Modern methods of contraception for women. What is the best contraception for women
About 90 cases out of 100 could be prevented. However, women for some reason do not want or cannot use contraceptives. Often, patients are simply not sufficiently aware of what reliable ways to prevent conception are. Today's article will tell you about them.
How to choose a contraceptive?
If your immediate plans do not include the birth of children, then you should find out what methods of contraception are available. For women, a lot of funds have now been developed. Some of them are based on correction hormonal background, others refer to barrier methods. Some contraceptives may also protect against genital infections. Some drugs are suitable only for women who have given birth, others are preferable to choose with an irregular sexual life.
To choose the right methods of contraception (for women), you need to contact a gynecologist. The doctor will order an examination for you. After that, taking into account individual characteristics- the specialist will offer you several suitable ways. You can choose one or more of them. Read on to find out how to protect yourself from unwanted conception.
Hormonal drugs: COCs, patches and others
What methods of contraception for women are considered the safest? Experts say that when using hormonal drugs, the chance of an unexpected conception is almost zero.
There are several types. Before choosing one or another remedy, it is necessary to pass tests.
- Pills. There are different types: monophasic, two-phase, three-phase. Such drugs have many contraindications. They are not prescribed for diabetes, varicose veins, migraines, smoking and many diseases. You need to take the tablets at the same time. Only in this case the effect will be expected.
- Plasters. Less commonly used hormonal agents of this kind. These modern ways contraception is considered quite expensive. One patch is used for 22 days. This is followed by a week break. The pattern is then repeated.
- subcutaneous implants. Such contraceptives are used in cases where the use of a patch or tablets is not possible. Capsules are sewn under the skin for up to several years. As a result, a woman may not bother with taking pills and gets rid of worries about unwanted conception.
All hormonal ways contraception for women is based on one action. They stop the ovaries from working and prevent the release of the egg.
Barrier methods: condoms and vaginal products
most popular barrier method is a condom. However, it is used by men, not women. A condom is put on the penis before sexual intercourse. This method allows you to protect yourself from all infections, including syphilis and HIV. Condoms are suitable for women who do not have a permanent partner. They are also used as additional contraceptives. An alternative to such products would be
Barrier contraceptives include various spermicidal contraceptives. These are candles, creams, gels or foams. They are used 10-15 minutes before sexual intercourse and last for 40 minutes. Drugs can protect against certain infections and have a bactericidal effect. However, not all microbes die from these funds. In addition, long-term use of spermicides can disrupt the vaginal microflora.
natural methods
Most dangerous methods protection from pregnancy - calendar calculation, coitus interruptus and some others. All of them are based on the feelings of the woman and her assumptions. Often, the fairer sex, who prefer these options, are pregnant.
- The essence of contact) is that the man ejaculates outside female body.
- protection is used by women with regular cycle. The representatives of the weaker sex calculate the period of ovulation and during this period refrain from intercourse.
TO natural ways prevention include monitoring basal body temperature, examining cervical mucus, and so on. Whatever it was, but - a method of protection, not recommended by gynecologists.
Intrauterine devices
About the use of the IUD, expert reviews say that this method of protection is proven and safe. But it's not recommended nulliparous women, since they require expansion during the introduction of the device cervical canal. Intrauterine devices do not allow attachment fertilized egg to the surface of the endometrium even in the case of conception. Therefore, there is a guarantee of a contraceptive effect.
About the IUD, reviews of some women say that they managed to get pregnant even with the device installed. Such a conception is recognized as pathological and in most cases ends in miscarriage.
Postcoital remedies
After the act? In such situations, modern postcoital methods of protection come to the rescue. Preparations are produced in tablets: "Mifegin", "Postinor", "Escapel" and so on. They should be taken no later than three days after intercourse. The drugs are contraindicated in liver failure, smoking, thrombosis.
The action of drugs is based on the cessation of progesterone production and the separation of the endometrium from the lining of the uterus. The use of such medicines is necessary only in emergency cases. They are not suitable for permanent contraception. Side effects of drugs are nausea, abdominal pain, hormonal imbalances, and so on.
TO emergency ways contraception can be attributed to the installation intrauterine device. It has already been mentioned above. In this case, you need to meet the deadline of 5 days. If during this time you manage to carry out the manipulation, then the probability of pregnancy will be close to zero. But it is worth remembering that before similar procedure testing is a must. Some studies take more than five days.
Folk ways
Even our grandmothers and great-grandmothers knew how not to get pregnant after the act. For this, various folk remedies and recipes. But modern gynecologists are against such "amateur activities". The inefficiency of such methods has long been proven. But for general acquaintance they are worth talking about.
- Douching. Potassium permanganate is used as the basis of the solution for insertion into the vagina, citric acid and aspirin tablets. All these components are diluted in water. It is assumed that the liquid drastically changes the microflora and acidity in the vagina. That is why spermatozoa cannot survive.
- Another "grandmother's" method of protection is a shock dose of vitamin C. It has long been known that this method can bring menstruation closer. It is believed that after unprotected sexual contact, vitamin C can prevent conception.
- In ancient times, before sexual intercourse, women inserted a slice of lemon into the vagina. acid environment did not allow viable spermatozoa to enter the uterine cavity.
Finally
Modern medicine offers couples a variety of contraceptives. They are selected individually, taking into account all your features and wishes. If a woman has hormonal disease, then some medications can help eliminate it. Be sure to visit a gynecologist and choose the method that is right for you. By using contraceptives, you can protect yourself from abortions and their complications. Approach this issue responsibly and take care of yourself!
Contraception is a way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Throughout the history of mankind, many of these methods have been invented: from the usual “as lucky” to the idea of protecting themselves with pet droppings. Fortunately, methods of contraception have now been developed, from the description of which one does not want to faint.
How to choose contraception
Before choosing a method of protection, you need to remember that safe sex is not one that does not lead to pregnancy, but one that prevents catching sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and hepatitis.
If you do not have a permanent partner, if both of you do not know your HIV status (that is, there is no certificate), if you have a new partner, then you can only and exclusively use condoms to protect yourself.
For those who have been in a relationship for a long time and do not forget to take tests or are fond of donation, the choice of contraception is much wider, and you need to choose based on the effectiveness of the method.
- The theoretical effectiveness indicates how many women out of a hundred who used this method became pregnant within a year. Moreover, they used this method ideally: according to the instructions.
- Practical effectiveness shows how many women became pregnant in real world where even contraception cannot be used perfectly. For example, partners do not put on a condom at the right time, women miss pills or forget to go to the doctor in order to change the contraceptive in time.
We will show only data close to reality. The lower the number in the "efficiency" item in the description of each method, the better: this means that fewer women become pregnant while using this remedy. Because in different sources the figures are slightly different, we indicate the maximum number of pregnancies - just in case.
And do not forget to consult with your doctor which method is right for you.
Hormonal Methods
Pro hormonal contraception many people know, but usually only pills are understood by it. But hormones can be delivered to the body in different ways.
Pills
Efficiency: 9.
How does it work
Advantages
Very high efficiency when applied correctly.
Flaws
Tablets are expensive, especially new ones and as safe as possible, they have many contraindications and side effects. Due to a number of factors (drugs, illness, stress), the effectiveness of drugs decreases.
Injections
Efficiency: 6.
How does it work
Just like pills, you only need to take hormones in the form of injections not every day, but every few weeks.
Advantages
The same as with tablets, but you don’t have to think about taking the drug every day.
Flaws
The same as the tablets, plus you need to come to the clinic often for a second injection.
Rings
Efficiency: 9.
How does it work
The ring, which contains a dose of hormones, needs to be inserted into the vagina and changed once a month.
Advantages
Same as tablets, plus whole month no need to remember the drug.
Flaws
It can be inconvenient to install the ring, sometimes there is a feeling of a foreign body inside.
plasters
Efficiency: 9.
How does it work
A patch with a dose of hormones should be glued to the skin and changed once a week.
Advantages
The same as for tablets, plus you do not need to remember about the drug every day.
Flaws
It is not always convenient to walk with a band-aid, an unusual method.
Implants
Efficiency: 0.09.
How does it work
An implant with a dose of hormones is implanted under the skin for three years.
Advantages
It works effectively, you can forget about contraception for a long time.
Flaws
The same as for tablets, in addition, the place where the implant is inserted can become inflamed.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods create an obstacle on the way of spermatozoa to the uterus. This is one of the most ancient methods of contraception, with varying effectiveness.
Male condoms
Efficiency: 18.
How does it work
Before sexual intercourse, a condom made of latex or other materials (they were invented for those who are allergic to latex) is put on the penis. The condom traps sperm and creates a barrier to germs that are transmitted through bodily fluids and close contact.
Advantages
Condoms are inexpensive and are sold in any pharmacy or supermarket, they are effective, they have no contraindications, they are easy to use. And this method of contraception is the best way to protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Flaws
You have to learn how to put them on. And most importantly - to convince the partner that "there are not the same feelings with a condom" - this is a very bad excuse.
female condoms
Efficiency: 21.
How does it work
The principle is the same as for male condoms: there is a polyurethane tube, only female condoms have harder rings at the ends. It is necessary to install a latex pouch in the vagina before sex, and remove it after intercourse.
Advantages
Protect against STIs.
Flaws
They are not convenient for everyone, cause psychological discomfort.
Neck caps and diaphragms
Efficiency: 12.
How does it work
These are mini versions of the female condom: they do not cover the vagina, but only the cervix, so that sperm cannot enter it. Diaphragms are larger, caps are smaller.
Advantages
It is not necessary to install immediately before sex - you can earlier (a few hours).
Flaws
At the beginning of use, it can be difficult to get comfortable with how to install and remove them. You need to consult a doctor to choose the size, and the effectiveness of the method is low.
Sponges
Efficiency: 18–36(the first number is for nulliparous women, the second is for those who have given birth).
How does it work
A contraceptive sponge is a kind of cap made from a sponge soaked in spermicide. That is, the sponge simultaneously creates a barrier and reduces the activity of spermatozoa.
Advantages
Can be set a few hours before sex.
Flaws
Same as caps and diaphragms, plus possible allergy for spermicide.
Spermicides
Efficiency: 28.
How does it work
Spermicides are substances that close the entrance to the uterus and suppress the activity of spermatozoa, thereby reducing the likelihood of pregnancy. Active ingredients are different and depend on the specific drug. Issued in different forms: candles, creams, aerosols.
Advantages
Inexpensive, with few contraindications and side effects.
Flaws
Sometimes they are inconvenient to use: for example, if you need to inject spermicide for some specific time before sexual intercourse, and this time cannot be calculated with accuracy. Sometimes they cause allergic reactions and discomfort in a partner.
Intrauterine devices
Intrauterine devices are an exclusively female affair. Spirals can be installed at any age, after their extraction there are no problems with pregnancy, but there is a practice in which nulliparous women and women under 25 do not put spirals - they are afraid of complications.
Spirals with copper
Efficiency: 0.8.
How does it work
foreign body- a spiral with copper - in the uterus causes local inflammatory response and prevents the egg from implanting.
Advantages
Installed for a long time, does not interfere in Everyday life, highly efficient.
Flaws
There are contraindications and side effects: appear irregular bloody issues menstruation intensifies. Installed only by a doctor.
Spirals with hormones
Efficiency: 0.2.
How does it work
A dose of hormones is added to the action of the spiral, this enhances the contraceptive effect of the spiral.
Advantages
Very high reliability, long life.
Flaws
There are contraindications, side effects from the installation, as is the case with a conventional spiral.
Cycle calculation methods
These methods of contraception are often practiced together in order to strengthen the others by the action of one. But even in such cases, these are not the most effective solutions.
calendar method
Efficiency: 20.
How does it work
To get pregnant, you need a mature egg, which is ready for conception within about a day. Therefore, if you calculate the time of ovulation, when the egg leaves the ovary, and do not have sex for several days before and after ovulation, then you will not be able to get pregnant.
Advantages
The method does not require any costs, you only need a calendar to monitor the cycle.
Flaws
This is an imprecise method. It can only work in women whose cycles are ideal and who always ovulate at the same time. And such women are not easy to find, especially since various factors - from stress to medications - can affect the cycle. Therefore, a woman can become pregnant on any day of the cycle.
Temperature measurements
Efficiency in theory: 20.
How it works
Essentially this calendar method, only with an extra dimension for fidelity. In theory, on the day of ovulation, the basal temperature rises sharply. That is, if for several months every morning without gaps to measure the temperature in the vagina or in the rectum, then on the day of ovulation, you can notice an increase.
Advantages
The method is 20 rubles more expensive than the calendar method: you need to buy a thermometer.
Flaws
It takes a very long time without gaps to measure the temperature, and it is better immediately after waking up, without getting out from under the covers. There are many factors to consider, because the temperature rises not only due to ovulation. The method is time consuming, but also not very accurate.
Coitus interruptus
Efficiency: 22.
How it works
It is necessary to finish intercourse before the sperm enters the vagina. It's not exactly contraception, because sperm is also contained in the lubricant.
Advantages
Worthless.
Flaws
All the time you need to worry about whether you can interrupt sex on your own. interesting place, and then worry whether it passed this time or not.
Sterilization
Sterilization is a surgical procedure after which children naturally cannot be born at all. Because medicine does not absolute numbers, then a ghostly chance remains, but it is a ghostly one (in case of an error in the procedure, for example).
In Russia, there is a restriction on sterilization: only people over 35 with two children can do it.
Women's
Efficiency: 0.5.
How does it work
During the operation, the fallopian tubes are tied or removed, so the egg from the ovary does not enter either the tube or the uterus.
Advantages
High efficiency, contraception for life.
Flaws
Surgical intervention, to conceive a child after the procedure is possible only with the help of IVF.
Men's
Efficiency: 0.15.
How does it work
During the operation, the surgeon ligates or partially removes the vas deferens, so the spermatozoa do not enter the ejaculate.
Advantages
High efficiency, no side effects and contraindications, does not require attention for the rest of your life.
Flaws
Surgical intervention, you can not change your mind and conceive a child.
Folk methods
Numerous remedies, such as douching with lemon juice or any other juice, may have a slight spermicidal effect, but their effectiveness tends to be zero. But backfire in the form of inflammation allergic reactions And discomfort you are provided.
For right choice method of protection against unwanted pregnancy in this topic, we will tell you what methods and methods of contraception exist. After learning about methods of protection, you can choose a more convenient contraceptive for yourself and enjoy love games without fear of getting pregnant. The term contraception refers to the prevention of pregnancy. different ways: Mechanical, Chemical, etc., moreover, some methods prevent the transmission of sexual diseases.
To determine the reliability of a particular method of contraception, we will use the pearl index, which indicates how many women became pregnant out of a hundred, using one of the types of contraception during when
NATURAL TYPES AND WAYS OF CONTRACEPTION
INTERRUPTION: It consists in the fact that a man, at the moment of receiving pleasure, removes the penis from a woman. The pearl index for this type of contraception ranges from 4 to 18. In most cases, the unreliability of this method of protection lies in the lack of self-control of a man when receiving pleasure, which leads to untimely extraction of the male organ from a woman and her fertilization. Also, at the time of sexual intercourse, pre-seminal fluid is released from the male organ, which may contain live spermatozoa, and even if the man managed to extract his organ at the moment of pleasure, this does not mean that there is no pregnancy, the woman could be fertilized with pre-seminal fluid, which of course is very rarely occurs and has no basis scientific evidence. Moreover, after a man has enjoyed, a part of the ejaculate remains in the channels of his organ, which, when re-entering a woman, can lead to the release of ejaculate and pregnancy, so that the remaining ejaculate does not enter the woman, the man is recommended to urinate. This type of contraception is psychologically negative for a man.
CALENDAR METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION: With this method of protection, it is necessary to calculate the days of ovulation of the egg, how to do this, read here: . The Pearl Index with this method of protection is from 9 to 40. Remember that the male ejaculate can live inside a woman from several hours to 7 days, and the average life is 2-3 days. Moreover, this type of contraception is not suitable for women whose menstrual cycles are irregular.
TEMPERATURE TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION: Is that a woman measures basal body temperature and keeps a graph, almost the same as the calendar method, but based on temperature. The pearl index ranges from 0.8 to 3.
CHURCH TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION: A woman observes vaginal discharge with tests, something like a calendar method. The pearl index is 15.
SYMPTOTHERMAL TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION: The method of protection, which includes temperature and ecclesiastical form of contraception. Pearl index 0.3.
MEASUREMENT OF THE LEVEL OF HORMONES: For protection using this method, tests are needed that measure the hormones LH and FSH in morning urine, indicating ovulation. Pearl index from 4 to 18.
LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD: effect protection method breastfeeding within 6 months after the birth of the child. Pearl index from 2 to 3.
MECHANICAL OR BARRIER CONTRACEPTIVES
CONDOM: A type of protection that consists of putting on male organ sheaths made of latex or thin rubber, in which, after pleasure, the male ejaculate remains. This type of contraception protects not only from unwanted pregnancy but also from sexually transmitted diseases. When using, beware of applying oily lubricants, as oils corrode the latex, and the contraceptive may break. The pearl index ranges from 2 to 12.
CONDOM FOR FEMALE: Unlike male contraceptive is not put on the male organ, but is inserted inside the woman. In all other respects, the principle of operation is the same as that of the male contraceptive. The index of pearl is from 5 to 25.
FEMALE DIAPHRAGM: A type of contraception, which is a latex dome-shaped cap with a flexible rim that covers the cervix of the female uterus. Pearl index from 6 to 20.
WOMEN'S CAP: The type of contraceptive is very similar to the diaphragm, the only difference is that it is half the size of the diaphragm and is worn at the entrance to the uterus. Pearl index from 9 to 20.
HORMONAL TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION
Hormonal contraceptives have various activities protection. Some hormonal pills suppress ovulation, which is expressed in preventing the development and release of the egg, other hormonal pills change the structure of the uterine mucosa (endometrium) and the fertilized egg cannot attach to the walls of the uterus, others can thicken cervical mucus which prevents the ejaculate from moving. Self-selection of hormonal contraceptives is not recommended, it would be better if a doctor prescribes it to you with a preliminary opinion based on the tests received. FAQ and general information Read more about oral contraceptives here: .
COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: These pills contain the hormones estrogen and progestin. Pearl index from 0.1 to 0.9.
MINI-PILS: Contain only progestin in their composition and do not have the substance estrogen, which, according to research, adversely affects a woman's health. Pearl index from 0.5 to 4.3.
HORMONAL INJECTIONS: Intramuscular injections are made every 3 months, the composition includes progestin. Pearl index from 0.3 to 1.4.
NORPLANT: Type of contraceptives inserted under the skin, containing the substance levonorgestin. Pearl index from 0.08 to 0.09.
RING NOVARING: A type of contraceptive containing estrogen and progestogen. Pearl index from 0.4 to 0.65.
EURA PATCH: A type of contraception in the form of a patch attached to a woman's skin and supplying hormones through the bloodstream to the woman's body: Pearl index from 0.4 to 0.9.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE: A type of contraceptive, which is a plastic device with a copper spiral inserted into female uterus. It prevents the advancement of the ejaculate, the attachment of the egg to the walls of the uterus and shortens the life of the egg. The pearl index ranges from 0.1 to 0.5.
TYPE OF POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTION: Applies this species with unprotected intercourse and the ingress of ejaculate into a woman. It consists in urgent acceptance hormonal pill after intercourse. Due to the high harmfulness of this type of contraception, it should be used only in emergency cases, no more than once every six months. Pearl index 2.
CHEMICAL TYPES OF CONTRACEPTIVES
CREAMS, AEROSOLS, CANDLES, ETC.: Entered into female vagina about 10-15 minutes before the start of sexual intercourse, see the instructions for the contraceptive for more details. Pearl index from 3 to 21.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE: Yes, this type of contraception can be attributed not only to hormonal, but also to chemical methods protection, since the composition of the spiral may include a metal detrimental to the ejaculate.
SURGICAL TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION
The type of contraception in the form of sterilization is used for people with children, since reverse recovery is almost impossible.
MALE CONTRACEPTION: This type of contraception is called a vasectomy or sterilization, which is a simple operation to block the seminal ducts. Pearl index 0.4.
FEMALE CONTRACEPTION: Sterilization of a woman, the operation is more complicated than that of men and consists in tying the tubes blocking the patency fallopian tubes. Pearl index from 0.01 to 0.1.
