home Audience 12 The first signs of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and emergency care. Mushroom poisoning symptoms, treatment, prevention

The first signs of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and emergency care. Mushroom poisoning symptoms, treatment, prevention

Mushroom season is a time when you can not only collect a lot of mushrooms for delicious dish, but also just take a walk in the forest and breathe fresh air. But during such walks you need to be extremely careful, because mushrooms are no less dangerous than the animals we are trying to avoid meeting. In the absence of experience and knowledge, the likelihood of confusing edible mushrooms with poisonous ones increases, the consumption of which can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, it is important to understand the varieties and distinctive features inedible species, as well as know how long it takes for symptoms of mushroom poisoning to appear and how to prevent death.

Which mushrooms are the most poisonous to humans?

When going for mushrooms, it is important to know which mushrooms can be collected and used for cooking, and which ones are best avoided. To do this, we suggest analyzing several of the most dangerous species and finding out which toxins pose an immediate threat.

pale toadstool is a mushroom that is considered one of the most poisonous on our territory. It contains substances that immediately penetrate into the blood and affect internal organs, especially the liver. Chemical composition Mostly represented by toxins such as phalloidin, amanitin and falloin, which is the most quickly effective of all of the above. The mushroom grows from August to late autumn days, but becomes most dangerous during drought;
toadstool, stinking and panther fly agaric - species that grow from the end summer period and until mid-autumn. They contain muscimol, muscazone, hyoscyamine and other substances, the strength of the poison of which primarily affects the nervous system;
red fly agaric is a species that is known not only for its appearance, but also due to the presence of such a dangerous toxin as muscarine. Although it also contains other toxins, their proportions are so small that they rarely lead to fatal outcome. However, the amount of poison is sufficient to cause all characteristic symptoms that appear during such intoxication;
reddish and whitish - mushrooms that can be found in northern forests, especially in the temperate zone from mid-July until the end of November. Interesting fact is that this mushroom also has such a toxic substance as muscarine, but unlike the red fly agaric, the talker contains much more of it. In case of poisoning, the main blow is taken by the nervous and cardiovascular systems, which are fully restored after recovery;
lookalikes of the porcini mushroom that cause severe upset Gastrointestinal tract. They are represented by two types, such as gall and satanic mushrooms, the difference of which mainly lies in the fact that the second is more toxic and more often causes poisoning when consumed;
lines, which in appearance are often confused with morels, which leads to intoxication. This mushroom is dangerous both raw and dried, and therefore its use for cooking is strictly prohibited.

In case of intoxication, it is important to react in time and provide the victim with necessary help, but sometimes this is not so easy to do. Because of specific features of one type or another, sometimes some problems may arise in determining the cause feeling unwell, because symptoms do not appear immediately. In order to avoid getting into such a situation, you should study the picture of poisoning when consuming different poisonous mushrooms.

Signs of poisoning by toadstool and when they appear

Pale toadstool is a gray or olive-colored mushroom with a volva, which is located at the very bottom of the stem and serves important feature in order to distinguish from similar edible species. Toadstool by external signs can be confused with greenfinches, russula.

The mushroom is so toxic that consuming 30-35 grams leads to death in children and severe intoxication in adults, who will need 80 to 100 grams to be fatal.

In addition to existing usual symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, dizziness, specific symptoms poisoning can be considered:

conduction disorder optic nerve(the picture before your eyes becomes blurry, blurry);
urination is reduced to a minimum or completely absent;
the eyeballs and mouth become yellow;
pain in the right hypochondrium;
the extremities become cold and the pulse slows.

Signs of mushroom poisoning, how long does it take for them to appear in this case? When intoxicated, symptoms do not appear immediately, which makes it much more difficult to determine the cause of poor health. The first signs appear after 38-40 hours with the onset of the second period, during which all the characteristic symptoms fully manifest themselves.

How long does it take for mushroom poisoning - fly agarics?

Amanita mushrooms are mushrooms that can be presented in either red or white, depending on the type, and therefore you can easily make a mistake when collecting them. A distinctive feature of the toadstool fly agaric is the cap of white or yellow color, as well as a shaggy leg on which small hairs grow from bottom to top. The stinking fly agaric is distinguished by its specific smell and a bare stem, which gives the mushroom an unattractive appearance.

Symptoms of poisoning appear 1-2 hours after eating, which helps to quickly determine the source of intoxication. They manifest themselves in the following special characteristics:

heavy salivation;
slow heartbeat and increased heart rate;
the temperature does not rise, as with ordinary poisoning, but drops below 36.6;
visual hallucinations, delusions;
drowsiness and complete apathy, indifference to the outside world.

Symptoms and features of intoxication with talkers

Govorushki are mushrooms that have a light concave cap and a thin stem. In addition, talkers also have spore powder, creamy or white. In case of poisoning, a special one is used - atropine, which weakens the symptoms when administered in a timely manner.

REMEMBER! The use of any drugs or the administration of medications should only be carried out according to a medical prescription, since self-medication can lead to the most unexpected consequences.

How long does it take for mushroom poisoning to appear? Signs of poisoning become noticeable within half an hour after the mushrooms are ingested, and are characterized by the following symptoms:

profuse production of tears and severe sweating;
the pressure drops and breathing becomes intermittent;
sudden changes in heart rate;
the appearance of red spots on the skin of the face;
constriction of the pupil to a minimum size;
disorientation (loss in space).

With prompt first aid and proper treatment, poisoning rarely results in death. Moreover, after a week the human body almost completely recovers from intoxication.

Signs of mushroom poisoning, how long does it take for them to appear in other cases?

Boletus twins are bitter in taste and also have a specific odor. The stem of the gall mushroom is covered with a dark-colored mesh, while that of the satanic mushroom is covered with a red pattern. You should not believe sources that indicate that when cooked, the toxins of the mushrooms evaporate, and the mushrooms themselves become safe for humans; this is not the case.

The first symptoms of intoxication appear after a few hours and are very similar to ordinary food poisoning. These mushrooms have unpredictable consequences that may appear a little later:

sudden changes in mood;
visual hallucinations, visions;
loss of self-control and severe agitation; increased aggressiveness;
Sopor, which can last up to 3 days).

Last but not least dangerous looking, are lines that contain a substance such as gyromitrin. The toxic properties of this mushroom disappear only after 6 months of drying and prolonged cooking. Poisoning can be detected both after a few hours and after a day, depending on the number of mushrooms eaten and the dose of poison received. Symptoms of such poisoning most often include disorders of blood clotting and cell damage. internal organs, especially the liver.

IMPORTANT! Do not think that the remedies offered on the Internet will help make mushrooms less poisonous or even safe, because this is not the case. Don't risk your health and life in vain!

What are the consequences of mushroom poisoning?

Many people are mistaken in thinking that poisoning from poisonous mushrooms will go away on its own, just like food poisoning. In order for some improvements to occur, it is not enough just to drink Activated carbon and rinse the stomach. Most often, specialized health care.

The consequences of such intoxication can be very serious:

Toadstool and some types of fly agaric cause death in 50-90% of cases;
If first aid is delayed or incorrect, poisoning is fatal in 50-60% of cases;
In case of serious poisoning, cells are destroyed and internal organs cease to function. The kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and liver are especially affected.

REMEMBER! The main reason for intoxication with poisonous mushrooms is neglect of safety rules and lack of special knowledge about distinctive features different types. Therefore, before going into the forest, you should familiarize yourself with this information.

By the way, you should always remember that timely first and medical aid is additional guarantee that a person will not only avoid death, but also recover quickly.

Sometimes, even experienced mushroom pickers make mistakes, which leads to unpleasant and dangerous consequences, but we’re not talking about amateurs at all. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of such negative factors, we suggest you always follow these tips:

Take only those mushrooms whose names and properties you know. If you have even the slightest doubt, do not spare the collected mushrooms and throw away the entire batch.
Avoid picking mushrooms that look old, crumbly, or wormy, as they may accumulate harmful substances that can render even edible species poisonous.
You should not taste mushrooms raw. They must be tempered before use. heat treatment or just dry it.
Before picking, examine each mushroom from the stem to the cap. Since poisonous mushrooms are often characterized by the presence bright colors, rings and volva, which is located near the ground and can be invisible in dense vegetation.
Go to the forest not with a bag, but with a wicker basket.
Collect only in areas where the species grows naturally (forests). Never take mushrooms found near factories or businesses, near roads and highways, or in areas contaminated with radiation.
Do not store harvested mushrooms raw for a long time.

By observing these simple tips, you can minimize the risks of poisoning from poisonous mushrooms, as well as protect yourself from intoxication by edible species. Remember that it is up to you whether the foods you eat are safe!

According to statistics, of the 3 thousand mushrooms known in our time, only 400 species are suitable for consumption, the rest are inedible and can cause severe intoxication if they enter the human body. Unfortunately, recently cases of poisoning from mushrooms purchased in supermarkets have been increasingly recorded. Improper storage and preparation of mushrooms can lead to serious health problems. Even edible mushrooms can be dangerous due to accumulation harmful substances, if they are grown in environmentally unfavorable areas.

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms most often occurs in late summer and the first half of autumn, during the harvest season, and may have serious consequences, even death.

Symptoms and severity of poisoning depend on factors such as the type and quantity of mushrooms eaten, the age of the victim, his state of health, and weight. The immune system is not able to cope with toxins that have entered the body, so if your health worsens, you should immediately go to the hospital. Children and the elderly are the worst sufferers of poisoning. Death can occur within a few hours after eating inedible mushrooms, such as toadstool or fly agaric, resulting in paralysis nervous system, respiratory arrest, general intoxication, liver necrosis. To prevent irreversible consequences, you need to take precautions in time.

ICD 10 code

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms refers to food poisoning (abbreviated as PO), which is registered in International classification diseases and have a code according to ICD 10. This type poisonings are specifically listed under code AO-5, which stands for “other bacterial toxic infections.”

Diseases of a bacterial nature are distributed as follows:

Microbial (mycotoxicosis, botulism, staphylococcal toxicosis, various toxic infections, including mixed type);
Non-microbial (poisoning with poisonous mushrooms, as well as certain types fish and fish caviar);
Toxic infections of unknown etiology.

At food poisoning which are caused by consuming foods with a high accumulation of toxins, may occur serious complications up to the failure of internal organs (in particular, the liver), as well as the occurrence of asphyxia and cardiac arrest. Mushroom pickers should remember possible risks when harvesting in the autumn season. You need to be extremely careful, because currently some types of mushrooms undergo mutation and become poisonous, despite the fact that they are edible in appearance. It is generally not advisable for people who have no experience to collect and eat mushrooms on their own. Buying second hand in markets, places of prohibited trade, etc. can also be dangerous.

ICD-10 code

T62.0 In eaten mushrooms

Signs of poisoning from poisonous mushrooms

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms may not appear immediately, but only after some time, ranging from 30 minutes to a day after consumption (it all depends on the type of mushroom). It happens that the first symptoms appear only after 2-3 days.

Signs of poisoning from poisonous mushrooms are in many ways similar to those that occur with typical food poisoning:

nausea and vomiting (sometimes mixed with blood);
thirst, dry mouth;
profuse lacrimation;
nasal congestion;
pain syndrome;
pronounced general weakness;
darkening of the eyes;
headache and dizziness;
loss of consciousness;
severe diarrhea mixed with blood;
convulsions;
decreased blood pressure;
pallor skin;
rapid pulse;
anuria (lack of urination);
confusion (coma).

In case of poisoning with toadstool, cold sticky sweat may appear, with red fly agaric - hallucinations, asphyxia, with toadstool - an excited state similar to the state of a strong alcohol intoxication. Main danger intoxication lies in the fact that damage occurs not only to the gastrointestinal tract, but also to other vital organs. Poisons contained in inedible mushrooms (alkaloids and cytotoxins) can affect the cardiovascular system, and sometimes the central nervous system, liver and kidneys. The so-called “imaginary” period during which the symptoms of intoxication disappear. However, if treatment is not continued, the liver may fail and the person will die.

Toadstool poisoning

Poisoning from poisonous mushrooms poses a serious threat to human health and life. A particularly dangerous mushroom is called “pale toadstool” (another name is “green fly agaric”), which grows in birch forests, deciduous and coniferous forests, oak forests and is similar in appearance to champignon and greenish russula.

Poisoning with toadstool can result in the death of a person if appropriate measures are not taken in a timely manner and the patient is not taken to a medical institution. The period of intoxication consists of three stages:

I. From 6 to 24 hours after consuming a poisonous mushroom: nausea and vomiting, severe cramping pain in the abdomen and muscles, fever, cholera-like diarrhea mixed with blood; Breathing disorders are most often observed in children.
II. From 2 to 4 days (latent period).
III. Clinic of acute conditions: renal and liver failure with severe anuria, coagulopathy (pathology causing bleeding), jaundice, as well as liver enlargement, convulsions, central nervous system depression (in severe cases - coma) and the development of heart failure.

Toadstool contains extremely toxic substances that can damage liver cells, causing necrosis, and also negatively affect the kidneys, blocking their functionality. Toxins of the poisonous mushroom inhibit glycogen synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, cause a decrease in the level of ATPase, inhibit the formation of DNA and RNA, which leads to cell autolysis.

Consequences

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms almost always has dangerous consequences due to the content of a large number of toxins that can negatively affect vital important organs, psyche, central nervous system and work of cardio-vascular system.

The consequences and degree of toxicity generally depend on the amount and type of mushrooms eaten, as well as the effect of toxic substances on the human body. Poisoning can be mild, which is expressed by disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, but very severe cases of intoxication occur, leading to death.

To facilitate the tasks of emergency care, you need to have information about the syndromes that are present in acute mushroom poisoning. For example, respiratory failure syndrome accompanies comatose states in which the respiratory center is depressed. Impaired consciousness (confusion, hallucinations) is caused by the influence of harmful toxins on the cerebral cortex and is often accompanied by circulatory disorders, as well as oxygen deficiency.

In case of mushroom poisoning, other syndromes that worsen the condition of the body may develop:

thermoregulation failure ( sharp increase or decrease in body temperature);
convulsions (an indicator of severe intoxication of the body) - occur due to oxygen starvation brain cells as a result of exposure to toxic substances on the central nervous system;
disturbances of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance(appear due to disruption of the secretory organs, functions of the digestive and excretory systems), which are accompanied by the accumulation of under-oxidized products in the tissues and dehydration of the body.

Syndrome mental disorders manifests itself as a result of toxicity with fungal poisons, the action of which is aimed at the central nervous system. At acute course process, there is a pronounced circulatory disorder, inhibition of the function of the adrenal glands and the vasomotor center. The liver and kidneys suffer to a greater extent from intoxication; it is these organs that are damaged by the toxic products of tissue breakdown.

Complications

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms can cause a number of health and life-threatening complications, since intoxication does not go away without leaving a trace - internal organs and systems suffer because of it, and it takes a certain time to remove harmful toxins from the body.

Complications concern the functioning of three vital systems: the central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory. It is very important to diagnose poisoning in a timely manner in order to prevent disability, and in severe cases of poisoning, death.

Types of complications from toxicity with mushroom poisons:

depression of cardiac function;
tachyarrhythmia (violation heart rate) - most often against the background of a previous heart disease;
psychosis;
decreased vascular tone;
hallucinations;
hypertension;
change in level of consciousness (drowsiness may vary with severe agitation);
convulsions, in more severe cases - epileptic seizures, conditioned harmful effects poison on the body, disorders of blood supply and metabolism;
coma (in severe cases);
death.

The most important condition for mushroom poisoning is timely provision of medical care. First of all, before the ambulance arrives, the patient needs to rinse his stomach.

Diagnostics

It is important to diagnose poisoning with poisonous mushrooms in a timely manner in order to quickly prevent dangerous consequences.

Diagnostics must be as accurate as possible, and this requires professional skills and special laboratory equipment. If help is not provided on time, irreversible changes will occur in the body. Reveal pathological processes A blood test will help. Unfortunately, visible symptoms poisoning most often becomes noticeable when it is already too late - the liver fails or acute renal failure.

Diagnostic methods include clarification of the food history (place of collection or purchase of mushrooms, time of consumption and peculiarities of their culinary processing), laboratory tests of blood, feces, and vomit. Usually the diagnosis Acute poisoning mushrooms” is indicated indicating the main pathological syndrome (for example, “acute gastroenteritis”, “acute psychomotor agitation”, etc.).

Diagnosis also includes measuring blood pressure (against the background of poisoning, it decreases significantly), monitoring the condition of the patient, whose pulse may increase, arrhythmia, and tachycardia may occur. With the development of acute gastroenteritis, the patient experiences dehydration and a disturbance in the electrolyte composition of the blood.

If the liver is affected, jaundice, liver failure, necrosis develop, and the brain is also affected, renal failure and nephropathy occur. Unfortunately, even resuscitation measures are unsuccessful, and the patient dies. Most often, death occurs due to poisoning with toadstool: several days of delay lead to the death of the patient.

Analyzes

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms requires full examination patient, which includes measuring pulse, pressure, temperature, and inspiratory rate. The doctor should determine the degree of dehydration (using a urine sample), and possible violation kidney function.

Blood tests are necessary to determine the severity of the poisoning. A rectal examination is performed to determine the integrity of the rectal walls and take a stool sample to check for blood and mucus. In addition, samples of stool and vomit are sent to the laboratory for further testing to identify the toxin that causes the disease.

If other diseases are suspected, a CT scan and x-ray of the abdomen are performed. In case of mushroom poisoning, it is recommended to collect food scraps - they can also be useful for analysis.

It is very important to take the victim to the hospital as soon as possible, because on the 2-5th day after poisoning, irreversible consequences begin, in particular, damage to vital organs. Death occurs from multiple organ failure in 50-95% of cases. Against the background of intoxication, acute cardiovascular failure may develop, which can lead to the most severe consequences.

Instrumental diagnostics

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms is diagnosed based on a detailed medical history. The reasons are established by interviewing the victim. It is imperative to measure the patient’s body temperature, pulse, arterial pressure. The doctor conducts general examination patient, palpates the abdomen to identify pain syndrome in the peri-umbilical and epigastric region. To identify microorganisms that caused intoxication, laboratory tests of stool are performed.

Instrumental diagnostics for food poisoning (including mushrooms) includes:

fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (examination of the mucous membrane in upper sections digestive tract);
sigmoidoscopy (assessment of the condition of the rectum);
colonoscopy (determining changes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine);
fluoroscopy (performed in case of acute poisoning).

The diagnostic method is prescribed by the doctor depending on the patient’s condition, his age, the severity of intoxication, and symptoms. In cases of mass mushroom poisoning, the sanitary and epidemiological service conducts a study to determine the causes of mass intoxication.

Differential diagnosis

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms is diagnosed by examining the patient, symptoms, and conducting studies that help determine the degree of damage to the body.

Differential diagnosis is based on pronounced manifestations enterocolitis or gastroenteritis, diarrhea, botulism, which most often develops when consuming canned mushrooms.

In case of poisoning with one of the most dangerous mushrooms - toadstool, as with botulism, neurological disorders, muscle weakness, disturbance of accommodation, visual disturbances, anisocoria, ptosis. Liver damage, acute gastroenteritis, and severe diarrhea mixed with blood and mucus occur. Due to the loss of water and salts, general weakness and thirst develop. Unfortunately, such symptoms manifest themselves in seriously ill patients and often portend death. In a patient who is in comatose, respiratory rhythm disorders and the development of shortness of breath are possible.

Differential diagnostic factors for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms include the rapid development of symptoms (from half an hour to a day). Fly agaric poisoning provokes dilated pupils, profuse diarrhea and severe salivation. Blood and urine, as well as vomit, feces and food debris are subjected to bacteriological examination. By using laboratory research final confirmation of the diagnosis and determination of the type of toxin is possible.

First aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms is fraught with serious complications, and in severe cases leads to death. Therefore, it is so important to provide first aid to the victim before the doctors arrive.

First aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms is to: next steps. First of all, it is necessary to induce vomiting by thoroughly rinsing the stomach. Usually, a proven method is used for this purpose: you need to drink 4-6 glasses of water (boiled, cooled to room temperature) in small sips and induce vomiting, irritating back wall throat with a finger or a teaspoon. It is recommended to repeat this procedure several times, then put the victim to bed and apply warm heating pads to his limbs.

Before the ambulance arrives, the patient can be given a warm drink (if severe weakness strong tea will help). Activated carbon will help as an absorbent (1 gram per 1 kg of weight). If there is no diarrhea, you can take a mild laxative. However, for vomiting and diarrhea, taking any antiemetics or laxatives is prohibited, as these natural defense mechanisms help remove toxins from the body.

The most important step is to call an ambulance or immediately transport the victim to medical institution. Only experienced doctor will be able to prescribe the correct treatment, since the toxins of different mushrooms act differently, and, accordingly, there is no universal treatment for mushroom poisoning.

Medicines

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms causes serious consequences, so the victim must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible (to the intensive care). The doctor will examine the patient and prescribe treatment based on the severity of poisoning, the patient’s condition, symptoms, results laboratory tests, a type of poisonous mushroom.

Medicines used for initial stage when a patient has acute gastroenteritis and disorders of the cardiovascular system, these are electrolyte solutions containing magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium ions, administered intravenously to the patient. The action of electrolytes is aimed at correcting the water-electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body.

If there is significant fluid loss, intravenous administration various solutions(from 5 to 8 liters per day): plasma, albumin, hemodez, neohemodez, protein, polyglucin, etc. If the patient has oliguria and anuria, saluretics are administered to stimulate diuresis, as well as lipotropic substances.

Forced diuresis will prevent detoxification. For this purpose, hemodialysis, hemofiltration, plasmapheresis, hemosorption, plasma sorption are also prescribed - methods of blood purification that significantly reduce the content of toxic substances in the blood.

Among the drugs whose use has proven to be effective, we can highlight drug Polysorb MP, whose action is aimed at internal cleansing body. This enterosorbent will help get rid of unpleasant symptoms and remove toxic substances from the digestive system. White coal– a modern concentrated sorbent, often used for food poisoning. The drug actively removes toxins and waste, while leaving useful material, necessary for the body. A good antidote is atropine, which must be administered subcutaneously. The dose of this drug is prescribed by your doctor.

In severe cases, the patient may be prescribed glucocorticoids. If necessary, norepinephrine, mesaton, and eufullin solution are administered. After stabilization of the patient's condition, treatment should continue for 4-6 months in order to monitor the work and condition of the internal organs. A strict diet is recommended, and hepatoprotective drugs are used.

Traditional treatment

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms requires urgent action aimed at removing toxins from the victim’s body.

Traditional treatment consists primarily of using gastric lavage products. The patient should drink several glasses warm water, to which you need to add half a teaspoon of salt. It is advisable to repeat the procedure up to 6 times. After gastric lavage, it is recommended to take adsorbents (Activated carbon, White carbon, Smecta, Polysorb).

In the treatment of mushroom poisoning, honey is used in a dosage of 20-25 g, diluted in warm water or tea, with mint. Can be used as adsorbents egg white(4-5 pieces dissolved in 1 liter of warm water), starch or jelly (dissolved in water in a ratio of 1: 10).

A pre-prepared tincture of milk thistle seeds (50 g) helps well. The crushed seeds must be poured with vodka (0.5 l), left for 2 weeks, shaking the container periodically. Take 25 drops dissolved in 0.5 glass of water, up to 5 times a day, half an hour before meals. You can take medications that contain belladonna (belladonna): bellalgin, bolloid, becarbon, as well as zelenin tincture.

Any folk remedies in the form of tinctures should be taken only after consultation with a doctor. Exceeding the dosage is not recommended to avoid negative consequences.

Herbal treatment

Poisoning from poisonous mushrooms can be treated with herbs, which act as an antidote and help remove toxins from the body.

Herbal treatment for symptoms of intoxication:

Melissa for nausea (4 tsp of herb, pour 2 tbsp of boiling water, leave for 4 hours; drink 100 g before meals three times a day).
Herbal mixture(mint, St. John's wort, plantain, chamomile, taken in equal proportions, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, infuse for half an hour; you need to drink the decoction often - 1/3 cup every hour).
Chicory (powder (1 tablespoon) must be poured into 200 ml of boiling water and left (preferably in a thermos) for 12 hours; drink 50 ml 30 minutes before meals at least 3 times a day).
Elecampane (pour boiled water (200 ml) over the crushed root of the plant, then leave for 20 minutes; take 1 tablespoon of the decoction before meals 5-6 times a day).
Blackberries (brew a small amount of plant branches (1 tablespoon per glass of water), boil for 5 minutes and leave; the resulting decoction should be strained and drunk in small portions within an hour).
Herbal collection(meadow clover, horsetail, oak bark (4-5 tablespoons each) – 3 tablespoons of the collection should be brewed in 1 liter boiled water, stand and take 0.5 cups often, up to 7 times a day).
Dill decoction with honey (the raw materials can be different: both dry and fresh herbs, or plant stems): 1 tbsp. l. raw materials (dill) pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil over low heat for 20 minutes. Then cool, add water to the original volume, add a tablespoon natural honey. Drink 0.5 cups half an hour before meals.
You should not try raw mushrooms.
It is not recommended to give them to children, elderly people, pregnant and nursing mothers.
You cannot buy products from random people, especially in prohibited trading places.
It is undesirable to consume mushrooms for people who have problems with the gastrointestinal tract, liver, or kidney function;
Strictly follow the cooking technology.

It must be remembered that poisonous mushrooms often grow alongside edible ones, and some of their species are similar in appearance. You should not use them with alcohol, as this will cause delayed toxic syndrome. It is advisable to consume mushrooms in moderation as a side dish rather than as a main dish (especially on an empty stomach). Shelf life - no more than a day (even in the refrigerator)!

Before pickling, be sure to thoroughly soak or boil the mushrooms to remove bitterness and substances that irritate the gastric mucosa. Canned mushrooms cannot be stored for more than 1 year.

Forecast

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms can have a different prognosis. It all depends on the type of mushroom, the severity of intoxication, the state of health, and the age of the victim. Children and the elderly suffer from poisoning the worst. Therefore, the consumption of mushrooms in any form is strictly contraindicated for them.

The prognosis is the most unfavorable for poisoning with toadstool: the mortality rate ranges from 50 to 100%. The patient's condition sharply worsens, hemorrhagic manifestations and hypoglycemia, a decrease in the prothrombin index are observed, which are extremely unfavorable prognostic signs. Late diagnosis and untimely treatment significantly aggravate the situation.

If the poisoning occurred due to eating other poisonous mushrooms, the results of treatment will be more favorable. Mild degree intoxication will not lead to death, especially if the necessary measures are taken and therapy is carried out. The rehabilitation period can range from 2 to 4 weeks, and in more severe cases – up to several months. The main task is to restore the functioning of the liver and other organs with the help of modern methods detoxification.

It is important to know!

Onychomycosis - fungal infection nail plates, widespread among the population of all countries of the world. The causative agents of onychomycosis are dermatophyte fungi - most often Trichophyton rubrum, less often Trichophyton mentagrophytes (var. interdigitale) and Epidermophyton floccosum.

Causes of mushroom poisoning

According to Rospotrebnadzor, main reason Mushroom poisoning is the inability to recognize poisonous and edible mushrooms. Also among the reasons is improper preparation of dishes from certain edible and conditionally edible mushrooms. It is worth noting that even healthy body can easily digest only 100 g of mushrooms at a time. If you decide to eat more, be prepared for the fact that the body may “rebel” in the form of exacerbation of chronic diseases of the digestive tract and stomach pain.

Mushroom poisoning: first signs

Signs of poisoning may appear as early as 1.5 hours after eating mushrooms. A person may feel nausea, quite severe abdominal pain, and they will be accompanied by diarrhea up to 10-15 times a day and vomiting. Also, the poisoned person may have a rise in body temperature, while the pulse will weaken, and the legs and arms will become cold. Mushroom poisoning is characterized by inflammation small intestine and stomach, that is, acute gastroenteritis may begin.

If he is infected with a satanic mushroom, fly agarics (smelly, panther, red), and also, then he may have hallucinations and delusions in addition to the above symptoms, that is, he may fall into a state bordering on mental insanity.

Fungi and botulism

Eating canned mushrooms can lead to the development of botulism. Pathogens of this disease are found mainly in the soil. That is why mushrooms must be cleaned and washed with special care before canning. Home processing of mushrooms does not always kill pathogens dangerous diseases, while in a hermetically sealed jar, due to the lack of oxygen, an ideal environment is created for the development of a microbial toxin - a poison dangerous to humans.

Symptoms of botulism appear 12-72 hours after eating low-quality mushrooms. A person’s vision is impaired, surrounding objects become blurry for him. Headache, vomiting, nausea, dry mouth also appear. oral cavity, cramps, diarrhea. Sometimes it becomes difficult for a person to swallow.

If at least one symptom appears after eating canned mushrooms, you should urgently seek medical help. Do not hesitate and do not self-medicate! Botulism can be fatal.

First aid for mushroom poisoning

If symptoms of poisoning appear after eating mushrooms, you should urgently call a doctor. Before his arrival it is recommended drinking plenty of fluids and bed rest. You can drink cold water and cold strong tea. You can also take activated carbon, it definitely won’t make you worse. Its intake is necessary for the adsorption of harmful substances.

Recovery from mushroom poisoning with proper treatment and timely consultation with a doctor usually occurs within a day.

Video on the topic

Poisonous mushrooms can cause serious harm not only the stomach and intestines, but also the kidneys, liver, central nervous system, etc. In case of mushroom poisoning, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Trying to deal with the problem yourself or waiting for the poisoning to go away on its own can be fatal.

Please note that you can be poisoned not only by poisonous ones, but also by some conditionally edible mushrooms, if wrong them . That is why, at the first symptoms of poisoning, it is necessary to call doctors at home, even if it seems to you that the mushrooms you have eaten are not at all dangerous. Such a precaution may well save a life, because at the initial stage it is not difficult to cope with poisoning, and serious consequences can be avoided.

As a rule, the first ones do not appear immediately. Some mushrooms begin to negatively affect the body 3-4 hours after consumption, others - after a day or even more. One way or another, the symptoms are often the same regardless of whether the person ate the mushrooms. First arise sharp pains in the stomach, then nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea appear. Poisoning is sometimes so severe that it leads to dehydration and even death. In the best case, after prompt first aid, the symptoms disappear and the person recovers.

Much more dangerous are situations when the symptoms listed above are in fact not the only results of poisoning. There are poisonous mushrooms with hepatonephrotoxic effects that cause liver damage. With them a person can get rid of

In Russia they love and know how to pick mushrooms. In many countries, such as England, the USA, Australia, etc., they eat only specially cultivated mushrooms, such as champignons, oyster mushrooms, etc. Those that grow in forests are ignored, considering them poisonous. This is hard for us to understand, because... Mushroom dishes are popular in Russia. Fried mushrooms with potatoes, pies, salads, gravies - there are many recipes for delicious dishes.

In Russia they love and know how to pick mushrooms

Residents of other countries can be understood, because mushrooms can lead to human death if treatment is not provided urgent Care. Previously, in 90% of cases of poisoning with toadstool, the patient died. Now we have managed to reduce this percentage to 40%, but there is a danger, especially in cases where they come to the doctor too late.

Prevention of poisoning

Since the consequences of eating some mushrooms can be very sad, prevention of mushroom poisoning is important. What to do to protect yourself and your loved ones, what precautions would be useful?

Mushrooms are inedible

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms leads to human death. In Europe, this is the pale grebe and some types of fly agarics. It is also scary that the symptoms do not appear immediately, and only emergency medical care can save you. Often the doctor is not able to help the patient, because... toxins have already affected vital organs, treatment is late.

Death cap

Whereas the red fly agaric we know from childhood is not as dangerous as many people think. To die, you need to eat 3-4 kg of red fly agarics at once. Any poisoning requires treatment under medical supervision. And if it is caused by toadstool, emergency care is required. It is impossible to save a person at home. Poisoning occurs because a mushroom picker confuses an edible mushroom with a poisonous one.

Pale grebe looks like green russula or greenfinch.
Galerina bordered - like a mushroom.
The fly agaric is white and smelly - for mushrooms.
False honey mushrooms are similar to ordinary ones.
Gall and satanic mushrooms are easily confused with white mushrooms.

Conditionally edible mushrooms

There are also mushrooms that are called conditionally edible. So, if you have collected morels, you cannot eat them right away, because they contain helvellic acid, which can cause not only health problems, but also deaths. What can you do to prevent these undesirable consequences?

You can get rid of it either by drying the mushrooms, or by boiling them for at least 10-15 minutes. You cannot try the broth, because all the acid has passed into the water. It is also advisable to wash them after boiling. Morels can only be eaten if they have been dried for 1.5–2 months.

Morels are conditionally edible mushrooms

Edible mushrooms

If you collect old mushrooms, then they contain protein decomposition products that are harmful. Poisoning can be caused by improper preparation or canning of mushrooms. In addition, mushrooms are difficult to digest, so they are not suitable for everyone. Pregnant and lactating women are prohibited from such delicacies, as are preschool children.

Symptoms

Mushroom poisoning is one of the most serious and severe food poisonings. Children and the elderly are at risk. What to do if you don't feel well? As soon as symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear, you need to call an ambulance. Whether a person survives depends on the experience of doctors. Emergency care cannot be provided at home; only doctors can save a person.

Severe poisoning

If a person has eaten toadstool (mortality rate - 50–95%), signs of mushroom poisoning may not be immediately noticeable. There are toadstool-like fly agarics. The symptoms are similar, and the mortality rate is also high (30–70%). If treatment is started immediately, the chances of survival increase.

In case of poisoning, immediate medical attention is required

If you are poisoned by toadstool

It takes from 6 to 40 hours, but most often about 12 after the mushroom or its broth has been eaten. They include.

Abdominal pain.
Uncontrollable vomiting. The poisoned person feels very thirsty, but cannot quench it due to vomiting. There is a rapid loss of water.
Diarrhea. If at first the feces are yellow-green or clay-green in color, then later it is a discharge similar to swamp mud.
My head hurts and I feel dizzy.
Weakness, very strong.

The patient's appearance also changes greatly: the face is pale, the skin is dull, the facial features are pointed, the eyes are sunken. Due to the loss of chlorine, circulatory disorders begin. Hands and feet become cold, and cramps may occur. After some time (1.5–2 days), these signs subside and the person feels better. Drowsiness appears. Often the patient is sure that all the bad things are behind him and he is recovering.

This calm is temporary. A few more hours - and the person will not be alive. Or diarrhea appears again, jaundice develops, and after 5–6 days the person still dies. But it also happens that the jaundice gradually disappears, and the patient recovers. If medical assistance was provided on time and treatment was prescribed, there is a chance. This is a deadly poisoning.

The fact that liver failure has begun is indicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, a syndrome that can be recognized by bleeding gums, vomiting and diarrhea mixed with blood, etc. The patient’s kidneys are also affected. If the case is advanced, even rendering medical care will not save a person.

The stitches are edible if dried and boiled several times

Signs of stitch poisoning

The stitches are dangerous because they contain gyrometrin and gelwellic acid. They act in the same way as the poison of the toadstool. If the mushrooms are dried for at least 2-3 weeks, the gyrometrin will disappear, and the gelwellic acid will be destroyed during prolonged cooking. If you dry the mushrooms and boil them several times, pouring out the broth, it is impossible to get poisoned. But if you dine on mushrooms that are undercooked or eat broth made from them, then after about 6-10 hours the following symptoms will appear:

I have a stomachache;
diarrhea;
vomit.

After some time, hemolytic jaundice and hepatic-renal failure develop. The consequences of poisoning are serious: after 3-4 days a person can die. 10-50% of poisoning cases result in death.

Mild poisoning

Not all types of poisoning lead to death. If symptoms make themselves felt after a short period of time, this is a good sign.

False honey mushrooms

Poisoning with false honey mushrooms

Deterioration in health begins after 1–6 hours. They resemble common food poisoning:

nausea;
lethargy;
vomit;
diarrhea;
I have a stomachache.

In a few days the patient will fully recover; treatment at home is possible. Poisoning with false honey mushrooms is not scary, but treatment is still necessary, since gastroenteritis and dehydration can harm the body.

Pig poisoning

It would be a mistake to consider pigs to be edible mushrooms. It has long been listed as poisonous. Doctors have noticed that the initial consumption of mushrooms rarely causes poisoning, but repeated consumption, after some time, is dangerous for human life. If it mild degree, then it does not threaten human life. Its signs appear after 1–3 hours, sometimes after 5–6 hours.

Svinushka - a poisonous mushroom

Mushroom poisoning symptoms are the same as for regular poisoning: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea. Much depends on exactly how many mushrooms a person has eaten and on his state of health. Weak people get sick. In 2-3 days the patient feels better, and after 4-6 days he recovers. If the mushrooms were eaten raw or poorly cooked, the poisoning is severe, and the consequences can be very sad.

Satanic mushroom poisoning

Mushroom pickers often confuse white and satanic mushrooms. The latter is very poisonous, especially in its raw form. It affects everyone differently. The effect of its toxins has not been studied, because they are constantly mutating. Within 20–30 minutes, signs of poisoning appear. They can be different, they are stored for no longer than 3 days. Most often, a person feels sick, has diarrhea, vomiting, and convulsions are possible. Hallucinations, loss of memory and self-control, and states similar to lethargic sleep (lasting up to 72 hours) are possible.

Often confused White mushroom and satanic

Red fly agaric poisoning

Symptoms appear quickly: from 30 minutes to 6 hours. Sweat and saliva flow profusely. The person feels sick, vomits, becomes dizzy, and has watery stools. Confusion, hallucinations, constricted pupils, and difficulty breathing are also observed. Most often, signs of poisoning disappear after 12 hours. But if the poison was strong, and the person was not given help for mushroom poisoning, he begins to become very agitated. But after 6-10 hours it will give way to apathy, drowsiness, after which death occurs.

What to do

What to do if you or your loved ones are poisoned by mushrooms? First of all, you should know that treating these poisonings at home is strictly prohibited; providing assistance to the victim is the job of a doctor. Even if the poisoning is mild and there is no threat to life, emergency medical attention is needed. Children and the elderly are especially at risk. If measures are not taken in time, a person may die, i.e. the consequences of poisoning are the most serious.

The poisoned person should drink a pale solution of potassium permanganate and induce vomiting.

Treatment prescribed by a doctor is good, but what to do before the ambulance arrives, how to help the patient at home, to alleviate his condition? First aid for mushroom poisoning is as follows.

Rinse the stomach. The poisoned person must drink a pale solution of potassium permanganate and induce vomiting until the water becomes clear.
Take sorbents and a laxative. You can drink activated charcoal and a saline laxative.
Replenish fluid loss. Regidron solution is suitable for this or mineral water, salted water, sweet tea. How more people drinks, so much the better.

It is important to remember that a poisoned person should not drink alcoholic drinks. It would also be a mistake to throw away those mushrooms that were prepared at home. You can’t eat them, but they are useful for making an accurate diagnosis. Even if you are worried about your loved ones, you need to be prepared to answer the doctor’s questions. He needs to know how long it took for signs of poisoning to appear, what mushrooms were eaten, etc.

It is also important how many people could have been poisoned. Gastric lavage will be done to everyone who ate mushrooms that day, even if they have no signs of poisoning. Antidotes have not yet been invented toxic substances mushrooms, therefore treatment is helping the patient’s body: detoxification, reinforcing, symptomatic treatment.

Doctors will be able to keep the patient’s condition under control, conduct the necessary tests and, if necessary, alleviate his condition. When treated at home, the chances of surviving severe poisoning are minimal. Therefore, calling an ambulance is mandatory. Let the doctor decide whether this is a serious case or not, and he will not scold you for calling, because mushroom poisoning is a reason to seek help. Sometimes a person’s life depends on the speed of response.

The long-awaited mushroom season has begun for those who like to walk through the forest with benefit. But forest gifts can be fraught with unpleasant surprises for health. Sometimes good mushrooms at first glance are no different from their poisonous counterparts. And just a small piece of the cap or stem will lead to instant death.

Today we will talk not only about how to distinguish similar mushrooms, but how dangerous each of them is to health. Let's find out the first signs of mushroom poisoning, as well as which forest products are most dangerous for humans in our latitudes.

The most poisonous mushrooms

Many of those who decide to pick mushrooms do not understand their varieties and, out of ignorance, put inedible, poisonous ones in the basket. There are also myths among people that even the most inedible mushrooms can help in treatment serious illnesses, tinctures and decoctions with them will heal from incurable ailments. This erroneous opinion is another reason that a harmful representative of the forest ends up in a basket and will be eaten. Even a small amount of poisonous mushrooms can cause serious poisoning or death.

What mushrooms are considered the most dangerous in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine?

How long does it take for mushroom poisoning to occur? Each representative of this list has its own signs of poisoning and terms of impact on the human body, which we will now learn about in more detail.

The first signs of poisoning with toadstool

Topping the list of the most poisonous is the pale grebe. This is a pale lamellar mushroom of white, olive and greenish-olive color. The stem of the mushroom is cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the top, and club-shaped at the base. In appearance it often resembles a champignon or russula.

The lethal dose of the toxic substance, phalloidin, is only 0.02–0.03 grams. This amount is contained in 100 grams of toadstool. But eating just 30 grams of the fruiting body of the toadstool leads to severe poisoning, and in children - to death.

A sign of toadstool poisoning is that the first symptoms may not appear for quite some time. long time. The first signs of poisoning with toadstool may appear after ¼ or even 2 days.

How long does it take for fly agaric poisoning to occur?

How quickly does poisoning with fly agaric mushrooms manifest? Signs of intoxication appear just 1.5–2 hours after consumption.

Fly agarics of various types are all very dangerous; in small quantities they instantly affect the nervous system. A white or slightly yellowish top and a shaggy leg are signs of a toadstool-like representative of the fly agaric. The stinky fly agaric is different unpleasant smell rotten potatoes.

The beautiful fairy-tale bright red cap of the red fly agaric attracts the attention of not only forest inhabitants, but also children, so it is dangerous for children.

Symptoms of poisoning in a person who has eaten fly agaric appear after 1.5–2 hours. They are manifested by the following symptoms:

nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation;
cramping abdominal pain;
after some time, suffocation occurs, convulsions appear;
for more later- delirium and hallucinations, possible death.

How quickly does poisoning from talkers manifest itself?

Poisoning with talking mushrooms, how long does it take for symptoms to appear? It all depends on the amount of toxic product. In terms of muscarine content, talkers are superior to red fly agaric, so damage to the nervous system can occur within a few minutes and leads to severe poisoning.

Symptoms of talker poisoning appear after 15–20 minutes.

Signs of talker poisoning are:

increased secretion of not only saliva, but also tears, severe sweating;
the heart rate decreases and blood pressure may drop sharply, breathing becomes impaired;
severe vomiting and diarrhea.

The antidote is atropine; with timely administration, the symptoms weaken. Death occurs in very rare cases.

How long does it take for poisoning with gall and satanic mushrooms to occur?

Boletus lookalikes

These are gall and satanic mushrooms. They taste bitter. In the gall mushroom, part of the leg is covered with a dark mesh. The second representative differs from the boletus in its reddish tubular layer and red mesh pattern on the stem.

Even with prolonged cooking, toxic substances do not evaporate, but affect the nervous system. The satanic mushroom is especially dangerous. Poisoning occurs after a few hours and resembles a severe disorder of the digestive system. Poisoning is accompanied by:

nausea;
vomiting;
bowel disorder.

How many hours does it take for stitch poisoning to occur?

Signs of mushroom poisoning by strings, how long does it take for them to appear?

String poisoning does not occur immediately, but after a day or more, depending on the number of mushrooms eaten.

This shows up:

deterioration of blood clotting, hemolysis of red blood cells;
liver cells are affected;
the functioning of the nervous system is disrupted, in severe cases death is possible.

You don't need to rely on your luck. Not a single type of poisonous mushroom has become less pathogenic. Prolonged processing and boiling in salt water is not a panacea; these “old” methods often do not help remove toxic substances. Do not touch unfamiliar mushrooms in the forest, they may be the last of your life!