home Audience 5 Non-infectious mumps treatment. Mumps disease and its symptoms in children. Late symptoms of complicated mumps

Non-infectious mumps treatment. Mumps disease and its symptoms in children. Late symptoms of complicated mumps

Mumps in children is very dangerous and is one of the top three infectious diseases. It is highly contagious and can cause serious complications. One of the most important vaccinations for children is MMR – against measles, mumps, rubella. Parents are advised not to neglect routine vaccination to avoid the risk of infection of the child.

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What is mumps?

Mumps is popularly called “mumps.” The infection affects the lymph nodes, mainly behind the ear or submandibular. Due to the swelling of the neck, the area around the ear and the large size of the swelling, the child develops an external resemblance that resembles this animal. This is where the term came from.

In complicated cases, the virus can affect the nervous system and gonads. Mostly children aged 2 to 8 years are susceptible to the disease, but sometimes teenagers and adults can become infected. Children under one year old practically do not get mumps, as they have antibodies to this disease from their mother.

The incubation period is 21 days, and a week before its end a person is still dangerous to society. For 10 days from the moment the disease is discovered, it is dangerous to interact with the patient. In the environment, the mumps virus is removed by high temperature, ultraviolet rays and various disinfectants, but low temperatures have no effect on him.

Causes

The culprit of infection with endemic mumps is considered to be a paramyxovirus, which affects only humans. It is transmitted from a sick child to a healthy child via airborne droplets and enters the body through respiratory system. In the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and throat, it is activated and multiplied, further spreading through the bloodstream throughout the body.

Doctors identify several reasons why infection with the mumps virus is possible:

weakened immune system;
vaccine shortages or lack thereof;
period of weakening of the body (winter and early spring);
lack of vitamins (vitaminosis).

If someone at school or kindergarten gets mumps, then the probability of an outbreak of the epidemic is 70%. Infectiousness occurs during the incubation period, without the manifestation of symptoms. The disease is endemic in areas large cluster people, densely populated areas, groups. It is enough to have mumps once to have lasting, lifelong immunity. The likelihood of re-infection is very low.

Classification of species

According to the stage of manifestation of symptoms, mumps is divided into inapparent (without signs of disease) and manifest forms. The manifest type is divided into:

Uncomplicated, when the virus affects one or two salivary glands.
Complicated when, in addition to the penetration of the virus into the ear or submandibular glands, inflammation processes in other organs are present in the body. A row appears serious illnesses: inflammation of the pancreas, testicles in men, meningitis, arthritis, mastitis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, nephritis. This form can be considered non-infectious when mumps occurs due to other abnormalities in the body.

In the inapparent form, the patient does not have any symptoms of the disease. Nothing bothers him, the child is active and lives his normal life, but at the same time he is already capable of infecting others. It is almost impossible to diagnose mumps in a latent form. The disease can occur in mild, moderate and severe forms, with mild severe symptoms, and with severe intoxication and complications.

How does it manifest?

The initial symptoms of mumps are similar to the manifestations of diseases such as acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections or influenza. Among them are:

fever, chills, lack of strength, lethargy;
malaise, complaints of pain in the joints and head;
the temperature rises (in mild cases up to 38, in severe cases 39 and above);
lack of appetite.

The main difference between mumps and other diseases is the rapid acute occurrence diseases.

1-2 days after nonspecific symptoms, an alternating increase in the salivary glands occurs. The postauricular and submandibular lymph nodes and sublingual salivary glands are susceptible to inflammation.
It is painful and difficult for the child to swallow, and salivation increases.
When pressure is applied behind the earlobe (Filatov's syndrome), a sharp, severe pain occurs, which increases in the evening.
The child may feel pain when chewing and swallowing food, so he often refuses to eat.

By the end of 6-7 days, all clinical manifestations gradually disappear, swelling and enlargement of the salivary glands subsides, and the child recovers.

Diagnostics

If the disease occurs with typical symptoms, then diagnosing mumps will not be difficult. It is more difficult to identify a disease with atypical symptoms. It will not be easy for the attending physician to make a correct diagnosis if there is no main symptom - swelling and enlargement of the postauricular lymph nodes or sublingual nodes. Therefore, additional tests will be prescribed:

Laboratory research. Clinical collection of urine and blood, pharyngeal lavages, analysis of parotid salivary gland secretions. An analysis is ordered cerebrospinal fluid if there is doubt about meningitis or central nervous system damage.
Serological methods. Enzyme immunoassay blood test for IgM and IgG, simple RSK and RNGA reactions, intradermal allergen test.
Immunofluorescent methods. Studying and analyzing cellular structures will help you get quick results.

Identifying mumps in children is not difficult. Additional laboratory methods studies are prescribed infrequently and only if the disease is severe or there are complications. The patient is examined by a local pediatrician who prescribes treatment.

What is dangerous and how is it transmitted?

Mumps can cause complications, affecting the genitals and central nervous system. In this case, it is not the disease that is dangerous, but its consequences:

When a child develops apathy, disturbance of reason, and severe vomiting, there is a suspicion that the disease has caused complications. May occur as serous meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalomyelitis.
If there are discomfort in the stomach, pain under the left hypochondrium, nausea, a complication in the form of pancreatitis may occur.
Mumps makes life difficult in the future. Boys develop orchitis, which leads to infertility. In girls, the ovaries become inflamed, the menstrual cycle changes and the ability to give birth to a child disappears.
Hearing problems - common symptom which may occur after a complication.

Mumps is an infectious disease transmitted primarily by airborne droplets; the likelihood of contracting it is very high. Therefore, it is important, when determining the virus in a child, for the entire time he is sick, to be observed and treated in consultation with a doctor.

How to treat?

Coping with mumps means relieving the symptoms of the disease and preventing complications. Before the child feels completely better, he needs to stay in bed for as long as possible, about 15 days. If the disease passes without consequences, then 10 will be enough. All therapy is divided into:

drug treatment (if there is a complication or there are concomitant diseases);
adherence to diet, diet;
proper care of the patient.

All methods of patient care and the advisability of drug treatment are announced by the doctor after examining the patient. If complications are present, hospitalization is recommended for intensive therapy in a medical facility.

Regime compliance and care

During treatment, the patient needs to stay mostly in bed, even with a mild form of mumps. This regimen must be followed for at least 7 days from the moment of diagnosis until all acute symptoms. Physical and emotional stress is strictly contraindicated. Overheating and hypothermia should be avoided.

If bed rest is not observed, complications in children occur 3-4 times more often. When caring for a patient, you should wear a mask as a precaution to avoid infection. People who have not been vaccinated against this virus should also not be allowed to see the child.

Diet

In order to prevent inflammation of the pancreas during complications of mumps, it is recommended to follow a diet - table No. 5 according to Pevzner. It is also necessary to adhere to simple but very effective basics in nutrition:

The calorie content of all food per day should not be higher than 2,500-2,700 Kcal.
Fractional consumption of food (eat 5-6 times a day, in small portions).
Drink at least 2 liters of pure still water during the day.
Food should be low-fat, easily digestible, so as not to overload the pancreas.

Drug treatment

All drug therapy aimed at relieving the symptomatic manifestations of mumps. It is selected individually by the attending physician, depending on the condition and course of the disease.

For uncomplicated forms, various antipyretic drugs are prescribed (Nurofen, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen). Baralgin, Pentalgin, Analgin are used to relieve pain.
If there is inflammation, glucocorticosteroid hormones are prescribed - Prednisolone, Dexamethasone.
To reduce the reactivity of the immune system, Suprastin, Zyrtek, Eden are recommended.
If the disease is complicated by pancreatitis, then enzymes are prescribed for better digestion of food: Mezim, Pancreatin, Festal.

The use of warm compresses is unacceptable, especially during the acute period, when swelling occurs.

Mezim (210 rub.) Suprastin (130 rub.)

Scheduled vaccine

There are no drugs in the world that can resist the virus that causes mumps. The only method that can protect a person from infection and reduce symptomatic manifestations, is a graft. It contains a lightweight virus of this disease. In this state, it is unable to fully develop, but when it enters the body, the required antibodies begin to be produced.

If a person subsequently encounters the mumps virus, then in 90% of cases he will not get sick, and if this happens, it will be mild, without complications. Therefore, it is recommended to vaccinate the child so that the resulting antibodies can attack the causative virus. If a person has had mumps or been vaccinated, he or she develops lasting immunity for life.

Mumps in children is a viral respiratory pathology, popularly called mumps or mumps, in which intoxication of the entire body occurs. It can affect not only the salivary glands, but also the parotid, genital and others. This disease is not fatal, but without treatment it can cause a number of complications. The disease is called childhood; children aged 5 to 8 years are most often infected; children aged 3 to 15 years are at risk. However, adults should not underestimate the virus, since sometimes they can also “catch” it.

By vaccinating children at an early age, the consequences can in most cases be avoided.

A virus of the Paramyxovirus family enters the human body through airborne droplets. Most often, the salivary glands are affected by its effects. Inflammation of other organs is sometimes observed endocrine system and even the central nervous system.

This infection is resistant to the external environment, and to deactivate it, you should use a solution of formalin (2%) or Lysol (1%). Otherwise, at a temperature of 20 °C, it poses a danger for several days, and at a lower temperature its life span extends to six months.

Causes of infection

It is possible that the mumps pathogen can be spread from a sick child or a carrier of the virus. When he talks, as well as when he coughs and sneezes, microparticles of saliva enter the air. Once in the respiratory tract of healthy children, the virus begins to multiply. Then it penetrates the blood and spreads throughout the body. This begins the incubation period, which lasts from 14 to 25 days. Afterwards, the first signs of mumps appear. It should be treated immediately.

In addition to infectious mumps, there are also non-infectious ones. It appears in a child due to the presence of other pathologies. And most often the problems that provoke it are in the mouth. For example, stomatitis, gingivitis, and in some cases caries, which can lead to inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. Swelling is present, but there is no pain. The most susceptible to mumps Children aged 5 - 10 years are considered.

Did you know that a child at any age is at risk of becoming a victim of the Coxsackie virus? Read all the information about it to be prepared.

Who is more likely to get infected?

There are a number of factors that contribute to morbidity.

Age from 3 to 15 years. Children are most susceptible to childhood illnesses. Statistics show that boys are more susceptible to infection than girls.
The child is not vaccinated against mumps.
Violation of the quarantine regime.
Weakening of the immune system.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of mumps in children are the same as those of a cold.

High body temperature. It can last up to 10 days.
There is pain in muscles and joints.

Additional symptoms of mumps in children may also occur:

Then they already appear pronounced signs behind the ears - swelling of the salivary glands occurs, and the neck becomes thick, similar to the neck of a pig. At the same time, it is painful for children to talk, chew, and turn their heads. Swelling can be one- or two-sided. In the first case, the baby’s head is tilted towards the affected gland, and in the second it is pulled into the shoulders.

After treatment, after 8-10 days the health of the sick child improves.

From the onset of the disease, the baby will experience elevated temperature. After its normalization, a repeated increase indicates the presence of a secondary bacterial infection. Here, parents should immediately consult a doctor.

In addition to ordinary mumps, there is also chronic inflammation of the salivary glands, which can be called nonspecific parenchymal parotitis. This disease is not epidemic in nature, a person is sick for a long time, and there are periods of exacerbations. In such cases, the salivary gland becomes denser, causing pain and intoxication. With parenchymal mumps, recurrences of the disease occur after 2-3 months.

Classification of forms of pathology

There are typical and atypical variants of mumps:

Typical. The disease manifests itself with characteristic symptoms.
Atypical. Symptoms are little noticeable or absent altogether.

The disease is divided according to intensity:

Mild degree. Only the function of the salivary glands is impaired. Chills and fever do not last long.
Moderate weight. Other glandular organs are also damaged. General malaise, fever, loss of appetite and sleep occur.
Severe degree. The pathology affects many glandular organs, and even the central nervous system. It is possible to develop meningitis or other irreversible consequences.

Complications

The most common manifestations of the actions of the mumps pathogen, when it causes only inflammation of the salivary glands, does not pose any particular danger.

Boys get sick more often than girls, and for male teenagers, the threat is especially dangerous. After all, pathology can in some cases result in inflammation of the testicles. As a result, infertility is possible. If a teenager has not had a bunion before, he should be immunized so as not to be exposed to such a danger.

Sometimes the following complications develop:

Pregnant women should be protected from contact with sick people, since the first three months of pregnancy are a period when expectant mothers must be extremely careful. Because after infection, miscarriage or fetal death may occur. At a later stage, the pathology can cause hemolytic jaundice in the baby.

Diagnostics

When mumps in children follows a typical scenario, it is not difficult to diagnose it, because the symptoms are visible visually. The doctor determines the disease based on an examination of the child and his complaints. Great importance has an anamnesis, because this disease belongs to the category of epidemic. Cases of the disease in kindergarten, school, and family are monitored.

Sometimes there may be atypical variants of the temple, then the diagnosis will be complicated. Specialists conduct saliva and blood tests to begin timely treatment. When confirming the diagnosis, antibodies are detected IgM class. In this way, mumps is detected when the symptoms are erased.

Later, after recovery, IgG antibodies appear in the blood; they are present for many years. The second time the virus is not scary for children who have recovered from the disease.

Which doctors should I contact for help?

Because we're talking about a virus. then an infectious disease specialist treats children. When any complications arise, you should contact the doctor who treats you. a certain system organs: otolaryngologist, endocrinologist, rheumatologist, neurologist.

A specialist, if necessary, can prescribe additional diagnostics, for example, MRI of the brain or ultrasonography hearts.

Treatment

There is no treatment that is effective for this virus. The child's body must produce antibodies itself in order to emerge victorious from this struggle. Doctors try to help a sick child overcome the symptoms of the disease so that he suffers less. It is also very important to protect the baby from various complications.

To avoid brain damage, medications are used to improve metabolism and blood flow. Antibiotics are used to treat a secondary bacterial infection if it accompanies the disease. Often given during mumps antiviral drugs, immunostimulants, immunomodulators.

To get rid of pathology, use:

Medication

Use:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for uncomplicated forms of mumps. They lower the temperature and reduce swelling.
Corticosteroids. They have a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, but suppress the immune system in case of complications (orchitis).
Enzymes. Helps improve the digestion of food. Used for pancreatitis.
Antiallergic medications. They reduce inflammation of diseased organs and are used in addition to other drugs.
Analgesics. If necessary, prescribed in connection with pain syndrome.

Diet

To prevent the development of pancreatitis, food should be prepared according to the doctor's requirements. It is advisable to give food liquid, well chopped. There are three product categories:

Recommended food: lean meat and fish (boiled), fresh fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, cereals, honey, confectionery.
Use with caution: sausage, omelet, cheeses, butter.
Prohibited foods: fresh bread, legumes, hot spices, canned and smoked foods, garlic and onions, chocolate.

Rules

Maintain bed rest.
Keep your mouth clean.
Drink plenty of warm drinks.
Apply throat bandages and oil compresses.
Rinse your mouth with a solution of soda or potassium permanganate.
Make sure that the food is dietary.

Treatment is necessary until all symptoms disappear.

Hospitalization

Hospitalization is indicated for children under 2 years of age, and children with severe illness also require hospital treatment. If a complication occurs, the affected organ is treated in the hospital. After recovery, you should be observed by an appropriate specialist for some time. If there was orchitis - see an endocrinologist, pancreatitis - see a gastroenterologist, etc.

The child’s body is able to kill the virus by producing appropriate antibodies. This way he heals himself. Antibodies persist for a long time, and therefore immunity appears.

Preventive measures

The very first and effective method prevention is the immunization of children. There are several types of vaccines, but they operate on the same principle. Antigens enter the children's body, and it creates antibodies against them.

Combination vaccines are most often used for immunization. They work against mumps, rubella and measles. The vaccination is given to the child at 1 year of age, and revaccination at 6 years of age. The reaction to the vaccine is positive, it is well tolerated, and there are no contraindications to its use.

There is also nonspecific prevention:

Isolation of sick children.
Disinfection of household items and toys.
Ventilation of rooms.
Mandatory mask regime.
Strengthening the immune system.

Mumps is one of the childhood infectious pathologies that causes damage to the salivary glands. The onset of the disease resembles a common cold, followed by swelling and pain in the ears and neck. It’s easy to diagnose the “correct” ear infections, because all the signs are obvious. Since the child’s body itself produces antibodies that defeat the virus, troubling symptoms are treated.

Better known to parents as mumps, mumps is an acute infectious disease. It’s easy to recognize a child with mumps – he or she is swollen Bottom part faces. We will talk about why this happens, what other symptoms this disease has and, most importantly, how to treat it, in this article.

Symptoms of mumps in children

Nonspecific mumps in children is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets. Through the upper respiratory tract it enters the blood, nervous system and salivary glands. The latter, under the influence of the virus, begin to increase in size. The skin in the affected area becomes stretched and shiny. The tumor may extend to the neck. The area around the salivary glands is painful.

Much less common are cases where mumps becomes a consequence of injury to the parotid gland or foreign body into its ducts.

Experts include the main symptoms of mumps:

The disease does not make itself known immediately. The appearance of symptoms is preceded by a latent period. Its duration is about 11 – 23 days. A sick child infects other children within two days before the development of the main symptoms of mumps.

Most often, mumps occurs in children under school age.

How does mumps occur in children?

The course of the disease can be:

mild (the temperature lasts 1–2 days, only the salivary glands are affected);
moderate severity(prolonged fever; in addition to the salivary glands, the testes in boys and the pancreas are affected; sleep and appetite are disturbed, headache and pain when chewing are observed);
severe (temperature can rise to 40 degrees; damage to the central nervous system is possible).

Treatment of mumps in children

When treating mumps, the main goal is to prevent complications. The medications are prescribed by the attending physician.

Drinking during mumps should be plentiful. Most often it is represented by rosehip infusion, cranberry juice and juices.

Nutrition is also adjusted for the period of illness. Excluded from the diet flour products, a vegetable-dairy diet is recommended. When it comes to porridges, rice is preferred.

The patient’s body develops a strong immunity to mumps, so re-infection with mumps is excluded.

Quarantine is declared in groups of kindergartens and school classes in which a person with mumps was present. Its duration is 21 days. If during this period one more case of mumps is detected, the quarantine is extended for the same period.

Effectiveness of mumps vaccination

Mumps in vaccinated children is an extremely rare phenomenon, since the vaccine has proven its effectiveness in 96% of cases. Disease occurs only when the technique of administering the vaccine has been violated or when vaccination is not carried out in a timely manner.

Vaccination is usually carried out at the ages of 1 year and 6 years. Children are vaccinated against three diseases at once: measles, rubella and mumps. It is contraindicated only for children sensitive to chicken eggs and neomycin. Reactions to the vaccine are rare. It may manifest itself as fever and slight swelling of the salivary glands. Most often, there is redness and slight hardening at the injection site.

If a healthy child who has not previously had mumps and has not been vaccinated against it has been in contact with someone with mumps, non-specific prophylaxis can be carried out. In such cases, children are given antiviral drugs, for example, interferon or groprinosine.

Thanks to mass vaccination, this disease is not so common. But if mumps in children produces symptoms, then immediate treatment is required to prevent serious consequences.

Mumps (mumps) more often infects children, while babies under 1 year of age rarely get sick due to the immunity they receive from mother's milk. The disease does not often affect children under 3 years of age. Schoolchildren and adolescents are most susceptible to the disease, and cases of mumps are recorded more often in boys than in girls. In young people aged 18-25 years and in adults under 40 years old, mumps is severe and almost always causes complications.

Symptoms of mumps

Once in the glandular organs, the mumps virus begins to multiply intensively. This period is considered an incubation period and is asymptomatic in most cases. Sometimes a child may complain about bad feeling, he loses his appetite, but nothing more. After 5-7 days, while the virus is in the blood, it can be diagnosed through special tests, and then the stage begins clinical manifestations mumps.

Since the salivary glands are most often the first to be affected by the disease, the first clinical sign of the disease is swelling of the face in this area. The virus attacks the parotid salivary glands equally on both sides, but sometimes a one-sided process is observed.

Damage to the parotid salivary glands is not so noticeable, especially in the first days and in an overweight child, but when the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are involved in the process, the face swells greatly, the skin becomes tense, and it is impossible to form a fold from it with your fingers. Hence the popular name for the disease - mumps.

Other symptoms are added to swelling of the face:

pain on palpation;
increase in body temperature up to 38°C;
dry mouth;
pain when swallowing, opening the mouth, turning the head.

Since saliva has antibacterial properties and takes part in the digestion process, disruption of its secretion provokes nausea, abdominal pain, and changes in stool. Sometimes the course of mumps becomes more complicated bacterial infections oral cavity- stomatitis, gingivitis, caries.

In the normal course of the disease, an examination by a pediatrician is sufficient to make a diagnosis, but in order to exclude an error, a special blood test is performed to determine the presence of mumps virus in it. Sometimes the disease can be asymptomatic, with only a slight increase in body temperature (up to 37.5°C). In such cases, the presence of the virus can only be determined through a blood test. The doctor resorts to it if the child has been in contact with the patient.

If an asymptomatic case is an isolated case in a children's group, then there is a possibility of confusing it with other diseases.

A child who has not shown characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease remains contagious to other children. And only when other children get sick is the carrier suspected of having mumps.

A complete diagnosis of the body is necessary if the mumps is severe and involves pathological process other organs. Complicated mumps in children produces very different symptoms, and treatment will require not so much the disease itself as its possible consequences.

Complicated mumps

Most often, the virus affects the pancreas. The patient complains of heaviness in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, and stool disturbances. Abdominal pain is paroxysmal. Amylase and diastase increase in the blood of a sick child, which is typical for acute pancreatitis. All these symptoms are also associated with the fact that the salivary glands do not function properly and the functioning of the digestive system is disrupted.

In school-age boys, especially teenagers, the virus can penetrate the organs reproductive system, causing orchitis or prostatitis (inflammation of the testicle or prostate gland). In most cases, one testicle is affected. It swells, becomes painful to the touch, the skin turns red, and the temperature rises. The last symptom is the most dangerous, because if measures are not taken, the consequences can manifest themselves already in adulthood. This is male infertility.

With prostatitis, the perineum becomes painful to the touch. And when rectal examination rectum, through palpation, a tumor-like formation is detected at the location of the prostate gland. In girls, the organs of the reproductive system are not affected so often, but cases of oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) as a complication of mumps are known.

Damage to the nervous system, which provokes meningitis, can have serious consequences. This is one of the most dangerous complications pigs. It is characterized by constant headache, elevated body temperature (up to 40°C), and vomiting. The clinical picture is complemented by stiff neck muscles, when the child himself, and sometimes with the help of an adult, cannot reach his own chest with his chin.

To put accurate diagnosis and begin treatment, a lumbar puncture is required, where cerebrospinal fluid is taken from the spinal cord and tested for the presence of the virus. Meningitis requires immediate treatment, as it poses a huge danger to the child's life.

Meningism has symptoms similar to meningitis, but the above analysis does not detect changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Both meningitis and meningism can occur on the 5th day of mumps, and only laboratory research will help you make a correct diagnosis. Meningismus does not require specific treatment, you only need observation (symptoms subside after 3-4 days), and meningitis is fraught with serious consequences.

Treatment of mumps in children

Mild forms of the disease can be treated at home. In fact, it is not the disease itself that is treated, but its manifestations. With mumps, it is important not to catch a cold, so the sick child is prescribed strict bed rest, especially if there is a high temperature.

When the parotid salivary glands are damaged, and especially when the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are involved in the pathological process, it becomes difficult for the child to chew and swallow food, so it should be soft or crushed in a blender. Suitable for a variety of vegetable purees, porridges, broths, pureed soups. As with any other viral disease, for mumps, warm, generous fluids are used. There is no need to warm the swelling; you can only use dry heat.

For moderate disease accompanied by high fever, antiviral drugs are used, and immunostimulants (for example Groprinosin) are used to maintain the immune system and to prevent complications. At body temperatures above 38°C, antipyretic drugs are used, especially for children under 3 years of age who are susceptible to seizures.

A sick child is isolated from children's group for a period of 14-15 days from the appearance of the first clinical signs illness.

Complicated mumps is treated in a hospital. If the pancreas is damaged, food should not only be semi-liquid and liquid, but also dietary. Spicy, fatty, fried, smoked foods are excluded. This diet will accompany the patient for the next 12 months, since there is a risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

At high temperatures, along with antipyretic drugs, cold should be applied to the pancreas area, and when severe pain use antispasmodics, for example No-shpa. To prevent the pancreas from being subjected to stress, the body is detoxified using saline solutions intravenously and the enzymes Mezim and Creon are used. In rare cases, it may be necessary to consult a surgeon and special treatment pancreas.

Testicular orchitis can lead to infertility in the future, so cold is used to relieve swelling and reduce temperature. Prednisolone is administered intramuscularly for 10 days to avoid testicular atrophy.

Children with meningitis are treated in a hospital under the strict supervision of a specialist using the diuretics Lasix and Furosemide to relieve meningitis. A necessary condition is strict bed rest. To prevent consequences, use nootropic drugs— Phezam, Nootropil. In severe cases, Prednisolone is prescribed, the dose of which is determined based on the severity of the disease. The patient can be discharged from the hospital only after a repeat examination of the cerebrospinal fluid if its values are normal.

Disease prevention

The most reliable preventive measure today is vaccination of children. It is first carried out at one year of age. Full immunity lasts for 6 years, so before the child goes to school, he is vaccinated a second time. Vaccinated children get sick very rarely, and the disease is mild and can be treated at home.

Nonspecific preventive measures are carried out among contact children using antiviral drugs - Interferon, Viferon. It is important to identify the carrier of the disease in time and declare quarantine in a child care facility for at least 3 weeks. Sick children can visit kindergarten or school only 2 weeks after the onset of the disease.

Mumps, mumps, or, as it is briefly called popularly, mumps, is a viral disease of a systemic nature with specific external manifestations. The main sign of the formation of the disease is an increase salivary glands, accompanied by painful sensations arising from inflammation.

For the first time, such a pathology was discovered and described in the 5th century BC. Today, mumps is a well-studied and treatable condition, which, by the way, has not become an epidemic for a long time. Therefore, the name “mumps” does not fully correspond to the truth, although the incidence of the virus among some small percentage of the population is constantly present.

The viral nature of the phenomenon was determined by specialists in the field of microbiology only in the 20th century. Until the 18th century, it was believed that the disease was local in nature, affecting only the salivary glands. Only in the 70s of the 18th century did doctors pay attention to the possible damage to the human nervous system by the disease. Russian scientists in the 19th century identified two main forms of mumps - glandular and nervous, and continued to study them further, including identifying the presence of - viral infection membranes of the brain, orchitis or oophoritis - damage reproductive organs both sexes, as well as pancreatitis.

Determining the etiology of the disease became possible only in the 30s of the 20th century, after in 1934, researchers Johnson and Goodpasture first isolated the causative agent of mumps from biological material of a patient. In 1947, scientists McDougal and Henley isolated the virus from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient, after which they began to actively study it.

Morphology and pathogenesis of the disease. With the development of mumps, the salivary glands have a swollen and congested appearance, and there are pinpoint hemorrhages on the cut. Examination of the glands under a microscope shows lymphoid mononuclear infiltrates in the area of ducts and glandular cells. Wherein glandular epithelium exposed dystrophic change, individual cells may die. In the lumens of the ducts, a thickened secretion containing leukocytes is visualized.

Risk factors. The only source of infection with the epidemic type of disease is the entry of the pathogen into the body, in which it causes a pathological condition and the formation of inflammatory processes. However, some risk factors may contribute to increased morbidity and susceptibility to developing lesions.

The risk factor influencing the incidence, first of all, is seasonality. IN northern hemispheres The seasonality of the most extensive spread of the disease covers the period from March to May; in the south, the disease more often affects the population from October to December.

Refusal to vaccinate is another factor that increases the risk of lesion formation. Recently, refusal to vaccinate is a problem that provokes outbreaks of polio and mumps, that is, those typical childhood diseases that can be completely avoided by carrying out timely vaccination in a child and repeating it for an adult. People without vaccine-induced immunity develop mumps after initial contact with the pathogen in 95-97% of cases.

Other risk factors include:

childhood;
general decline in immunity and weakening of the body;
failure to comply with hygiene and sanitary rules;
high population density.

Epidemiology of the disease. Who is at risk? The largest group is school-age children. With age, the likelihood of getting sick decreases due to strengthening of the immune system. It should be noted that adults, whose immune system does not have the ability to normally suppress pathogens of various diseases, are affected by this disease. Judging by reviews from doctors, newborn children, people over 40 years of age, including the elderly, extremely rarely get mumps. Boys and men get mumps more often than the female half of humanity.

Forms of the disease and types of mumps

Infectious mumps according to ICD 10 ( International classification diseases 2010) is classified by code B 26. Depending on the severity of the disease, the following forms of mumps are distinguished:

light;
average;
heavy.

In a mild form, the patient experiences low-grade fever, and also weakly pronounced manifestations intoxication of the body, or their complete absence, while the onset of complications is excluded. The average or moderate form is accompanied by a temperature of up to 38-39 degrees, as well as prolonged severe fever with symptoms of intoxication. The formation of bilateral parotitis with complications is possible. As for the severe form, it is characterized by high body temperature (above 40 degrees), for a week or more, and accompanied by pronounced symptoms of intoxication (asthenia, severe weakness, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, sleep disturbance, anorexia).
Mumps is almost always bilateral, and complications are usually multiple.

There is also an asymptomatic (inapparent) clinical type of mumps, when the presence of the virus in the body does not manifest itself in any way.

Depending on the presence or absence of complications of the disease, the following types of mumps are distinguished:

complicated;
uncomplicated.

Depending on the cause of the development of mumps, the following types are determined:

non-infectious or non-epidemic mumps: it can form against the background of injury, certain diseases or prolonged hypothermia, followed by inflammation of the salivary glands, as well as after certain types of operations (postoperative mumps);
infectious (epidemic): formed after the pathogen enters the body;
Allergic mumps: develops as a result of the body’s reaction to allergens.

Depending on the clinical picture The course of the pathology is distinguished:

specific mumps: epidemic, tuberculous, actinomycotic;
nonspecific: non-epidemic and purulent parotitis.

All known types of mumps can acquire:

spicy;
chronic form (these include interstitial parotitis).

The chronic form can be recurrent, that is, periodically make itself felt with the appearance of minor inflammation and pain. This type of disease is non-infectious.

Causes of the disease: mumps virus and other factors

The causative agent that causes the development of mumps is an RNA-containing virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Paramyxovirus, characterized by neuraminidase, hemolytic and hemagglutinating activity. Viruses are very polymorphic; they are generally round in shape and reach 120-300 nm in diameter.

The virus is an unstable microorganism; it is destroyed by heating, under the influence of ultraviolet rays, and also in contact with a solution of formaldehyde, ethanol, Lysol, fat solvents and disinfectants.

In the human body, the pathogen is excreted through urine and saliva, while microorganisms are found in the blood, breast milk, liquor.

Except viral etiology, the cause of the disease may be the following factors:

hypothermia;
injury to the salivary glands;
blockage of the gland duct by a foreign body;
infection of the gland with bacteria from the oral mucosa;
salivary stone disease;
allergic reaction.

Blockage of the salivary gland duct, as well as salivary stone disease, are diseases associated with disruption of their normal functioning due to disruption of the normal outflow of saliva, which results in impaired salivary secretion and enlargement of the gland due to emerging inflammation. Most often the large glands are affected, less often the parotid and submandibular glands.

The process of formation of stones in the ducts occurs against the background of a decrease in the production of saliva or its thickening, as well as due to poor nutrition, dehydration, disproportionate intake of minerals into the body, against the background long-term use antihistamines and psychotropic drugs, as well as drugs to normalize blood pressure.

The allergic type of disease is formed as a result of sensitization of the body to allergens of various types - medicinal, bacterial, food. This type of disease does not belong to the otolaryngological group.

How does viral mumps become infected?

The source of the disease is a sick person who secretes the virus during external environment in the last 1-2 days of the incubation period and 9 days from the onset of the disease. The patient is especially contagious in the first 3-5 days of the disease. Once the symptoms disappear, the patient is no longer contagious. The source of the disease can be patients with both erased and asymptomatic forms. The virus is transmitted through airborne droplets, but in some cases it can also be transmitted through contaminated household items, such as dishes or toys.

The virus is highly contagious in the air.

Approximately 25% of all cases of the disease are asymptomatic, but the patient produces the virus into the environment.

In addition to the airborne and household route of infection, there is also a vertical method, when the virus is transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or lactation.

The body's normal resistance to the virus is usually high, and after illness, long-term and lasting immunity to it is developed.

The portal of infection is the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Penetration into the salivary glands occurs not through the ducts, but through the blood.

Once in circulatory system, the pathogen spreads throughout the body, finding favorable conditions for further growth and reproduction in glandular organs and the nervous system. The favorite place of the virus is the salivary glands, where it accumulates and reproduces. The virus is re-released from the salivary glands and viremia is maintained for 5 days. During this time, the virus manages to involve other organs and systems in the process.

Damage to the nervous system can occur in parallel with inflammation of the salivary glands, before or after it. It should be noted that the isolation of virus pathogens by medical scientists occurred from blood, parenchymal tissue of the pancreas, and breast milk.

In the body of a patient with mumps, secretion occurs specific antibodies, which perform neutralizing, binding and other functions related to the removal of the pathogen from the body. These antibodies can be detected in the blood for several years after the illness, and even throughout life.

The affected person develops allergic changes in the body that persist for life.

Damage to the central nervous system, pancreas and peripheral nervous system occurs, among other things, due to triggered immune mechanisms, namely a decrease in the number of T cells, a weakening of the primary immune response, the presence of a low titer of immunoglobulin M, and a decrease in the level of production of immunoglobulins class A and G.

Neutralization of the viral pathogen occurs due to the production of virucidal antibodies, which suppress the activity of the virus and its ability to spread intracellularly.

Clinical picture: how the disease progresses

Main manifestations of mumps

The incubation period lasts from 11 to 21 days, that is, from the moment the virus enters the human body until the first clinical symptoms of the disease appear.

The characteristics of the initial period of development of the disease have obvious febrile manifestations: increased body temperature, decreased appetite, chills. Headache, myalgia, dry mouth, insomnia and a general feeling of weakness may be present. A specific manifestation of mumps is inflammation of the parotid salivary glands. In addition, the sublingual and submandibular glands can also be involved. The patient feels pain, the glands noticeably increase in size, due to inflammatory infiltration. This can be noticed not only by palpation, but also visually. To the touch, the glands acquire a dough-like texture. The oval of the face can be deformed, up to a pronounced pear-shaped shape, which can be observed visually. On the Internet you can find many photos of this symptom of mumps. The earlobe rises above the inflamed gland, and the cheek on one side (or both cheeks) increases in size. The skin over the glands does not change color, but becomes tight and shiny. Most often, the disease affects both parotid glands with an interval of 1-2 days, that is, it is bilateral, but mumps can also be unilateral.

Mostly at night, the patient feels bloating and pain in the inflamed tissues. In some cases, the disease affects eustachian tube, since inflamed tissues compress it, which causes noise and pain in the ears, and hearing acuity may decrease.

Another specific sign that makes it possible to diagnose mumps is Filatov’s symptom, which is expressed as pain when pressing on the area behind the lobe. Due to pain and inflammation, it is difficult for the patient to chew food; against this background, trismus of the masticatory muscles may also develop. Normal salivary processes are disrupted, and the patient's saliva production decreases.

The course of the disease in adults and children, its stages

In children, prodromal phenomena are extremely rare and appear within a period of 1-2 days before the appearance of a typical picture of (clinical) symptoms - it is accompanied by chills, headache and pain in the muscle tissue, joints, dry mouth and unpleasant sensations in the glands even before they begin to characteristically ache.

The prodromal period in adults is observed more often and is accompanied by the presence of more striking manifestations. In addition to the above-mentioned general toxic syndromes, the patient may develop dyspeptic and catarrhal symptoms.

After finishing incubation stage An acute period of the disease develops - its name fully reflects the essence of the condition. In most cases, the patient feels sharp deterioration well-being. In adults, more often than in children, inflammation of the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands is noted. The glands can be palpated; they acquire a doughy consistency, are painful on palpation, and have an elongated shape in length. lower jaw. The area around the affected tissue becomes inflamed subcutaneous tissue, its swelling may spread to the neck area. Inflammation of the sublingual glands can be identified by swelling in the chin area, pain under the tongue, swelling and redness of the mucous tissue. In adults, such signs persist for a long time - from 2 weeks or more.

Start acute period can be determined by the appearance of chills and increased body temperature, while the temperature can be low-grade or persistently high. It should be noted that such a sign is not completely reliable, since cases of the development of the disease without an increase in temperature are quite common. The febrile state is accompanied general weakness and malaise, headache, insomnia. It is during this period that the patient begins to be bothered by pain and enlargement of the salivary glands, changes in the shape of the face, noise and pain in the ears, redness and inflammation of the oral mucosa, dry mouth, and decreased salivation.

In general, adults suffer from mumps more severely than children: they develop prodromal and catarrhal signs more often, and intoxication is more pronounced. In children, the maximum body temperature (up to about 40 degrees) is usually observed on the second day of the onset of symptoms of the disease. Over the next week it gradually decreases. By the middle of the second week, the soreness of the glands gradually disappears, they decrease in size. If the disease proceeds without the development of complications, by the end of the second week the child feels better, and the manifestations of the disease disappear almost completely. Adult patients lose their ability to work for 2-3 weeks. Women and girls tolerate the disease more easily, and they do not develop complications as often. After the acute stage, the stages of extinction and recovery begin.

In other cases, we can talk about the formation of especially dangerous stage disease - complicated mumps. IN difficult cases the course of the disease in children is accompanied by loss of appetite, dehydration and exhaustion, severe weakness, and low blood pressure. On the fifth day the baby may develop serous meningitis and acute pancreatitis, on days 6-8 signs of damage to the genital organs appear.

Serous meningitis is the most common of all complications in pediatric patients. In addition to high fever, headaches, nausea and vomiting, parents should be wary increased tone occipital muscles, when the child cannot touch his chin chest, that is, he cannot tilt his head forward. Meningoencephalitis is a disease in which the process affects the brain tissue and the membranes of the brain at the same time. In young male patients, damage to the gonads is often observed as a complication of mumps. Inflammation of the testicles and their appendages can begin 6-8 days from the moment the first symptoms of the disease appear. There is pain in the scrotum area, inguinal lymph nodes enlarge, the skin of the testicles becomes red. Oophoritis is a complication that threatens girls and women. Inflammation of the ovaries occurs more easily and quickly in them than orchitis in boys, and can be one- or two-sided. Pancreatitis occurs as a result of the penetration of a virus into the pancreas and develops in acute form, especially if the patient does not adhere to dietary restrictions. Sharp abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation appear, which alternates with loose stools.

Diagnosis of mumps

During the incubation period, it is almost impossible to detect the disease. In general blood and urine tests during this period, general changes can be observed that characterize the inflammatory process in the body.

As for the acute and complicated period, at first glance, diagnosis does not present any problems, since mumps is most often accompanied by characteristic inflammation of the salivary glands, which can be seen and felt during initial examination. However, there are several nuances: firstly, enlargement of the salivary glands can be provoked by some other diseases, secondly, with latent, hidden current external manifestations pathologies are completely absent. During the examination of the patient, information about the disease and epidemic history is collected - information about all the patient’s contacts in recent days. During the period when the incubation period enters the acute stage of the disease, the pathogen can be detected in saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Serodiagnosis involves studying the number of antibodies of different classes, their increase - based on these results, a diagnosis can be determined. Laboratory immunofluorescence reaction (determination of a specific type of antigen in the blood) is considered the most informative for diagnosing the disease.

One of the doctor’s tasks during differential diagnosis is to distinguish classic mumps (epidemic or non-epidemic) from Herzenberg’s false mumps, which forms as serous lymphadenitis in an acute form. Most often, the process is one-sided and consists of the accumulation of a dense infiltrate in the parotid region, and the formation of streaks of this fluid in the lymph nodes of the deep group located inside the parotid gland, while the ducts of the glands are not affected. Inflammation forms against the background of the development of an infectious lesion at the root of the tongue, in the nasopharynx and tonsils, with difficulty in the eruption of wisdom teeth.

Treatment of mumps in children and adults

The general direction of treatment is characterized by the appointment symptomatic treatment, since there is no therapy aimed directly at eliminating the pathogen.

First of all, it is important to isolate the patient from others and provide him with bed rest in order to prevent additional infection and the development of complications. Typically, both children and adults are treated in home care; hospitalization is required only if the disease progresses severe form, with complications.

Mild forms in adults and children are treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, if necessary, steroid therapy.

To reduce pain symptoms and signs of fever, the patient is given painkillers and antipyretics.

It is very important to follow a diet during the treatment period so as not to create additional stress for internal organs difficult to digest food. For patients with an attack of acute pancreatitis, it is important to follow the rule of “cold, hunger and rest” until the attack subsides.

Antibiotics are ineffective for treating viral mumps.

In severe cases of the disease, the attending physician in the hospital determines the treatment regimen and can prescribe hormonal, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs in the form of droppers and injections.

If the patient strictly follows all the rules of treatment and the doctor’s requirements, the chances of a successful and quick cure without complications are almost 100%.

Regarding bathing during mumps, as with other acute illnesses infectious diseases, swimming during illness is not recommended until the acute symptoms pass, or better yet, until the attending physician allows it. We are talking about ordinary bathing procedures, and about swimming in open reservoirs and pools. The point is that during water procedures there is a high probability of hypothermia, which for the patient can cause aggravation of the condition and the formation of complications.

Prevention of mumps: how to protect yourself from the disease

Anti-epidemic measures to prevent infection with mumps must be applied to the sick person - for this he is quarantined for 9-10 days, completely limiting his contacts with others. Children are not allowed to attend kindergarten or school, and adults are not allowed to go to work. If children who have no history of vaccination against the virus have been in contact with the patient, they must be quarantined for a period of 11 to 21 days.

Another active measure for the prevention of mumps is routine and emergency vaccination. The essence of the vaccination is that the patient is given a live attenuated vaccine subcutaneously, in the shoulder area or under the shoulder blade, in a single dose of 0.5 milliliters. Children are recommended to be vaccinated for the first time at 12 months. Repeated vaccination is carried out at the age of 6 years. In this case, a monovaccine is used (only against mumps), or a vaccine with antibodies against mumps, measles and rubella (the so-called MMR). Revaccination with a monovaccine is carried out no earlier than 4 years after the last time.

Nonspecific measures that are prescribed during times of increased epidemiological danger among the population, as well as if there is a sick person in the house:

ventilation of the premises where the patient is located;
disinfection of objects in the epicenter of the epidemic, including those with which the patient is in contact (dishes, linen, toys, clothing);
wearing gauze bandages;
immunoprophylaxis.

Immunization of the population (strengthening nonspecific immunity) consists of giving up smoking and drinking alcohol, constant hiking and sufficient exposure to fresh air, proper balanced diet. As a preventive measure for children with mumps, pediatrics allows the prescription of immunomodulators such as Cycloferon, Interferon, Viferon.

Prevention of the formation of postoperative mumps includes careful oral hygiene (constant rinsing, brushing teeth and gum massage), and preventing dehydration. The patient is also advised to periodically suck the lobule to stimulate salivation - a technique used to prevent stagnation of saliva.

In epidemic outbreaks, anti-epidemic measures include emergency vaccination of all unvaccinated adults. Wearing masks and gauze bandages, as well as constantly disinfecting objects that people come into contact with are important measures to prevent the spread of the virus. Also, as a preventive measure against mumps, quarantine may be declared in child care facilities, usually for up to 21 days.

Complications and consequences of mumps

Mumps in its infectious form is a rather dangerous disease. You should not think that its mild course will certainly pass without a trace, even if you do not receive full treatment and neglect the doctor’s recommendations.

Orchitis

One of possible complications Viral infection for males is orchitis - inflammation of the testicles. It should be noted that this complication occurs less frequently in children and adolescents than in adult unvaccinated men. It usually forms 5-8 days after damage to the salivary glands. The condition lasts 7-9 days, after which it gradually fades away.

If before this the infected person had a decline in fever symptoms, the development of orchitis is accompanied by a new wave of fever. A large amount of toxic substances circulate in the blood, causing thermoregulation to fail. In the first few days, the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, after which it gradually subsides. Due to swelling inflammatory in nature the testicle increases in size by one and a half to two times. The rush of blood to the inflamed scrotal tissue causes it to become red. Orchitis is also accompanied by dysfunction of urination, pain in the groin, prolonged erection, accompanied by painful sensations. Orchitis is a complication that must be treated in a hospital setting. The outcome of orchitis can be testicular atrophy, infertility, chronic orchitis, impotence.

In 20-30% of cases, on days 4-6, the infected person may develop acute pancreatitis. Such a violation requires close attention and also requires hospitalization of the patient, as it can cause irreversible changes in the tissues of the pancreas. The patient experiences pain in the abdomen of a girdling nature, radiating to the back. It is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, fever, diarrhea, and increased abdominal muscle tone. The absorption of food deteriorates, the person feels exhausted.

Patients may experience other complications of mumps. Oophoritis is an inflammation of the ovaries in women, which is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, disturbances menstrual cycle, bleeding not associated with menstrual flow, pain during sexual intercourse. Usually, a low-grade fever is observed. This complication is extremely rare, and, unlike orchitis, does not lead to infertility.

Increase in size thyroid gland called thyroiditis. It is accompanied by pain in the throat, swelling in this area, an increase in cervical lymph nodes, as well as febrile manifestations (chills, fever, loss of appetite, headache, sweating). It is extremely rare, but can lead to the development of autoimmune disorders.

Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are an inflammatory process of the brain (isolated or with damage to the meninges). Characterized by acute onset With sharp jump fever, severe headaches, vomiting without nausea. The rigidity of the muscles of the back of the head does not allow the patient to freely tilt his head so as to touch his chin to his chest. The condition is accompanied by lethargy, drowsiness, and confusion. Pathology can develop 4-7 days after damage to the salivary glands. Treatment is carried out only with the condition of hospitalization.
Men may develop prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate gland. Its characteristic symptoms are chills, fever, pain when urinating, headache, feeling weak and tired. The patient’s health deteriorates sharply, and he begins to have a new attack of increased fever. Adequate treatment in a hospital setting gives a positive result for the patient within 1-2 weeks. Labyrinthitis is a hearing impairment, noise and ringing in the ears, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and loss of coordination. This rare complication of mumps occurs as a result of constant increase pressure in the area auricle as a result of inflammatory edema. Definitely requires consultation with.

Arthritis is expressed in joint swelling, stiffness and painful movements. It usually begins 1-2 weeks after the onset of the disease. It is extremely rare to observe parallel damage to several large joints, for example, the elbow, shoulder, knee.

With mastitis in women, the mammary glands become inflamed, the temperature rises, and a febrile state appears. In rare cases, mastitis also develops in men.
Complications are not the only danger of mumps. It is classified as a dangerous disease due to the fact that after an infection a person may develop a number of dangerous consequences and residual effects that entail irreversible consequences, and sometimes become the cause of human disability.

Due to untimely or improperly treated orchitis, a man may remain infertile. We are talking, first of all, about those men who were ill as adults and were not vaccinated. Irreversible damage to the gonads by the virus has a direct impact on reproductive function, and becomes the reason that in the future a man will no longer be able to conceive a child.

Deafness is caused by advanced lesion inner ear or auditory nerve as a result of labyrinthitis. IN advanced cases Hearing loss is irreversible.

Diabetes mellitus is dangerous disease, caused inflammatory process in pancreatic tissues. If the damage affects the islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for producing insulin and lowering blood glucose levels, the patient may develop impaired glucose tolerance. The death of cells that produce the hormone insulin leads to a decrease in its level in the blood, which is typical for type 1 diabetes.

A residual phenomenon in the form of diabetes mellitus appears extremely rarely in patients, but the likelihood of its occurrence cannot be underestimated, since lost time during diagnosis or errors in treatment can cause the formation most dangerous pathology, with which the patient will have to live all his life.

Dry eye syndrome is a consequence of inflammation lacrimal glands. Due to disruption of the gland, its secretion of secretions and the level of normal nutrition eyes. The mucous membrane dries out too quickly, causing pain and discomfort in the eyes. Disturbances may persist for several 3-6 weeks after illness. For treatment you should contact.

After cured meningitis or meningoencephalitis, the patient may experience disturbances in the sensitivity of the skin, muscles, and limbs. Sensitivity is restored over the years after illness. Such a consequence is the result of incorrect or untimely treatment inflammation of the brain, and appears quite rarely, but can thoroughly ruin a person’s life.

Is it possible to get mumps again? Usually, people who have already had an infection in childhood do not get sick a second time, due to the mechanism of a stable immune response. However, the probability of re-infection exists and is approximately 2%. The development of specific antibodies against a specific type of pathogen is responsible for the impossibility of subsequent infection. Specific immunity appears as a result of contact of the virus with macrophages in the body of a sick person. Macrophages absorb viral microorganisms, neutralize them, and form an immune response, namely antibodies in the blood. These antibodies are produced several weeks or months after the initial infection.

Antibodies to mumps remain in a person’s blood throughout life. It is due to this that the re-development of the viral infection is extremely unlikely.

As for non-epidemic parotitis, one of the complications with its improper treatment, or in the absence therapeutic therapy is a relapse of the disease, as a result of which the patient may develop chronic form mumps.

Vaccinated people may become ill with viral mumps if a low-quality vaccine was used for vaccination, or if the vaccination was given with contraindications.

Diet as part of the treatment of mumps

The main task of the prescribed diet for mumps is to unload the pancreas in order to avoid an attack of acute pancreatitis. For this patient, the standard is prescribed.

The patient's daily diet should not exceed 2600 kcal. You need to eat meals in small portions, 4-5 times a day. In addition, you need to drink about 1.5-2 liters of liquid per day - weak black tea, non-acidic tea or plain water.

The menu may contain low-fat varieties meat, poultry, fish, almost everything fresh vegetables and fruits (except cabbage, onions,

The main principle of the diet is that the easier and faster food is digested, the less the gland needs to produce for digestion, which means the risk of its damage will be reduced.

In the case of acute pancreatitis, even fasting is allowed in the first one or two days of the attack, during which you are only allowed to drink water. This measure is prescribed only by the attending physician.

It is allowed to steam dishes, as well as boiling, stewing and baking without forming a crust (especially important for vegetables, meat, and fish).

Mumps is considered a typical childhood disease, but recently it has “matured” somewhat. This happens because the immune system of an adult is not always able to cope with the pathogen entering the body, for example, if the body is weakened by an incorrect lifestyle, or if a person was not vaccinated against mumps as a child.

The disease most often has a positive prognosis for the patient if it is detected in time, if the correct treatment is prescribed and all the doctor’s recommendations are followed in full. This is especially important in order to prevent the patient from developing complications and dangerous consequences.