I got poisoned, what can I do at home? What medications to take for food poisoning
Cases of poisoning with substandard products, medicines, alcohol, poisonous mushrooms And chemicals can occur in every family or group. The first thing to do in similar cases– seek medical help.
If it cannot be obtained immediately, first aid to a person with signs of poisoning is provided by close people. They must know what to do to reduce its consequences for the life and health of the affected person.
Vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of food poisoning
When poorly prepared or improperly stored food enters the body, food poisoning occurs. It may have infectious origin, when caused by waste products of viruses, protozoa and bacteria, and non-infectious origin, when poisons and chemical compounds get into food products.
Signs of food poisoning appear after a short time. These include:
- up to 39-40C.
- Loss of appetite, general malaise.
- Vomiting, profuse vomiting.
- Sharp, often spasmodic in nature.
- Dizziness, general weakness.
- Decreased blood pressure.
- Profuse salivation.
- Signs of dehydration.
- Visual impairment, hallucinations in severe cases.
- For complications: paralysis, paresis, loss of consciousness.
If provided in a timely manner medical care these manifestations gradually decrease. After three to four days, there is a significant improvement in the general condition. In severe cases, food poisoning can result in coma and death.
Food poisoning is especially dangerous for those whose bodies are weakened by chronic diseases, for children, pregnant women and the elderly.
Types of intestinal infection
- Salmonellosis - caused by salmonella, enters the body along with contaminated meat and eggs. Characteristic symptoms are fever, pain, etc.
- Dysentery - caused by Shigella, enters the body through unwashed hands. Amazes colon. Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, fever.
- Listeriosis - caused by listeria, enters the body through canned food, raw meat, and food. Symptoms are similar to those of the flu, complications are meningitis.
- Cholera - caused by Vibrio cholerae, comes from contaminated water, seafood and food. Amazes small intestine, symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, rapid dehydration.
- – enters the body with poorly processed foods. Symptoms: fever, high temperature.
It may take quite a long time before a person poisoned by poor-quality food receives medical attention. During this time period, it is necessary to take emergency measures in order to free the body from the source of poisoning, to prevent the rapid spread of toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, in the blood and in the nervous system.
Emergency measures in case of poisoning
Washing - help with poisoning
You should not take medications to stop diarrhea without consulting a doctor. - This is the body’s reaction to the action of toxins, so the intestines try to get rid of them. Uncontrolled use of antidiarrheals leads to the fact that toxins, remaining in the intestines, will begin to be actively absorbed into the blood through its walls, and will aggravate the already serious condition of the affected person.
- . To do this, you need to drink 2.5-3 liters of water in which soda or a weak solution of manganese is dissolved, induce vomiting until it appears in the vomit. clean water without any admixture of blood or mucus.
- using an Esmarch mug with a pink manganese solution or salt solution (1 tsp per liter of water).
- Take enterosorbents: , Enterosgel, .
- Replenish fluid loss by taking chamomile. To prevent dehydration, it is recommended to drink plenty of still water and green tea.
Prevention of food poisoning
Food products must be carefully processed and stored correctly, and not consumed after the expiration date. Observe hygiene rules when preparing and eating food, wash your hands. Do not purchase marinades, home-canned goods, or fish at spontaneous markets. Water must be boiled or passed through a filter before drinking.
You should not purchase or eat food with unpleasant smell, with different from familiar taste and odor, the appearance of turbidity, sediment, and gas bubbles in liquid products.
Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms
Clean water is an aid in case of poisoning
The insidiousness of this poisoning lies in the fact that symptoms may not appear immediately, but after a few days, when the consequences may be irreversible. You can also get poisoned by so-called conditionally edible mushrooms.
They are safe after proper processing, but can be poisonous in their raw form and in the form of pickles and marinades. Signs of mushroom poisoning may appear as early as 5-6 hours after poisoning. These are the symptoms:
- (up to 15 times a day)
- vomit
- excessive urination
- extreme thirst
- convulsions
- increased heart rate
- increased sweating
- hallucinations
- suffocation
- heavy salivation
All these signs can increase with alcohol consumption. If poisoning occurred with mushrooms such as thin pig, lines, false honey mushrooms, death cap, galerina, white fly agaric, after apparent relief, jaundice occurs. A poisoned person has a disorder that is incompatible with life.
If medical help is sought in a timely manner, almost all such poisonings can be successfully treated, with the exception of poisoning by toadstool, against the poison of which there are no adequate protective measures.
When poisoned by inedible species of spider webs, symptoms of poisoning may occur 5-14 days after the poison enters the body. The main blow in this type of mushroom poisoning falls on the kidneys, which stop functioning, after which death occurs. Symptoms of spider web poisoning:
- increased amount of urine produced
- vomit
- dry mouth
Poisoning with fly agaric species may result in hallucinations, delusions, and an altered state of consciousness bordering on insanity. First aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms:
- Induce vomiting by gastric lavage.
- Take enterosorbents (Carbolen, Enterosgel, White clay, Smecta).
- Lay the victim down, give him strong sweet tea, and apply a heating pad to his feet.
In order not to be at risk of poisoning from poisonous mushrooms, you should not collect or prepare mushrooms whose safety is in doubt. You cannot collect old mushrooms in whose bodies the process of protein decay has begun. Collected mushrooms must be processed immediately, otherwise they become unsuitable for food.
Alcohol poisoning
Vomiting is the first sign of poisoning
Distribution of surrogate, intemperance in use alcoholic drinks can easily lead to poisoning. Its complication can be death. Signs of poisoning may include:
- loss of consciousness
- cardiac dysfunction
- severe vomiting
- blindness due to damage to the optic nerve
- labored breathing
- increased heart rate
Emergency measures that can be applied to a person who has been poisoned by alcohol do not differ from those for any poisoning. It is necessary to reduce the concentration of alcohol in the stomach. To do this, induce vomiting, wash the stomach or use manganese in a weak concentration. Before the ambulance arrives, the victim is taken out into the fresh air and freed from tight clothing, a tie, and a scarf.
To alleviate the condition, you can apply it to his head. cold compress, ice You can put mustard plasters on the back of the head, calves, feet, let them sniff ammonia, and wipe the temples with it. To enhance the effect, give a solution of ammonia to drink in cold water(per glass of water – 10 drops ammonia). These measures should significantly improve the victim's condition.
What to do in case of alcohol and food poisoning? Video material will answer:
Drug poisoning
You can put an equal sign between the words “medicine” and “chemical”, and this will not be a mistake. Drug poisoning most often occurs with an overdose, when the dose is incorrectly calculated, or the instructions for use are not followed to accelerate the effect.
Self-medication is a very dangerous tactic, especially if it is used on children, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and chronically ill people. Depending on the pharmaceutical group to which the medicine belongs, the symptoms of poisoning and first aid will differ from each other. Groups of drugs and dangers of poisoning with them:
- Cardiovascular drugs - overdose can cause tachycardia, arrhythmia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, blurred vision, hallucinations. First aid is to induce vomiting by drinking about 1.5 liters of salted water.
- Antipyretics and painkillers - drowsiness, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest, respiratory activity. First aid - in addition to gastric lavage, you can take enterosorbents; in case of cardiac and respiratory arrest, immediately begin artificial respiration And indirect massage hearts.
- Barbiturates act on the nervous system. They can cause dry mouth, convulsions, tremors in the limbs, respiratory paralysis, and impaired coordination of movements. First aid is the same as above.
- Antihistamines - in the fight against allergy symptoms, a person may unknowingly increase the dose to quickly alleviate his condition. Symptoms of overdose are drowsiness, weakness, fainting, mental overexcitation, hallucinations. First aid is washing the stomach and intestines with an enema or saline. Even if the victim’s condition has improved after the measures taken, he must be shown to a doctor. It is advisable to save the medicine packaging to assess the extent of poisoning.
Features of first aid for poisoning in children
Drug poisoning is especially dangerous
For no one is poisoning as dangerous as for children. Along with vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration begins, which is very dangerous and can short term lead to severe consequences. Children's body weight is small, which means that the concentration of the toxic substance in their body is initially higher than in adults. The very first thing to do is.
Symptoms of poisoning in children are similar to those seen in adults, only they occur faster and are much more difficult for children to tolerate. While waiting for a doctor, you need to take emergency measures:
- Try to rinse the stomach and induce vomiting by drinking large amounts of boiled water with a weak solution of manganese.
- If you cannot induce vomiting, press on the root of the tongue with your finger or a teaspoon.
- Give the baby absorbents: Smecta, activated carbon (1 tablet per 10 kg of weight), Regidron to prevent dehydration.
- Lay the child on his side to avoid choking on vomit, cover with a blanket.
- Give plenty of fluids (sweet tea, water).
- If the temperature rises, do not take medications without consulting a doctor; you can wipe the child with a napkin soaked in water acidified with vinegar.
Urgent measures for poisoning in pregnant women
Poisoning is dangerous because of its complications, which are characteristic only of this condition:
- Dehydration can lead to thickening of the blood and, as a result, a risk of blood clots in the veins of the legs.
- A decrease in total blood volume from dehydration leads to the risk of miscarriage due to the accumulation of oxytocin.
- Diarrhea and vomiting deprive a woman’s body of the substances and minerals she needs.
- There is a danger of toxins penetrating the placental barrier.
All prescriptions for a pregnant woman are made only by the attending physician. The first measures emergency assistance It may be possible to take sorbents; it is safest to take Smecta. It is not recommended for pregnant women to lavage their stomach due to the risk of miscarriage.
Acute food poisoning requires as much early start treatment, since this determines how much of the toxin will have time to be absorbed into the blood and begin its destructive effect.
At the very first symptoms of food poisoning, you can help yourself, but still sensibly assess your condition - many food poisonings are life-threatening. Therefore, it is best to seek help from health workers, especially with young children.
General principles of treatment of food poisoning and differences from the treatment of intestinal infections
Mild food poisoning in general, especially those that often occur in everyday life, are not considered serious diseases. Even without treatment, such conditions resolve on their own within 1-3 days. Main areas of treatment:
- elimination of intoxication and rapid removal of toxins from the body;
- prevention);
- restoration of intestinal biocenosis;
- restoration of gastrointestinal tract activity through a gentle diet.
Fundamental difference in treatment intestinal infections- this is a frequently prescribed etiotropic treatment to destroy the causative agent of a disease that is actively reproducing in the body (antibiotics or antiviral drugs). In addition, treatment of intestinal infections (botulism, rotavirus, enterovirus, etc.) is a long process, often occurring only in a hospital setting.
First aid for food poisoning
The most early treatment in case of food poisoning, which actually plays the role of first aid to the victim, it is extremely important - because the sooner the fight against the incoming toxic substance begins, the sooner the body will cope with intoxication.
- Stomach cleansing
As a rule, the body itself gives a signal about the need to empty the stomach when a poor-quality product gets there. But natural vomiting is not enough to flush out the stomach as much as possible.
After the first attack of vomiting, you need to drink about half a liter warm water, can be salted, with the addition of potassium permanganate or soda (weak solution!). With the next attack of vomiting, the bulk of the food mass will be released, but rinsing, if possible, should be carried out before clean water is thrown out of the stomach.
Of course, you should not forcefully provoke vomiting if there is no urge to do so - probably, the spoiled product has already left the stomach and is in the intestines.
- Replacement of lost fluid
Diarrhea and vomiting are protective reactions of the body, but in addition to removing toxins, fluid is removed and lost, the volume of which must be replenished. At home, after each bowel movement or attack of vomiting, you need to take about 200 grams of liquid, but only in small sips: still mineral water, boiled water, glucose-saline solution (for 1 liter of boiled water, 3 tablespoons of sugar and 1 tsp. salt).
- Natural colon cleansing
The main mistake with diarrhea associated with food poisoning is trying to stop it by taking imodium and similar drugs. Diarrhea is the fastest and most massive removal of toxins from the body. Retention of feces in the intestines is equivalent to a blockage in the sewer, because the processes of rotting and absorption of toxic products will continue intensively. Question about appointment antidiarrheal drugs Only the doctor decides.
- Observance of hunger
Previously, at the peak of symptoms, it was recommended to abstain from eating food, especially since there is always no appetite during poisoning. The gastrointestinal tract does not function fully, so it is necessary to withstand therapeutic fasting during the first day of the disease. However, with Nowadays, starvation is not used in treatment, since the intestines and stomach must restore their epithelium, and without food this is impossible. Of course, if you don’t want to eat, then they don’t force feed you. But it is not recommended to specifically observe hunger, especially for children.
When is hospitalization necessary?
In most cases, symptoms of food poisoning can be managed at home.
Hospitalization is indicated for the following types of food poisoning:
- almost any food poisoning in a child under 3 years of age. Treatment of food poisoning in a young child is carried out only under supervision medical personnel, since vomiting and diarrhea quickly lead the body to a state of dehydration, which is very dangerous in childhood. In addition, it is difficult to force a small child to drink a large amount of liquid, but in a hospital setting it is possible intravenous administration rehydration solutions;
- food poisoning in pregnant and elderly patients;
- poisoning by mushrooms, poisonous plants, inedible liquids and compounds;
- severe food poisoning accompanied by:
- diarrhea more than 10 times a day;
- diarrhea mixed with blood;
- high temperature that persists during the second day of the disease;
- uncontrollable vomiting;
- severe increasing weakness;
- poisoning with increasing symptoms on days 2-3 of the disease.
Drug treatment of poisoning
At mild flow food poisoning, no specific treatment may be needed at all, the main thing is to drink more and follow a gentle diet. Let us remind you that only a doctor can adequately assess a person’s condition and determine the need and scope of treatment.
| Rehydration therapy (rehydrants) | When food poisoning is diagnosed, treatment with drugs from the group of rehydrants is the main one, since it leads to the restoration of electrolyte and water deficiency in the body. Therapy of this type can be oral and, in severe cases or when restoring fluid volume in young children, parenteral. Oral rehydration special solutions can be carried out at home, since their use is simple and straightforward; moreover, oral rehydrants should always be in a traveler’s first aid kit. | |
Oral rehydration preparations
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Preparations for parenteral rehydration
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| Sorption therapy (enterosorbents) | Action | Main drugs: |
| Drugs from this group help to quickly remove toxins through adsorption. Their use is justified during the period of absence of vomiting, as well as in the two-hour interval between taking other medications. Sorption therapy is not carried out at high temperatures, and is prescribed with caution to young children and elderly patients. |
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| Analgesic therapy (antispasmodics) | Data medicines shown with significant pain symptom accompanied by diarrhea, with painful urges to defecation. |
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| Antibacterial and antimicrobial therapy (antibiotics and antimicrobials) | These drugs are very rarely prescribed for food poisoning and are indicated for mixed poisoning. Unreasonable prescription of antibiotics and combined antimicrobial drugs aggravates the picture of dysbiosis that develops as a result of the disease. |
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| Antiemetic and antidiarrheal therapy | Because both vomiting and diarrhea are defensive reactions organism, then these, in this case, normal reactions the body should not be forced. In extreme cases, when vomiting and diarrhea become indomitable character, and the bulk of the toxin has already come out with vomit and feces, can be assigned: |
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| Antipyretic therapy (NSAIDs) | As a rule, in case of food poisoning, hyperthermia does not reach high numbers, but people who cannot tolerate elevated temperatures, as well as children, may be prescribed: |
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| Microflora restoration therapy (pro- and eubiotics) | After food poisoning, the normal intestinal biocenosis is almost always disrupted. Therefore, during the recovery period, drugs containing beneficial bacteria or their components: |
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Other Treatments for Food Poisoning
In case of severe poisoning, as well as in the absence of vomiting or to induce it in a hospital setting, gastric lavage is performed.
Using a probe, which is inserted into the oral cavity and carefully advanced into the stomach cavity, water is introduced and removed until the withdrawn liquid becomes clear. On average, an adult has to use about 10 liters of water to effectively lavage the stomach.
In the absence of diarrhea, with dangerous and severe poisoning A siphon enema is performed in the hospital.
Using a special hose and funnel, a liquid, the composition of which is determined by the doctor (can be water with potassium permanganate, sodium chlorine, etc.), is carefully introduced into the intestines through anus, then the funnel quickly goes down and the water comes out of the intestines. Rinsing is carried out to clean water, the volume of liquid consumed is also about 10 liters.
Traditional methods of treating food poisoning
Treatment of food poisoning with folk remedies is possible if it is mild and after prior consultation with a doctor.
- Cinnamon infusion
Cinnamon is considered a natural antispasmodic, as well as a natural sorbent. Pour half a teaspoon of ground cinnamon into a glass of boiling water and stir. The infusion is kept for 15 minutes and filtered. Take warm, throughout the day. The liquid is drunk in small sips, the daily volume is 1.5 liters.
- Marshmallow roots, flowers and leaves
A good remedy that shortens recovery time for food poisoning. The roots should be crushed and pour 1 teaspoon with 0.5 cup of boiling water, let it brew for 30 minutes, strain the infusion, add honey to taste, you can drink 1 tbsp. spoon 4 r/day. Marshmallow flowers and leaves - 2 tbsp. spoons pour 2 tbsp. boiling water, leave for 4 hours, drink as tea 3 times a day.
- Dill infusion with honey
Dill helps speed up the elimination of toxins and eases vomiting without stopping it. Honey retains potassium, which is also lost through vomiting and diarrhea. One teaspoon of dill seeds is poured into one and a half cups of boiling water and left for a couple of minutes. Then the infusion must be boiled for 2 minutes, strained and dissolved in the resulting volume of a teaspoon of honey.
Take during the day, the daily volume is 1 liter.
- Decoction of wormwood and yarrow
Wormwood and yarrow help cleanse the body of toxic substances. Mix one teaspoon of dry plants with 500 ml of boiling water and leave for 15 minutes. The resulting infusion, after filtering, is taken during the day, divided into 5 equal parts.
- Lemon juice
Squeeze the juice of 3 lemons, dilute with water and add sugar to taste. Drink the resulting juice in one gulp; lemon juice is believed to stop the growth of bacteria. This method is contraindicated for persons with and other gastrointestinal diseases, when acidic foods are contraindicated.
Nutrition during recovery
For several days after poisoning, you should not eat heavy or fatty foods; you should limit milk and any dairy products. Spicy foods and alcohol are also prohibited.
You should eat in small portions. Meat products should be prepared exclusively in a dietary manner and in crushed form. Good side dishes include boiled potatoes and rice.
Sufficient drinking regime during the recovery period is also important, since the body needs to replenish its lost volume. You can drink weak green tea, chamomile tea, slightly sweetened and warm.
Prevention of food poisoning
- Sufficient thermal processing of food
- Compliance temperature conditions food storage, compliance with expiration dates
- Eating only proven and edible mushrooms and plants
- Pre-boiling homemade milk, water from non-centralized sources
- Compliance with hygiene rules when preparing food (thorough washing of dishes, as well as fruits and vegetables), maintaining personal hygiene
When purchasing dairy products, you must check the integrity of the packaging
Don't eat unfamiliar foods
Meat and fish must be subjected to high-quality heat treatment
It is necessary to combat flies, cockroaches, mice - carriers of infections
Keep raw and prepared meat products separate in the refrigerator
Do not eat ready meals, which were stored for more than 3 days (even in the refrigerator)
Food poisoning– a non-contagious disease that occurs as a result of eating food containing harmful microorganisms or substances toxic to the human body.
Food poisoning is a collective concept, as it can be caused by a number of different reasons, but the mechanism of development of the disease, as well as its manifestation, are similar. All types of food poisoning are characterized by: general intoxication, inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, as well as frequent development of dehydration.
Types and classification of food poisoning
There are 2 main groups of food poisoning:
- Food poisoning microbial origin
- Toxic infections (Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. faecalis, etc.)
- Toxicoses
- Bacterial (toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Cl. botulinum.)
- Fungal (toxins produced by fungi Aspergilus, Fusarium, etc.)
- Mixed
- Food poisoning non-microbial origin
- Poisoning caused by poisonous plants and animal tissues:
- Plants that are poisonous by nature (henbane, belladonna, fly agaric, etc.)
- Animal tissues that are poisonous in nature (organs of fish - barbel, pufferfish, Marinka, etc.)
- Plant products, poisonous under certain conditions (green potatoes containing corned beef, raw beans, etc.)
- Products of animal origin that are poisonous under certain conditions (caviar, milk, liver of some fish during spawning - mackerel, burbot, pike, etc.)
- Poisoning due to chemical impurities (pesticides, nitrates, compounds introduced into the product from packaging materials, etc.)
- Food poisoning of unknown cause.
The main pathogens of food poisoning: Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. Faecalis, as well as little-studied Hafnia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiela, etc.
Toxicoses– an acute or chronic (in the case of fungal toxicosis) disease in which the development of the disease occurs due to the action of a toxin that has accumulated on food products. The pathogen itself enters the body in small quantities. For example, when cheese is aged for a long time, only staphylococcal toxin without a living microorganism can be preserved.
General mechanisms of food poisoning development
Food poisoning agents can produce toxins both in food and in the human body. Also, when the pathogen is destroyed, an additional portion of various toxic substances is released in the gastrointestinal tract. When toxins enter the human body, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is primarily affected, which is manifested by an inflammatory reaction and disruption of intestinal motor activity. This is accompanied by pain in the abdominal area, diarrhea and vomiting. After toxins begin to enter the blood, general intoxication of the body develops, which is accompanied by a number of characteristic symptoms ( headache, increased body temperature, increased heart rate, etc.).Symptoms and signs of food poisoning
The first symptoms of poisoning
How long does it take for poisoning to appear?Regardless of the factor that caused the poisoning, the manifestations of the disease are similar and can be divided into 3 main groups of symptoms:
- Symptoms of inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa (symptoms of gastroenterocolitis)
- Symptoms of intoxication
- Symptoms of dehydration
Symptoms of gastroenterocolitis 
Symptoms arise as a result of the damaging effects of microbes and their toxins on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. - Stomach ache
- Discomfort in the abdomen
- Nausea
- Vomit
Symptoms of intoxication
Intoxication occurs as a result of toxins entering the blood, which leads to various disorders in many organs and systems. Intoxication reflects the body's response to infection. The severity of the patient's condition is largely determined by the degree of intoxication. Main symptoms of intoxication:
- General weakness
- Chills
- Headache
- Increased body temperature
- Pain in muscles and joints
- Lethargy
- Nausea
- Vomit
| Symptoms | Degree of intoxication |
||
| Lightweight | Average | Heavy | |
| Weakness | Minor | Moderate | Pronounced |
| Chills | Insignificant | Expressed | Strongly expressed |
| Body temperature | Fine | Increased to 38 °C | More than 38°C or below 36°C |
| Pain in muscles and joints | No | Present in some cases | Present in a significant proportion of cases |
| Rapid breathing | No | Moderately expressed | Significantly expressed |
| Cardiopalmus | No | Moderately expressed | Significantly expressed |
| Lower blood pressure | No | Mildly or moderately expressed | Pronounced |
| Headache | No | Moderately expressed | Significantly expressed |
| Dizziness | No | Occasionally | Frequent |
| Lethargy | No | Weakly expressed | Clearly expressed |
| Convulsions | No | Sometimes | Characteristic, can be intense |
| Vomit | Up to 5 times a day | From 5-15 times | More than 15 times |
| Chair | Up to 10 times a day | From 10-20 times | More than 20 times |
Symptoms of dehydration
Symptoms of dehydration are caused by fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea. Main symptoms of dehydration:
- General weakness
- Thirst
- Dry mucous membranes
- Increased heart rate
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomit
- Diarrhea
- Decreased urine output
| Symptoms | Dehydration degree |
|||
| I | II | III | IV | |
| Fluid loss relative to body weight | Until 3% | 4-6% | 7-9% | 10% or more |
| Vomit | Up to 5 times a day | 6-10 times | 11-20 times | Multiple. Over 20 times |
| Loose stool | Up to 10 times | 11-20 times | Over 20 | Without an account, on your own |
| Thirst, dry mouth | Moderately expressed | Significantly expressed | Significantly expressed | Sharply expressed |
| Skin elasticity | Not changed | Reduced | Sharply reduced | Vivid expression |
| Voice change | No | Weakened | Hoarseness of voice | Absence |
| Convulsions | No | IN calf muscles, short-term | Long lasting and painful | Common seizures |
| Pulse | Not changed | Up to 100 beats per minute | 100-120 beats per minute | Very weak or undetectable |
| Arterial pressure | Not changed | Up to 100 mmHg | Up to 80 mmHg | Less than 80 mmHg. |
Factors indicating food poisoning:
- The onset of the disease is acute, sudden (from 30 minutes to 7 days, usually 2-6 hours)
- The disease develops simultaneously in a group of people
- As a rule, the course of the disease is short (3-5 days)
- A clear connection between the disease and the consumption of a certain dish or product
- Food poisoning is not transmitted from patient to healthy person, and this is their main difference from infectious diseases.
First of all, we should separately highlight diseases such as shigellosis and salmonellosis, which are essentially infectious diseases. However, they are often viewed as foodborne diseases. These diseases are somewhat more severe than banal food poisoning and require close attention, especially in treatment.
Dairy product poisoning
Poisoning with milk, kefir, butter, cheese, cottage cheese...Possible causative agents of the disease: Shigella Sonne, name of the disease shigellosis(“urban disease”, dysentery), staphylococcus, etc.
Shigella– a bacterium, shaped like a rod with a rounded end. They live on food in the soil for up to 5-14 days. Perish in the direct rays sunlight for 30 minutes, boiling instantly.
Cause:
- There are carriers of Shigella Zone infection who hide their illness and do not want to seek medical help if they do not comply sanitary rules food contamination occurs. Contamination of food products by patients occurs at various stages of collection, transportation and sale of these products.
- Insufficient disinfection or contamination of milk and dairy products directly at dairies and factories.
- Dairy products are an excellent nutrient substrate for bacterial growth.
- Sour cream, milk, cottage cheese, kefir, cream, and cheese come first as risk factors.
Symptoms of general intoxication:
- Onset is acute (1-7 days)
- General malaise
- Moderate headache
- Temperature is usually normal, rising to 38 °C or higher is rare
- Sudden loss of appetite
Symptoms of colitis (inflammation of the large intestine):
- Cramping pain, usually on the left side of the lower abdomen
- False urge to defecate(tenesmus)
- Frequent, scanty stools ( rectal spit) with a large amount of cloudy mucus and streaks of blood, often more than 10 times a day
- Shigella is isolated from stool
Poisoning with meat, chicken, eggs, protein poisoning
Frequent pathogen Salmonella diseases, causing the so-called salmonellosis.Salmonella- rod-shaped bacterium with rounded edges, mobile - has flagella over its entire surface.
Salmonella can survive in meat for up to 6 months, in frozen meat for more than six months, in eggs for up to 1 year or more, on eggshells for up to 24 days. In the refrigerator, being in meat, salmonella not only survive, but are also able to multiply (at low temperatures above zero). Salmonella at 70 °C dies within 5-10 minutes, but in the thickness of a piece of meat it can withstand boiling for several hours.
Symptoms of poisoning:
Type of patient:
- Pallor, possible bluishness of the extremities
- Onset is acute or acute (from 2 hours to 72 hours)
- General malaise
- Headache
- temperature rise to 38°C or higher
- Sudden loss of appetite
- In severe cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions
- Cramping pain, mainly above and around the navel
- The stool is copious, watery, up to 10 times a day, greenish or dark brown in color, foul-smelling, sometimes looks like “swamp mud.”
- There is no blood in the stool.
- Salmonella is isolated from vomit and feces. In the common form, from blood and urine.
Confectionery poisoning
Poisoning is mainly caused not by the microorganism itself, but by the toxin it produces. Most often, staphylococcus gets into food products from people suffering from various purulent diseases(furunculosis, festering wounds, tonsillitis, sinusitis). Staphylococcus multiplies well in dairy products, especially in confectionery creams, etc. During their life, staphylococci release a special type of toxin - enterotoxin, which causes poisoning. Enterotoxin does not change the taste or smell of food. The toxin is resistant to heat and can withstand heating up to 100 C for 1-2 hours.
Symptoms and distinctive features of staphylococcal toxin poisoning:
- Rapid onset of illness (30-60 minutes after eating contaminated food)
- Nausea, most common symptom
- Uncontrollable vomiting
- Strong cutting pain in the stomach, above the navel
- Body temperature is normal or low, rarely rises to 38-39 C, lasts several hours.
- Lethargy
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea in 50% of cases, no more than 2-5 bowel movements per day, duration 1-3 days
- There are no blood or mucus in the stool
- High likelihood of development, seizures and loss of consciousness
Fish poisoning
If after visiting a sushi bar you feel general malaise, nausea, stomach pain and diarrhea, it looks like you have been poisoned. The most common causative agents of poisoning in sushi bars are 1) bacteria from the group coli(E.Coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter), 2) Staphylococcus aureus 3) proteas, etc. Usually such bacteria get into food if basic rules are not followed hygiene rules and improper storage. In this case, the classic development of food poisoning occurs. Symptoms: general weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. However, there are fish poisonings that become poisonous on their own under certain conditions. For example, during spawning, milk, liver and caviar of fish such as pike, perch, burbot, barbel, and beluga become poisonous, causing severe poisoning.
Poisonings that occur as an allergic reaction also occur. After eating fish, symptoms such as redness of the skin, itching, swelling of the face, burning in the mouth, headache, nausea, diarrhea may occur. This manifestation of poisoning is explained by the high content of substances in fish, causing symptoms allergies, such as histamine, etc. After the action of histamine ends, all symptoms disappear without a trace, after about 7-8 hours. But for your own safety, it is better to take antiallergic drugs (suprastin, cetirizine, etc.) and consult a doctor, because the development of a true allergic reaction to fish components cannot be ruled out.
Be careful when choosing fish
- It is strictly forbidden to eat fish that has lost its scales, has a swollen belly, or has cloudy eyes.
- Fish is stored at 1 °C
- You should not defrost fish unless you have decided what you will cook. After defrosting, fish very quickly begins to deteriorate and release dangerous toxins.
Mushroom poisoning
Among the poisonings plant poisons Mushroom poisoning occupies a leading place.There are more than 70 species in Russia poisonous mushrooms, of which 20 are highly toxic. Throughout the year, cases of mushroom poisoning occur in every 5th Russian family. The number of victims increases during the so-called “mushroom season” from May to November. At this time, severe, sometimes mass poisonings of people occur, many of which result in death. No one is safe from poisoning; sometimes even the most experienced mushroom pickers encounter this problem.
Read more about mushroom poisoning in the article: Mushroom poisoning
Canned food poisoning botulism
Botulism– severe, potentially fatal infection caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin. It is characterized by damage to the nervous system with impaired vision, swallowing, speech and progressive respiratory depression.Read more about canned food poisoning in the article: Botulism
Emergency care for poisoning
| Do I need to call an ambulance? |
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| Not really | Why and in what cases? |
| Yes need! |
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Treatment of poisoning at home
The main task in the treatment of food poisoning is the removal of toxins from the body and restoration of water-mineral balance.Since the causes of the described condition can be very different - food poisoning, botulism, salmonellosis, and rotavirus infection, remember the main rule: no antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription! The best thing you can do in the condition described above without a doctor's prescription is to take a sorbent.
Since 2011, Russia has had treatment standards according to infectious diseases in children from birth. According to them, the drug of choice is the enterosorbent PEPIDOL.
Once in the intestines, it works selectively - it kills harmful microbes, but does not touch beneficial ones. Its composition is an aqueous solution of pectin, 3% for children and 5% for adults. As a result of application, the condition usually normalizes within 24 hours.
Dosage schedule: every three hours (4 times a day) age dosage, until the condition is completely normalized.
| What to do? | How? | For what? |
Perform gastric lavage  | See Gastric lavage | Quick removal from the body remains of contaminated food, microorganisms and their toxins. Gastric lavage is most effective if performed for the first time hours after poisoning. |
Cleanse the intestines if there is no diarrhea.  | Take a laxative or do an enema. Saline laxatives:
| Diarrhea – natural process cleansing the body of harmful substances Therefore, you should give the body some time to remove everything unnecessary on its own. And you should not interfere with it, namely, immediately take antidiarrheal drugs. |
| Replenish fluid and minerals, lost with vomiting and diarrhea. | Fluid replacement is carried out depending on the degree of dehydration 2 ways to replenish fluid: 1. Orally (Per os) for patients with mild to moderate poisoning. Special solutions are used:
Dissolve 1 packet in 1 liter of boiled water (temperature 37-40 C). You should drink in small sips, 1 glass (200 ml) for 10 minutes. For best effectiveness, you should drink 1-1.5 liters in 1 hour. The first stage of fluid replenishment lasts 1.5-3 hours, in 80% of cases it is enough to normalize the condition. However, if losses continue, correction is carried out within another 2-3 days (stage II). At the first stage of treatment, the required fluid is calculated based on the degree of dehydration and the patient’s weight: I degree 30-40 ml/kg II-III degree 40-70 ml/kg At the second stage of treatment, the required volume of fluid is determined based on the volume of fluid lost with vomiting and diarrhea in the next day. 2. Intravenous infusion:
Severe degree - 60-120 ml/kg, 70-90 ml/min Moderate degree– 55-75 ml/kg, 60-80 ml/min | Timely replenishment of lost fluid and minerals quickly normalizes general state, accelerates the removal of toxins from the body, prevents severe metabolic disorders. Contraindications for the use of oral solutions:
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| In most cases, the above actions are quite enough to improve your general condition and ensure a speedy recovery. However, with accompanying chronic diseases(chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.) treatment must be supplemented with some other drugs. | ||
| Take enterosorbent - a drug that binds toxins.  |
| The drugs bind microbes and their toxins. Reduce symptoms of intoxication, improve general condition, speed up recovery. |
| Reduce painful sensations |
| The drugs relieve spasms that occur during poisoning, thereby eliminating pain. |
| Protect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines | Take astringents and enveloping agents:
| Protects the mucous membrane from irritation and damage, helps reduce pain. |
| Take an antiseptic (for severe diarrhea) |
| Has a detrimental effect on the causative agent of the disease. It has antimicrobial, antifungal and antiprotozoal effects. |
Take enzymes  |
| As an adjuvant therapy, given possible violations secretion of the digestive glands and insufficient secretion of digestive enzymes. |
Restore intestinal microflora  |
You can also use other eubiotics: bactisubtil (1 capsule, 3-6 times a day, before meals), linex (2 capsules, 3 times a day), bifidumbacterin forte | Normaze - lactulose included in the drug, promotes the growth of healthy microflora, thereby preventing the development of putrefactive ones. Biococktail is an ecological, clean food product that normalizes intestinal microflora, binds, neutralizes and removes toxins from the body. |
| Specific treatment food poisoning caused Shigella: Antibacterial drugs:
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Some features of the treatment of poisoning caused by salmonella:
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Poisoning, treatment with folk remedies
- Bath or sauna will help actively remove toxins from the body.
- Dill decoction with honey. For 200 ml of water 1 tsp. dry herbs or 1 tbsp. fresh greens. Boil for 20 minutes over low heat, cool, add boiled water to the initial volume, then add 1 tbsp. l. honey. It is recommended to drink the decoction 30 minutes before. before meals 100 ml . Dill has an analgesic effect, relieves spasms, accelerates the elimination of toxins due to increased urination. Normalizes work digestive tract. Honey relieves inflammation, has bactericidal properties, binds toxins, contains healing composition vitamins and minerals.
- Marshmallow infusion. 1 tbsp. chopped marshmallow root, pour 200 ml of boiling water, close the lid and leave for 30 minutes. Strain, drink 1 tbsp. before meals 4-5 times a day.
- Ginger tea. Pour 1 tsp. ground ginger 200 ml boiling water, leave for 20 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon every 30 – 60 minutes. Ginger actively binds toxins and promotes their elimination. Possesses antibacterial properties, eliminates spasms, strengthens the body's immune mechanisms.
- Water with lemon juice, tea from rosehip, rowan. Drinks contain large amounts of vitamin C, which is involved in the processes of neutralization and removal of toxins. In addition, other vitamins and minerals found in drinks well replenish micro and macroelements lost through vomiting and diarrhea.
- During the day, instead of food, it is recommended to consume decoctions of rice and flaxseed. Prepare rice water: 1 part rice to 7 parts water, boil for 10 minutes, take 6 times a day, 1/3 cup.
Diet for poisoning, what can you eat?
Patients are prescribed a gentle diet. Food that can have a mechanical or chemical effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines (smoked meats, canned food, hot and spicy dishes, milk, raw vegetables and fruits) is excluded from the diet. For the first days of illness, diet No. 4 is recommended, then as diarrhea stops, diet No. 2 is prescribed, after which they switch to diet No. 13. Diet No. 4
A diet with limited fat and carbohydrates and normal protein content. Products that have a mechanical and chemical effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa (milk, sweets, legumes), products that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, as well as products that stimulate gastric secretion and bile secretion (sauces, spices, snacks) are excluded.
- Free liquid 1.5-2 liters
- Energy value – 2100 kcal
- Diet 5-6 times a day
- Dishes are pureed, boiled or steamed.
- Recommended: soups, non-concentrated broths, boiled lean fish, water porridge (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), mashed potatoes, jelly, cottage cheese, dried White bread, cookies, tea, rosehip infusions, blueberry jelly.
- Exclude: bakery and flour products, milk and dairy products, legumes, fruits and vegetables, sweets, fatty varieties meat, fish, canned food, soups with cereals and vegetables.
Poisoning prevention
- Correctly determine the suitability of a product for consumption; refuse “suspicious” products, especially if:
- Product has expired or is about to expire
- The seal of the packaging is broken
- The smell, taste, color of the product has changed
- Uncharacteristic consistency of the product (heterogeneous, layered)
- The appearance of bubbles when stirring, sediment at the bottom, lack of transparency, etc.
- Don't experiment with eating raw eggs
- It is better to refrain from snacking on the go from stalls
- During this time, put food in the refrigerator.
- You should not defrost food in the place where you will cook it later.
- It is good to heat-treat foods, especially meat, fish, eggs. You cannot marinate foods at room temperature.
- Protect products from contact with insects, rodents and other animals that may be carriers of harmful microorganisms.
- Wash your hands thoroughly before eating. Wash for at least 20-30 seconds with soap, preferably under warm water.
- Keep kitchen utensils clean. Kitchen surfaces should be wiped down both before and after cooking.
- Be sure to wash vegetables and fruits well before eating.
Food intoxication (poisoning) is an acute disorder of the digestive system that occurs due to the ingestion of toxins into the body. of various origins. Let's consider the most common causes of intoxication and first aid measures for poisoning at home.
If the patient's condition is satisfactory and there are no serious indications for calling a doctor, treatment can begin. It consists of the following steps:
Let's look at each stage of treatment in more detail.
Cleansing the body and removing toxins
The first thing to do to combat intoxication is to rinse the patient’s stomach. The sooner this procedure is carried out, the better, because while the poisoned food has not yet been completely absorbed into the bloodstream, there is a chance to bring it out most poisonous substance. The fact that the patient vomited several times is not a solution to the problem. Special washing is required, according to a certain method.
- Preparation of the solution - the solution can be made on the basis of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) or soda (in the absence of the first, since it is more preferable). Potassium permanganate should give a light pink, pale solution, and the washing liquid from soda is prepared in the ratio of 2 teaspoons per two liters of warm boiled water.
- At one time, the patient should drink at least 500 ml of liquid in large sips. After this, it is necessary to induce a gag reflex by pressing with two fingers on the root of the tongue.
- This procedure must be repeated until the liquid coming out of the stomach is clear and free of food particles.
Important! During poisoning, you should not take anti-diarrhea medications (without special prescription from a specialist), because they delay the release of toxins along with feces. This can significantly affect the patient’s condition - it will worsen, because unresolved toxins will be absorbed into the blood.
Thorough gastric lavage in the first hours of symptoms of poisoning will help significantly speed up the patient’s recovery. Instead of 3 - 5 days, he will be ill for only 1 - 3 days.
Sorbents
Sorbents are preparations with a sponge-like structure that absorb toxins and their release products. They are indispensable in the treatment of intoxication and should be used from the first hours of poisoning.
Activated carbon is the most famous and inexpensive sorbent
If after gastric lavage the nausea does not subside and gag reflexes still torment the patient, then before taking adsorbents it is necessary to take antiemetic drugs such as Metoclopramide, Cerucal, Motilium. They will relieve tension in the vomiting center and eliminate unwanted urges for a while.
"Cerucal" is one of the most effective antiemetic drugs
After the drug has taken effect, you can proceed to taking the sorbent. Here sample list medicinal substances this group and method of application:
| Mode of application | Contraindications | |
|---|---|---|
| Activated carbon is used based on the calculation: per 10 kg of human weight - 1 tablet of coal. For example: if a person weighs 60 kg, then he needs to take 6 tablets at a time. If the kilogram count is uneven, round up. The drug is used once a day for 5 to 10 days. | Stomach ulcer and duodenum, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. | |
"White coal" | Analogue activated carbon with greater concentration. One dose will require not 6 - 7 tablets, but only 2 - 3. It is also taken once a day. | Gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. |
| One sachet of the drug is diluted in half a glass of water and taken up to 5 times a day. Effectively eliminates not only poisoning, but also provides therapeutic effect for ulcers and other gastrointestinal lesions. | Constipation, intestinal obstruction, glucose and fructose intolerance, allergic reactions to the components of the drug. | |
"Enterosgel" | Use 1 tablespoon three times a day. The drug is available in the form of a thick suspension in a tube - conveniently dosed. Use for children - strictly in relation to the dose prescribed by the doctor. | Intolerance to the components of the drug, intestinal atony. |
"Lactofiltrum" | Take 2-3 tablets 3 times a day. Use for children - as prescribed by a specialist. | Gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, allergic reactions to the components of the drug, galactosemia. |
Advice. Unlike other drugs, sorbents can be taken without a doctor’s prescription; they carry virtually no side effects and have few contraindications. As for children, it is better to consult a specialist.
Dehydration therapy
The biggest danger to the human body during intoxication is dehydration. Repeated vomiting and diarrhea remove fluid from the body, thicken the blood and prevent the full passage of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. To prevent dehydration, you need to drink as much as possible. The following liquids are recommended:
- salt solution (1 teaspoon of table salt per liter of water);
- a solution that restores electrolyte balance - for 1 liter of water, 1 teaspoon of salt, soda and sugar;
- rosehip decoction;
- still mineral water;
- weak green and black tea with sugar (if the patient has no appetite);
- simple boiled water.
Important! At acute phase Intoxication requires drinking at least two liters of fluid per day.
There are also medications, which restore water and electrolyte balance. They are diluted based on the proportion per 1 liter of water - 1 sachet of the drug. The most common: “Regidron”, “Oralit”, etc. No more than one package of the medicinal substance should be consumed per day.
"Regidron"
Antipyretic drugs
If the intoxication is of viral origin, it will be accompanied by an increase in temperature. It is better not to lower the temperature to 38.5 degrees - this is the body’s natural reaction to the virus, and the key to a successful and quick recovery. If the numbers rise above 38.5° C, then it is advisable to start using antipyretic drugs, such as:
- Ibuprofen (200 mg, for adults - 400 mg);
- "Nurofen" (syrup);
- “Paracetamol” (if there is no stomach ulcer), etc.
Probiotics
After acute period Intoxication has come to an end, care must be taken to restore the gastrointestinal mucosa, as well as the intestinal microflora. For this purpose, a special therapeutic diet(more on this below) and taking probiotics. Probiotics are medications that contain dried (or otherwise preserved) microorganisms that form the human intestinal microflora. Their intake improves the natural environment of the body and promotes speedy recovery stool and general well-being.
The most commonly used probiotics are:
- "Enterol";
- "Linex";
- "Probiologist";
- "Hilak Forte" and others.
The drug "Hilak Forte" is very effective in acute diarrhea, which usually accompanies food poisoning and intestinal infections
Drugs that act on the pathogen of intoxication
As mentioned above, pathogens of intoxication can be of different nature: viral, bacterial, etc. Depending on this factor, different drugs will be prescribed:
Attention! Drugs of all these groups should be taken exclusively as prescribed by a specialist, otherwise undesirable consequences may develop.
Therapeutic diet
During the period of poisoning, a person rarely has a good appetite, but the body cannot be left without energy. If the food does not “go” at all, then you can give sweet tea. Glucose will initially fill the lack of energy for the body to fight the disease. If the patient does not refuse food, then it is worth eating food that is exclusively neutral and soft for the stomach.
List of products indicated for use during intoxication:
- jelly;
- porridge with water (semolina, rice);
- chicken meat and broths;
- biscuits, wheat bread;
- liquid soups;
- mashed potatoes with water (liquid consistency);
- bananas.
- spicy;
- salty;
- smoked;
- roast;
- fruits and vegetables (provoke intestinal irritation and flatulence);
- fresh bread and bakery products;
- legumes;
- juices;
- coffee;
- carbonated drinks.
Interesting! Compliance with the diet is necessary for one week. During this time, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines will be completely restored and you can switch to a normal diet.
Meals during intoxication should be fractional. It is advisable to give the patient food in small portions 5 to 6 times a day.
Folk remedies
Among the means traditional medicine In case of poisoning, the following are most often used:
- Oak bark decoction– prepared at the rate of 1 tablespoon of crushed raw materials per glass of water. Simmer over low heat for 15 minutes. Taken diluted three times a day. Oak bark has strengthening properties: it restores mucous membranes and normalizes stool.
- Vodka with salt– the mechanism of action of this drug has not been studied; it is used for poisoning accompanied by diarrhea. Works instantly.
- Black peppercorns– taken orally with a small amount of water. 1 pea per 10 kg of weight. An effective remedy from diarrhea.
One of the most accessible and effective ways to treat diarrhea due to food poisoning is to swallow a few black peppercorns.
- Marshmallow root infusion– has an astringent and enveloping effect, restores damaged and inflamed mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. 1-2 teaspoons of raw material is poured cold water and infuses for 3 – 4 hours. Drink the solution warm, 3-4 times a day.
Application of any folk remedy must be previously discussed with a doctor.
In what cases is it necessary to call a doctor in case of poisoning?
Any poisoning is dangerous due to dehydration of the body (except for poisoning with poisons and chemical toxins - they have a different mechanism of influence on vital processes, and a person most often dies due to failure of organs and systems), and this is the cause fatal outcome, failure to provide timely assistance to the patient.
Calling a doctor is required in the following cases:
- if a child under 4 years of age has been poisoned (the child’s body is very sensitive to dehydration and the process can become irreversible within a few days). In a hospital setting, the baby will be given drips with salt solutions - they will quickly bring him to normal condition and will help you cope with intoxication in a matter of days;
- if vomiting is continuous and cannot be controlled with antiemetic drugs (there is also a risk of excessive fluid loss);
- if a pregnant or nursing woman has been poisoned;
- if poisoning is caused by chemical toxins and poisons (you can navigate by the symptoms);
- at a temperature of 40 degrees;
High temperature during poisoning is a dangerous symptom
- if an elderly person has been poisoned;
- upon loss of consciousness.
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Poisoning is a painful condition of the body caused by some toxic substance. This substance can enter the body through gastrointestinal tract, by breathing or by injection. There are food poisonings, household poisonings, drugs or chemicals.
The most common food poisoning occurs when low-quality food enters the stomach and is absorbed into the blood, poisoning the body. Food poisoning is very common in the summer or autumn, when the active season for picking berries, mushrooms, and herbs begins.
In addition, food spoils faster in summer. It is very easy to get poisoned with low-quality, expired food. On the eve of the coming summer, we will talk to you about what medications to take in case of poisoning, if this does happen.
Drugs that correct water-salt metabolism
The main danger of poisoning from poor-quality food is dehydration. Frequent diarrhea, vomiting is promoted. Therefore, to alleviate the patient’s condition, the lost must be restored. To do this, use a drug that is easy to purchase at any pharmacy. It contains sodium and potassium salts.
This product restores water-salt balance body, prevents the development of acidosis (increased acidity of the internal environment). Sold in powder form, which should be dissolved in 1 liter. boiled water. The resulting solution should be drunk in small sips. Treatment is carried out until the diarrhea ends, usually no more than 3-4 days.
Preparations - adsorbents
These medications are necessary for poisoning. They bind and adsorb toxins and toxic substances that enter the body. Usually they use , and .
Activated carbon. The simplest, most inexpensive remedy is. It effectively adsorbs gases, toxins from low-quality animal products, plant origin, has a destructive effect on infectious agents. In case of poisoning, take 10-20 tablets once, then every 2-3 hours, but in smaller quantities. Gastric lavage is also performed with an activated carbon solution.
Smecta. This is a drug of natural origin that has an adsorbing effect. Perfectly coats the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, thus relieving painful symptoms. The medicine is taken for stomach pain, intestinal colic, indigestion, loose stools. The sachet is dissolved in 0.5 cups of boiled water, and the solution is drunk 3-4 times a day.
Enterosgel. The drug is based on natural organic silicon, which effectively adsorbs any toxic substances found in the intestines. The drug can be bought at a pharmacy. It can be presented in the form of a paste or gel, from which a suspension is prepared for internal use.
In addition to the adsorbing effect, it has an enveloping, detoxifying effect, stopping diarrhea. It removes poisons and toxins from the body, improves the function of the intestines, liver, and kidneys. It has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the hematopoietic and immune systems. Take the medicine according to the instructions.
Medicines - antispasmodics
To eliminate painful spasms of the smooth muscles of the stomach and intestines, medications - antispasmodics - are used. The main such tool is the well-known one. The medicine effectively eliminates spasms, relieves debilitating attacks of pain in the stomach and intestines, which are observed during poisoning.
The drug is taken two tablets 2 - 3 times a day.
Enzyme preparations
Due to the fact that food poisoning negatively affects all functions of the digestive tract, enzyme preparations are used. They restore and normalize the digestion process. For this purpose, they take, for example,. It contains enzymes that help the body process proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Take 1-2 tablets with meals.
Preparations - probiotics
Any food poisoning has a detrimental effect on the beneficial intestinal microflora, which facilitates the digestion of food. Therefore, the victim is recommended to take medications - probiotics containing such microorganisms. Such means include, in particular. They are taken in courses, according to the instructions for use.
After all symptoms of poisoning have disappeared and the course of medication has been completed, you should continue to follow a gentle diet for some time, based on liquid, puree foods with the exception of dairy, fish, meat products. This is necessary to restore normal function of the digestive organs.
If the poisoning is very serious, accompanied by incessant vomiting, fever, aching joints, you should artificially induce vomiting and call a doctor and seek help at the hospital. Poisoning can be caused not only by poor-quality food, but also by various chemicals and poisons. In this case, there is no way to do without the help of a doctor. Be careful about your diet, eat only fresh, quality food and be healthy!
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