home Endocrinology I inhaled the fumes from the cleaning product. Poisoning with household chemicals

I inhaled the fumes from the cleaning product. Poisoning with household chemicals

Proper Use drugs household chemicals usually does not cause acute poisoning. Poisoning is possible due to improper use of a certain chemical and non-compliance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Danger for children

Most often, poisoning from household chemicals occurs in children 2-3 years old, who, out of curiosity, attracted by the smell and bright packaging, swallow powders, inhale their vapors, etc. Poisoning with household chemicals ranks third after poisoning with drugs and nicotine. The harmful health effects of these drugs may not be immediately apparent. Chemicals contained in various drugs household chemicals, even when used correctly, can pose a hazard to human health, for example, cause chronic poisoning or promote education cancerous tumor. In addition, many substances can cause allergies. Indirect poisoning from household chemicals is also possible, when chemicals enter the human body through food or contaminated water.

Symptoms of poisoning from household chemicals

Nausea.
Vomit.
Dyspnea.
Impaired consciousness.
Foaming at the mouth, convulsions.

Causes of poisoning with household chemicals

Many household chemicals contain active substances, which, if they come into contact with the mucous membranes of the human body, can lead to poisoning, for example, if they are inhaled or swallowed.

Washing powder and detergents are very harmful substances

Household chemicals contain many harmful substances. For example, using toilet cleaners produces harmful alkaline gases (ammonia), which can cause severe irritation and nausea. In addition, ammonia can also cause hives in sensitive people. Therefore, these products should only be used in well-ventilated areas. If household chemicals containing chlorine compounds are used incorrectly, chlorine gas is released. With a strong increase in the concentration of chlorine in the air inhaled by a person, blood circulation and breathing may stop. Too much harmful substances (such as those found in some stain removers or carpet cleaners) in an unventilated area can cause redness of the skin, nausea and dizziness.

Choking hazard

If a child accidentally drinks some of the hand wash, nausea and vomiting may occur, but this is not life-threatening. However, foam generated in the mouth and stomach may enter the Airways and cause suffocation.

Taking any medications on your own to remove toxins is strictly prohibited, because... Illiterate actions can cause even greater harm. Call an ambulance, toxicology department or intensive care unit immediately.

First aid

When providing assistance in case of poisoning with household chemicals, follow the following recommendations:

If the victim is conscious, he should drink as much as possible, but this must be done little by little and very carefully so as not to induce vomiting. Do not stimulate vomiting! If the vomit contains chemicals that cause a burn, the mucous membrane of the esophagus and oral cavity will be affected; In addition, foam may enter the lungs.
If household chemicals come into contact with the eyes, the eyes should be rinsed immediately. big amount water and thus try to remove harmful substances.
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40% of household chemical poisoning is associated with contact with detergents and disinfectants. The reasons for undesirable consequences lie in non-compliance with the recommendations given by the manufacturer. Children most often suffer when their parents leave them unattended. To provide first aid you need to know the signs of poisoning and the specifics of treatment.

What household chemicals can cause poisoning?

Everywhere - at work and at home, used disinfectants, which include various substances:

Surfactants – present in soap, washing powders and dishwashing detergents. They effectively combat contaminants that are difficult to remove with water. Connecting with fat molecules, they are easily washed off from the surface. Surfactants have a negative effect on the skin, disrupting its protective layer. These substances accumulate in the brain, liver, muscle structures and heart.
Oxidizing agents – found in chlorine and oxygen bleaches, stain removers, and plumbing cleaners. Used for disinfection to destroy organic compounds.
Alkalis - based on them, detergents for kitchen utensils and various cleaners for sewer pipes have been developed.
Acids – designed to remove stubborn stains. It is recommended to use rubber gloves to eliminate the possibility of contact with skin.

According to statistics, children and pregnant women whose bodies are not yet strong or are weakened are more susceptible to the development of poisoning.

Causes of intoxication

Poisoning from household chemicals most often occurs when using low-quality products that contain increased content oxalic acid and chlorine. There are several ways of causing harm to the human body when in contact with detergents, cleaning agents and disinfectants.

The mechanism of poisoning is the same for all household chemicals:

Ingestion - a child may taste the product out of curiosity, and an adult may confuse it with drinking water.
Contact with skin – prolonged and frequent use leads to a decrease in the protective properties of the skin, which can lead to damage.
Contact with mucous membranes – in case of contact with eyes, oral cavity or in the digestive tract there is a decrease in their functions.
Inhalation – Most products emit toxic fumes and should not be used in areas where there is no ventilation.

Symptoms of poisoning

When the body is exposed to toxic substances, the development of characteristic symptoms poisoning with household chemicals:

Surfactant – pain in the intestines and stomach, the appearance of foamy discharge from the mouth, difficulty breathing and vomiting. The victim has yellowing of the skin due to liver dysfunction.
Oxygen and chloride oxidizers - if a person inhales vapors, swelling of the mucous membranes in the mouth and respiratory tract occurs, which is accompanied by suffocation, lacrimation and coughing. Constant continuous exposure is fraught with the development of anemia, vascular atherosclerosis and increased blood pressure. If penetrated inside, a burn to the stomach, erosion of the mucous membranes, liver damage and the development of hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) are possible.
Acids - chemicals containing these substances can burn the stomach and burn internal organs. Poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, severe pain, and attacks of suffocation.
Alkalies - signs include the appearance of diarrhea and vomiting with blood, swelling of the nasopharynx, pain in the eyes, attacks of suffocation and the appearance of severe discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result painful shock and pulmonary edema, the victim may die.

When the body is intoxicated, it is noted headache which turns into a migraine. A seemingly insignificant cough develops into a “barking” cough. Due to impaired liver function, a pronounced bitter taste occurs in the mouth. Quite often, a sign such as rashes appears at the points of contact of the detergent with the skin. With severe damage, large blisters filled with liquid appear.

The victim becomes weak and feels short of breath. Occurs profuse sweating followed by cyanosis. Possible loss of spatial orientation and decreased visual function.

Consequences

Penetrating into the blood, toxic compounds cause intoxication of the body, destroying red blood cells. This leads to the fact that internal organs do not receive enough oxygen. As a result, brain hypoxia develops.

The victim may faint. It is possible that cramps may occur in the limbs. IN in rare cases defeat occurs of cardio-vascular system(bradycardia, tachycardia), heart failure or arterial hypertension develops.

Among the most frequent complications chemical poisoning should be highlighted:

Burns to the gastrointestinal mucosa lead to scarring.
Chemical compounds penetrate into the lungs, causing swelling followed by respiratory arrest.
The kidneys stop coping with cleansing the body, which is accompanied by the appearance of blood in the urine.
Disorder of the functions of the digestive system is fraught with paralysis of the smooth muscles of internal organs.

If you notice symptoms of chemical poisoning, it is recommended to call a doctor as soon as possible. Before the ambulance arrives, be sure to take immediate measures.

First aid

While the doctor arrives, you need to do the following:

If a surfactant is swallowed, induce vomiting to maximally cleanse the body of chemicals.
If alkali or acids get into the gastrointestinal tract, do not rinse the stomach under any circumstances and do not induce vomiting. This will be the reason secondary lesion gastrointestinal tract.
If large amounts of chemical gas are inhaled, provide the victim with access to fresh air.
If exposed to the skin or mucous membranes, it is recommended to rinse them with plenty of running water.

If the victim has lost consciousness, he should be laid on his side so that his head is higher than his torso. It is imperative to clear the airways of vomit and make sure that the tongue does not sink.

It is unacceptable to give the victim any drugs when providing first aid. Only a doctor can decide on the prescription of a medicine, for example, activated carbon. Under no circumstances should you give the victim potassium permanganate or give enemas.

Treatment

Full therapy can only be carried out in a hospital setting and includes:

Gastric lavage (if necessary).
Blood transfusion.
Prescription of drugs to restore blood vessels and cardiac activity.
Inhalations that facilitate respiratory functions.

The doctor prescribes treatment based on the patient’s condition. It is mandatory to show the medical staff the instructions for the disinfectant or detergent.

Prevention

To prevent poisoning from chemicals, contact with them should be limited. If pipes become clogged, you need to work with cleaners with extreme caution, as they are highly concentrated. It is mandatory to wear gloves and a protective mask.

Before starting use, carefully read the instructions.
Store disinfectants and cosmetical tools in tightly sealed vials. It is advisable to buy bottles with childproof stoppers.
It is not recommended to pour liquid into other containers. Especially if we're talking about about plastic bottles.
Place disinfectants away from food. Designate a separate space in the bathroom for this.

If you are poisoned by household chemicals, do not try to treat yourself. Even with minor injuries, consult a doctor to eliminate the possibility of developing serious complications. Use cleaning and disinfection products strictly in accordance with the instructions and do not disregard the manufacturer's recommendations.

Especially many poisonings occur in children aged 1 to 3 years - the baby can get to a bottle of medicine or a chemical drug forgotten by the parents. However, poisoning also occurs in younger children (the mother overdoses on medication or mistakenly uses some other liquid, such as vodka, vinegar, etc., instead of water or tea). As mentioned above, acute poisoning in children is in fourth place among accidents.

Poisoning often occurs suddenly, develops very quickly and requires immediate attention. medical care, the effectiveness of which depends primarily on how quickly the nature of the toxic agent can be established. In general, everyday situations are so diverse that it is difficult to reduce them to any standard.

The most common are drug poisonings. Potent and poisonous medications should be stored in separate cabinets with markings on the doors and locked with a key. When dispensing such medications, precautions are also taken (stamps on prescriptions, the maximum amount of medication allowed for dispensing to one patient, special prescription forms for certain categories of medications). If the drug is prescribed incorrectly, the prescription is returned from the pharmacy to medical institution to discuss this case at a medical conference.

In everyday life, there is often no control over the storage of medicines (some of them should be in the refrigerator), their expiration dates and sorting by degree of toxicity. Medicines are usually stored in bulk in a box or on a shelf. It is very dangerous when there is no name of the drug on the packaging or the tablets and powders are completely scattered without packaging. Recently, the number of types of medications has sharply increased, and many parents do not even know their effects.

The danger is that clonidine is quickly absorbed, so urgent gastric lavage (calling an ambulance) and hospitalization of the child is necessary.

So, which medications are the most toxic and cause poisoning in children? First of all, these are antihypertensives - medications that lower blood pressure. Among them, clonidine (hemitone) is very notorious. Previously it was sold without a prescription, now it is sold with a prescription on a special form. The drug does not have bad taste(the tablet tastes sweet). The child becomes lethargic and drowsy. The skin takes on a bluish tint.

Cardiac drugs (cardiac glycosides), digoxin, digitoxin, convallatoxin, etc. are very toxic. Antiepileptic drugs are extremely dangerous. There are a lot of them. Here is a small list: phenobarbital (luminal), finlepsin, depakine, convulex, ecorate, epilim, suxilep. 1-2 tablets of barbiturates (phenobarbital), taken without any harm by adults, can cause severe or even fatal poisoning child aged 1 to 3 years. Almost all psychotropic drugs are dangerous - these are sedatives (calming) and sleeping pills. It is almost impossible to list them: radedorm, (berlidorm), reladorm, relanium, tizercin, etc.

These drugs are the most toxic, but a child can also be poisoned by a “harmless” drug, for example, antihistamines (antiallergic) drugs (diphenhydramine, pipolfen, etc.).

Ethyl alcohol (vodka) is often the cause of poisoning: 20-30 ml of vodka can cause small child severe intoxication, and 10-20 ml of alcohol can be fatal.

IN summer time Poisoning with bacterial exotoxins, mushrooms and berries is not uncommon (poisoning with these substances is classified as food poisoning). In addition to food poisoning, children may experience poisoning as a result of bites from poisonous snakes and insects.

If there is a suspicion that a child has swallowed some kind of poison, first of all it is necessary to find out what type of poison it is and urgently call an ambulance.

If these are caustic substances (acids and alkalis), then you should not give them to drink and you should not try to neutralize them with anything.

To avoid accidental poisoning, take good care of your home first aid kit and keep it out of the reach of children.

In case of drug poisoning, if the child is conscious, give him a large number of water. You can try to induce vomiting by tickling the root of your tongue. If he is unconscious, place him in such a way as to avoid inhaling vomit (tilt his head to the side).

Do not forget that you need to take with you to the hospital samples of the substance that poisoned the child, as well as some of the vomit.

Children can become poisoned out of ignorance or out of curiosity. Unlike an adult, a child is not yet aware of the possibility of poisoning. Children younger age They are especially distinguished by the fact that they put everything they can into their mouths. A cigarette butt can end up in a child's mouth much faster than adults might imagine. Parents need to learn to recognize situations that can lead to poisoning. Firstly, this is important from the point of view of their prevention, and secondly, this way it will be possible to understand that we are talking about poisoning.

Do everything in your power to keep toxic substances away from children. But even then there will still be many possibilities for poisoning, which parents, even if they want, will not be able to prevent.

Symptoms and signs of poisoning

If your child suddenly feels unwell, starts vomiting, or becomes very tired, undetected poisoning may be the cause. When children are visiting, it is easier for them to find medications or other dangerous substances in someone else’s household than at home. Therefore, be vigilant when, for example, you send your child to stay with his grandparents: there he may well find a whole collection of tablets and pills somewhere on the bedside table.

Symptoms indicating poisoning

Organ system	Symptom	Example
CNS	Impaired consciousness Hallucinations Ataxia Paralysis Convulsions	Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol Drugs Alcohol, phenytoin, antihistamines; organophosphorus compounds (E605) Insecticides, theophylline, salicylates
Eyes	Midriaz Ghosting	Atropine, belladonna plant, cocaine Opiates, organophosphorus compounds (E605) Botulinum toxin
Digestive tract	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Traces of burns in the oral cavity Dry mouth	Alcohol, digitalis preparations, nicotine, iron Acids, alkalis (dishwashing detergents) Atropine, neuroleptics, antidepressants
Leather	Sweating Dry, warm skin Cherry blossom jaundice	Nicotine, heavy metals Atropine, belladonna (belladonna) Carbon monoxide Toadstool, solvents
The cardiovascular system	Tachycardia Bradycardia Arrhythmias Hypotension Hypertension	Theophylline, nicotine, amphetamine Digitalis preparations, beta-blockers, opiates Digitalis preparations, theophylline, antidepressants Iron, sedatives Beta-agonists, nicotine, mercury, lead
Respiratory system	Breath suppression Hyperventilation Tachypnea Pulmonary edema	Sedatives, opiates, alcohol Salicylates Atropine, cyanides, hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons

Who provides assistance in case of poisoning?

In addition to the emergency medical service, which helps with severe cases, there are also poison treatment centers that can provide advice if needed.

Ambulance Service

In case of acute poisoning, when it is necessary to take it as quickly as possible necessary measures For rescue, you need to call the ambulance service. In this case, the ambulance doctor, when he arrives at the scene of the call, will immediately begin to carry out the necessary medical measures (for example, in case of poisoning caustic substances).

Poison Treatment Centers

Poisoning in children can be so varied that professional and, most importantly, individual consultation is often required. In Germany, poison treatment centers have been established at nine different hospitals, providing such consultation services to both doctors and non-medical people. There you can get information about whether they are poisonous adopted by the child substances, what measures you can take, is it necessary clinical treatment. Don't act rashly!

Fatal or life-threatening poisonings are rare. According to the Berlin Consultation Service for Symptoms of Poisoning and Fetal Toxicology, for 87% of all incoming calls there is no real threat for life. In such situations curative measures limited to fluid intake, medical activated carbon or antifoam agent.

In the past, overmedication has resulted in the death of children in a number of cases. Inappropriate and/or overtreatment accounts for one fifth of all child deaths due to poisoning.

Inducing vomiting

It is necessary to induce vomiting in case of poisoning with highly toxic and fast-acting substances. If a child has consumed plants, medications, or other substances that are moderately toxic, it is usually more appropriate to use activated medicinal charcoal to bind toxins and remove them from the body. If in doubt, consult a poison control center. Vomiting is caused by irritation back wall throats with fingers. How fuller stomach, the easier it is to empty it. If necessary, the child should drink a small amount of water to relieve vomiting.

Inducing vomiting is especially suitable in cases of poisoning with drugs or plant parts, but this method is only successful if little time has passed since the poisoning.

Attention: for young children brine can be fatal!

Under no circumstances should you induce vomiting with salted water - the concentrated salt solution can be fatal to young children.

Save the vomit if the poison is unknown and needs to be identified.

Attention: if you lose consciousness, do not induce vomiting!

Do not induce vomiting if poisoned detergents or caustic substances!

If your child swallows dish soap, other cleaning products, or fabric softener, gastric muscles when vomiting can lead to the formation of foam bubbles. Since the foam should never get into the lungs, vomiting should not be caused in this type of poisoning.

The esophagus lacks protection from caustic substances. In case of poisoning with caustic substances, vomiting cannot be caused for a completely different reason: acids and alkalis damage the mucous membrane. The stomach is reliably protected from the effects of acid and alkali by a thick mucous layer, because it itself produces hydrochloric acid. But the esophagus is deprived of such protection, and in case of vomiting it will be subject to repeated irritation. In this case, it is recommended to take liquid to dilute harmful substance. People suffering from heartburn are well aware of how sensitive the esophagus is. With heartburn, complaints occur when gastric juice enters the esophagus. Poisoning from caustic substances is also very painful.

For the same reason, solvents (for example, gasoline, alcohol and kerosene) are dangerous - they also destroy mucous membranes. But these liquids have a strong repulsive odor, so poisoning with them occurs very rarely and, as a rule, is of moderate severity.
Do not induce vomiting if you are poisoned with oil lamps!

Oils for refilling oil lamps (paraffin oil), produced in different colors and with various odors, in recent years they have become the cause of severe poisoning in children. Lamp oil should never get into your lungs! Therefore, if you are poisoned with llama oil, you should not induce vomiting. There are several known cases of death of young children due to lung damage. When purchasing lamp oil, pay attention to alternative options based on rapeseed oil - this is less dangerous. Also be sure to remember that children can drink oil for oil lamps not only from bottles, but also from the lamps themselves. They may also suck on the lamp wick.

Avoid improper first aid measures for oil poisoning when refilling oil lamps

Dilution with liquid

Diluting the toxic substance with liquid is necessary in case of poisoning with caustic substances, since they cannot be removed from the body through vomiting. Water, tea or diluted juices are best suited for these purposes. Do not give your child too much liquid, otherwise it may cause vomiting.

Milk is not suitable for diluting toxic substances. Previously, it was recommended to use milk to dilute a toxic substance in case of poisoning. Theoretically, this makes sense: milk has buffering properties, that is, it can soften the effects of acids or alkalis. However, milk curdles in the stomach and protein flakes accumulate in the folds of the stomach and intestines. If for further treatment If you need a colonoscopy, these flakes will impair your vision. And in some cases, milk even accelerates the absorption of toxic substances in the intestines. So do not give your child milk when you need to dilute caustic substances.

Also, do not try to neutralize acids or alkalis that your child drinks.

Do not give liquid to your child if he has drunk dishwashing detergent. After consuming foaming substances (dishwashing detergent, etc.), you should not give your child liquid to drink. The more liquid there is inside, the more foam can form. After taking foaming agents, foam is combated with medications such as Sab Simplex or Lefax.

Detoxification with activated medicinal charcoal

Taking medical activated carbon is the safest, fastest and effective method removing toxins from the body. Activated carbon in fine powder form is an indispensable tool for many types of poisoning. Due to its large surface area, activated carbon has the ability to absorb many different substances. This property is especially useful in case of poisoning with drugs or plants. This principle is also used in simple household water filters (carbon filters).

10 grams of activated carbon has a solute-attracting surface area approximately equal to three football fields.

Activated carbon has no contraindications, which means that it is safe and free of side effects, therefore, in case of poisoning, taking activated carbon will never be superfluous. But in the case of children, there is one big “but”: carbon tablets relatively large and rough, making them difficult for children to swallow. These tablets do not dissolve well in liquid. In addition, the binding of toxins with tableted activated carbon lasts longer, since the tablets do not use very finely ground carbon.

Activated carbon is safe and has no side effects. Therefore, you should purchase activated carbon suitable for poisoning at the pharmacy. Specialists at the Berlin Poison Treatment Center recommend the powdered preparation Kohle Pulvis from the manufacturer Kohler Pharma for these purposes. Even if you have to specially order it, you shouldn’t be content with coal tablets. Kohle Pulvis charcoal is ground into a powder as fine as the scales on a butterfly's wing, resulting in very fast action. Maximum effect achieved within 90 seconds. This useful jar should be on hand in any home where there are small children. For simple and quick application The drug needs to be filled with a screw-on jar with water or juice. Two lids will ensure that the jar is really tightly closed when shaking.

True, children are unlikely to drink the resulting mixture completely voluntarily. It all depends on the dexterity and dexterity of adults! For example, you can mix activated charcoal with cola, since they are only slightly different in color. In addition, you can somehow rehearse such a situation in a calm atmosphere and get the child drunk apple juice or cola with a small amount of charcoal dissolved in the drink. Then in emergency situation you will have fewer problems.

Diarrhea

In case of diarrhea, which often occurs during holidays, activated carbon tablets will help best. As a result of the activity of bacteria and viruses in the gastrointestinal tract, toxic metabolic products are produced, which cause diarrhea. For mild diarrhea, activated charcoal helps stop the diarrhea itself, while the immune system fights pathogens.

Activated carbon tablets should be in every travel first aid kit!

When should you not take medical activated charcoal?

Only in case of poisoning with acids or alkalis, activated carbon will not have any effect. positive effect, and in this case it should not be taken, since during a subsequent gastroscopy everything will be black.

Laxatives

Activated charcoal can cause constipation, but in case of poisoning, you usually need to get the poison out of the body as quickly as possible. An hour after taking activated carbon, you can resort to using laxatives. Buttermilk and lactose have a mild laxative effect. A reliable remedy is sodium sulfate. More detailed information you can get it from poison treatment centers.

The most common types of poisoning

Most common in children following reasons poisonings:

Medications.
Tobacco products.
Cleaners.
Poisonous plants.

The problem with cigarettes

Are you familiar with the problem with cigarettes? On playgrounds, in the park, on the sidewalk - everywhere you can find cigarettes.
cigarette butts Every smoker knows that cigarette butts are very poisonous to children. What used to irritate me the most was cigarette smoke, but with the advent of children, the real problem was the garbage thoughtlessly thrown away by smokers. Some time ago we were with our one-year-old son in an open-air beer restaurant. We didn’t have any toys with us, so our son started looking for alternative entertainment and started putting cigarette butts he found into his mouth. We grabbed him in our arms and didn’t let him on the ground anymore, but soon the child began to protest so loudly that we had to change tactics. We couldn’t prevent him from coming into contact with cigarettes, but then the next thought came to me: I showed the kid that he could throw cigarette butts into a nearby trash can. I demonstrated how to do this several times and it turned into a fun game. After that, every cigarette butt found ended up in the trash can, and tasting them became uninteresting. The son memorized this game, and if he now finds a cigarette butt somewhere, he immediately throws it in the trash.

By the way, nicotine is not a contact poison, so nothing particularly bad will happen if the child licks his fingers after this.

Signs such as vomiting or sudden fatigue may indicate that a child has been poisoned.

Drug poisoning

The number of cases where children take various medications out of curiosity is incredibly high, but most poisonings medicines not dangerous. Contact a poison treatment center for more information.
The likelihood of poisoning also depends on the amount of the drug taken and on its ratio to body weight. Paracelsus also said: “Everything is poison and everything is medicine; both are determined by the dose.” If your child has taken anything such as iodine or fluoride tablets, calcium effervescent tablets, cold medicine, cough syrup, birth control pills etc., then either you won’t need any special measures, or, as recommended by poison control centers, you can give your child activated charcoal.

Quantity plays a decisive role. Medicines that may have consequences serious consequences, usually affect cardiovascular or nervous system. These include, first of all, heart medications, as well as sleeping pills and sedatives. But the rule also applies here: do not take unnecessary measures! Call a poison control center!

For popular medications that children often swallow, the following dosages are safe.

Poisoning from cleaning products

Dishwashing detergents, cleaning products and laundry detergents form bubbles and foam when ingested. Since foam bubbles during poisoning can easily enter the lungs and, depending on their type and quantity, cause damage there varying degrees heaviness, you need to start by eliminating the foam. Sab Simplex is a silicone compound that effectively destroys foam bubbles by reducing surface tension. This silicone compound passes through the body without being absorbed, which is why Sab Simplex, like activated charcoal, has no side effects. But unlike activated charcoal, children readily take Sab Simplex due to its raspberry flavor. Sab Simplex is a must have home medicine cabinet, if there are small children in the family who can be poisoned by foaming substances. Medicine Lefax contains the same active ingredient1 as Sab Simplex and is just as effective. Both of these drugs have also been used successfully to treat bloating in infants. Perhaps some of these remedies are already in your medicine cabinet?

Sab Simplex and Lefax destroy bubbles and foam in case of poisoning from cleaning products.

Dosage Sab Simple lex/Lefax. At acute poisoning You can take from half to a whole bottle.

If you are poisoned by cleaning products, do not drink them with liquid or induce vomiting. The foaming agents themselves are relatively non-toxic and will not cause much harm. There is no urgent need to remove them from the body. Moreover, when trying to cleanse the stomach through vomiting, the foaming process will intensify, and a serious danger that when vomiting, foam will enter the lungs. Trying to dilute the ingested product with liquid will also increase the formation of foam, so it should not be washed down!

Dry bread

If you don't have it on hand special means to eliminate foaming, you can give your child a piece of dry white bread. This will not have an anti-foaming effect, but will help collect any remaining detergent in your mouth.

Plant poisoning

Are poinsettias poisonous? Everyone is familiar with the colorful poinsettias (spurge spurge, "Christmas star") with fiery red, pink or white leaves. This plant produces a white milky sap, characteristic of plants of the Euphorbiaceae family. But decorative varieties of poinsettia do not contain highly toxic substances. Their milky juice has only a slight irritant effect on gastrointestinal tract, if you eat more than one or two leaves. However, poinsettias are very toxic to pets.

Rowan is not poisonous! There are persistent rumors about the toxicity of mountain ash. Usually these beliefs are instilled by grandparents. Poison treatment centers have long denied these rumors. Rowan is not poisonous! In fact, raw berries may cause stomach pain, but this does not mean that they are poisonous. You can even make jam from rowan berries. There are plants that can cause irritation to the skin or mucous membranes (for example, Dieffenbachia). Since we are talking about usually harmless decorative forms, you can conduct a test yourself: bite a leaf of a plant. If within 10 minutes you feel only minor irritation on your tongue and lips without noticeable swelling, then you can safely leave the plant at home.

Many poisonous plants, their parts and fruits are unpleasant to the taste, so small children quickly spit them out. Usually the amount of toxic substances taken is small, so signs of poisoning are limited mainly to nausea or mild vomiting. Only every seventieth plant poisoning results in noticeable or severe symptoms poisoning Fortunately, cases fatal outcome after poisoning poisonous plants or plant parts are very rare.

It is believed that a child can eat one berry of any local plant without harmful effects. Keep in mind that it is berries that cause the most desire taste them.

Poisonous and non-toxic substances in the household

When in doubt, always contact a poison control center! There you can get individual advice. The list below contains short review substances used in household that children may swallow.

Gas poisoning

Smoke poisoning

Fires produce various flue gases. Burning plastic can even release toxic cyanide compounds.

Keep yourself and children away from any type of fire. The fire brigade and emergency medical services treat smoke inhalation cases on site to keep lung damage to a minimum. The seriousness of flue gas poisoning is often underestimated. Do not approach burning buildings or other accident sites under any circumstances - even at a “safe” distance. The work of the fire brigade is, of course, interesting to watch, especially for children, but smoke gases can irritate the lungs.

Tear gas

Lilac tear gas is used as a "distance agent" in self-defense or demonstrations. In recent years it has also become a popular "toy" for older children and is increasingly being used in classrooms or the schoolyard.

Chemical warfare agent in the bathroom

Never mix household detergents (especially chlorine-based ones) with other cleaning products. In this case, they can stand out dangerous gases, primarily chlorine gas. Chlorine gas is poisonous and smells like a swimming pool. First world war this gas was used as a chemical warfare agent.

Tear gas irritates the eyes, causing watery eyes and impairing vision. Direct spray into eyes may cause eye damage. In this case, it is necessary to rinse your eyes with water for at least 20 minutes. After this, you should contact an ophthalmologist or hospital. If coughing or difficulty breathing occurs, medical intervention is also necessary.

Buy the right household chemicals

The German chain of household goods stores "dm" sells household chemicals under its own brand Denkmit. These products contain a proprietary bittering agent called Bitrex, which prevents children from ingesting large quantities of the cleaner. Bitrex is extremely bitter. You can try it for yourself: the residue of Bitrex on your fingers will show you how bitter and therefore effective this supplement is.

What can you do in case of poisoning?

There are a number of measures that you can take on your own in case of poisoning. But the choice of the necessary measure depends on the type of poisoning. So, for example, in case of poisoning with sleeping pills, you should induce vomiting to clear the stomach, but if the poisoning is caused by foaming agents or oil for oil lamps, then this can, on the contrary, be harmful. So take your time and think about diversity possible poisoning. The information below will allow you to get general idea about the countermeasures necessary in a particular case.

Products from the class of household chemicals include chemicals for the care of property: clothing, appliances, premises, as well as cars. These also include disinfectants, repellents and glue.

Household chemicals

Today, each of us daily uses many different drugs household chemicals. Many of them are so effective and make life so simple that sometimes we don’t remember the dangers and ignore the rules for using and storing these products. Which is fraught with consequences resulting in poisoning from household chemicals.

The timeliness of eliminating the consequences is complicated by the fact that signs of poisoning can develop immediately, and sometimes after several days and months.

What safety measures to follow

Rules of application

The good half chemicals used at home is quite toxic. Poisoning from household chemicals can be avoided if you follow the recommendations on the packaging when using them. These may include the following information:

Use only in a ventilated area;
work with gloves;
prepare a solution in the specified ratios or proportions;
apply within the specified time;
keep out of the reach of children.

Types of toxic drugs

Knowing in advance about the degree of harm and the types of products hazardous to health, you can plan an algorithm for your actions in an alarming situation. Among the toxic household chemical products, the following can be noted:

Danger level

Considering the danger to which humans are exposed, household chemical products are classified into four groups:

safe - synthetic detergents, starching liquids, bluing and cleaning substances, mineral fertilizers;
relatively dangerous - bleaching, disinfecting, automotive;
poisonous - from rodents and for car care;
flammable - aerosols, solvents, polishes, to protect plants from insects.

Possibility of toxemia

According to WHO statistics, the number of accidents due to human contact with toxic substances is growing. Moreover, it has increased over the past thirty years. This is due to the presence of potent compounds in chemical products.

Ways of defeat

Poisoning with household chemicals is possible in the following ways:

through the gastrointestinal tract, when the drug was inadvertently swallowed;
long-term use leading to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body;
through the respiratory tract, inhaling persistent toxic fumes;
through the skin, when aggressive substances can not only cause a burn, but also penetrate through the pores into the bloodstream.

Clinical picture

The symptoms that indicate poisoning with household chemicals are similar in some ways and different in others. The difference is due to the type of substance from which intoxication occurred and the route of intoxication.

Main manifestations

General symptoms that characterize poisoning with household chemicals are as follows:

nausea and gag reflexes;
diarrhea, flatulence, constipation, heartburn;
pain in the lower abdomen, heaviness in the epigastric region;
headache;
weakness;
dizziness;
dry cough, tickling;
respiratory depression.

Specific manifestations

Every year, store shelves are replenished with a number of new detergents and cleaning products that include the latest active elements. In direct contact they provide negative impact on human body, causing chemical poisoning.

So poisoning with detergents, including washing powder, is characterized by:

Cough, shortness of breath - in case of poisoning with detergents

pain in the epigastric region, bloating;
high temperature;
pain in the stomach or esophagus;
spots on the skin;
burning of mucous membranes;
weakness, even to the point of unconsciousness;
convulsive syndrome;
cough, respiratory depression, shortness of breath;
decreased vision;
difficulty urinating, change in urine color.

Symptoms can also be more dangerous:

burns of the gastrointestinal tract of various locations;
pulmonary edema, making breathing difficult, leading to its stopping;
destruction of red cells (platelets), leading to the cessation of saturation of the brain with blood, up to a complete stop of cardiac activity;
blood clots in the urine caused by difficulty in the kidneys’ function to clear the bloodstream of foreign particles;
paresis of smooth muscles of organs.

Vapor poisoning is characterized by:

Poisoning with detergent during washing dishes or when washing is done, upon contact chemical composition with the skin manifests itself as rashes, with the formation of red spots, blisters containing fluid, small pimples. Possible development of dermatitis, allergic reactions, swelling of the skin.

Rescue measures

If you suspect toxemia, you should urgently call professionals. Help for poisoning with household chemicals should begin to be provided immediately, without waiting for doctors to arrive.

First aid for poisoning with household chemicals is very important, because toxic substances can belong to hazard classes 3 and 4. This is fraught fatal, if first aid for poisoning is ignored.

Independent measures

Everyone should know what to do when providing first aid. You need to react especially quickly if toxemia occurs in a child.

What not to do

Depending on what substance you were poisoned with, there are measures that are not recommended. Eg:

Do not induce vomiting in pregnant women

It is impossible to provoke artificial vomiting reflex in case of intoxication with acid, alkali, chlorine- and nitrogen-containing compounds, acetone or gasoline. This is due to their ability to cause swelling of the larynx and esophagus. This can lead to respiratory arrest.
Do not wash the gastrointestinal tract using potassium permanganate in case of intoxication ammonia, phenol, strong acid, caustic alkali. The best alternative is water.
Potassium permanganate should not be used in parallel with activated carbon due to its high oxidizing ability.
You cannot induce a gag reflex in children under 5 years of age;
If a pregnant woman is poisoned, you cannot induce a gag reflex. This is due to the ability of gagging to provoke bleeding and create a threat of miscarriage.
Do not give the victim anything to drink if he has drunk a foaming liquid or is experiencing severe pain in the abdomen (it may have a perforation).

Algorithm of actions

Depending on the substance and the routes of penetration of toxins, the algorithm of actions is as follows:

In case of toxemia from inhalation of fumes, the poisoned person should be taken out into the air and freed from constrictive clothing. If necessary, perform artificial respiration and indirect massage hearts.
If the patient is conscious, give him warm tea and provide warmth.
For acid toxemia, you need to make soda water solution(5 tablespoons of soda per 1 liter of water). Give this solution to the patient at intervals of 10 minutes, 50 milliliters.
Milk will help neutralize the acid-containing composition. One sip every 15 minutes is enough.
For toxemia, alkali must be dissolved in a liter boiled water 4 tbsp. vinegar (3%), and give one spoonful at intervals of 15-20 minutes. You can give 1 tbsp. vegetable oil at intervals of 30 minutes.
Give the person 1.5-2 glasses (a larger volume will provoke an unwanted gag reflex) of water.
Clean your mouth damp cloth or a towel.
Rinse eyes or hands thoroughly with running water.

In a hospital setting

The final treatment takes place in a hospital setting. The decision on hospitalization is made by a toxicologist. Treatment may involve a number of procedures.

Potentially by dangerous means household chemicals include disinfectants containing chlorine, insecticides (insecticides), solvents, paints, etc. If they get into the eyes, mouth, upper respiratory tract or skin, such substances can cause poisoning, injury or an allergic reaction.

To minimize health damage from accidental contact with a toxic substance used in the home, the following steps should be taken:

To warn possible harm For your health and life, when using household chemicals, always carefully read the instructions and recommendations for their use and follow them. Don't perform potentially hazardous work alone, have someone supervise you who can provide first aid if necessary.

In some cases (for example, when treating an apartment for insects), it is better to turn to professionals.

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