home Audience 5 Retinal hemorrhage. Description of a common phenomenon - hemorrhage in the eye

Retinal hemorrhage. Description of a common phenomenon - hemorrhage in the eye

The visual apparatus has quite complex structure, its activities are influenced by many factors. The health of this part of the body directly depends on the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, endocrine glands and brain. Therefore, any visual impairment should be perceived as serious symptom, requiring immediate consultation with a qualified ophthalmologist. So, one of the fairly common and serious ophthalmological pathologies is considered to be hemorrhage in the retina, the symptoms and treatment of which, as well as the causes, will be considered in a little more detail below.

Retinal hemorrhage is not noticeable to the naked eye. This disorder is rarely detected without additional examinations.

Why does hemorrhage occur in the retina of the eye, what are its causes?

Retinal hemorrhages can be caused by many different factors. Sometimes such a disorder occurs during excessive physical exertion, including during labor. Sometimes hemorrhage of this kind develops in patients with thrombophlebitis and mechanical trauma.

Retinal hemorrhage is considered the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. A strong and/or constant increase in the amount of sugar in the blood has a negative effect on the condition of blood vessels, including in the visual apparatus. If bleeding develops, this can lead to complete blindness.

Retinal hemorrhage can occur due to eye injury and contusion. A similar situation is often observed after a blow to the eye or after a blow to the head. Sometimes such hemorrhage is provoked by injuries to the torso or chest.

In some cases, retinal hemorrhage can occur in patients with an intraocular tumor. The growth of such a pathological formation causes compression of the vessels, which in turn causes hemorrhage.

Sometimes retinal hemorrhage develops when the patient has serious problems with blood vessels, which can be represented by arterial hypertension or atherosclerosis. So when hypertensive angiopathy the vessels simply cannot withstand the stress, resulting in rupture.

Sometimes the tendency to hemorrhage in the retina is explained by congenital anomalies structure of the eye, as well as the vascular system.

Symptoms of retinal hemorrhage

The very first manifestation of retinal hemorrhage is a disturbance in the clarity of vision. Most often, visual acuity drops quite sharply. Also, the patient often experiences the so-called “ blind spot"in the eye. There are no painful sensations; they usually come later.
In some cases, retinal hemorrhage is manifested by the appearance of “floaters” in front of the eyes.

If there is a sharp deterioration in visual acuity, you should immediately consult a doctor. In the absence of immediate correction, vision may completely disappear. An ophthalmologist performs an ophthalmoscopy, which allows one to identify internal manifestations of pathological processes.

How is hemorrhage in the retina corrected, what treatment is effective?

Moderate retinal hemorrhages that are not associated with surgery usually resolve on their own without targeted treatment. One of the options for stopping hemorrhage is laser surgery. In this procedure, specialists use a laser beam to target damaged blood vessels in the retina, which allows them to be sealed.

If the retinal bleeding is particularly extensive, the patient undergoes a vitrectomy. With this type of surgery, doctors remove blood clots and clouded areas of the retina.

Patients with a tendency to bleeding in the retina are advised to undergo conservative treatment, aimed at strengthening blood vessels and restoring blood circulation.

For retinal hemorrhages, doctors may use corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, antihistamines, angioprotectors, and vasodilators. Patients are advised to use antioxidants in the form of vitamins. In some cases, doctors resort to calcium therapy; it activates blood resorption processes and allows you to quickly eliminate inflammatory process and tissue swelling.

Therapeutic measures for hemorrhages in the retina, they can reduce the likelihood of repeated hemorrhages and strengthen the blood vessels in the eye.

In parallel with the treatment, patients experiencing retinal hemorrhages need to take care of their eyes. They should avoid physical activity for at least three months, avoid putting any strain on their eyes and maintain eye hygiene in accordance with the recommendations of an ophthalmologist. In addition, they are strongly recommended to slightly change their diet, saturating it with foods rich in provitamin A.

Folk remedies

Patients with a tendency to hemorrhages in the retina should pay attention to some traditional medicine. They will help to significantly reduce the likelihood of such a complication. Using an infusion based on buckwheat flowers gives a good effect. Brew a teaspoon of well-ground raw materials with a glass of just boiled water and leave for two hours to infuse. Take a quarter glass of the strained drink four times a day.

If your vision suddenly deteriorates, you should not hesitate and seek advice from an ophthalmologist.

Retinal hemorrhage is considered a very common phenomenon in ophthalmology. This condition occurs as a result of damage to the blood vessels in the eye. Can provoke a violation external factors, but most often the causes are internal pathological processes. Symptoms depend on the location and scale of the hemorrhage; blood can penetrate any layers of the retina. Based on these indicators, the stage of the disease is determined. In most cases, with proper treatment, the blood resolves on its own after some time. However advanced stages can lead to retinal detachment and cause vision problems.

The vascular network of the eye is located directly next to the main highways of the brain, so local bleeding is life-threatening if it is not blocked in time.

Possible reasons
Retinal hemorrhage, also called the process of blood fluid entering the retina of the eye, occurs at any age. The most common causes are considered to be mechanical damage to blood vessels. This factor is observed in 80% of cases, and injuries can be caused in the process. surgical intervention or as a result of entry of a foreign body. Possible causes include the following pathological conditions:
traumatic brain injury;
critical increase blood pressure;
fragility of blood vessels as a result of severe diabetes mellitus;
thrombosis;
atherosclerosis;
degenerative processes in the walls of blood vessels;
elevated cholesterol levels;
congenital hemorrhage;
glaucoma;
oncology of ocular tissues;
inflammatory processes in the internal tissues of the eye.

Smokers suffer from this pathology much more often than other people.
There is no specific age group at risk, but more often the pathology is observed in people who have problems with blood vessels and blood pressure. In addition to obvious diseases, smoking and drug use significantly increases the risk. Excess weight also negatively affects the condition of blood vessels. Presence large quantity etiological factors suggests that retinal hemorrhage can be independent and secondary disease.

Degrees of development
The stages of the process are determined depending on the extent of damage eyeball. Moreover, the earlier adequate treatment begins, the less harm the condition causes. The difficulty is that in the first stages of development there are practically no visual symptoms. Ophthalmologists consider 3 degrees of pathology according to the level of severity:
Easy. There are no visual signs, but slight swelling is visible. At this phase, the structure of the eyeball is not damaged.
Average. Some tissues are injured, and blood can penetrate under the conjunctiva. The patient loses 80% of his vision.
Heavy. An irreversible stage, vision is completely lost as a result of a retinal tear.

Main symptoms

A person should be wary if he begins to see double.
Retinal hemorrhage shows clear signs that get worse with each stage. The disease primarily causes vision problems. Visual functions also depend on the localization of the process; macular hemorrhage is considered the most dangerous. First, blurriness and double vision appear, then visual acuity decreases. Symptoms can be rapid or take a long time to develop. During the active phase, the patient exhibits the following symptoms:
redness of the eyes of various localizations;
pressing pain in the eyes;
increased eye pressure;
the effect of “fly spots” before the eyes;
change in color perception.

Diagnostic methods
To study the full picture of what is happening, it is necessary to undergo a series of instrumental and laboratory studies. First, the ophthalmologist examines visual organ. If local hemorrhage is suspected, immediate diagnosis and emergency treatment. The diagnosis can be confirmed using the results of the following diagnostic procedures:

A complete understanding of a person’s health status will help to control his blood pressure over time.
specialized ophthalmological examinations: visometry, ophthalmoscopy and perimetry, fluorescein angiography;
electrocardiography of the head;
study of blood pressure indicators over time;
general and biochemical analysis blood;
urine test.

Each type of pathology develops for its own reasons.

Hypophagma is observed when the vessels piercing the conjunctiva rupture. This can be caused by various factors:

mechanical injury, most often a blow with a fist or heavy object;
sudden increase in intravascular pressure - heavy lifting, contractions during childbirth, prolonged sneezing, constipation;
excessive fragility of blood vessels;
poor blood clotting;
some infectious diseases - hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, Leptospira infection.

Hyphema is characterized by the accumulation of blood in the space between the cornea and the iris. This happens for the same reason as hyposphagma - a vessel burst. Its rupture occurs in the following situations:

mechanical injury;
consequences of surgery;
angiopathy in diabetes;
formation of blood clots in the intraocular veins;
tumor inside the eye;
uveitis - inflammation of the choroid;
blood clotting disorder.

If a person’s entire eye seems to be filled with blood, this means that it has permeated the substance that fills the eyeball. This condition is called hemophthalmos, and it occurs in the following situations:

severe diabetes mellitus;
cholesterol deposits in the eye vessels;
thrombosis of intraocular veins;
destruction of the eyeball, for example, after being stabbed with a knife;
stroke;
a sharp increase in pressure in the chest cavity (cough, heavy lifting) combined with excessive fragility of blood vessels;
tumor in the vitreous body;
retinal disinsertion;
systemic diseases- lupus erythematosus, scleroderma.

Retinal hemorrhage is caused by the same reasons as hemophthalmos.

Retinal hemorrhage is bleeding into the retinal tissue caused by damage to the walls of the eye vessels. Such hemorrhage may be visually unnoticeable, but it is very unsafe because visual sensors are located in the retina.

Retinal hemorrhage is quite common and can be a consequence of both mechanical trauma and certain diseases. Any hemorrhage, especially a repeated one, requires an urgent doctor’s consultation, since in this case the risk of retinal detachment significantly increases.

Causes

Any hemorrhage in the area of the visual organs is inherently pathological. Sometimes this can happen due to general violations in the functioning of the body:

lack of vitamins;
hypertension;
atherosclerosis;
blood diseases;
diabetes.

The operation to replace the lens is a serious intervention, it is important to know all the details and subtleties - service life artificial lens eyes.

If glasses are not suitable for vision correction, find out how to put them on contact lenses for the first time.

Into the retina

This may happen for the following reasons:

eye injury;
heavy physical work, lifting loads;
birth process;
mechanical damage;
diabetes;
contusion of the eye (occurs with a strong blow to other parts of the body);
myopia;
tumors.

Find out a detailed description of the symptoms of cataracts here.

Not a child's problem, a serious decision is the treatment of strabismus in adults with surgery.

Possible reasons:

injury;
viral conjunctivitis;
manifestations of a strong cough or gag reflex;
exposure to drugs that have a blood thinning effect;
vasculitis;
surgical intervention.

Treatment of glaucoma with proven means – Kosopt eye drops.

It is important for mothers to know why their child has red circles under his eyes.

There are different reasons:

Injuries to the eye, orbit, or skull. Blunt, strong blows to the head are especially dangerous. After receiving such an injury (even if there are no symptoms), it is necessary to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist.
Infectious viral diseases. Hemorrhage occurs due to inflamed mucosa.
Development of hypertensive crisis. A rapid increase in blood pressure can lead to disruption of the integrity of blood vessels. This happens especially often in older people or in patients suffering from diabetes or autoimmune diseases.
Vomiting and severe coughing (physical strain) can lead to minor hemorrhage. Despite the fact that the redness of the eye can be severe, the condition is not classified as dangerous.
Reception medicines, reducing blood viscosity. These include the popular painkiller and antipyretic - aspirin, which is often taken in large doses and without a doctor's prescription.
Vitamin K deficiency. This rare pathology. Vitamin K is produced by the intestinal microbiota, and most often deficiency develops after massive antibiotic therapy or in chronic diseases immune system or gastrointestinal organs.
Hereditary disorder blood clotting - hemophilia.

The risk increases significantly if any chronic pathologies heart, blood vessels and internal organs, as well as in the first few weeks after eye surgery.

Hemorrhages can occur in children of any age: from newborns to teenagers. The reasons are basically the same as in adults.

Blood can only flow from vessels, so the immediate cause of hemorrhage in the retina is always damage to the choroid that feeds it - a rupture or pathological permeability vascular walls(in the latter case, the volume of accumulated effusion is much less). In turn, the main reasons vascular lesion are:

injuries (including those received during ophthalmic surgery) are statistically the most common factor, the share of which is 75-85%;
vascular pathology(angiopathy) and the resulting degenerative processes in the retina (retinopathy) as an independent, primary disease;
secondary angio- and retinopathy that developed as a result of other, more common diseases(diabetes, arterial hypertension, blood diseases, infections, atherosclerosis, etc.).

The direct consequences of retinal hemorrhage may be infiltrates, swelling, inflammation, etc., but the most likely and dangerous threat (especially when fluid leaks between the retina and the choroid) is retinal detachment, partial or total - which means sharp deterioration vision or irreversible blindness.

Separately, as a special form, retinal hemorrhage in newborns is considered, which has a clear cause-and-effect, clinical and prognostic specificity in contrast to “adult” hemorrhages.

Thus, with a worldwide trend toward an increase in the frequency and severity of retinopathy in newborns (especially premature infants), the frequency of postpartum retinal hemorrhages in infants reaches 20-30%. Important statistical patterns were revealed: firstly, such hemorrhages are extremely rare during childbirth with caesarean section, secondly, their probability is much higher (about one and a half times) if a woman gives birth for the first time.

Subsequently, it was confirmed that the main cause of retinal hemorrhage in newborns is the birth itself, or more precisely, the nature birth process and methods of obstetrics. Difficult, complicated, protracted labor associated with compression of the fetal head, as well as mechanical obstetric and gynecological techniques (forceps, vacuum) sharply increase the likelihood of retinal hemorrhage, which is usually noted at 1-2 weeks of life.

The hematomas themselves, when the eye becomes filled with blood, are not as dangerous as the reasons that caused them, since this kind of hematomas, localized in the eye area, can be a manifestation of other diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, leukemia, anemia, etc.

An ordinary blow or injury can also provoke the appearance of a hematoma in the eye area. Those who play sports or lift weights are also likely to develop a hematoma in the eye area. Various things can cause the appearance of a blood spot on the white of the eye. medications that a person takes or has taken. These drugs can include anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents that prevent blood clotting: aspirin, heparin, ticlid, dipyridamole, Plavix, etc.

The causes of a particular type of hemorrhage are varied. Let's start in order.

Causes of hyposphagma (hematoma in the sclera of the eye)

Causes of hyphema (bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye)

The main reason for the appearance of hyphema lies in the rupture of blood vessels, which is provoked by the following factors:

Injuries.
Diseases of the eyeball.
Manifestations of other diseases of the body.

Injuries, in turn, can be different character and there are:

Penetrating, when a foreign body enters the internal structures of the eye, significantly damaging them. In these cases, the eye may even leak.
Non-penetrating, these cases most often provoke blows with blunt objects to the eye area, when visible damage There is no tissue, but there is a rupture of blood vessels inside.

Injuries include postoperative complications when the patient does not experience regression for a long time.

By diseases of the eyeball we mean pathological formation new vessels, which are characterized by increased fragility, which results in their damage and the appearance of hematomas. These damages can either have a cause-and-effect background or appear out of the blue for no reason. Diseases include:

diabetic angiopathy;
blockage of veins in the retina;
retinal detachment and various tumors on it;
inflammation of the deep structures of the eye.

The reasons for the appearance of hyphema against the background of other diseases include:

oncological diseases;
intoxication of the body, including drugs and alcohol;
connective tissue diseases.

The appearance of hemophthalmos may have the following reasons:

diabetes, when the retina of the eye is affected;
vascular thrombosis in the retina;
atherosclerosis;
increased blood pressure, when the eyes literally flood with blood;
autoimmune diseases.

Treatment of hemorrhage into the vitreous body of the eye

Treatment of hemophthalmia becomes necessary only at certain stages of its development, as a rule, as a result of the absence of visible regression or complications. The most effective and medically correct methods of treating hemophthalmia on this moment does not exist.

There are only some tips, following which will contribute to the regression of existing hemophthalmia and its prevention in the future, as well as inevitable surgical methods of combating hemophthalmia in severe. Severe degree, in which surgery is prescribed and hemophthalmos should be treated, are characterized by the following indicators:

Retinal detachment or inability to determine the cause of hemorrhage in the eye.
Complications after an injury, when the condition of the eye does not improve for a long time.
Severe eye injury with the appearance of hemophthalmos caused by the penetration of foreign objects.

Such eye surgeries are called vetrectomy. Now they are carried out on an outpatient basis. They do not use general anesthesia; tissue incisions in these operations do not exceed half a millimeter, which is a plus for rapid wound healing. After surgery, patients usually have a minimal recovery period, and their vision subsequently returns quite quickly.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of hemophthalmos, you should:

Avoid excessive physical activity whenever possible.
Take vitamins K, PP, C and B.
Apply potassium iodide drops.

Bleeding between the cornea and iris is called hyphema. With this pathology, blood fills the anterior chamber of the eye. Most often, such hemorrhage occurs as a result of injury or ophthalmic surgery. Less commonly, this disorder is caused by herpes, a bleeding disorder, or cancer. In this case, you can visually observe the blood behind the cornea, in addition, the patient experiences painful sensations in the eyeball.

Classification of manifestation

Hemorrhages are divided according to the location of the damaged vessels:

subconjunctival (on outer shell sclera);
in the space between the cornea and the iris (eye hyphema);
internally (directly into the vitreous body - hemophthalmos);
in the retina of the eye.

Complex therapy to solve two problems at once (inflammation and swelling) - Combigan eye drops.

Instructions for use eye drops You can find Combinil Duo at the link.

There are several types of hemorrhages in the eyeball. They can be single or combined:

subconjunctival hemorrhage - into the mucous membrane of the eye - is called hyposphagma;
hemorrhage localized in the anterior chamber of the eye - hyphema;
hemorrhage in the sclera and internal structures of the eye is called hemophthalmos;
subretinal bleeding - beyond the retina.

When blood enters fatty tissue located in the orbit, they speak of a paraorbital hematoma of the eye.

Hemorrhage is damage to blood vessels, most often the smallest ones - capillaries. It leads to redness, the intensity of which depends not on the degree of damage, but on the location of the ruptured blood vessels.

Based on the part of the eye where the hemorrhage occurred, there are four types:

Hyphema. This is the name for the accumulation of blood between the cornea and the iris - this space is called the chamber of the eye. Most often it occurs due to mechanical trauma with a blunt object. This type of hemorrhage is accompanied by severe pain, as well as blurred vision. When hyphema develops, it is required urgent help ophthalmologist, otherwise complications are possible.
Hemophthalmos. This is the name for hemorrhage localized in the vitreous body. The main symptom is a hazy haze before the eyes that does not disappear when blinking. If a lot of blood accumulates, complete loss of vision is possible. This type of hemorrhage is considered the most severe and dangerous. Vision loss can be irreversible; the likelihood of recovery depends on the speed of medical care.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage is caused by damage to the vasculature of the mucous membrane. These hemorrhages often occur for no apparent reason and can develop against the background of chronic eye or vascular diseases.
The accumulation of blood in the retinal area occurs due to damage to the retinal vessels. This area of the eye is the most sensitive and susceptible to damage. A small hemorrhage is enough to cause permanent visual impairment.

The place where the blood vessel ruptures with subsequent leakage of blood into the surrounding tissues and the formation of a bruise is also very important. The factor determining the location of the hematoma plays an important role in the diagnosis of the disease. The development of a further treatment plan, its correctness and effectiveness will depend on this.

The human eye consists of several sections, they have their own network of blood vessels. Accordingly, micro-ruptures of blood vessels may occur in any of the areas, when a red spot appears on the white and a characteristic hematoma.

Hemorrhages located under the conjunctiva.
Hematoma in the anterior chamber.
Hematoma in the vitreous body.
In the retina.

Hyposphagma

Hypophagma is a type of hematoma in the area between the conjunctiva and the tunica albuginea. This type of hemorrhage is also called conjunctival hemorrhage or scleral hemorrhage.

Symptoms

All symptoms of hyposphagma are limited to visual (visible) disturbances. Usually a person does not experience much discomfort from the appearance of this hematoma. Sometimes such a bloody spot can cause discomfort and even itching, but most likely the reason is not so much the true effect of the hematoma on sensations, but the influence mental factors, i.e., perhaps this is self-suggestion.

One way or another, the reasons that cause hyposphagma vary greatly, but they will be written about them a little later.

Hyphema

Hyphema is a hematoma located in the anterior chamber. In this type of hematoma, blood vessels rupture and blood leaks into the space where the cornea and iris with the lens are located. Normally, in humans, the anterior chamber contains a completely transparent liquid. The iris is the area responsible for pigmentation, among other things.

Degrees of hyphema development

Doctors determine the degree of hyphema by how filled with blood the chamber of a person’s eye is. The eye may become filled with blood in different ways during the process of hematoma formation.

The chamber of the eye is one third full.
The anterior chamber is filled from a third or more.
More than half is already filled. The eye is already filled to this degree.
The chamber is completely filled with blood when the pupil is not visible.

This division looks quite simple, but in practice it really helps to draw up a plan for future treatment. In addition, certain symptoms are characteristic of one degree or another. They are also differentiated.

Diagnosis of hyphema is usually simple, and even a simple visual examination is sufficient. But for reliability, they resort to the following methods:

Examination of the patient.
Determination of pressure in the eye.
Establishing vigilance.
Microscopic examination of the eyes.

Hemophthalmos

Symptoms and types

What can be said about hemophthalmos is that with it, blood rarely penetrates into the vitreous body into both eyes at once. As a rule, only one is always affected by hemophthalmos.

Diagnosis of hemophthalmos

This type of hemorrhage is detected based on the results of an ultrasound examination and biomicroscopy. Having assessed the severity of hemophthalmos, a certain type of treatment is prescribed. Mild hemophthalmos, or partial, most often regresses on its own. Still, this disease should not be underestimated, and if you suspect hemophthalmos, you should immediately seek help from a doctor.

Hematoma in the retina

The retina is located just behind the vitreous. It performs the most important functions of perceiving light transmitted from the vitreous body. When a vessel ruptures, bloody stains form in this area. Hemorrhage in this area involves the same mechanism as in the previous section: the vessels on the membrane, which is located behind the retina, are damaged.

This type is also divided into several types, only here the criterion is the localization of the hematoma and its shape on the retina.

Symptoms and diagnosis

First of all, hemorrhage is determined visually:

with hyphema, the entire protein becomes red;
with hemophthalmia, a burgundy spot is localized;
in case of injury, a vascular network with bruising is formed.

The following manifestations are possible:

flashes before the eyes;
painful sensations;
blurred image;
feeling of a foreign body.

For retinal hemorrhage:

change in sharpness and sharpness visual function;
black “flies”;
inability to look around freely;
double vision.

What to do if the sclera changes color? – The causes of constantly red whites of the eyes are described in the article.

A dangerous symptom or temporary manifestation of fatigue is red spots under the eyes.

Signs of eye hemorrhages depend on their type. The severity is determined by the amount of bleeding.

To the conjunctiva

Hypophagma is the mildest type of ocular hemorrhage. A bright red bruise with a border appears on the conjunctiva irregular shape. Gradually it turns pale and disappears completely. Transition from purple to yellow color, like bruises on the skin, no.

A person may complain of pain in the eye, a burning sensation, and discomfort. Vision is usually not affected. It is not difficult to make a diagnosis; a routine examination by a doctor is sufficient.

To the anterior chamber

With hyphema, blood flows into the space behind the cornea, which normally contains clear fluid. Based on the level of blood filling the anterior chamber, four degrees of hyphema are distinguished.

The lower third of the chamber is occupied by blood.
The blood reaches half of the chamber.
Blood takes up two-thirds of the space.
The eye was completely filled with blood.

A person complains of decreased vision, fog before the eyes. Possible photophobia. If the hyphema was caused by injury, pain appears.

To confirm the diagnosis, the following examinations are performed:

assessment of visual acuity;
IOP measurement;
examination of the eye using a slit lamp.

Sometimes consultations with specialists are required.

Into the vitreous

The eyeball is given its rounded shape by the vitreous body - this substance is in the form of a gel, transparent, without blood vessels and nerve endings. Its main function is to refract light rays and deliver them to the retina.

Bleeding into the vitreous is accompanied by sharp drop vision. The severity of the symptom depends on the amount of bleeding. Pain is not typical, since the vitreous body is devoid of nerves.

Petechial hemorrhage. The victim complains of the appearance of dark spots before the eyes.
Partial hemophthalmos, when the hemorrhage occupies no more than a third of the vitreous. The patient complains of blurred vision or red streaks before the eyes.
Subtotal hemophthalmos. Two-thirds of the eye is bloody. Vision is almost completely impaired, only the outlines of objects are visible.
Total hemophthalmos. The eye was completely swollen with blood. There is no vision.

Such hemorrhage is often unilateral. To make a diagnosis, you need a doctor's examination, a slit-lamp examination of the eye, and an ultrasound.

Into the retina

Hemorrhage in retina has no external manifestations. The victim complains of decreased vision up to complete blindness. When examined with a slit lamp, hemorrhages of various shapes and sizes are visible in the fundus.

Line-shaped. Resemble flames or clear stripes. They are located deep and do not cause significant damage.
Rounded. They have an oval shape with clear boundaries.
Preretinal. They are located in the upper layers of the retina or in front of it.
Subretinal. Located behind the retina.

A person complains of sudden sharp pain in the eyes. The diagnosis is confirmed by slit lamp examination and CT scanning.

Symptoms of hemorrhage also vary depending on the location of the damage.

When hyphema occurs, the following characteristic clinical picture develops:

A red spot with smooth edges appears in the eye, it is evenly colored.
The degree of coloration of the spot varies depending on the position of the body - lying or standing. This is due to the fact that blood can flow inside the anterior chamber of the eye.
There is no loss of vision.
Without help, the hemorrhage goes away on its own within a few days.

The symptoms of hemophthalmia vary greatly:

Externally, hemorrhage is manifested by the presence of a brown spot with a uniform color.
There is visual impairment. The severity depends on how badly the mucous membrane is damaged. With total hemophthalmos, complete loss of vision can develop.
Flashes appear before the eyes, dark spots appear, often changing shape and size.

Hemophthalmos requires medical attention, because possible complications include retinal detachment and eye atrophy. And with surgical treatment, vision can be preserved.

Symptoms of retinal hemorrhage:

A grid appears before your eyes, and moving dots appear - front sights.
Objects appear blurry.
Visual acuity decreases. Rarely does vision disappear completely.

It occurs against the background of orbital contusion (which is often a consequence of severe injuries in the eye area), as well as against the background of vasculitis and some systemic diseases.

If a lot of blood accumulates during hemorrhage, a condition called exophthalmos develops. The eyeballs begin to protrude forward, the patient feels restriction in eye movement. If the blood finds a way out, it can protrude under the eyelid and into the conjunctival sac.

There are symptoms that indicate specific damage and are used in diagnosis. For example, if the hemorrhage extends to the skin and resembles a spectacle frame, this indicates a fracture of the base of the skull.

Some eye hemorrhages are visible visually. They are easy to spot by looking in the mirror. Other disorders of the vascular system of the eye can only be detected during medical examination. Hemorrhage behind the cornea and damage to the blood vessels of the white of the eye are visually determined. In the first case, blood fills the anterior chamber of the eyeball, and it can block the iris and partially the pupil, which limits the field of vision.

Hemorrhages on the sclera look like small red spots that are clearly visible. In some cases, extensive hemorrhage may occur over the entire visible area of the white of the eye. Despite its terrifying appearance, subconjunctival hemorrhage does not entail any severe consequences and gradually resolves on its own.

Hemorrhage into the vitreous or retina is not visually detectable and can only be detected during examination by an ophthalmologist.

Decreased visual acuity and clarity, blurred, double image;

Limitation of eyeball movements;

Formation of a grid in front of the eyes;

First, a cloudy spot appears in front of the eyes, which grows evenly. With a significant widespread lesion, vision may completely disappear.

With contusion of the ocular orbit, blood diseases and vasculitis, there may be a pronounced bulge of the eyeball forward (exophthalmos).

If the leaked blood is localized along the vessels or on the periphery of the fundus, then the deterioration of vision is absent or slight. If the hemorrhage occurs in the central part of the retina (macular zone), then vision decreases rapidly and in to a significant extent.

Hemorrhages outside the macular zone can go unnoticed by humans and are detected only during examination by an ophthalmologist during fundus diagnostics.

Diagnostic methods

Into the retina

In order to correctly assess the nature of intraocular hemorrhage, the ophthalmologist uses the most modern means diagnostics These include:

ophthalmoscopy;
ultrasound examination;
dopplerography;
angiography;

With ophthalmoscopy, through a dilated pupil, the retina and the vascular system of the fundus are examined. Ultrasound diagnostics indispensable in localizing and determining the nature of the tumor that has arisen. Dopplerography allows you to evaluate the speed of blood flow in the vessels of the eye and the patency of the vessels. Angiography allows the ophthalmologist to examine vascular system retina, down to the smallest capillaries. To do this, the patient is injected intravenously contrast agent, which allows you to get a complete picture of the entire vascular system.

Treatment

There are several main stages:

Diagnosis of pathology by a specialist.
Ensuring complete peace.
Protecting the eye from factors environment.
Use of cooling compresses and antimicrobial dressings.
Drug treatment.
Surgical intervention (in difficult cases).

Drug therapy:

vitamin complexes (tablets and intravenous);
glucose droppers;
vascular drugs;
drugs that increase blood clotting;
enzyme compounds.

Prohibited:

blood thinning drugs;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
anticoagulants.

The surgical solution to the problem is vitrectomy. During the event:

blood clots are released;
those areas that have become turbid during the processes that have occurred are removed;
resection of the membrane flap to the retina is possible.

The recovery period is 2 weeks. In case of irreversible changes, visual acuity may not be restored. In other situations it is prescribed specialized treatment and rehabilitation procedures.

The dosage regimen is determined by the doctor. The course of treatment is usually 10 days.

Traditional medicine offers many compresses, tinctures and decoctions for the treatment of hemorrhage. It is based on tea and herbal lotions.

Specific treatment consists of using eye drops to remove redness. The drug is selected depending on the severity and cause of the hemorrhage. If a complication occurs, therapy is selected depending on the pathology that has developed. Glaucoma and cataracts require surgery.

It is important that treatment of hyphema includes avoiding taking certain medications. For example, it is not recommended to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as aspirin.

Therapy necessarily includes rest and rest for the eyes. And extensive hemorrhage with damage to the retina requires hospitalization.

In the case of retinal hemorrhage in adults, its underlying causes are of paramount importance - somatic, endocrine, cardiovascular, or the ophthalmological diseases, the result of which was hemorrhage, or the nature and severity of the injury. In accordance with this, a therapeutic strategy is chosen: absorbable and angioprotective drugs, thrombolytics, antioxidants and vitamins are prescribed (it is highly not recommended to neglect the last two points, despite their apparent “frivolity” and “banality” - such antioxidant-vitamin complexes are really effective and necessary to stimulate regenerative processes).

Therapeutic control and adequate measures to relieve acute symptoms of the underlying disease, if any, are important. With large volumes of hemorrhage, its recurrent nature and, as a consequence, the threat of unfavorable development clinical picture– resort to ophthalmic surgery, primarily in order to prevent retinal detachment.

However, minor one-time hemorrhages, the cause of which is, for example, an accidental injury to the eye, may not require special therapy: in some cases, the ophthalmologist prescribes only long-term rest and a gentle visual regimen, as a result of which the hemorrhage resolves naturally and without any consequences for the visual system.

In newborns, despite a significantly higher incidence of retinal hemorrhages, at the same time, compensatory and regenerative resources are much higher than in a long-formed adult organism. In most cases, retinal hemorrhage does not require special intervention: the symptoms regress on their own, and, as a rule, are no longer observed during a clinical examination after a month.

And yet, summing up the above, it is necessary to emphasize the extreme functional significance, narrow specialization, vulnerability and irreplaceability of the retina. You should not risk your own vision, or, especially, the vision of a newborn child. Consultation and examination by an ophthalmologist for retinal hemorrhage is as mandatory as the fulfillment of all prescriptions made by the doctor.

Our ophthalmology center successfully treats all types of retinal hemorrhages in patients of various age groups. Recognized doctors and modern equipment guarantee high treatment results!

Retinal hemorrhages, especially moderate ones, not associated with chronic diseases, usually resolve without treatment.

Laser surgery is a treatment option that uses laser ray to seal damaged blood vessels in the retina. Antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab are also indicated to restore retinal vascular perfusion in diabetic patients and patients with hemorrhages associated with new vessel growth.

The choice of treatment for ocular hemorrhage depends on its cause. Minor hemorrhages between the cornea and iris (stages I-III) do not require special treatment. Corticosteroids and atropine can be instilled into the damaged eye. Stage 4 hyphemas may require surgical intervention to remove blood clots that may cause increased intraocular pressure.

For subconjunctival hemorrhage, no treatment is required, but if it occupies the entire area of the eye membrane, you should see a doctor. Typically, the following medications are used to prevent hemorrhages:

vitamin complexes in the form of capsules or injections;
intravenous glucose;
drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels;
hemostatic drugs.

Vitreous hemorrhage is determined by certain symptoms and in the process diagnostic examination. First, the ophthalmologist determines the source of the bleeding. After this, a treatment method is selected. Hemorrhage in the retina is localized in the same way. Most often used laser coagulation damaged vessel, and the bleeding stops. After this procedure, physical activity is not allowed so as not to cause new bleeding.

Bleeding in the retina of the eye

They indicate inflammation or destruction of the vascular canal. For non-traumatic symptoms, an examination is required to identify diseases that led to hemorrhage. Most often these may be: hypertension, increased viscosity blood, tumors.

External manifestations depend on the degree of involvement of the retina in the process. Internally, this can be manifested by blurred images, floaters, a grid before the eyes, and decreased visual acuity.

A single and limited hemorrhage in the retina, as a rule, does not require special treatment, but vaso-strengthening and hemostatic drugs can be prescribed. Additionally, it is recommended to provide peace and rest to the eyes. In case of extensive and frequent hemorrhages in the retina, urgent hospitalization is indicated, as they can lead to complete loss of vision.

Hyphema - blood in the anterior chamber of the eyeball

Common causes of hyphema are blunt or penetrating trauma. Sometimes it leads to: thrombocytopenia, coagulopathies, iritis, etc.

Hyphema rarely causes visual impairment, but it can lead to glaucoma, uveitis, iritis and capsular cataracts. It turns out that it can be a consequence of the disease and the cause of its development.

When blood is infused into the anterior chamber of the eye, it becomes difficult for it to clot normally, since at this time the iris produces fibrinolysin. It takes about a week for a blood clot to form. Hyphema is usually treated as a clinical manifestation, but it is still necessary to find out the cause of its occurrence. If it is not associated with injury, then treatment is carried out in relation to the existing disease.

For post-traumatic hyphema, cycloplegic, corticosteroid, mystical drugs, etc. can be prescribed. If necessary, surgical treatment is performed.

Such hemorrhages take the form of threads, blood stains or stripes. If the hemorrhage is localized in front of the retina behind the vitreous, it may take on the shape of a “keel of a boat.”

Hemophthalmos can affect vision - complete lead to its loss, partial - to its significant decrease. Hemorrhage may be accompanied by the presence of dark moving spots and flashes of light before the eyes.

Blood in the eye socket

The main reason for this phenomenon is contusion of the orbit of the eye, but it can occur with vasculitis and blood diseases. External signs are bulging eyes, limited eye movement, diplopia, decreased vision. The appearance of hemorrhage one day after the injury under the skin of the eyelids in the form of glasses is a symptom of a fracture of the base of the skull.

Of course, not everything is so scary, but it’s better to go to the doctor. He will assess the degree of danger and, in case of urgent need, prescribe appropriate treatment. Many of the pathologies described above can be treated quite successfully if treated in a timely manner.

Treatment of the disease with medication

For example, “Emoxipin” eye drops are intended to strengthen the eye vessels. Plus, they help resolve blood clots and create effective protection retina from bright light. These drops are prescribed by the attending physician after conducting tests and examinations to determine the cause of the hemorrhage.

In order to understand the root cause, specialists conduct a series of laboratory tests.

Taken general analysis blood. This is necessary to determine your clotting ability and bleeding rate.

An analysis is also taken to determine the amount of sugar in the blood.

Even if the hemorrhage is very minor, an examination by an ophthalmologist is necessary. Any disease of the eyeball should be carefully examined by a medical professional, since hemorrhage is only the first symptom of serious illness (with the exception of frequent eye strain).

If the retina of the eye is severely damaged, with profuse hemorrhages, a specialist may prescribe a vitrectomy. This is an operation that removes blood clots surgically, and areas of the vitreous body where clouding is visible are also removed.

At the moment, there are no universal drugs that could completely cure the disease. Appointed special course treatment, after which a person will be able to get rid of the manifestations of hemorrhage and return to old life.

Of course, there are eye drops that can help with overexertion, but in other cases you should contact a highly qualified specialist.

Also, it is worth doing eye exercises, which will be very useful after working with small details.

If the degree of the disease is average shape severity, then traditional medicine will help get rid of blood clots which are located in the retina of the eye.

Of course, if you experience frequent hemorrhages, you should consult a specialist, since this disease can be caused by more serious internal

An effective remedy treatment vascular network is a decoction of chicory. In order to prepare the decoction you will need 6 teaspoons of chicory root, which you need to add half a liter of water. Then bring the mixture to a boil and let it brew for 20 minutes. Then you need to strain this decoction and drink 200 grams three times a day after meals. Also, this decoction should be used to wash the eyes. Wet a cotton swab and apply it to the eye for 10 minutes.

Raw meat is one of the most common foods that can be used to cure the disease. If there is bleeding in the eyeball

occurred from an impact, then place a small piece of raw meat on your eye. This procedure helps relieve swelling and will also reduce the duration of hemorrhage. After several procedures, the blood volume will noticeably decrease.

Ice. This product can help relieve swelling around the eye and also stop bleeding.

Treatment of hemorrhage with folk remedies

Intraocular hematoma is a rather serious condition. Self-medication leads to undesirable consequences; a person can completely lose vision.

At home, you can only put a bandage on the eye and apply cold. After this, the victim is taken to the hospital. Hemorrhage is especially dangerous in children. Their eyes are more sensitive to various damages.

diseases.

Possible consequences

The consequences of hemorrhage depend on its type:

subconjunctival may occur arbitrarily and not have a serious continuation for the patient (if the pathology occurs frequently, examination is necessary);
for all other forms there is a danger of impaired refraction and even complete loss of vision;
Cataracts or glaucoma may occur as a complication.

Prevention

Preventive measures as such does not exist. It is necessary to prevent provoking factors:

avoid injury to the eye;
avoid strenuous physical activity;
before the onset of labor, pregnant women undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist;
monitor the development of diabetes mellitus;
timely normalize blood pressure in case of hypertension;
treat viral eye diseases;
observe myopia and myopia;
take vitamin complexes.

Many factors can contribute to hemorrhage in the eye: from injury to diabetes. Some types of pathology resolve on their own or with the help of local therapy. Others require surgical intervention. The severity and treatment methods can only be determined by a specialist. In our other articles you can familiarize yourself with the causes of clouding of the cornea of the eye.

It is possible to prevent the formation of intraocular hemorrhage. To do this you need to comply the following recommendations:

avoid traumatic situations;
treat systemic diseases;
seek help for eye diseases.

Intraocular hemorrhage is an unsafe pathology. Without treatment, it can result in irreversible vision loss. Only an ophthalmologist can help the victim.

In order to prevent eye hemorrhages, you should follow simple rules:

avoid eye injuries and damage;
visit an ophthalmologist regularly;
get rid of bad habits.

People of all races and all walks of life are prone to the disease. The incidence rate is lower in third world countries, which confirms the theory of the “stressful” origin of the disease.

Despite the fact that this disease is characterized chronic course– sharp jumps or a malignant course are not uncommon for him. Malignant hypertension is a pathological condition for which retinopathy (pathology of the retina) and necrosis of nephron arterioles are pathognomic. Of course, treatment of malignant hypertension is carried out under the strict supervision of a physician.

An informative and main diagnostic method used to determine malignant arterial hypertension is measuring blood pressure using the Korotkoff method. To do this, the patient must have a tonometer with him. It can be electronic or mechanical. The tonometer must be properly calibrated, checked by a specialist and compared with the indicators of other tonometers.

It is important to conduct the study 10-15 minutes after a quiet rest. In no case should you start measuring after stress, climbing stairs or other unusual physical activity patient.

A couple of hours before the test, the patient is not recommended to drink caffeine-rich drinks (teas, coffee). Smoking is also not recommended. Often errors arise due to a discrepancy between the size of the cuff and the volume of the patient’s shoulder. The tonometer must be pre-selected in accordance with the patient’s arm circumference.

The patient's hand should be relaxed and at the level of the heart, that is, a large pillow or other handy device is usually placed under the arm.

A very important factor is the speed of air injection and release. The injection must be done quickly enough, and the release slowly, so as not to miss the first blow. Before pumping, check whether the valve is closed. An equally important diagnostic element is pulse measurement and Holter blood pressure monitoring.

Gathering history and specific data are valuable for making a correct diagnosis. During the examination, it is necessary to measure the patient’s waist circumference and calculate the body mass index, weigh the patient. A general blood test, blood biochemistry and hormonal spectrum will allow us to establish the true etiology of the disease.

Malignant hypertension is a difficult syndrome to diagnose, especially if the patient is old man. Often the patient has no obvious specific clinical manifestations. But the course of the disease is acute and prone to rapid progression.

For malignant form AG is characteristic:

Abrupt onset of the disease.
Very high blood pressure numbers.
High rate of increase in blood pressure.
The pressure does not decrease depending on the time of day.
Early onset of complications.
Visual impairment that appears suddenly.

Complications and organic lesions target organs occur in the early stages of the disease. First of all, pathological changes occur in the myocardium, brain, kidneys and retina.

Dystrophic changes in cardiomyocytes occur in the myocardium, which can increase the risk of heart attack.

Greatest danger malignant hypertension represents for the brain. With numbers exceeding 200 divisions, the patient’s risk of having a hemorrhagic stroke increases hundreds of times. Blood pressure during a stroke often reaches maximum levels. The blood in the vessels of the brain “beats” with enormous force, as a result of which the fragile endothelium of the cerebral arteries cannot withstand it and “breaks”.

It should be noted that the symptoms and treatment methods for the disease are almost the same in all patients. Therefore, if you apply for timely medical care, then there is a high chance of recovery.

Surely, many have encountered a situation where, upon approaching the mirror, they had to observe a hemorrhage in the eye. This phenomenon can cause panic and shock. Not everyone knows how to behave in such situations. The question immediately arises of what to do: try to cope with the problem at home or seek help qualified help see an ophthalmologist.

Bleeding in the eye. Self-medication or highly qualified help

Not only from severe physical activity Bleeding in the eye may occur. The reasons can be very different. Quite often, this phenomenon can signal serious illnesses. Therefore, it is worth recommending that if any eye injury occurs, you must seek advice from specialists.

Remember that the severity of the injury cannot always be determined by the degree of contusion. If you have had bleeding in your eye more than once, you already know what to do, but you should consult a doctor. It is also necessary to undergo an examination to identify real reasons fragility of blood vessels.

Causes of hemorrhage in the eye

The reasons can be very different, for example, injury. Most often, hemorrhage in the eye occurs due to contusion, that is, mechanical damage. It is not uncommon for a bruise to appear after damage to the bone of the skull or chest. Such injuries provoke intraocular hemorrhage.

Bruising may also occur due to weak blood vessels. As a rule, this is due to cancer or internal diseases. In any case, you should apply for assistance professional help to make a correct diagnosis, because you cannot do it on your own. Regardless of the cause of the hemorrhage, you should definitely contact an experienced specialist. He will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. Under no circumstances should you even try to cope with this on your own. serious illness. Any incorrect actions can cause vision loss. It is also worth remembering to seek help from a doctor in a timely manner. The likelihood of vision restoration also depends on this.

Traumatic hemorrhage

If the bruise appears due to injury, you should act very quickly, because we are talking about the preservation of vision. In some cases, vision deteriorates immediately, in others the process occurs slowly. It also happens that as a result of a severe contusion of the eye, vision disappears completely.

Degrees of eye contusion

In total, there are three degrees of contusion depending on severity. The first is characterized by the fact that the hemorrhage in the eye was insignificant. As a result of such damage, the eyeball was not damaged and vision did not deteriorate. Quite quickly, traces of bruising disappear completely, and the person recovers.

The second degree of contusion is characterized by the fact that with such hemorrhage in the eye, patients, as a rule, see only light. Their ability to clearly distinguish objects is impaired. With proper and timely treatment, there is a high probability of vision restoration.

The third degree is the most difficult. With such hemorrhages, vision is not restored. This is due to the fact that the eyeball is completely damaged and irreversible changes have occurred in the very structure of the eye tissue.

Non-traumatic hemorrhage in the eye

The eye is an organ that is abundantly supplied with blood and has an extensive network of blood vessels. Due to certain diseases, the elasticity and permeability of the walls of the eye vessels may change. Bleeding in the eye can be a symptom of diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, myopia, collagenosis. Also, bruising may indicate hematological diseases, blood clotting disorders, hypertension, abnormalities of the blood vessels of the eye, disease of the retina and intraocular tumors that compress the blood vessels.

Symptoms

If we consider the symptoms of hemorrhage in the eye, it is worth noting that it can be directly in the orbit, the anterior chamber of the eye, the vitreous body and the retina behind it. Symptoms depend on where the bruise occurs. The location can also determine the complications that will accompany hemorrhage in the eye.

Types of hemorrhages in the eye

Orbital contusion refers to hemorrhage in the orbit. In this case, a bruise appears near the conjunctiva and skin of the eyelids. A skull fracture is indicated by a bruise that appeared a day after the injury and in appearance resembles glasses on the skin near the eyelids. With contusion of the ocular orbit, the motor ability of the eye is impaired, the eyeball protrudes, visual acuity decreases, and images become double.

If hemorrhage has occurred in the anterior chamber of the eye, it can be identified by a spot with black contours of a homogeneous structure.

If the head is located in vertical position, That blood stain flows down. When positioned horizontally, it will be distributed throughout the entire anterior chamber. As a rule, such a bruise resolves on its own. If it does not go away after ten days, it should be assumed that cataracts are developing, the choroid is inflamed, or glaucoma has begun.

Hemorrhage into the vitreous body of the eye is a serious injury in which it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible. The spot in this case is located behind the lens. It can cause fiber detachment, atrophy of the eyeball, deterioration or loss of vision. With such a bruise, flashes of light or “spots” may suddenly appear in front of the eyes.

Retinal hemorrhage is characterized by the appearance of a mesh that interferes with vision. With such a bruise, objects become blurred, visual acuity decreases, the retina detaches, or complete loss of vision occurs.

Diagnosis of hemorrhage in the eye

To find out the reason why the bruise appeared, a series of examinations should be carried out. These include a fundus examination, a blood sugar test, and a general urine test. Depending on the severity, specific examinations may be additionally prescribed, for example, microdensitometry and ultrasonography. After examining hemorrhage in the eye, treatment is prescribed strictly individually.

Treatment of the disease

The characteristics of the course of the disease and the speed of recovery directly depend on the reason for the hemorrhage in the eye. Treatment is prescribed taking into account the area that was affected. These factors are decisive when choosing appropriate medications and procedures. This issue must be resolved by an experienced specialist and under his supervision. Traditional methods can only worsen the situation or cause complete loss of vision. Drops for bleeding in the eye, for example, will reduce pain, but you still need to see a doctor.

To treat hyphema, drops of three percent iodide are usually prescribed, which should be instilled into the affected eye. Quite often, in case of bruising, special operations are performed to cleanse the eye of a bloody clot. Don’t worry or panic if you have a hemorrhage in your eye for the first time. Experts will tell you what to do in such a situation. They will provide you with complete peace and relaxation for your visual organs.

If repeated bleeding in the eye occurs, treatment is reduced to mandatory and urgent hospitalization. It is also necessary when a bruise is noted in the orbital cavity. This type of bruising is fraught with complications that can cause vision loss. In particular, you should not joke with hemorrhages that have formed in the eye area and resemble glasses in appearance. In case of hemorrhage into the vitreous body, you should also contact the doctor as soon as possible. ophthalmology clinic to receive timely consultation and assistance from experienced ophthalmologists.

If we talk about traditional medicine, then we can say with complete confidence that none of its methods will defeat hemorrhage in the eye. Treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor. Don’t even think about experimenting, because the organs of vision are one of the most important for every person. Remember that even a small mistake during treatment can cause irreversible consequences. And not every mistake made in such situations can be corrected in the future. Not everyone will pay attention to a small bruise that may hide serious problem. In fact, not everyone knows what a hemorrhage in the eye can actually signal. The causes and treatment of this disease are within the competence of experienced specialists. And only they can resolve this issue with minimal consequences for the patient’s health.

Retinal hemorrhage is a visual disorder that occurs due to damage to the eye vessels. As a result of the development of pathology, bleeding occurs into the retina tissue.

Often the causes of hemorrhage are mechanical damage to the organ of vision (contusions that can occur due to a blow to the head, face, etc.); some serious diseases can also provoke the pathological process.

Root causes of hemorrhage:

Arterial hypertension.
Leukemia, anemia and other blood diseases.
Intraocular tumors.
Inflammatory pathologies of the choroid.
Myopia in later stages of development.
Systemic connective tissue diseases: vasculitis, scleroderma.
Atherosclerosis and other diseases.

Strong screaming or coughing can also cause damage to the eye vessels. Retinal hemorrhage is sometimes diagnosed in women during labor during childbirth.

Cardio training and excessively intense sports can also cause bleeding in the retina.

Symptoms of retinal hemorrhage

As the pathological process develops, the presence of blood in the eye may be almost unnoticeable, but since the retina contains visual receptors, the condition of hemorrhage is very dangerous.

General signs of illness:

Flickering in the eyes of the so-called “flies”.
Blurred and split image.
Feeling of pressure in the eye.
Decreased visual acuity.
Formation of a grid before the eyes.

Initially, a gradually growing cloudy spot appears before the patient’s eyes. If the localization of the hemorrhage is large, vision may completely disappear. The ability to see normally decreases especially quickly when there is bleeding in the center of the macular zone.

Even a minor hemorrhage in the organ of vision requires professional consultation with a doctor, since there is a risk of retinal detachment, and this condition already leads to blindness.

Diagnosis and treatment of retinal hemorrhage

During diagnostic measures The doctor will examine the fundus of the eye using an ophthalmoscope. Patients with signs of retinal hemorrhage are required to undergo a general blood test; such a laboratory test will help identify the root cause of the development of the pathology.

If there is heavy defeat retina and extensive hemorrhage, then an operation is performed - vitrectomy. During surgery, formed blood clots and clouded areas of the vitreous body of the organ of vision are removed. The ability to see normally after surgery is restored within a few weeks. If lesions optic nerve and the retinas were voluminous, then after the recovery period vision may remain poor.

Drug therapy includes vascular-strengthening and hemostatic pharmacological agents. Patients are required to be prescribed vitamins K and C, because vitamin preparations improve blood clotting and have a positive effect on the walls of blood vessels.

If a moderate hemorrhage in the retina is diagnosed, which is not associated with the progression of serious diseases in the body, then patients are advised to rest and the load on the organ of vision should be reduced. Doctors advise sitting for a while with your eyes closed, like this preventive measures promote natural blood sedimentation. You should take care of the hygiene of the organ of vision; you should not allow specks or any other substances to get into your eyes. foreign bodies. If you follow all the ophthalmologist's recommendations, your ability to see normally will be restored within 2.5-4 weeks.

Patients who have weak retinal vessels in for preventive purposes It is recommended to avoid sudden bends down or turns of the head. In addition, you should constantly strengthen your immunity and promptly treat general pathologies, then the risk of bleeding into the retina tissue will be significantly reduced.

For diagnosis and treatment of retinal hemorrhage, contact the President-Med medical centers in Moscow (Kolomenskaya and VDNKh) and Vidnoye