Diseases of the nervous system form an extensive list, which includes various pathologies and syndromes. is a very complex, branched structure, sections of which perform various functions. Damage to one area affects the entire human body.

Malfunction (CNS and PNS, respectively) can be caused by for various reasons– from congenital developmental pathologies to infectious lesions.

The diseases can be accompanied by various symptoms. A neurologist treats such diseases.

All disorders of the central nervous system and PNS can be divided into several broad groups:

• vascular diseases nervous system;
• infectious diseases of the nervous system;
• congenital pathologies;
• genetic disorders;
• oncological diseases;
• pathologies due to injury.

It is very difficult to describe all kinds of diseases of the nervous system with a list, since there are a great many of them.

Vascular diseases of the central nervous system

The center of the central nervous system is the brain, so vascular diseases of the nervous system are characterized by disruption of its functioning. These diseases develop due to the following reasons:

• impaired blood supply to the brain;
• damage to cerebral vessels;
• pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

As you can see, all these reasons are closely interrelated and often one stems from the other.

Vascular diseases of the nervous system are lesions of the blood vessels of the brain, for example, stroke and atherosclerosis, aneurysms. The peculiarity of this group of diseases is high probability fatal outcome or disability.

So, a stroke provokes death nerve cells. After a stroke complete rehabilitation the patient is most often impossible, which leads to disability or death.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by hardening of the walls of blood vessels and further loss of elasticity. The disease develops due to cholesterol deposits on the vascular walls and is dangerous due to the formation of blood clots that provoke a heart attack.

An aneurysm is characterized by thinning of the vascular wall and the formation of a thickening. The danger of the pathology is that the seal can burst at any moment, which will lead to the release of a large amount of blood. Aneurysm rupture is fatal.

Infectious diseases of the central nervous system

Infectious diseases of the nervous system develop as a result of the impact of an infection, virus or fungus on the body. The central nervous system is affected first, followed by the PNS. The most common pathologies of an infectious nature:

• encephalitis;
• syphilis of the nervous system;
• meningitis;
• polio.

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses ( tick-borne encephalitis, brain damage by the herpes virus). Also, the inflammatory process can be bacterial or fungal in nature. The disease is very dangerous and, if left untreated, can lead to dementia and death.

Neurosyphilis occurs in 10% of cases of infection with this venereal disease. The peculiarity of neurosyphilis is that the disease affects all parts of the central nervous system and PNS without exception. Syphilis of the nervous system causes the development of changes in the structure of the cerebrospinal fluid. The disease is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms, including those of meningitis. Syphilis of the nervous system requires timely antibacterial therapy. Without treatment, paralysis, disability, and even death may develop.

Meningitis is a whole group of diseases. They are distinguished by the localization of inflammation, which can affect both the lining of the brain and the patient’s spinal cord. Pathology can be due to various reasons - from inflammatory processes in the middle ear to tuberculosis and trauma. This disease causes severe headache, symptoms of intoxication and weakening neck muscles. The disease can be triggered by a virus and then there is a high probability of infecting others through contact. Such infections of the nervous system develop very rapidly. Without timely treatment, the likelihood of death is very high.

Poliomyelitis is a virus that can infect the entire human nervous system. This is the so called childhood disease, which is characterized by the ease of transmission of the virus by airborne droplets. The virus quickly affects the entire body, causing various symptoms - from fever at the beginning of infection to paralysis. Very often they do not pass without a trace and a person remains disabled for life.

Congenital pathologies

Pathologies of the nervous system in a child may be caused by genetic mutation, heredity or birth trauma.

The causes of the pathology may be:

• hypoxia;
• taking certain medications in early pregnancy;
• trauma during passage through the birth canal;
• infectious diseases suffered by a woman during pregnancy.

As a rule, childhood diseases of the nervous system appear from birth. Genetically determined pathologies are accompanied by physiological disorders.

Among the genetically determined pathologies:

• epilepsy;
• spinal muscular atrophy;
• Canavan syndrome;
• Tourette's syndrome.

Epilepsy, as we know, is a chronic disease that is inherited. This disease is characterized seizures, which cannot be completely eliminated.

is a severe and often fatal disease associated with damage to neurons spinal cord, responsible for muscle activity. The patients' muscles are not developed and do not work, movement is impossible.

Canavan syndrome is a disorder of brain cells. The disease is characterized by an increase in the size of the skull and mental retardation. People with this pathology cannot eat due to impaired swallowing function. The prognosis is usually unfavorable. The disease cannot be cured.

Huntington's chorea is characterized by impaired motor skills, development of tics, and progressive dementia. Despite the genetic prerequisites for development, the disease manifests itself at an older age - the first symptoms appear at 30-60 years of age.

Tourette's syndrome is a disorder of the central nervous system that causes involuntary movements and shouting (tics). The first symptoms of pathology appear in preschool age. In childhood, this disease causes a lot of discomfort, but with age the symptoms become less pronounced.

You can suspect a dysfunction of the central nervous system in an infant if you carefully monitor the child's development. The reason for contacting a neurologist is delayed mental and physical development, vision problems or weakened reflexes.

Peripheral disorders

Peripheral diseases of the nervous system can occur as a complication of other pathologies, as well as due to tumors, surgical interventions or injuries. This group of disorders is very extensive and includes such common diseases as:

• neuritis;
• polyneuritis;
• radiculitis;
• neuralgia.

All these diseases develop as a result of either nerve roots, as a result of exposure to some negative factor.

Typically, such disorders develop as secondary disease against the background of infectious or viral lesions body, chronic diseases or intoxication. These pathologies often accompany diabetes, are observed in drug and alcohol addicts due to intoxication of the body. Vertebrogenic syndromes are distinguished separately, which develop against the background of spinal diseases, for example, osteochondrosis.

Treatment of pathologies of peripheral nerves is carried out using drug therapy, less often – surgically.

Tumor pathologies

Tumors can be located in any organ, including the brain and spinal cord.

Oncological disease of the human nervous system develops between the ages of 20 and 55 years. Tumors can affect any part of the brain.

Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Lymphoma of the central nervous system is common.

The presence of a brain tumor is accompanied by various symptoms. To diagnose the disease, it is necessary to conduct an MRI examination of the brain. Treatment and prognosis largely depend on the location and nature of the tumor.

Psycho-emotional disorders

There are a number of diseases of the nervous system that are accompanied by psychoemotional disorders. Such diseases include dystonia, syndrome chronic fatigue, panic disorders and other disorders. These diseases develop due to negative impact stress, lack nutrients and nervous overstrain, and is characterized by a person.

As a rule, the inert nervous system, which is inherent in oversensitivity. This type is characterized by low mobility of nervous processes. Inhibition in the central nervous system is slowly replaced by excitation. People with such a nervous system are often susceptible to melancholy and hypochondria. This type of nervous activity is characteristic of people who are slow, sensitive, easily irritated and also easily depressed. Inhibition in the central nervous system in this case is weakly expressed, and excitation (reaction to the stimulus) is inhibitory in nature.

Treatment of psycho-emotional disorders accompanying somatic symptoms involves relieving tension in the nervous system, stimulating blood circulation and normalizing lifestyle.

Symptoms of diseases of the nervous system

In diseases of the nervous system, symptoms are divided into several groups - signs motor disorders, autonomic symptoms and signs general. With damage to the PNS characteristic symptom is a violation of skin sensitivity.

Nervous diseases are characterized by the following general symptoms:

• pain syndrome localized in different parts bodies;
• speech problems;
• psychoemotional disorders;
• motor impairment;
• paresis;
• tremor of fingers;
• frequent fainting;
• dizziness;
• fast fatiguability.

Movement disorders include paresis and paralysis, convulsions, involuntary movements, and a feeling of numbness in the limbs.

Symptoms include changes blood pressure, increased heart rate, headache and dizziness.

Common symptoms are psycho-emotional disorders (apathy, irritability), as well as sleep problems and fainting.

Diagnosis and treatment of disorders

If you find any alarming symptoms, you should visit a neurologist. The doctor will conduct an examination and check the patient’s reflex activity. Then you may need additional examination - MRI, CT, Dopplerography of cerebral vessels.

Based on the results of the examination, treatment is prescribed, depending on what disorder is diagnosed.

Pathologies of the central nervous system and PNS are treated with drugs. These may be anticonvulsants, drugs to improve cerebral circulation and improve vascular permeability, sedatives and antipsychotics. Treatment is selected depending on the diagnosis.

Congenital pathologies often difficult to treat. In this case, treatment involves measures aimed at reducing the symptoms of the disease.

It should be remembered that the chances of getting rid of an acquired disease at the beginning of its development are much higher than when treating the disease at late stages. Therefore, if you notice symptoms, you should visit a specialist as soon as possible and not self-medicate. Self-medication does not bring the desired effect and can significantly aggravate the course of the disease.

The central nervous system (CNS) is the main part of the human nervous system, which consists of a collection of nerve cells. In humans, it is represented by the spinal cord and brain. The departments of the central nervous system regulate the activities of individual organs and systems of the body, and generally ensure the unity of its activities. With lesions of the central nervous system, this function is disrupted.

Damage to the central nervous system can occur in a child both during fetal development (perinatal) and during childbirth (intrapartum). If harmful factors affected the child at the embryonic stage of intrauterine development, then severe defects incompatible with life may occur. After eight weeks of pregnancy, damaging influences will no longer cause gross violations, but sometimes slight deviations appear in the formation of the child. After 28 weeks of intrauterine development of a child, damaging influences will not lead to developmental defects, but a normally formed child may develop some kind of disease.

Perinatal damage to the central nervous system (PP CNS)

This pathology is most often registered in children of the first year of life. This diagnosis involves a disorder of brain function or structure of various origins. CNS PP occurs during the perinatal period. This includes antenatal (from the 28th week of intrauterine development until the onset of labor), intranatal (the act of childbirth itself) and early neonatal (the first week of the child’s life) periods.

Symptoms of CNS PP include increased neuro-reflex excitability; decreased muscle tone and reflexes, short-term cramps and anxiety; muscle hypotonia, hyporeflexia; respiratory, cardiac, renal disorders; paresis and paralysis, etc.

The occurrence of perinatal CNS damage is influenced by the following reasons: somatic diseases mothers, malnutrition and immaturity of the pregnant woman, acute infectious diseases during pregnancy, hereditary diseases, metabolic disorders, pathological pregnancy, as well as unfavorable environmental conditions.

According to their origin, all perinatal lesions of the central nervous system can be divided into:

1. Hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system. Hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system occurs due to a lack of oxygen supply to the fetus or its utilization during pregnancy or childbirth;
2. Traumatic damage to the central nervous system. Traumatic damage to the central nervous system is caused by traumatic injury fetal head at the time of birth;
3. Hypoxic-traumatic damage to the central nervous system. Hypoxic-traumatic damage to the central nervous system is characterized by a combination of hypoxia and damage to the cervical spine and the spinal cord located in it;
4. Hypoxic-hemorrhagic damage to the central nervous system. Hypoxic-hemorrhagic damage to the central nervous system occurs during birth trauma and is accompanied by cerebral circulation disorders, including hemorrhages.

IN last years diagnostic capabilities of children medical institutions have improved significantly. After one month of the child’s life, a neurologist can determine the exact nature and extent of damage to the central nervous system, as well as predict the further course of the disease, or completely remove suspicion of brain disease. The diagnosis can be characterized either by complete recovery or the development of minimal disorders of the central nervous system, or by severe diseases that require mandatory treatment and regular monitoring by a neurologist.

Treatment of the acute period of perinatal CNS lesions is carried out in a hospital. Drug therapy, massage, physiotherapy and physiotherapeutic procedures, acupuncture, as well as elements of pedagogical correction are used as the main treatment of the disease.

Organic damage to the central nervous system

This diagnosis means that a person's brain is defective to a certain extent. Pathomorphological changes occur in the brain substance. A mild degree of organic damage to the central nervous system is characteristic of almost all people and does not require medical intervention. But the moderate and severe degree of this disease is already a disruption of the nervous system. Symptoms include freezing spells, sleep disturbances, increased excitability, easy distractibility, repetition of phrases, and daytime enuresis. Vision and hearing may deteriorate, and coordination of movements may be impaired. Human immunity decreases, and various colds occur.

The causes of organic damage to the central nervous system are divided into congenital and acquired. The first include cases when during pregnancy the mother of the child suffered an infection (acute respiratory infection, flu, sore throat), took certain medications, smoked and drank alcohol. During periods of psychological stress in the mother, the unified blood supply system can transfer stress hormones to the fetus’s body. Influenced by sharp changes temperature and pressure, exposure to radioactive and toxic substances contained in the air, dissolved in water, food, etc.

Diagnosing organic damage to the central nervous system is quite simple. An experienced psychiatrist can determine the presence or absence of organic matter by looking at a child’s face. However, the types of disorders in the functioning of the brain are determined by laboratory diagnostics, which are based on a series of procedures that are harmless to the body and informative for the doctor: ultrasound diagnostics of the brain, electroencephalogram, rheoencephalogram.

Treatment of organic matter is a very long process. It is mainly medicinal. To treat organic damage to the central nervous system, medications are used. For example, nootropic drugs can improve brain activity. Vascular drugs are used.

Children are often diagnosed with “residual damage to the LES.” Residual organic damage to the central nervous system occurs in children mainly as residual effects of birth injuries and brain disorders. Manifests itself as a disorder of associative thinking, and in more severe cases neurological disorders. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor. Various elements of pedagogical correction and concentration exercises are used, and sessions with a psychologist and speech therapist are useful.

The consequences of damage to the central nervous system depend primarily on the degree of the disease. Both complete recovery and delay in mental, motor or speech development in the child, various neurological reactions, etc. It is important that during the first year of life the child receives full rehabilitation.

Help children with diseases affecting the central nervous system

At the moment, there are no children with this diagnosis in the care of our foundation. However, you can help sick children with other diagnoses!

The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and brain. The spinal cord is located in spinal column and is presented in the form of a cord that starts from the foramen magnum and ends at lumbar region. The brain is located inside the skull. Organic damage to the central nervous system means that the human brain is defective. Doctors say that the first stage of this disease can be detected in 99% of people. This stage has no symptoms and does not require treatment. However, stage 2 is a more severe type of lesion, but stage 3 is a severe disease with serious deviations.

Causes

Brain damage can be congenital or acquired. Congenital pathologies develop if during pregnancy a woman:

• drank alcohol, drugs or smoked
• had the flu, ARVI
• took certain medications that have toxic effects
• experienced severe stress.

Reasons also include hereditary predisposition and the age of the expectant mother is too young. In addition, organic brain damage can occur due to improper management of childbirth and birth trauma.

Acquired damage to the central nervous system occurs after:

• stroke
• traumatic brain injuries
• alcohol and drug use
• infectious diseases (meningitis, meningoencephalitis)

In addition, damage may occur against the background autoimmune diseases And tumor processes in the brain.

Symptoms of damage to the central nervous system:

• fast fatiguability
• urinary incontinence in daytime days
• lack of coordination
• decreased vision and hearing
• easily distractible
• reduced immunity

Children with organic damage to the central nervous system are called mentally retarded. Their normal mental development is disrupted, active perception, speech, logical thinking and voluntary memory. It is typical for such children to either increased excitability, or inertia. They have difficulty developing interests and communicating with peers.

In addition, it suffers physical development child. Such children have an irregular skull shape, their gross and fine motor skills are impaired, and difficulties arise in the formation of motor automatisms.

Diseases of the central nervous system caused by organic brain damage:

1. Mental retardation
2. Dementia

Oligophrenia is a disease characterized by a delay in mental development. Such children have reduced intelligence, their speech, motor skills, and emotions lag behind. The disease is often congenital or develops in the first year of life. These people are able to take care of themselves independently.

The human central nervous system is made up of neurons and their processes; when these neurons begin to deteriorate, dementia occurs. Dementia is a disease in which there is a loss of skills and knowledge and the inability to acquire new ones.

The disease is acquired in nature and occurs as a symptom of many diseases:

• Alzheimer's disease is the most common reason dementia (55 – 60% of cases)
• vascular
• alcoholism
• brain tumors
• traumatic brain injury

There are 3 degrees of severity of dementia. At grade 1, the patient is capable of self-care, but social activity is already impaired. At degree 2, the patient requires self-monitoring. In grade 3, the patient does not understand what is being said to him and does not say anything himself. Incapable of self-care. Needs constant monitoring.

Diagnostics

Psychiatrists and neurologists deal with organic lesions of the central nervous system. An experienced psychiatrist, by looking at the face, can determine whether the child has “organic” (organic brain damage). Patients will also be given a medical examination: ultrasonography brain, electroencephalogram, rheoencephalogram. All these studies will help the doctor make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Treatment

Congenital therapy organic disorders brain is a very long process. The child will need a whole range of activities and consultations from all specialists. To improve cerebral circulation, children are prescribed nootropics:

• Piracetam
• Oxiracetam
• phenotropil
• Semax

Children are also prescribed medications to correct affective lability and suppress perverted desires:

• Phenazepam
• Sonapax

In addition, children need:

• massage
• physiotherapeutic treatment that improves cerebral circulation and reduces muscle spasms
• classes with a psychologist and speech pathologist

Before you begin to treat acquired brain lesions, it is necessary to find out the cause of their development. After determining the cause, the doctor will prescribe treatment aimed at curing the underlying disease and symptomatic therapy. Patients need an appointment medicines, improving cerebral circulation, moderate physical activity, nutrition, rich in vitamins and antioxidants, as well as antidepressants and antipsychotics.

The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. They are responsible for normal functioning person. Congenital and acquired organic lesions central nervous system began to occur quite often. This is due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, non-compliance with all the rules during pregnancy and much more. Remember, in order for a child to be born healthy, you need to eat right, give up bad habits and avoid stress and not self-medicate. It must be remembered that many drugs are prohibited during pregnancy. If your child is diagnosed with this, do not be discouraged.

Attention!

The perinatal period (from 28 weeks of pregnancy to 7 days of a child’s life) is one of the fundamental stages of ontogenesis, that is, the individual development of the body, the “events” of which influence the occurrence and course of diseases of the nervous system and internal organs in children. Of greatest interest to parents, obviously, are methods of rehabilitation of children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), that is, restoration of impaired functions. But first, we consider it important to introduce you to the reasons that can lead to perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in a child, as well as diagnostic possibilities modern medicine. About rehabilitation we'll talk in the next issue of the magazine.

The modern classification of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system is based on the causes and mechanisms leading to disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system in a child. According to this classification, there are four groups of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system:

1. hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system, in which the main damaging factor is lack of oxygen,
2. traumatic lesions , in this case, the leading damaging factor is mechanical damage to the tissues of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) during childbirth and in the first minutes and hours of the child’s life,
3. dismetabolic and toxic-metabolic lesions, while the main damaging factor is metabolic disorders in the child’s body during the prenatal period,
4. damage to the central nervous system in infectious diseases of the perinatal period: the main damaging effect is caused by an infectious agent (usually a virus).

It should be noted here that doctors often deal with a combination of several factors, so this division is to a certain extent arbitrary.

Let's talk in more detail about each of the above groups.

Group 1 of perinatal CNS lesions

First of all, it must be said that hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system are the most common. The causes of chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia are:

• diseases of the pregnant woman (diabetes, infection, anemia, high blood pressure, etc.),
• polyhydramnios,
• oligohydramnios,
• multiple pregnancy, etc.

The causes of acute hypoxia (i.e. occurring during childbirth) are:

• disorders of the uteroplacental circulation with premature detachment placenta,
• heavy bleeding,
• slowing down of blood flow when the fetal head is compressed during childbirth in the pelvic cavity, etc.

The duration and severity of hypoxia, and, accordingly, the degree of damage to the central nervous system are determined by the degree of toxicosis, exacerbation of concomitant diseases in the mother during pregnancy, especially of cardio-vascular system. The fetal central nervous system is most sensitive to the lack of oxygen. With chronic intrauterine hypoxia, a number of pathological changes are triggered (slowing the growth of brain capillaries, increasing their permeability), which contribute to the development of severe respiratory and circulatory disorders during childbirth (this condition is called asphyxia). Thus, asphyxia of a newborn at birth in most cases is a consequence of fetal hypoxia.

Group II of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system

The traumatic factor plays a major role in spinal cord injuries. As a rule, obstetric aids that injure the fetus take place (recall that obstetric aids are manual manipulations performed by the midwife delivering the baby in order to facilitate the removal of the head and shoulders of the fetus) with a large fetal mass, a narrowed pelvis, incorrect insertion of the head, breech presentation, unjustified use of techniques for protecting the perineum (techniques for protecting the perineum are aimed at restraining the rapid advancement of the fetal head along the birth canal; on the one hand, this protects the perineum from excessive stretching, on the other hand, it increases the time the fetus stays in the birth canal, which, under appropriate conditions, aggravates hypoxia ), excessive turns of the head when moving it out, pulling on the head when moving the shoulder girdle, etc. Sometimes such injuries occur even when performing caesarean section with a so-called “cosmetic” incision (a horizontal incision in the pubis along the hairline and a corresponding horizontal incision in the lower segment of the uterus), which is usually insufficient to gently remove the baby’s head. In addition, medical procedures in the first 48 hours (for example, intensive artificial ventilation lungs), especially with low birth weight preterm infants, can also lead to the development of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system.

Group III of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system

The group of metabolic disorders includes the following: metabolic disorders, How alcohol syndrome fetus, nicotine syndrome, drug withdrawal syndrome (that is, disorders that develop as a result of drug withdrawal, as well as conditions caused by the effect on the central nervous system of viral and bacterial toxins or drugs administered to the fetus or child.

IV group of perinatal CNS lesions

In recent years, the factor of intrauterine infection has become increasingly higher value, which is explained by more advanced methods for diagnosing infections. Ultimately, the mechanism of damage to the central nervous system is largely determined by the type of pathogen and the severity of the disease.

How do perinatal CNS lesions manifest?

Manifestations of perinatal CNS lesions vary depending on the severity of the disease. Thus, in a mild form, there is initially a moderate increase or decrease in muscle tone and reflexes; symptoms of mild depression usually after 5-7 days are replaced by excitement with tremor (shaking) of the hands, chin, and motor restlessness. With moderate severity, depression (more than 7 days) in the form of muscle hypotonia and weakened reflexes is most often observed at first. Sometimes there are convulsions and sensory disturbances. Autonomic-visceral disorders are often observed, manifested by dyskinesias of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of unstable stools, regurgitation, flatulence, dysregulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (increased or decreased heart rate, muffled heart sounds, impaired breathing rhythm, etc. .). In severe forms, severe and prolonged depression of the central nervous system, convulsions, and severe disorders of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems predominate.

Of course, even in the maternity hospital, a neonatologist, when examining a newborn, must identify perinatal lesions of the central nervous system and prescribe appropriate treatment. But clinical manifestations may persist even after discharge from the hospital, and sometimes intensify. In this situation, the mother herself may suspect “problems” in the functioning of the child’s central nervous system. What might worry her? We will list a few characteristic features: frequent restlessness of the child or his inexplicable constant lethargy, regular regurgitation, trembling of the chin, arms, legs, unusual eye movements, freezing (the child seems to “freeze” in one position). Frequent syndrome in case of damage to the central nervous system, hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome is also present - in this case, signs of increased intracranial pressure, a rapid increase in head circumference (more than 1 cm per week), opening of cranial sutures, an increase in the size of the fontanelles should be alerted, and various vegetative-visceral violations.

If you have even the slightest suspicion, be sure to consult a neurologist - after all, the sooner treatment is started or its correction is carried out, the greater the likelihood of complete restoration of impaired functions.

Once again, we emphasize that your child will be diagnosed by a doctor. The diagnosis will reflect the presence of perinatal CNS damage, if possible, the group of factors that caused its development, and the names of the syndromes, which include clinical manifestations of CNS damage identified in the child. For example: “Perinatal damage to the central nervous system of hypoxic origin: muscular dystonia syndrome, syndrome of vegetative-visceral disorders.” This means that the main reason for the damage to the central nervous system that developed in the baby was a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) during pregnancy, that upon examination the child revealed uneven muscle tone in the arms and/or legs (dystonia), the baby’s skin has an uneven color due to imperfections. regulation of vascular tone (vegetative) and he has dyskinesia of the gastrointestinal tract (stool retention, or, conversely, increased intestinal motility, flatulence, persistent regurgitation), disturbances in the rhythm of the heart and breathing (visceral disorders).

Phases of development of the pathological process

There are four phases of development pathological process with lesions of the nervous system in children during the first year of life.

First phase- an acute period of illness, lasting up to 1 month of life, directly related to hypoxia and circulatory disorders, clinically can manifest itself in the form of depression syndrome or central nervous system excitation syndrome.

Second phase the pathological process spreads to the 2-3rd months of life, the severity decreases neurological disorders: improving general state, motor activity increases, muscle tone and reflexes normalize. Electroencephalographic indicators improve. This is explained by the fact that the damaged brain does not lose its ability to recover, but the duration of the second phase is short and soon (by the 3rd month of life) an increase in spastic phenomena may occur. The phase of “unjustified hopes for a complete recovery” is ending (it can be called the phase of false normalization).

Third phase— the phase of spastic phenomena (3-6 months of life) is characterized by the predominance of muscle hypertension (i.e., increased muscle tone). The child throws back his head, bends his arms at the elbows and brings them to the chest, crosses his legs and puts them on his toes when supporting him, there is a pronounced tremor, convulsive states are not uncommon, etc. Change clinical manifestations The disease may be due to the fact that during this period there is a process of degeneration (the number of dystopically altered neurons increases). At the same time, in many children with hypoxic damage to the nervous system, the outlined progress in the second phase of the disease is consolidated, which is detected in the form of a decrease in neurological disorders.

Fourth phase(7-9 months of life) is characterized by the division of children with perinatal damage to the nervous system into two groups: children with obvious psychoneurological disorders up to severe forms of cerebral palsy (20%) and children with normalization of previously observed changes in the nervous system (80%) . This phase can conventionally be called the phase of completion of the disease.

Methods for laboratory diagnosis of perinatal lesions of the nervous system in children

According to experimental studies, the brain of a newborn child is able to form new neurons in response to damage. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are the key to restoring the functions of affected organs and systems, since pathological changes in young children they are more amenable to reverse development and correction; anatomical and functional restoration occurs more completely than with advanced changes with irreversible structural changes.

Restoration of central nervous system functions depends on the severity of the primary injury. In the laboratory of clinical biochemistry Science Center children's health, the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences conducted studies that showed: for laboratory diagnosis of the severity of perinatal lesions of the nervous system in children, it is possible to determine the content of special substances in the blood serum - "markers of damage to nervous tissue" - neuron-specific enolase (NSE), which is found mainly in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, and myelin basic protein, which is part of the membrane surrounding the processes of neurons. The increase in their concentration in the blood of newborns with severe perinatal lesions of the nervous system is explained by the entry of these substances into the bloodstream as a result of destruction processes in brain cells. Therefore, on the one hand, the appearance of NSE in the blood makes it possible to confirm the diagnosis of “perinatal damage to the central nervous system”, and on the other hand, to establish the severity of this lesion: the higher the concentration of NSE and myelin basic protein in the baby’s blood, the more severe defeat there is a speech.

In addition, the brain of each child has its own, genetically determined (only characteristic of it) structural, functional, metabolic and other features. Thus, taking into account the severity of the lesion and the individual characteristics of each sick child plays a role vital role in the processes of restoration of the central nervous system and the development of an individual rehabilitation program.

As mentioned above, methods of rehabilitation of children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system will be covered in the next issue of the journal.

Olga Goncharova, senior researcher
departments for premature babies
Scientific Center for Children's Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ph.D.

Discussion

Hello Olga! My daughter is already 1.2 months old. She was diagnosed with perinatal paralysis of the central nervous system and the syndrome of liquorodynamic disturbances in a month. During this period, we took several courses of drugs. There is improvement, but not enough. The fontanel does not grow together and water does not leave the head. I was told that in In the future, this disease will lead to neurosis or to surgery (sucking fluid out of the head). Are there other methods of treatment and the forecasts for the future are so scary?

12/19/2008 14:56:35, Katyusha

How is pernotal damage to the nervous system treated, and more specifically, bilateral syndrome? pyramidal insufficiency, as I understand it, this syndrome is a consequence of the defeat itself????

08/11/2008 09:39:22, Artyom

I had a full-term baby and was diagnosed with perinotal damage to the central nervous system.
when I was already giving birth, the umbilical cord was tied around the baby’s neck + the midwife pulled on the head, the baby was born and wasn’t breathing - I didn’t even immediately realize that he wasn’t screaming.
Now my child is already 8 years old and he has begun to have difficulties absorbing school material: can the diagnosis affect the child’s attention and activity?

22.11.2007 13:43:44, Nastya

I really would like to see a sequel! Was it published somewhere?

01.03.2007 13:24:10, t_katerina

For your information, the perinatal period begins at 22, not 28 weeks. It is surprising that the author does not know this.

04/08/2006 13:15:02, Natalya

Great article! Unfortunately, it is very relevant. I don’t know for sure, but the neurologist did not openly give us any diagnosis. So, she said: “You had hypoxia.” She prescribed the medicine “Caventon.” So what? The child both shuddered and shuddered. He is already 3.5, and we sleep in overalls, because... does not recognize swaddling. And I don’t know what to do next! Anyone who has encountered the same problem, plz, write.

05/30/2005 00:01:20, Elizaveta

Good article, I understand a lot now

05/20/2005 16:36:30, just mom

Dear Olga!
Was your article " Perinatal lesions CNS" was published anywhere else besides the magazine "9 months"
Sincerely,
Maria

04/01/2005 20:30:47, Maria

Ladies and gentlemen!
Please tell me whether a child can be born with cerebral palsy if he is full-term, i.e. nine month old.
Thank you in advance.

04/05/2004 15:31:15, Olja

Unfortunately, this article is very relevant to me. Therefore, I was looking forward to the next issue of the magazine in order to read the promised continuation, I bought the issue immediately after its release, but alas... I was deceived, it simply wasn’t there. It’s a pity, I used to consider this magazine very necessary, useful and the best.

09/18/2002 12:51:03, Vegetable

They end up normalized.
I realized that this 100% does not include healthy children at all.

I am confused by the division of children in the “resolution phase” into TWO groups: 20% - cerebral palsy, 80% - “normalization”. But what about those who, fortunately, do not have obvious cerebral palsy, but retain certain neurological disorders?

Comment on the article "Perinatal lesions of the central nervous system"

See other discussions: Perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. Perinatal encephalopathy. CNS lesions in children: what are they? Diagnosis of PEP - perinatal encephalopathy. Most children have a delay...

Discussion

We come across two adopted brothers and sisters who have problems with the nervous system. One has epilepsy, sometimes they write encephalopathy, when there are no epicomplexes, the other has cerebral damage to the central nervous system. We have been treating them for 6 years, we are treating them, it is morally very difficult to live with them. Reminds me of Sisyphean work. And genetics generally covers all diagnoses.

04.09.2018 04:53:11, Mother of two adopted children

The diagnosis of PEP is perinatal encephalopathy. PPCNS, hyperexcitability. A child from birth to one year. Care and education of a child up to one year: nutrition, illness, development. And in fact, after a while I was able to spread his legs normally.

Discussion

I REPORT that we did not inject the baby with anything.
We consulted elsewhere - everything was within normal limits, if possible, they advised us to do another course of massage.

In general, we no longer went to the neurologist at the clinic, and she quit.
We have now visited a new neurologist (visiting doctors for a year) - the diagnosis has been completely removed, “there are no neurological pathologies”; He does everything that is required by his age.

We didn’t get around to getting a massage - either we were looking for a neurologist, then the New Year holidays, then we took our daughter to the machines for 2 weeks, then the flu quarantine began, the holidays came again, then they began to see doctors for the year, but there are plans.

And so the baby walked at 11 months, and at 11.5 - confidently, without outside help.

The main diagnoses are other brain lesions and unspecified encephalopathy (I am writing from memory). Perinatal encephalopathy (PEP) is a collective diagnosis implying a dysfunction or structure of the brain of various...

Discussion

@@@@@
Listen to all the things they say about the child and think, can he really have all this?! And then make a decision. Very often they say a lot so that children are not taken.

unspecified encephalopathy may be bullshit
Let everything be fine tomorrow!

babies are often diagnosed with PEP = perinatal encephalopathy, I know about this in personal experience, but unspecified?... For diagnosis there must be an examination and not by eye! Maybe he was given NSG when he was still a toddler and it all goes from there?

Despite the variety of causes leading to perinatal damage to the nervous system during the course of the disease, three periods are distinguished:

• acute - 1st month of life);
• restorative, which is divided into early (from the 2nd to the 3rd month of life) and late (from 4 months to 1 year in full-term infants, up to 2 years in premature infants);
• outcome of the disease.

In each period, perinatal injuries have different clinical manifestations, which doctors are accustomed to distinguishing in the form of various syndromes (a set of clinical manifestations of the disease, combined by common feature). In addition, one child often has a combination of several syndromes. The severity of each syndrome and their combination make it possible to determine the severity of damage to the nervous system, correctly prescribe treatment and make predictions for the future.

Acute syndromes

Acute period syndromes include: central nervous system depression syndrome, comatose syndrome, syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability, convulsive syndrome, hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome.

With mild injuries to the central nervous system in newborns, the most common syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability which is manifested by shuddering, increased (hypertonicity) or decreased (hypotonic) muscle tone, increased reflexes, tremor (shaking) of the chin and limbs, restless shallow sleep, frequent “causeless” crying.

With damage to the central nervous system medium degree children often have heaviness in the first days of life CNS depression in the form of a reduction motor activity and decreased muscle tone, weakening of newborn reflexes, including sucking and swallowing reflexes. By the end of the 1st month of life, depression of the central nervous system gradually disappears, and in some children it is replaced by increased excitement. With an average degree of damage to the central nervous system, disturbances in the functioning of internal organs and systems are observed ( vegetative-visceral syndrome) in the form of uneven coloring of the skin (marbling of the skin) due to imperfect regulation of vascular tone, disturbances in the rhythm of breathing and heart contractions, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of unstable stools, constipation, frequent regurgitation, flatulence. May occur less frequently convulsive syndrome, in which paroxysmal twitching of the limbs and head, episodes of shuddering and other manifestations of seizures are observed.

Often, children in the acute period of the disease develop signs hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, which is characterized by excess fluid accumulation in the spaces of the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid, which leads to increased intracranial pressure. The main symptoms that the doctor notes and that parents may suspect are the rapid rate of increase in the child’s head circumference (more than 1 cm per week), big sizes and bulging of a large fontanel, divergence of cranial sutures, anxiety, frequent regurgitation, unusual eye movements (a kind of trembling of the eyeballs when looking away to the side, up, down - this is called nystagmus), etc.

A sharp depression of the activity of the central nervous system and other organs and systems is inherent in the extremely serious condition of a newborn with the development comatose syndrome(lack of consciousness and coordinating function of the brain). This condition requires emergency care in intensive care conditions.

Recovery period syndromes

In the recovery period of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, the following syndromes are distinguished: syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability, epileptic syndrome, hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, syndrome of vegetative-visceral dysfunctions, syndrome of motor disorders, syndrome of delayed psychomotor development. Long-term disorders of muscle tone often lead to delayed psychomotor development in children, because disturbances in muscle tone and the presence of pathological motor activity - hyperkinesis (involuntary movements caused by contraction of the muscles of the face, trunk, limbs, less often the larynx, soft palate, tongue, external eye muscles) prevent the performance of purposeful movements and the formation of normal motor functions in the baby. When motor development is delayed, the child later begins to hold his head up, sit, crawl, and walk. Poor facial expressions, late appearance of a smile, decreased interest in toys and objects environment, as well as a weak monotonous cry, a delay in the appearance of humming and babbling should alert parents in terms of delayed mental development in the baby.

Outcomes of the disease

By the age of one year, in most children, manifestations of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system gradually disappear or their minor manifestations persist. Common consequences of perinatal lesions include:

• delayed mental, motor or speech development;
• cerebroasthenic syndrome (it is manifested by mood swings, motor restlessness, anxious restless sleep, weather dependence);
• Attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome is a disorder of the central nervous system, manifested by aggressiveness, impulsivity, difficulty concentrating and maintaining attention, learning and memory disorders.

The most unfavorable outcomes are epilepsy, hydrocephalus, and cerebral palsy, indicating severe perinatal damage to the central nervous system.

In the diagnosis, the doctor must necessarily reflect the suspected causes of damage to the central nervous system, the severity, syndromes and period of the disease.

In order to diagnose and confirm perinatal damage to the central nervous system in children, in addition to a clinical examination, additional instrumental studies nervous system, such as neurosonography, Dopplerography, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, etc.

Recently, the most accessible and widely used method of examining children in the first year of life is neurosonography (ultrasound examination of the brain), which is carried out through the large fontanel. This study is harmless and can be repeated in both full-term and premature babies, allowing one to observe the processes occurring in the brain over time. In addition, the study can be performed on newborns in serious condition, forced to stay in the intensive care unit in incubators (special beds with transparent walls that allow for a certain temperature regime, monitor the condition of the newborn) and on mechanical ventilation ( artificial respiration through the device). Neurosonography allows you to assess the state of the brain substance and cerebrospinal fluid tracts (brain structures filled with fluid - cerebrospinal fluid), identify developmental defects, and also suggest possible causes of damage to the nervous system (hypoxia, hemorrhage, infections).

If a child has severe neurological disorders in the absence of signs of brain damage on neurosonography, such children are prescribed more precise methods CNS studies - computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unlike neurosonography, these methods allow you to evaluate the smallest structural changes in the brain and spinal cord. However, they can only be carried out in a hospital, since during the study the baby should not perform active movements, which is achieved by administering special medications to the child.

In addition to studying the structures of the brain, recently it has become possible to assess blood flow in the cerebral vessels using Doppler sonography. However, the data obtained during its implementation can only be taken into account in conjunction with the results of other research methods.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method for studying the bioelectrical activity of the brain. It allows you to assess the degree of brain maturity and suggest the presence convulsive syndrome at the baby's. Due to the immaturity of the brain in children in the first year of life, a final assessment of EEG indicators is possible only if this study is repeatedly carried out over time.

Thus, the diagnosis of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in a baby is established by the doctor after a thorough analysis of data on the course of pregnancy and childbirth, the condition of the newborn at birth, the presence of disease syndromes identified in him, as well as data additional methods research. In the diagnosis, the doctor will necessarily reflect the suspected causes of damage to the central nervous system, the severity, syndromes and period of the disease.

Why do disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system occur?

Analyzing the causes leading to disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system of a newborn, doctors distinguish four groups of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system:

• hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system, in which the main damaging factor is hypoxia (lack of oxygen);
• traumatic injuries resulting from mechanical damage tissues of the brain and spinal cord during childbirth, in the first minutes and hours of a child’s life;
• dismetabolic and toxic-metabolic lesions, the main damaging factor of which is metabolic disorders in the child’s body, as well as damage resulting from the use of toxic substances by the pregnant woman (medicines, alcohol, drugs, smoking);
• lesions of the central nervous system in infectious diseases of the perinatal period” when the main damaging effect is exerted by an infectious agent (viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms).

Help for children with central nervous system injuries

Due to the possibilities of early diagnosis of perinatal CNS lesions, treatment and rehabilitation of these conditions should be carried out as soon as possible. early dates, so that the therapeutic effects occur in the first months of the baby’s life, when the disorders are still reversible. It should be said that the ability of the child’s brain to restore impaired functions, as well as the capabilities of the entire organism as a whole, is very great during this period of life. It is in the first months of life that it is still possible for the nerve cells of the brain to mature to replace those lost after hypoxia, and for the formation of new connections between them, due to which in the future the normal development of the body as a whole will be determined. I would like to note that even minimal manifestations perinatal CNS lesions require appropriate treatment to prevent adverse outcomes of the disease.

Providing assistance to children with central nervous system injuries is carried out in three stages.

First stage involves assistance in maternity hospital(maternity room, ward intensive care, neonatal intensive care unit) and includes restoration and maintenance of vital functions important organs(heart, lungs, kidneys), normalization of metabolic processes, treatment of central nervous system damage syndromes (depression or excitation, seizures, cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, etc.). It is at the first stage of care that the main treatments for children with severe central nervous system injuries are medications and intensive (for example, artificial ventilation) therapy.

During treatment, the children's condition gradually improves, however, many symptoms of central nervous system damage (impaired muscle tone, reflexes, fatigue, anxiety, dysfunction in the lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract) may persist, which requires transfer of children to second stage of treatment and rehabilitation, namely, to the department of pathology of newborns and premature infants or to the neurological department of a children's hospital.

On at this stage Prescribe drugs aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease (infections, toxic substances) and affecting the mechanism of development of the disease, as well as drugs used to treat certain syndromes of central nervous system damage. These are drugs that improve the nutrition of nerve cells, stimulate the maturation of brain tissue, improve microcirculation 2 and cerebral circulation, reduce muscle tone, etc. In addition to drug therapy, in full-term children, while their condition improves from the end of the 3rd week of life (in premature children - several later) a course of massage with the gradual addition of therapeutic exercises, electrophoresis sessions and other rehabilitation methods may be prescribed.

After completing the course of treatment, most children are discharged home with recommendations for further observation in a children's clinic ( third stage of rehabilitation). A pediatrician, together with a neurologist, and, if necessary, with other specialized specialists (ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, orthopedist, psychologist, physiotherapist, etc.) draws up individual plan observations of a child in the first year of life. During this period, they begin to become increasingly important non-drug methods rehabilitation such as massage, physiotherapy, electrophoresis, impulse currents, acupuncture, thermal procedures, balneotherapy (therapeutic baths), swimming, as well as psychological and pedagogical correction methods aimed at developing the child’s motor skills, speech and psyche.

If the damage to the central nervous system is not severe and the baby is discharged from maternity ward home, it is important to create a therapeutic and protective regime during the acute period of the disease. This means protecting the child from unnecessary irritants (loud sound of the radio, TV, loud conversations), creating conditions for thermal comfort (avoiding both overheating and hypothermia), not forgetting to regularly ventilate the room in which the baby is located. In addition, the child should be protected as much as possible from the possibility of any infection by limiting visits to the newborn by friends and relatives.

Particular attention should be paid to proper nutrition, as it is a powerful healing factor. Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients for the full development of the baby. Early transfer to artificial feeding leads to early start and more frequent development of infectious diseases. Meanwhile, the protective factors of mother's milk are able to partially compensate for the lack of their own immune factors during this period of development, allowing the baby to direct all its compensatory capabilities to restore impaired functions after suffering hypoxia. And the biologically active substances, hormones, and growth factors contained in breast milk can activate the recovery processes and maturation of the central nervous system. In addition, maternal touch during breastfeeding is an important emotional stimulant that helps reduce stress, and therefore a more complete perception of the world around the child.

Premature babies and children born with severe damage to the central nervous system are often forced to be fed through a tube or bottle in the first days of life. Don't despair, but try to save breast milk, regularly expressing it and giving it to the baby. As soon as your baby's condition improves, he will definitely be attached to his mother's breast.

An important place in the recovery period is occupied by massotherapy and gymnastics, which normalize muscle tone, improve metabolic processes, blood circulation, thereby increasing the overall reactivity of the body, contribute to the psychomotor development of the child. A massage course includes from 10 to 20 sessions. Depending on the severity of the central nervous system lesion, at least 3-4 courses of massage are carried out in the first year of life with an interval of 1-1.5 months. At the same time, parents continue to practice therapeutic gymnastics with their child between courses at home, having previously learned during the classes.

Methods of massage and therapeutic exercises depend, first of all, on the nature of motor disorders, the characteristics of changes in muscle tone, as well as the predominance of certain syndromes of central nervous system damage.

Thus, in case of hyperexcitability syndrome, techniques are used aimed at reducing general excitability (swaying in the fetal position or on a ball) and muscle tone (relaxing massage with elements acupressure). At the same time, in children with signs of depression of the nervous system, a strengthening massage of the muscles of the back, abdomen, gluteal muscles, as well as relaxed arms and legs is used.

Massage and therapeutic exercises create favorable conditions for the overall development of the child, they accelerate the development of motor functions (mastering skills such as raising and holding the head, turning on the side, stomach, back, sitting, crawling, walking independently). Particular importance is given to training on inflatable objects - balls, rollers (rollers). They are used for development vestibular functions, help relax tense and strengthen relaxed muscles, water. In this case, the exercises are carried out in ordinary baths, their duration is initially 5-7 minutes and gradually increases to 15 minutes. At the beginning of the course, it is advisable to undergo training with a medical instructor, and then it is possible to conduct classes in a home bath. Water not only tones weak muscles and relaxes tense ones, stimulates metabolism and blood circulation, has a hardening effect, but also has a calming effect on the baby’s nervous system. It should be noted that increased intracranial pressure in children is not a contraindication to swimming - in this case, diving should only be excluded.

It is also possible to carry out a stimulating underwater shower-massage in a warm bath. In this case, water entering through a wide tip under low pressure (0.5 atmospheres) has a massaging effect on the muscles. To do this, a stream of water is slowly moved from the periphery to the center at a distance of 10-20 cm from the surface of the body. This massage is performed in a hospital or clinic setting.

Among water procedures, which have therapeutic effects, balneotherapy is used for children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system - taking medicinal baths. Due to the characteristics of the skin in children (high permeability, rich vascular network, abundance nerve endings- receptors), medicinal baths are especially effective. Under the influence of salts dissolved in water, blood circulation and metabolism in the skin, muscles and the entire body increase. Parents can carry out these procedures independently at home, having received doctor’s recommendations. Salt baths are prepared at the rate of 2 tablespoons of sea or table salt per 10 liters of water, water temperature 36°C. Procedures are taken from 3-5 to 10-15 minutes every other day, the course of treatment is 10-15 baths. In excitable children, it is often recommended to add conifers to salt baths, as well as baths with decoctions of valerian and motherwort, which have a calming effect on the central nervous system.

Among the methods of physiotherapy, the most commonly used are medicinal electrophoresis, pulsed currents, inductothermy, ultrasound, etc. Introduction to the body medicinal substances using direct current (electrophoresis) improves blood circulation in tissues and muscle tone, promotes the resorption of inflammation, and when exposed to collar area improves cerebral circulation and brain activity. The impact of pulsed currents of various characteristics can have both an exciting and an inhibitory effect on muscles, which is often used in the treatment of paresis and paralysis.

In the treatment of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in children, local thermal procedures (heat therapy) are also used by applying ozokerite applications to the affected areas ( mountain wax), paraffin or sandbags. Thermal effects cause tissue warming, vasodilation, increasing blood circulation and metabolism; in addition, restoration processes are activated and muscle tone decreases. To do this, ozokerite preheated to 39-42°C is applied to the site of exposure, covered with a blanket and left to act for 15-30 minutes, depending on age. Procedures are carried out every other day in the amount of 15-20 per course of treatment.

Impact on particularly sensitive points in order to stimulate reflexes is carried out using the method of acupuncture. In this case, the effects can be carried out with an acupuncture (used in acupuncture) needle, pulsed electric current, laser radiation or a magnetic field.

With the beginning of the recovery period of the disease, it is necessary to gradually expand auditory, visual, and emotional contacts with the baby, since they are a kind of non-drug “nootrophs” - stimulants for the developing brain. These are toys, educational mats and complexes, books and pictures, individually selected music programs recorded on a tape recorder, and of course mother’s songs.

However, it should be remembered that overindulgence programs early development can lead to fatigue and breakdown of the baby’s not yet fully strengthened nervous system. Therefore, show moderation and patience in everything, and even better, do not forget to discuss all undertakings with your doctor. Remember - your child's health is in your hands. So do not spare time and effort to restore the injured baby.

New medicine for baby rehabilitation

New methods of rehabilitation of children with central nervous system lesions include the technique of soft vibration massage in zero gravity conditions (Saturn rehabilitation crib). To do this, the child is placed on an individual diaper in a “pseudo-fluid” made of glass microbeads heated to the required temperature, moving in the bed under the influence of the air flow. A buoyancy effect is created (close to intrauterine), in which up to 65% of the child’s body surface is immersed in “pseudo-fluid”. In this case, the gentle massage effect of microballs on the skin leads to irritation of peripheral nerve endings and transmission of impulses to the central nervous system, which provides treatment for paralysis.

Another new method of rehabilitation is the “dry immersion” method, which also creates the effect of partially simulating the intrauterine state of a child. In this case, the babies are placed on a plastic film, freely lying on the swaying surface of water with a temperature of 35 ~ 37 ° C. During the session, excited children calm down and often fall asleep, which contributes to a decrease in muscle tone,” while children with central nervous system depression become somewhat more active.

1 Perinatal - Referring to the period beginning a few weeks before the birth of the child, including the moment of his birth and ending a few days after the birth of the child. This period lasts from the 28th week of pregnancy to the 7th day after the birth of the child.

2 Movement of blood through to the smallest vessels the body for the purpose of better delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells, as well as the removal of cell metabolic products