Intrauterine contraceptives include spirals inserted into the uterine cavity. Their name is Navy for short. The intrauterine device does not affect the hormonal process, and does not interfere with fertilization. It prevents pregnancy from developing, as it prevents the introduction of a fertilized egg into the uterine mucosa. Its efficiency approaches 100%. This is one of the most popular methods of contraception in women after 25-30 years.

The coil itself is small. Consists of plastic and copper.

As we said, the spiral consists of plastic and copper. So, copper itself tends to create detrimental living conditions for the egg and sperm. Thus, throughout the entire time that the spiral is in the uterine cavity, copper is able to show its properties.

In addition to copper, other materials are also used. We will consider them below. If the spiral is made of other materials, then the mechanism of action does not change from this. All of them work to protect against unwanted pregnancy. The spiral protects the uterine cavity from getting a fertilized egg there due to changes in the structure of the uterus.

The IUD is a wall for active sperm to enter the uterine cavity. For an organ, the spiral is a foreign body. Thus, it stimulates the frequent contraction of the uterine wall, which also leads to the impossibility of intense movement of spermatozoa.

Indications for use

This type of protection against pregnancy can only be performed in medical institution and only a doctor. Before inserting the coil, the doctor must examine you and prescribe a minimum number of tests to confirm that there are no contraindications.

There are no direct indications for all types of IUDs. The doctor can only recommend that a woman use an intrauterine device to prevent unwanted pregnancy. There is only general recommendations for women.

The intrauterine device can only be inserted in women who have given birth. After giving birth, it should take me less than three months. In a woman, the pelvic organs must be absolutely healthy.

Contraindications for use

First of all, it should be noted that the use of an intrauterine device is not recommended for women who have not given birth. The risk of such complications as infertility, although minimal, remains. Although in modern world are already making special kind spirals for women who have not given birth, but they are not successful with us. It is worth noting that the risk of complications remains the same.

What other complications could there be?

• neoplasms in the pelvic organs (cysts, tumors);
• pregnancy;
• infectious diseases sexually transmitted;
• inflammatory (including chronic) diseases of the pelvic organs;
• fibroma, myoma, deformation of the uterine cavity;
• uterine discharge of an unidentified cause;
• cervical erosion.

Varieties of spirals

The versatility of spirals is that they are different types. This contributes to the most accurate selection of means of protection for a particular girl. There are 4 types of spirals:

• inert (as the 1st generation is usually called),
• copper (second generation),
• silver (3rd generation),
• golden (4th generation).

Spirals from pregnancy: which one to choose?

Inter spirals

As is commonly believed, this type of spiral is the first generation. The very first spirals. They were invented about a century ago. Therefore, today they are considered the most unsafe. They have a high risk of falling out. These include:

• plastic loop Lips, which resembles the shape of the letter S;
• a steel ring with two curls, it is called Mauha;
• Shield of Dalkon;
• Double coil Saf-T-Coil.

copper spirals

Copper spirals are a shape in the form of the letter T, they also come in the form of an oval. The action of this type of spirals occurs due to the action of the properties of copper. It is copper that creates an acidic environment that slows down sperm motility. This type of spirals is usually installed for 3-5 years. These include: NovaT, Juno Bio and others.

silver spirals

Silver spirals, which are considered as the third generation, also create an acidic environment (however, like all metals). They are designed as an alternative to copper coils. Their mechanism of action is exactly the same. But due to silver, their service life increases. They serve an average of 5-7 years. Plus, silver has the ability to disinfect. It has antibacterial property, which undoubtedly has a good effect on the pelvic organs of a woman.

golden spirals

AND last group spirals are spirals with gold. This type of spirals is the most reliable and high-quality means of contraception. As you know, gold is the most good metal For female body, since it has practically no allergic reactions - it is completely harmonious with the female body. In addition, this type of metal has an anti-inflammatory effect. This material is wear resistant. The service life of such spirals is 5-10 years.

Spiral shapes

Juno

Their main property is the inhibition of sperm motility. There are the following types of such spirals:

• Juno Bio-T. Represents a T-shape. It is considered the cheapest contraceptive. It contains copper. Such a spiral is inserted for 5 years.

• Juno Bio-T Super - is considered an analogue of Juno Bio-T. It differs only in that this spiral has a propolis-based treatment. This prevents inflammation of the uterine mucosa. Also, its service life is 5 years.
• Juno with silver (or you can find such a name as Bio - T Ag). Its trunk is covered with silver. Thus, it enhances the properties of inhibition of sperm motility and relieves inflammation. Has antibacterial property. The term of its use is 7 years.
• Juno Bio Multi. This is a slightly different kind of spiral. It is F-shaped. Its trunk contains copper, and the antennae have denticles at their ends. These coils are recommended for women who have had cases of spontaneous loss of the coil and after abortions. Its service life is 5 years.
• Juno Bio Multi Ag. Analog Yunona Bio Multi. The only difference is that it contains two metals - copper and silver.
• Ring-shaped spiral Juno BioT. It is currently considered the only coil that can be installed in girls who have not given birth. It is 18 ml in size (it also happens to be 24 ml, but this is for those who have given birth). Its term of use is 5 years. They can be either copper or silver.
• Juno Bio T Ag. It has a T-shape, and its property is an anti-inflammatory effect. Its service life is 7 years.

If you want to know more about IUD Juno Bio-T.

Nova T CU Ag

Nova T CU Ag is a T-shaped helix. Has two types of metal. In the middle of the pillar is silver, at the end is copper. This makes the spiral more efficient. The service life is 5 years.

Multiload

Multiload CU-375. A spiral in the form of an oval, which has protrusions in the form of spikes. Very well fixed in the wall of the uterine cavity. This spiral contains copper. Its duration is 5 years. It is recommended to enter in the first days (or last) menstrual flow. After artificial abortion - not earlier than 6 weeks. In some cases, administration immediately after an abortion is acceptable. After giving birth also after 6 weeks.

Gravigard - Cu-7

The manufacturer of this spiral is the USA. In shape, it resembles the number 7, which is wrapped in copper. This coil is characterized by rapid and painless insertion.

It can also be suitable for nulliparous girls. Graviguard is recommended for women after caesarean section and who had at least 3 births. The duration of such a spiral is 3 years.

Validity periods

All spirals containing copper - 3-5 years, silver - 5 years, gold - up to 10 years. Spirals containing the hormone - up to 7 years.

Insertion of an intrauterine device

Before this procedure, the doctor prescribes a minimum number of tests. And also, which is one of the main criteria, excludes pregnancy. What period menstrual cycle do the procedure depends on the type of spiral and its purpose. The procedure is painless and therefore does not require anesthesia. Passes in outpatient settings.

Before this procedure, complete sexual rest is necessary for 3-5 days. Any vaginal preparations. Unless your doctor has prescribed them for you. The procedure itself takes about 10 minutes.

After the introduction of the spiral

Sexual rest is recommended for two weeks. In the same period, it is necessary to limit physical activity. After 10 days, the patient must definitely come to the doctor for a follow-up appointment. After admission, the doctor confirms the presence of a spiral in the uterine cavity and gives further recommendations, allows sexual life.

The doctor prescribes a control ultrasound after the first menstruation. If no pathology is detected, then the woman should come for examinations to the gynecologist at least once every six months.

Complications and side effects

In order to make the right decision - to use an intrauterine device or not - you need to know not only contraindications and indications, but side effects. These include:

• cramps during menstruation
• appearance meager allocations between menstrual flow
• the appearance of an odor
• lengthening of menstruation
• a sharp rise in body temperature.

Do not forget about the complications that spirals lead to. Namely:

• inflammatory processes,
• perforation of the walls of the uterine mucosa,
• spontaneous drop,
• uterine bleeding,
• ectopic pregnancy.

Spiral Removal

Removal of the spiral occurs on an outpatient basis. It can be according to indications or after the expiration of the use of the spiral. Before starting the procedure, an ultrasound is performed. The procedure is painless and takes no more than 5 minutes.

Pros and cons of using

Let's talk about the pros:

• protection against unwanted pregnancy is 98%,
• spirals are very easy to use,
• extraction of the spiral at the request of a woman can be at any time,
• pregnancy after coil removal is 80% within 3-6 months,
• partner if not aware that a woman has intrauterine device then he won't know about it.
• no additional precautions needed
• does not require daily monitoring,
• no contraindications for breastfeeding,
• At a cost, this type of protection is available to everyone.

• a large percentage of the occurrence of the inflammatory process,
• the first few cycles can take place in discomfort: the manifestation of pain in the lower abdomen,
• ectopic pregnancy,
• self-fallout,
• coils do not protect against sexually transmitted infections,
• all manipulations are carried out only by a qualified specialist,
• control once every six months.

The principle of operation of the Navy

Why put the Navy

Helpful advice

When the removal of the coil is associated with the onset of pregnancy, you can leave the baby if the coil has not damaged the ovum.

An intrauterine device is a small T-shaped device made of plastic, coated with copper or containing hormones. Intrauterine devices are very popular due to their reliability. They are also the cheapest method of contraception.

which are the most common:
- hormonal coils (containing a special hormone levonorgestrel), such coils act for 5 years, while also performing a therapeutic function;
- copper-coated coils are very IUDs that can stay in the uterine cavity for up to 10 years.

The principle of operation of the Navy

All types of spirals have the ability to mechanically prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine wall, as well as damage spermatozoa. Hormonal coils change the consistency of the mucus in the cervical canal, making it more viscous. Due to this, penetration into the uterus is almost impossible. In addition, hormonal spirals help to reduce the amount of secretions and reduce their intensity.

Copper-coated coils cause damage to spermatozoa by exposure to copper ions, as well as the release of prostaglandins, enzymes and leukocytes into the uterine cavity, which have the ability to block the activity of sperm.

Why put the Navy

For the prevention of unwanted pregnancy, the intrauterine device is the most effective tool. It can also be used within 5 days of unprotected intercourse. The effectiveness is much higher than that of tablets for emergency prevention of pregnancy.

The spiral is removed at the moment when the woman is ready. It is also necessary to remove and replace with a new coil, after a certain number of years after its installation, this time ranges from 3 to 10 years, depending on the type of coil and recommendations of its manufacturer.

IUD contraception is considered the most appropriate for most, including nulliparous and adolescents. You can install a spiral immediately after, 10 minutes after the placenta leaves, and also after a spontaneous or conscious abortion.

Contraindications for the installation of the IUD are: pregnancy, any anatomical changes in the uterine cavity, unexplained bleeding and pelvic infections. In the presence of these contraindications, complications are possible after the installation of the IUD.

Advice 4: What are the consequences of an intrauterine device

The use of an intrauterine device is one of the reliable ways to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It is an excellent alternative to hormonal contraceptives. But this type of contraception also has its downsides.

The intrauterine device is a contraceptive that is installed in the uterine cavity. Suitable only for women with a normal menstrual cycle and no signs of hormonal disorders. For nulliparous girls this method of contraception is not used.

The intrauterine device is a proven method of contraception

Pros and cons of the Navy

If the spiral is installed according to the requirements medical protocols, then the woman does not feel this contraceptive.

Navy Advantages:

• efficiency - from 80 to 99% depending on the type of device;
• long-term effect - the service life is from 3 to 5 years;
• reversibility - after removal, fertility is restored within 1-2 cycles;
• is not felt by either the woman or the partner;
• the presence of VSM is not a contraindication to taking other medicines, surgical treatment;
• no additional contraception required;
• a variety of models and prices - from budget to expensive.

Despite a large number of pluses, this method of protection has a number of disadvantages.

Cons of the Navy:

• the body of the uterus remains ajar, which contributes to the penetration of pathogenic flora;
• foreign device in the uterus;
• lengthening of menstruation, an increase in the volume of released blood;
• the risk of ectopic pregnancy increases by 4 times;
• expulsion - independent loss of the device;
• the likelihood of perforation of the uterine wall;
• does not protect against STDs;
• completed pregnancy - the spiral interferes with the normal development of the child, increases the risk of complications in childbirth. Often such a pregnancy has to be terminated surgically.

Types of intrauterine devices

In appearance - in the photo - this is a small fixture made of plastic and metal T-shaped or ring-shaped different shapes, as well as in the form of a loop or an umbrella. The classification of intrauterine concepts depends on the metal from which it is made, the content medicines, its forms.

plastic intrauterine device

As contraceptives improved, 3 generations of IUDs were identified:

1. Plastic, acted on the principle of blocking implantation gestational sac. The effectiveness is low, therefore it is currently prohibited for use.
2. Metal-containing devices. Allocate devices with copper wire, with silver and gold. The latter are more effective and their validity period is up to 10 years.
3. Hormonal devices. The efficiency is 100%. In addition, they have a therapeutic effect and are one form of treatment for endometriosis.

What does the Navy look like?

1. Semi-oval or umbrella-shaped - equipped with corrugation or spikes, which allows the spiral to be securely held in the uterine cavity. The introduction of this form is painless, since it is installed in a folded state, and then it is located inside in an unfolded form. Suitable for women giving birth and patients after caesarean section.
2. Round or ring - possible during installation pain. Not recommended for women after caesarean section, with a history of 1 birth.
3. In the shape of the letter "T" - has a gold, silver or copper base and plastic hangers. It is convenient for installation, does not cause discomfort to a woman. But the risk of spontaneous loss is higher than other varieties. Recommended for patients after caesarean section or with 1 birth in history.

The choice of the shape, size and type of gynecological device is the prerogative of the doctor. This takes into account the age, history and physique of the patient.

The principle of operation of intrauterine devices

All vaginal devices have a complex mechanism of action. This improves the efficiency of the IUD.

The device blocks the passage of sperm into the uterine cavity, damages them, reduces the life of the egg and prevents the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall.

The mechanism of action of the spiral on the body:

1. Inhibition of ovulatory processes. Against the background of the use of the device, there is a slight increase in the production of LH. But the amount of estrogen and progesterone does not change. This inhibits the production and maturation of eggs.
2. Implant warning. When using a spiral, the cyclical formation of the endometrium is disrupted. The first phase of the cycle is lengthened, so the mucosa is not ready for the attachment of the embryo.
3. Obstruction of the movement of spermatozoa. After the installation of the IUD, aseptic inflammation develops. The level of leukocytes, the production of phage cells increases. They actively destroy the trapped spermatozoa and isolate the egg.
4. Changes in the nature of the movement of germ cells in the fallopian tubes. Minor hormonal imbalances foreign object contribute to changes in peristalsis fallopian tubes. As a result, the egg either does not enter the uterus or enters the period of the immature endometrium.

The principle of operation of the intrauterine device

Overview of the best Navy

It is better to put the device that the gynecologist selected based on the patient's history. Popular brands of contraceptive medical devices:

Nova T

Non-hormonal spiral T-shaped. Production material - copper and silver. The use of 2 types of wire allows you to increase the duration of the IUD up to 5 years.

Nova T - non-hormonal spiral

It is intended for women with a history of 1-2 births, as well as episodes of adnexitis and other inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs. average cost 4 thousand rubles.

Jaydes

Coil with levonorgestrel and silver ring. The manufacturer is Bayer. The device is valid for 3 years. The mechanism of action is based on the thickening of mucus in the cervical canal, inhibition of sperm activity. Does not apply to nulliparous women.

Packing Navy Jaydes

The probability of falling within 3 years is 1%. The most significant side effect is the cessation of menstruation. In the territory Russian Federation Jaydes device is not for sale. The price in Ukraine is 2000 hryvnia.

Multiload

Copper non-hormonal T-shaped spiral. Allowed during breastfeeding. On pharmaceutical market are presented for 2 types of devices with different surface area of ​​copper wire - 250 mm and 375 mm. The service life of the first type is 5 years, the second - up to 8 years. The main side effect is an increase in menstrual flow.

Multiload - Copper T-Spiral

After installing the equipment, it is not advisable to use tetracycline antibiotics, drugs of the NSAID group. This reduces the effectiveness of the contraceptive. The cost of the device is 3800 rubles.

Juno

This trademark has several varieties of contraceptive. Horseshoe and T-shaped products are produced with copper, silver and gold wire, containing propolis as an anti-inflammatory agent. Approved for use in patients with chronic diseases fallopian tubes, endometritis.

Navy Juno packaging

The cost of the device depends on the material from which it is made. Copper and silver - an average of 550 rubles, gold - up to 4 thousand rubles. rubles.

Mirena

Hormonal T-shaped coil with levonorgestrel. The drug inhibits the development of the endometrium. This product is listed as remedy with menstrual disorders, endometriosis.

Hormonal T-coil Mirena

Assign women over 40 years. Smoking reduces the effectiveness of the device. The spiral works 5 years. The cost of the device is 14 thousand rubles. rubles.

How is the spiral placed?

The installation of a gynecological device from pregnancy is carried out only in a medical institution. The procedure does not require hospitalization.

Preparation

Before installing the spiral, you should undergo a comprehensive examination by a gynecologist. This will eliminate inflammatory processes and contraindications to device implantation.

Preparation consists of the following steps:

• examination by a doctor with a vaginal discharge for examination;
• PCR analysis - to exclude STDs - is carried out only if the patient has complaints;
• blood and urine tests;
• Ultrasound and colpicoscopy - to assess the state of the reproductive system, to exclude a possible pregnancy.

Before the procedure, sexual intercourse is prohibited for 2 days and the use of antibacterial drugs local action.

Before installing the spiral, a colpicoscopy is performed

Installation

The introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive carried out on the 4-5th day of menstruation. During this period, the uterus is ajar, which facilitates the installation of the device. The duration of the procedure is 5 minutes.

Sequence of operations:

1. The patient is placed on an examination chair.
2. Mirrors are inserted into the vagina, the cervix is ​​treated with an antiseptic solution.
3. The doctor uses a probe to measure the length of the uterus.
4. A plastic conductor is introduced, which is included with the device. The IUD is pushed into the uterine cavity with the help of a piston.
5. The device is removed. The threads are brought out into the vagina. They are cut to the desired length. The patient needs them to control the presence of the spiral in the reproductive organs.

On the card, the doctor will mark the date of installation of the equipment. After 10 days, a follow-up examination of the patient is shown.

Sexual life is allowed to begin 14 days after the installation of the spiral. It is undesirable to use hygienic tampons in this cycle.

Side effects

Side effects can develop immediately after implantation of the device, but also against the background of prolonged use of the spiral.

Possible complaints after the introduction of the IUD:

• pain during menstruation, during sexual intercourse, outside of menstruation;
• uterine and ectopic pregnancy;
• anemia;
• individual reactions to the hormonal components of the device;
• allergic reactions to the metal components of the coil.

When side effects while using the device, it should be removed from the uterine cavity.

After the insertion of the IUD, there may be pain during menstruation

Contraindications to the installation of a contraceptive

Contraindications to the use of this method of contraception are divided into absolute and relative.

It is forbidden to install spirals against pregnancy in the following cases:

• cancer of the reproductive organs;
• pregnancy;
• suspicion of pregnancy;
• inflammatory processes in the acute stage;
• uterine bleeding unknown genesis;
• the presence of several partners, promiscuity in sexual relations.

You can not install a spiral with inflammation in the uterus

Relative contraindications to IUD insertion:

• chronic inflammatory processes of the reproductive system in history;
• the presence of an ectopic pregnancy in history;
• violation of the menstrual cycle, heavy menstruation;
• malformations of the uterus;
• endometriosis;
• inflammatory processes in other organs;
• spontaneous loss of a contraceptive in the past;
• narrowing of the cervical canal;
• fibroids;
• diseases of cardio-vascular system, blood.

Possible consequences

Possible consequences and complications after the installation of a female contraceptive:

• injuries during the equipment installation procedure, development of bleeding;
• spiral fallout;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• a pregnancy that ends, as a rule, with a surgical abortion;
• development of chronic inflammatory processes after removal of the contraceptive and against the background of using the device;
• unsuccessful attempts to remove the device, ending with surgical curettage of the uterine epithelium;
• infertility.

If the coil is not removed correctly, it may be necessary to scrape the uterus

Removal of the IUD is carried out after the expiration of its validity, with the development of side effects, at the request of the woman, with the pregnancy taking place, with the development of inflammatory processes, the appearance of neoplasms in the body of the uterus and other parts of the reproductive system.

The procedure is carried out only in a medical institution during menstruation.

Removal of the spiral is carried out only in a medical institution

Possible options for removing the spiral:

• outpatient - the control threads are captured by the instrument and the IUD is removed from the uterus;
• using a hysteroscope under anesthesia;
• laparoscopically through the abdominal cavity - if it is impossible to remove medical equipment through cervical canal.

You should not remove the equipment yourself, even if you clearly feel the control threads - this is fraught with injuries to the epithelium and the body of the uterus, the cervical canal.

The choice of contraceptive method often belongs to the woman. After analyzing the effectiveness, safety, ease of use, many stop at the intrauterine device. This method has ancient history, but has long ceased to be traumatic and dangerous for the female body.

The intrauterine device is a small medical device containing copper, gold, silver or hormone, intended for installation in the uterus.

How does a spiral work and look like?

To understand the principle of the spiral, it is necessary to turn to the physiology of conception. During sexual intercourse, sperm is poured onto the cervix, spermatozoa rush into its cavity.

If a woman has ovulated shortly before, then a mature egg moves towards the male germ cells. In the uterine cavity, spermatozoa enter the left and right fallopian tubes, and it is there that fertilization occurs. The fertilized egg goes back into the uterine cavity and attaches to its loose wall.

If fertilization does not occur, then menstruation begins. The egg, together with the inner lining of the uterus, is released with menstrual blood.

The IUD, depending on the type, affects several stages of fertilization at once. modern medicine offers several types of spirals:

1. Metal-containing.
2. Hormone-containing.

In the first version, there is a small amount of metal in the spiral - copper, gold or silver. Ions of these metals deactivate spermatozoa or cause their death, and in the egg, they reduce the lifespan. A small inflammatory response which prevents the egg from attaching.

IUDs with hormones contain progestogen, which is continuously released into the uterine cavity. It does not allow you to get pregnant and has a therapeutic effect. The hormone increases the viscosity of cervical mucus and prevents sperm from entering the uterus. Spermatozoa become less mobile. Some women do not ovulate. The therapeutic effect is to reduce the thickness of the endometrium. It is useful for prolonged and heavy menstruation and endometrial hyperplasia, fibroids.

IUDs come in the following forms:

1. Ring-shaped.
2. Spiral.
3. T-shaped.

The latter type is more popular. The T-shaped helix looks like a plastic stick with copper wire. At the upper end there are hangers for fixation in the uterus. Below - special threads for extraction. Length without them up to 3.5 cm.

The spiral is enclosed in a special conductor tube, the hangers are folded along the central part. When inserted, they straighten out to the sides and the IUD is fixed in the uterine cavity.

If the installation went correctly, the shoulders rest against the fallopian tubes, the body of the spiral is located in the center of the uterus, the antennae come out of the cervix.

Advantages of intrauterine contraception, insertion and removal

The IUD has a number of advantages over other methods of contraception:

Before the installation of the IUD, a woman undergoes an examination. A vaginal swab is required to rule out infection. If there is inflammation, a course of anti-inflammatory suppositories is prescribed.

An ultrasound of the uterus and appendages is performed to determine their shape, the presence of nodes, inflammation. A general blood and urine test, a blood test for HIV and syphilis are prescribed.

They put a spiral on the 4-6th day of menstruation, when the cervix is ​​not yet tightly closed. The doctor determines the length of the body of the uterus by introducing a special probe. After it, a conductor tube with a spiral inside is inserted. The conductor is carefully removed, the hangers straighten out and securely fix the spiral inside. The doctor cuts the threads, forming antennae up to 2 cm long.

The IUD can be placed for up to 5 years, after which it is removed. Sometimes they take it out ahead of time at the request of a woman or for certain indications, they can be:

• pregnancy;
• helix shift;
• myoma growth;
• inflammation of the uterus or appendages.

The doctor removes the IUD after a gynecological examination, on the 1-5th day of the menstrual cycle. Normally, it is pulled out by the antennae, without causing discomfort. In some situations, the spiral is removed only during hysteroscopy under anesthesia. This happens with long-term wearing and its ingrowth into the uterus, with a significant increase in myomatous nodes that prevent extraction.

Contraindications for installation

The spiral is placed in healthy women giving birth who do not plan pregnancy in the next 1.5-5 years. It can be put after an abortion, if there is no inflammation, for nursing mothers, after childbirth at 6 weeks. If there are contraindications to taking hormonal contraceptives, then the spiral is the way out.

The World Health Organization identifies relative and absolute contraindications to install the Navy.

Absolute contraindications completely exclude the possibility of placing a spiral:

• inflammatory diseases genital organs;
• pregnancy;
• bleeding from the uterus of an unknown nature;
• cancer of the uterus or cervix;
• for hormonal spirals - thrombophlebitis, hepatitis.

Relative contraindications allow the possibility of wearing a spiral after their elimination:

• transferred inflammation of the genital organs, the spiral is placed no earlier than after 6 months;
• prolonged and heavy menstruation, uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia;
• painful periods;
• uterine fibroids with many nodes that deform the uterine cavity;
• endometriosis;
• previous ectopic pregnancies;
• malformations of the uterus;
• anemia, diseases of the blood coagulation system;
• repeated fallout of the spiral;
• sexually transmitted diseases transferred over the past year, infected abortion.

But some contraindications do not apply to the installation of a hormonal coil. The hormone progesterone it contains healing effect with prolonged and heavy menstruation, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, uterine myoma. The thickness of the inner layer of the uterus - the endometrium - decreases, blood loss decreases. In women with normal periods, they may become scarce or stop altogether.

With the help of progesterone, you can act on uterine myoma, under its action, the nodes decrease within 6 months - one and a half years, often there is no need for surgery.

Possible Complications

The first complications may arise during installation. It can be partial or complete perforation of the uterine wall.

Normally, the uterus is elastic, but with frequent inflammatory diseases, its walls change and become more loose. With excessive pressure during the installation of the spiral, a puncture can be made. With a partial puncture, the IUD is removed from the vagina, cold is applied to the abdomen, and antibiotics are given to prevent infection. With a complete puncture, surgery is necessary to suture the uterine wall.

The appearance of severe bleeding during the installation of the spiral is an indication to stop the procedure!

In the process of wearing a spiral, the following complications may develop:

1. Increased blood loss during menstruation. Copper-containing IUDs increase blood loss by up to 50%. There may be spotting in the middle of the cycle during the first 3 months.
2. Inflammatory diseases of the vagina, uterus, appendages. The IUD can serve as an entry gate for infection. With the development of inflammation, the spiral is removed.
3. Spiral drop. In the first week after the procedure, physical activity and weight lifting are limited. After this period, you can return to normal life and sports. But during menstruation it is recommended to avoid excessive loads. Those women who used sanitary tampons should switch to pads, because. it is possible to extract the spiral along with the tampon.
4. Pregnancy. The IUD does not provide 100% protection against pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy often develops, tk. the passage of the egg through the fallopian tubes slows down. She does not have time to enter the uterine cavity and is attached in the appendages. may develop and normal pregnancy, nose highly likely miscarriage. If a woman is interested in preserving the fetus, the non-hormonal coil is not removed until the moment of delivery. Hormonal can cause malformations of the child, it is better to terminate such a pregnancy.

signs of ectopic and normal pregnancy the same, but an ectopic can end with a rupture of the tube and bleeding into the abdominal cavity. With delayed menstruation and positive test If you are pregnant, you need to see a doctor immediately!

After removal of the spiral, complications are possible in the form of chronic inflammation reproductive organs, risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility. If you use a spiral longer than the prescribed period, endometrial hyperplasia or polyps may develop.

It should be remembered that the coil is a one-sided protection, it protects against pregnancy, but does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, for women who often change sexual partners, it is better to choose a condom for contraception.

It is also recommended to independently control the presence of a contraceptive once a month. To do this, in a squatting position, insert a finger into the vagina and feel for the antennae. If neither are present, then there is a possibility of loss of the spiral.

In cases where there are no contraindications, the IUD is an effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancy and preserve reproductive health.

Of all the methods of contraception, the IUD is the most reliable and popular. The application of this technique includes strict observance of the operating rules, one of which is the expiration date of the spiral, the presence of contraindications or restrictions.

As for how long the spiral is placed, it depends on the manufacturer of the product and the materials used in its manufacture. The hormonal coil lasts 6 years (plus or minus a couple of years depending on the manufacturer), the copper-containing version is less regulated - the coil lasts 10 years without the need for replacement. Given that the contraceptive is actually a foreign body, a woman should carefully monitor how long the spiral is placed and not exceed it, as this can lead to serious side effects.

Navy installation

The IUD is inserted by the gynecologist approximately 3-4 days after the onset of menstruation, since it is at this time that the cervix is ​​slightly ajar, which makes the procedure easier. In some cases, the best moment will be 5-9 days after the end of menstruation. The best option will be determined by the doctor.

During the first days after installation, it is possible bloody issues in a small amount. After 1-1.5 months, you must re-visit the gynecologist for an examination. You need to contact a specialist immediately in the following cases:

1. unusual pain, particularly after intercourse;
2. strong bleeding;
3. spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen;
4. lack of menstruation;
5. the impossibility of detecting contraceptive threads;
6. probing the hard part of the contraceptive;
7. loss of funds;
8. if a spiral is used, the validity of which has already expired;
9. other atypical symptoms.

When can I remove the intrauterine device?

Regardless of the type and duration of the spiral, it must be removed under sterile conditions by a gynecologist after a preliminary examination. It is not worth doing it yourself, because there is a risk of damage to the mucous membrane of the uterus and infection in the body.

If during the use of the IUD there were no complications or infections, then the removal process will be quick and completely painless. If it is impossible to find the threads of the agent or other complications have arisen, a hysteroscopy is performed, which allows you to get a more complete picture of the location of the intrauterine contraceptive. The removal process consists of two main steps:

• Inspection and assessment of the condition in which the intrauterine device is located, the period of use of the drug for this moment and etc.
• Removal. The best time to remove the IUD is during menstruation. This is done using local anesthesia. If we are talking about hysteroscopy, then anesthesia is used. In some cases, in particular, if the operating life of the intrauterine device is significantly exceeded, the extraction of the drug through the cervical canal is impossible, so the contraceptive is removed through the abdominal cavity.

As for when you can pull out the intrauterine device, that you can do it before the expiration of the service life:

1. at the personal request of a woman;
2. with partial rejection of the agent by the body;
3. when the IUD is displaced, which can be determined by the antennae of the remedy, which have become either longer or shorter;
4. in the presence of acute inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs;
5. very heavy bleeding;
6. cancerous diseases;
7. the onset of menopause;
8. pregnancy;
9. other pathologies.

If the spiral costs more than the term, there is a possibility that the remedy is firmly attached to the walls of the uterus or even grown. That is why women who use this type of contraceptive should have regular examinations with a gynecologist, which helps to detect the problem in the early stages. There are cases with patients in whom the spiral costs 20 years and even more. Removal of funds under such circumstances is quite complicated and is usually carried out in a hospital setting.

There are many methods of contraception, and one of them is the spiral.

The intrauterine device (IUD) can have different shapes and be made of different materials.

The most common shape is T-shaped, but the effect does not change from the shape.

The material from which the IUD is made depends on how the body perceives it. And this applies specifically to your body, since one may be suitable for something that does not suit you.

Navy Advantages:

• . A doctor in a medical institution installs a spiral. The intrauterine device is placed for 3.5 and 7 years, depending on its type. And that's it. It is only necessary to come for preventive examination every six months.
• Relatively high efficiency. To date, there are no 100% methods of contraception, apart from sterilization and abstinence. The IUD is effective in 75-80% of cases, and this is a lot.

Minuses

To understand the cons, you need to consider how the spiral "works". The intrauterine device causes a small local inflammation on the walls of the uterus. The body, reacting to inflammation, "sends" a large number of leukocytes into the uterine cavity, which perceive spermatozoa as antigens and destroy them. If the spiral has a copper coating, then it also has a negative effect on spermatozoa. But if, nevertheless, part of the spermatozoa managed to “break through” to the egg and fertilize it, then the inflamed endometrium, together with leukocytes, will not allow the embryo to implant (attach) and, accordingly, the pregnancy will be terminated at its very initial stage.

If we remove the ethical and moral side of the issue, then we can distinguish the following disadvantages that the spiral has:

• The intrauterine device increases the risk of developing inflammation of a different nature.
• An IUD very often, but not always, causes heavy, long, painful periods.
• With an IUD, the risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy increases four times.
• The IUD has contraindications (cervical dysplasia, uterine tumors, etc.).
• The risk of getting pregnant remains.

Separately, it is worth noting the hormonal spiral. Intrauterine device “Mirena due to the release of the hormone into the uterine cavity leads to a decrease, and sometimes the complete disappearance of menstruation. Mirena also thickens the cervical mucus plug, which prevents the passage of spermatozoa and does not allow the egg to mature.

At the same time, the emitted amount of the hormone is so small that it has only local action. But the hormonal spiral does not guarantee that conception will not occur, although it significantly reduces the likelihood of embryo attachment. And, of course, it also has all the same contraindications and is not suitable for everyone.

Professional consultations of gynecologists on the selection and installation of intrauterine devices

Intrauterine device(IUD) is a small device in the form of a loop, spiral, ring or other design, which is inserted into the uterus with the help of an applicator to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It creates a barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the egg.

To date, the IUD is one of the most common means of contraception, which, due to its effectiveness, enjoys well-deserved popularity and demand. The contraceptive effect of the IUD reaches 98% or more.

Types of intrauterine devices

Currently, several dozen types of intrauterine devices from different materials have been created. Most often, copper and hormone-containing spirals are used. According to confirmed research results, copper has an additional contraceptive effect. There are also gold intrauterine devices and IUDs with silver different prices and with a similar principle of operation.

In the Russian market today, the intrauterine device Multiload, Nova T and Mirena are popular and in demand, which differ in both prices and the material from which they are made. Mirena is a hormone-containing spiral, the action of which is associated not only with the mechanical influence of the contraceptive, but also with the local release of the hormone - levonorgestrel, which is an analogue of progesterone and prevents pregnancy.

In some cases, the installation of hormonal coils is recommended for the treatment of various gynecological diseases.

Advantages of the intrauterine device

Judging by the reviews of women who use the IUD for a long period, the installation of intrauterine devices makes life much easier and even saves money - you don’t have to spend money on monthly oral contraceptives.

In addition, the Navy has a lot of other advantages, among them:

• high efficiency of the method (up to 98%);
• the contraceptive effect occurs on the day of the introduction of the spiral;
• a wide selection of different types of IUDs allows you to choose a spiral taking into account all the characteristics of the patient's body;
• the possibility of removing the intrauterine device at any time when a woman wishes (for this, it is enough to consult a doctor);
• the ability to conceive is restored within one or two menstrual cycles after removal of the IUD;
• lack of any negative impact on the processes of ovulation, as well as the body of a woman in the postpartum period and during breastfeeding;
• the procedure for installing an intrauterine device takes only a few minutes;
• the spiral is not felt by either the woman or her sexual partner.

The administrator will contact you to confirm the registration. IMC "ON CLINIC" guarantees complete confidentiality of your treatment.

When to insert an intrauterine device

The use of the IUD will be the best method for preventing unwanted pregnancy for you in the following cases:

• if you are breastfeeding;
• if you have terminated a pregnancy and do not have signs of inflammation;
• if you are over 35 and have given birth before;
• if you have given birth and fully trust your sexual partner, i.e. there is no risk of developing genital tract infections and other sexually transmitted diseases.

The installation of the IUD is carried out in several stages. First of all, a woman must cure all diseases that in one way or another affect the gynecological sphere. Nasopharynx, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, urinary system should be healthy. Otherwise, the introduction of an intrauterine device may be ineffective and lead to the development and intensification of inflammatory processes in the body.

The preparatory stage for the installation of the IUD is associated with the collection of anamnesis and bacteriological examination of smears from the vagina and cervix. Blood and urine tests, colposcopy are necessary. Sometimes ultrasound and tests to detect sexually transmitted infections are required.

Contact only those clinics that have earned the trust of patients and are ready to confirm this with the results of their work. In the international medical center ON CLINIC gynecologists conduct a thorough examination before the insertion of the IUD, which guarantees our patients maximum safety and the absence of any side effects and discomfort both during the IUD installation procedure itself and in the subsequent period.

The intrauterine device is inserted on the 4th-8th day of the monthly cycle, which can be explained by the physiological characteristics of the female body. It was during this period that the cervical canal of the uterus was slightly expanded, which greatly simplifies the process of installing the spiral. 3-5 days after the introduction of the spiral, it is necessary to undergo gynecological examination and do an ultrasound. Before examination by a doctor, it is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse. Re-examinations are recommended every six months.

Cost of services

And the material for the Navy is most often copper, gold or silver. Stages of installing an intrauterine device The most budget option. Its cost is about 250 rubles. This is a T-shaped helix, shaped like an anchor. It is made of inert material and covered with very thin copper wire. Copper provides additional contraceptive action. Shelf life - 5 years. The approximate cost is 300 rubles. Its difference from the previous model is a special antimicrobial composition, which treated the spiral. This composition includes propolis. According to the manufacturer, this serves as a prevention of endometritis and inflammation of the ovaries - frequent complications when using the IUD. The term of use is 5 years. The price is about 450 rubles. Silver is part of the "winding" of the spiral leg, along with copper. This a precious metal prevents oxidation of copper and thus improves its efficiency. Can be in the uterus up to 7 years. The price is about 550 rubles, with copper. It is f-shaped, has jagged edges, and is slightly larger than previously described IUDs. Therefore, this IUD should be used by mothers with many children, women who have had several abortions, as well as those who have already had cases of intrauterine contraceptive prolapse from the uterus. Service life - 5 years. It costs about 800 rubles. The composition includes not only copper, but also silver. Shown to the same women as Juno Bio Multi. But the service life is longer - 7 years. Ring-shaped Juno Bio-T The approximate cost is 300 rubles. This is the only coil that can be recommended for nulliparous women. It has a relatively small size (18 mm) and a shape that minimizes the risk of perforation of the uterine wall by the spiral. The second type of spiral has a slightly larger size - 24 mm. It is recommended for women who have given birth, but for those who, for some reason, cannot use the classic T-shaped IUD. If after its installation there were severe bleeding, pain, etc. It can be in the uterus for up to 5 years. Contains copper. It costs about 450 rubles. The properties are the same, but contains silver. Established for up to 7 years. This is an expensive spiral with gold, it costs about 5,000 rubles. Has a T-shape. This coil is used by those who have an allergic reaction to copper. It can lead to rejection of the contraceptive and its loss. The spiral with gold is much less likely to have side effects, since it has an anti-inflammatory effect, even more than silver. Validity - 7 years. Appearance just like a regular Juno Bio-T. By the way, in our market there is an IUD that is more expensive, for example, T de Oro 375 Gold - a spiral with a gold core, its cost is more than 10,000 rubles. Producer - Spain. Installation of an intrauterine device Before installing the intrauterine device, you need to undergo a gynecological examination and pass smears. The spiral is installed only by healthy, more often giving birth to women who, at the time of the installation of the IUD, do not have inflammatory processes of the reproductive system. It is also recommended to do an ultrasound to detect possible contraindications To this species contraception. The installation of an intrauterine device is carried out on the 5-7th day from the beginning of the menstrual cycle, when the cervical canal is slightly ajar, this will facilitate the whole process. A contraceptive can also be installed immediately after an abortion, 5-6 weeks after childbirth (if the uterus has contracted by that time, and even if the menstrual cycle has not yet recovered) and within 3-4 days after unprotected intercourse for the purpose of postcoital contraception. Before installing the spiral, the gynecologist conducts a gynecological examination, measures the length of the uterus using special tools. The installation itself lasts no more than 5-7 minutes, or even less. At this time, a woman may experience unpleasant pulling sensations in the lower abdomen. Schematically, the installation of an intrauterine contraceptive looks like this. Immediately after installation and within 7-10 days, mild pain may persist. As well as spotting spotting. If they do not cause you much discomfort, then this is within the normal range. It is possible, if necessary, to take painkillers (ibuprofen, paracetamol, etc.) or antispasmodics (No-shpa). After 8-10 days, you can resume sexual activity, no longer afraid of pregnancy. But before this time it is better to take care. You should also avoid heavy physical exertion, these include not only lifting weights, but also long walking. Postpone sports and visiting a bath or sauna for a couple of weeks. 10 days after the installation of an intrauterine contraceptive, you should visit a doctor and it is advisable to undergo a control ultrasound if it was not done immediately on the day of the procedure. Visits to the gynecologist should also be scheduled in 1, 3, 6 months, and then go for examinations 2 times a year. What women who have an IUD should always remember 1. It is necessary to periodically independently check for the presence of spiral threads protruding from the cervix. Their length should remain unchanged. If you do not feel the threads, they have become too long, or vice versa - short, then you need to urgently see a doctor, this means that the IUD has moved from its place. And if there are no threads, then it is quite possible that an expulsion has occurred - a spontaneous prolapse of the IUD or the spiral has been lost somewhere in the uterine cavity. 2. Even if everything is in order, it is necessary to go to the gynecologist once every six months. 3. In no case do not walk with a spiral longer than the recommended period, since the IUD can "grow" into the uterine cavity and it will be possible to get it out of there only by surgery. Usually, doctors recommend removing the intrauterine device a few months before its expiration date to avoid complications. 4. Unfortunately, even the IUD does not guarantee 100% non-pregnancy. On average, out of 100 women with an IUD installed, 1 becomes pregnant. Therefore, you need to monitor your menstrual cycle as carefully as before installing the spiral. 5. If you have severe abdominal pain, an unpleasant smell from the genitals, sudden weakness or bleeding - immediately go to the doctor or call an ambulance. 6. If you are planning a pregnancy, then the removal of the IUD is mandatory. It (removal), as well as the introduction of an intrauterine device, is performed only by a gynecologist. Indications and contraindications to the IUD, advantages and disadvantages, pros and cons 1. The IUD is shown to women who have given birth as a reliable means of contraception. 2. The reliability of the IUD does not exceed 98%. 3. There is a risk (albeit low) of perforation of the uterine wall both during and after installation, loss (expulsion) of the spiral. 4. More abundant menstruation, intermenstrual bleeding is possible and, as a result, anemia. When using Mirena, this is practically impossible. 5. The IUD cannot be installed in women with inflammatory, infectious diseases of the external and internal genital organs, neoplasms in the uterus that deform its cavity, anemia (hemoglobin below 90 g / l). A relative contraindication is a history of ectopic pregnancy, since its risk is always increased in women using this type of contraception. 6. Despite all these shortcomings, intrauterine devices have undoubted advantages - this is one of the most reliable methods modern contraception(on a par with condoms and oral contraceptives), long-term validity (up to 7 years). Pregnancy and the intrauterine contraceptive If pregnancy nevertheless occurred when using an intrauterine contraceptive, then the woman has two options - either try to save the child, or have an abortion. In most cases, the child can be saved. There are many women who carried and gave birth to healthy children conceived using this type of contraception. If a woman chooses an abortion, then the method of its implementation will depend only on the duration of her pregnancy, her desire and financial capabilities. First, the doctor removes the spiral from the uterus, pulls it out by the antennae, then expands the cervical canal and removes its contents either with a curette or a vacuum aspirator. If the pregnancy needs to be saved, then the doctor weighs the pros and cons and decides that it will be safer to immediately remove the IUD or leave it until the very birth. Great importance has a specific place where the egg was implanted. Removing the coil can cause miscarriage. A foreign body in the uterus can always become a source of inflammation. 03.09.2017 Content: "For" and "Against" the spiral. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the intrauterine device as a contraceptive method? Due to its advantages, the intrauterine device takes special place among all other methods of contraception: The high efficiency of the spiral in terms of preventing unwanted pregnancy is comparable to the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptive pills and reaches 99% or more. The spiral is much more reliable than birth control pills, as women taking birth control pills often forget to take the pill on time, which greatly reduces the reliability of this method. When using a spiral on the part of a woman, absolutely no action is required to maintain contraceptive effect and, therefore, any possibility of error or accident is excluded. Compared to all other methods of contraception, the intrauterine device is the cheapest contraceptive method. Despite the fact that the cost of one spiral is many times higher than the cost of one package of contraceptive pills or one regular package of condoms, recalculating its cost for 3-5 years ( normal term wearing one spiral) shows its undeniable superiority in economic terms. Unlike birth control pills, metal or plastic coils that do not contain hormones have absolutely no general "hormonal" effect on the body, which (in some cases justifiably) many women fear. For this reason, IUDs, which do not contain hormones, are recommended as the primary contraception for women over 35 years of age, during breastfeeding, active smoking, or other conditions that make it impossible to use birth control pills, but require a very high level of protection against unwanted pregnancy. . Spirals containing hormones (for example, Mirena) reduce the risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy, inflammation of the organs of the female reproductive system (see. ), and also significantly reduce blood loss during menstruation. The spiral is not felt at all during intercourse and does not interfere with partners. Despite the advantages described above, the use of intrauterine devices is currently quite limited, largely due to the disadvantages of this method: Installation and removal of the intrauterine device is carried out only by a gynecologist; As a rule, intrauterine devices are not installed in women who do not yet have children; After installing an intrauterine device, a number of side effects may occur that may cause some discomfort to the woman (see below); The intrauterine device does not provide any protection against sexually transmitted infections. cm. How does an intrauterine device work? Plastic or metal (copper, silver) coils have a detrimental effect on spermatozoa and make them incapable of fertilization. Also, the spiral changes the properties of the uterine mucosa, making it unsuitable for the introduction (implantation) of the embryo. (cm.) relatively low cost; long period of use; rapid restoration of the ability to bear children after the removal of the spiral; the possibility of use during breastfeeding and with concomitant diseases; therapeutic effect on the endometrium (when using a hormonal intrauterine system); preservation of the physiology of sexual intercourse, lack of preparation, fullness of sensations during intimacy. Types of intrauterine devices Means for intrauterine contraception are of two types: inert; medical. Inert intrauterine contraceptives (IUDs) are plastic products of various shapes that are inserted into the uterine cavity. Their use has not been recommended since 1989, when the World Health Organization declared them ineffective and dangerous to women's health. Currently, only coils containing metals (copper, silver) or hormones are used. They have a plastic base of different shapes, close to the shape of the inner space of the uterus. The addition of metals or hormonal agents can increase the effectiveness of the coils and reduce the number of side effects. In Russia, the following VMCs have gained the greatest popularity: Multiload Cu 375 - has the shape of the letter F, covered with a copper winding with an area of ​​​​375 mm 2, designed for 5 years; Nova-T - in the form of the letter T, has a copper winding with an area of ​​​​200 mm 2, designed for 5 years; Cooper T 380 A - copper-containing T-shaped, lasts up to 8 years; hormonal intrauterine system "Mirena" - contains levonorgestrel, which is gradually released into the uterine cavity, providing a therapeutic effect; calculated for 5 years. Less common are IUDs that secrete medroxyprogesterone or norethisterone. Which intrauterine device is better? It is possible to answer this question only after an individual consultation, taking into account the woman's age, her state of health, smoking, gynecological diseases, future pregnancy planning and other factors. Mechanism of action The principle of operation of the intrauterine device is the destruction of spermatozoa and the violation of the process of attachment of the embryo in the uterine cavity. Copper, which is part of many IUDs, has a spermatotoxic effect, that is, it kills spermatozoa that have entered the uterus. In addition, it enhances the capture and processing of spermatozoa by special cells - macrophages. If fertilization nevertheless occurred, the abortive effect of the contraceptive begins, preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg: fallopian tube contractions intensify, while the fertilized egg enters the uterus too quickly and dies; Availability foreign body in the uterine cavity leads to aseptic (non-infectious) inflammation and metabolic disorders; as a result of the production of prostaglandins in response to a foreign body, the contractility of the walls of the uterus is activated; when using intrauterine hormonal system endometrial atrophy occurs. The Mirena intrauterine system constantly secretes the hormone levonorgestrel at a dose of 20 mcg per day from a special tank. This substance has a progestogenic effect, inhibits the regular proliferation of endometrial cells and causes its atrophy. As a result, menstruation becomes scarce or completely disappears. Ovulation is not disturbed, the hormonal background does not change. Is it possible to get pregnant if there is an intrauterine device? The effectiveness of intrauterine contraception reaches 98%. When using copper-containing products, pregnancy occurs in 1-2 women out of a hundred within a year. The effectiveness of the Mirena system is several times higher, pregnancy occurs in only 2-5 women out of a thousand during the year. How to put an intrauterine device Before inserting an IUD, you need to make sure that you are not pregnant. The procedure can be carried out regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle, but best of all on the 4th-8th day of the cycle (counting from the first day of menstruation). Be sure to analyze smears for microflora and purity, as well as ultrasound to determine the size of the uterus. The procedure takes place on an outpatient basis without anesthesia. This is a virtually painless procedure. In the first days after the introduction of the spiral, aching pains in the lower abdomen caused by uterine contractions may disturb. The first and 2-3 subsequent periods may be heavy. At this time, spontaneous expulsion of the spiral is not ruled out. After artificial abortion, the spiral is usually installed immediately after manipulation, after childbirth - after 2-3 months. The introduction of an IUD after a caesarean section is carried out six months later to reduce the risk of infectious complications. Spirals can be used during breastfeeding, which is their great advantage. After the introduction of the IUD for a week, a woman is prohibited from: intense physical activity; hot baths; taking laxatives; sex life. The next examination is scheduled for 7-10 days, and then in the absence of complications after 3 months. A woman should independently check the presence of IUD threads in the vagina after each menstruation. An examination by a gynecologist is enough to pass once every six months, if there are no complaints. Removal of the intrauterine device Removal of the IUD is carried out at will, with the development of certain complications or after the expiration of the period of use. In the latter case, you can introduce a new contraceptive immediately after removing the previous one. To remove the IUD, an ultrasound is first performed and the location of the helix is ​​clarified. Then, under the control of a hysteroscope, the cervical canal is expanded and the spiral is removed by pulling on the "antennae". If the "antennae" breaks off, the procedure is repeated in the hospital. If the intrauterine device penetrates the uterine wall and does not cause complaints, it is not recommended to remove it unnecessarily, as this can lead to complications. Complications of intrauterine contraception Side effects of the intrauterine device: pain in the lower abdomen; genital infection; uterine bleeding. These symptoms do not develop in all patients and are considered complications. Pain in the lower abdomen Occur in 5-9% of patients. Cramping pains, accompanied by, are a sign of spontaneous expulsion of the IUD from the uterine cavity. To prevent this complication in the period after the introduction, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. Permanent intense pain occur if the contraceptive does not match the size of the uterus. In this case, it is replaced. Sudden sharp pains may be a sign of perforation of the uterus with the penetration of part of the spiral into the abdominal cavity. The frequency of this complication is 0.5%. Incomplete perforation often goes unnoticed and is diagnosed after unsuccessful attempts to remove the IUD. With complete perforation, an emergency laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed. genital infection The frequency of infectious and inflammatory complications (and others) ranges from 0.5 to 4%. They are difficult to tolerate, accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen, fever, purulent discharge from the genital tract. Such processes are complicated by the destruction of the tissues of the uterus and appendages. For their prevention, antibiotics are prescribed for several days after the introduction of the IUD. a wide range actions. Uterine bleeding uterine bleeding develops in 24% of cases. Most often it appears heavy menstruation(menorrhagia), less often - intermenstrual blood loss (metrorrhagia). Bleeding leads to the development of chronic iron deficiency anemia, manifested by pallor, weakness, shortness of breath, brittle hair and nails, dystrophic changes internal organs. To prevent bleeding, two months before the installation of the spiral and within 2 months after that, it is recommended to take combined oral contraceptives. If menorrhagia results in anemia, the IUD is removed. The onset of pregnancy IUD reduces the likelihood of pregnancy. However, if it does occur, the risk is higher than among other women. If pregnancy occurs during the period of using the spiral, there are three scenarios for the development of events: Artificial termination, because such a pregnancy increases the risk of infection of the embryo and in half of the cases ends in spontaneous abortion. Removal of the IUD, which can lead to spontaneous abortion. Preservation of pregnancy, while the spiral does not harm the baby and is released along with the fetal membranes during childbirth. This increases the risk of pregnancy complications. The ability to conceive and bear a child is restored immediately after the removal of intrauterine contraception, pregnancy occurs within a year in 90% of women who have not used other methods of contraception. Indications for use This type of contraception in nulliparous can cause serious complications preventing future pregnancy. An intrauterine device for nulliparous women can be used only if it is impossible or unwilling to use other methods. For such patients, mini-coils containing copper are intended, for example, Flower Cuprum. It does not make sense to install an IUD for a short time, so a woman should not plan a pregnancy for the next year or longer. IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. On the contrary, they are believed to increase the risk of developing and worsen the course of such diseases. Most often IUDs are used in the following situations: increased fertility, frequent pregnancies against the background of an active sexual life; temporary or permanent unwillingness to have children; extragenital diseases in which pregnancy is contraindicated; the presence of severe genetic diseases the woman or her partner. Contraindications to the intrauterine device Absolute contraindications: pregnancy; endometritis, adnexitis, colpitis and other inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, especially acute or chronic with constant exacerbations; cancer of the cervix or body of the uterus; previous ectopic pregnancy. Relative contraindications: uterine bleeding, including heavy menstruation; endometrial hyperplasia; congenital or acquired deformity of the uterus; blood diseases; severe inflammatory diseases of internal organs; previously occurring spontaneous expulsion (expulsion) of the IUD; intolerance to the components of the spiral (copper, levonorgestrel); no childbirth. In these situations, the appointment of an intrauterine hormonal system is often justified. Its use is indicated for endometrial pathology, heavy bleeding, painful periods. Therefore, the gynecologist will be able to choose the right intrauterine device after examining and examining the patient. Despite the fact that today gynecologists can offer women many methods of contraception, the IUD (spiral) remains a fairly popular tool, especially if the lady does not want to bother herself with daily pills or constant spending on condoms. Let's try to figure out what are the advantages and disadvantages of this tool? What is an IUD (spiral)? IUD is an intrauterine device, which, accordingly, is installed inside the uterus. This device is made of various materials, but most often women are offered to insert a spiral made of plastic and copper. The main purpose of the spiral is to perform the function of a contraceptive, which is established for a long time and has almost 99% efficiency. It is better when children become a planned joy, so even for married women, the issue of protection always remains relevant. Navy spiral in this case seems to them very convenient way, since they lead an active sex life, but at the same time they are burdened with other worries: so such methods of contraception as taking pills, calculating “safe” days that require strict discipline, do not suit them. At the same time, the Navy does not hit family budget like condoms or gels, it is fixed for a period of 3 years and can be removed at any time if the mistress so wishes. If there were no complications while wearing the spiral, then reproductive function The uterus recovers in about 3 months. This "pleasure" will cost about 30 dollars. It all depends on the material and the clinic that the woman prefers. However, not every patient can install this device in the uterus, since such a contraceptive has a lot of contraindications. Need to consult with an experienced doctor, who will not only be able to figure out whether his patient needs a spiral, but also correctly install the device in the uterus. The action of intrauterine devices The IUD coil is a contraceptive that actually acts as an abortifacient. The fact is that the IUD does not prevent the entry of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity. Although the creators of the spirals claim that it prevents the advancement of male germ cells, this is not always the case. The main purpose of the spiral is to prevent the fixation of an already fertilized egg in the organ cavity. A similar effect of the IUD spiral is due to the fact that when introduced into the uterus, it causes inflammation of the epithelium. If the surface layer of the uterus is inflamed, then the fertilized egg cannot be enriched with the necessary qualities and attach to the wall of the uterus. As a result, the fertilized egg is forced to leave the uterine cavity along with menstruation. If you call a spade a spade, then the spiral constantly provokes miscarriages. That is why it cannot be guaranteed that after the removal of the spiral, a woman will be 100% able to become pregnant. Doctors do not hide the fact that a negative outcome of pregnancy is a habit, and for some ladies, the recovery period takes from six to twelve cycles. But under unfavorable circumstances, attempts to get pregnant can drag on for many years. Therefore, gynecologists recommend putting the spiral on patients who have already fulfilled their maternal duty and no longer plan to have children. History of the creation of the Navy The Navy spiral celebrated its 100th anniversary back in 2009, since in 1909 the scientist Richter first mentioned it in his writings. Even then, the issues of contraception were very acute: the change of morals, the sexual revolution, the demarche of feminism. Relations between the opposite sex became freer, women began to be interested in many more things besides their family, as a result - having seven or more children, even if the lady was legally married, was inconvenient. Gynecologists took up the development various methods contraception and, as an option, an intrauterine device was born. True, in those days, not a spiral was introduced into the uterine cavity, but a ring, tied in the center with many silk threads. In the 30s. The Richetra ring was improved by the scientist Grefenberg, who strengthened both the frame of the ring and the threads themselves with alloys of zinc and copper. The "boom" on the spiral began a little later - in the 60s. They also practiced their installation in the Soviet Union. There was even such a kind of spiral in the form of the letter S, which was later abandoned due to the many inconveniences associated with the introduction, as well as wearing such a product. The contraceptive properties of copper became known only in the 70s. It was then that the first models of copper spirals appeared, which are still used today. A little later, silver was also added to copper, designed to increase the antisperm effect. Types of IUD spirals Who would have thought, but today there are about 100 varieties of IUDs. Types of IUD spirals differ not only in the material from which they are made, but also in size, rigidity, and shape. We will not consider all varieties. Let's take a look at the most popular ones. IUD spiral with hormonal content has the shape of the letter "T". It has flexible shoulders and is also equipped with an extraction ring. A special container is placed in the core of the spiral, which contains hormonal medicine. Every day, this medicine is released into the uterine cavity in a volume of 24 mcg and creates an additional protective barrier against spermatozoa. Set for 5 years. Average price: seven thousand rubles. The next common type of IUD is the silver helix. Reviews of women who have experienced the effect of silver spirals vary greatly among themselves. Doctors also advise silver spirals, claiming that they relieve inflammation. The usual copper spiral does not have such properties, and besides, it quickly loses its contraceptive properties. There is also a “Multiload” spiral, which has the shape of a semi-oval and, due to the protrusions, is well attached to the walls of the uterus. Such a spiral will never spontaneously fall out. IUD spiral "Vector" - a fairly common product in pharmacies and clinics. "Vector-extra" is a company that produces spirals of any shape from any material. Most often, gynecologists advise the product of this manufacturer. Indications for use A gynecologist, before installing a spiral, must make sure that a woman does not have inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. A foreign body introduced into the uterus will only aggravate the course of the disease. Therefore, the first indication for the use of a spiral should be good health especially in gynecology. The spiral becomes the only way out if the patient has a constant intimate relationship with a partner and at the same time suffers from an allergy to condoms. You can, of course, replace condoms with oral contraceptives, but this is not without contraindications. Sometimes the IUD is the last option that is more or less suitable for a single woman. The lady who is installing the spiral should understand that this device does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, so it is worth limiting yourself to one proven partner. The IUD does not take root well in nulliparous women. Most likely, the doctor will not dare to install a spiral for such a patient. But those ladies who have already given birth and no longer plan to have children may well give preference to the IUD and not worry about the consequences associated with the abortive effect of the contraceptive. Contraindications Any diseases in the gynecological part are very significant contraindications to the installation of the spiral. Considering that the IUD additionally irritates the uterine mucosa, one should not hope that the introduction of a foreign body into it will pass without a trace. The irregular shape of the uterus or other pathologies of the female organs cast doubt on the effectiveness of the use of the spiral, and if a woman suffers from uterine bleeding of an unknown nature, then it is better to forget about the spiral forever. There are also situations when the patient had some kind of venereal disease, but she successfully cured it. Before installing the spiral, you need to pause for 12 months to make sure that no relapse is expected. There are also relative contraindications, to which in some cases you can turn a blind eye. Such contraindications include ectopic pregnancy, which the patient had in the past, inflammatory diseases in terms of gynecology associated with recent childbirth. Who would have thought, but a contraindication to the installation of the IUD is heart disease and diabetes mellitus. And in general, any diseases that have a bad effect on immunity become an occasion to think about, because after the introduction of the spiral, a woman becomes vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases. An incorrectly inserted spiral can provoke uterine bleeding. So that the matter does not end tragically, it is necessary to make sure that the patient who insists on the introduction of a spiral has no problems with blood clotting. Doctors openly say that the IUD does not have the best effect on the nature of menstruation. If a woman already suffers from painful periods, then the spiral is unlikely to make her feel better - on the contrary, it will only aggravate. Preparing for the installation procedure Even if a woman does not complain about her health, the attending physician must still play it safe and conduct a whole range of studies so as not to harm the patient's health. Of course, the first thing to do is to collect an anamnesis from the words of the woman herself: the doctor asks her about her well-being and state of health. Then you need to pass standard blood and urine tests, but it is also advisable to check your blood for sugar and clotting. You can not do without an external examination of the genital organs and taking a smear. If the patient has infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, then the installation of the spiral should be forgotten. By at least until the woman is completely cured. You will also need an ultrasound of the uterus to assess its size, shape and general state. Only after all these procedures can you finally decide what kind of spiral this or that woman will need. Installation procedure The Navy is installed only in medical office. It is advisable not to rush to choose a specialist who will install the spiral, and look for a professional person with extensive experience. Sometimes an incorrectly inserted coil into the uterus ends in pregnancy, internal bleeding or just extreme discomfort. So this issue needs to be approached as seriously as possible. Does it hurt to insert an IUD coil? Everything again depends on the doctor who will do this, and on the woman's pain threshold. Particularly sensitive natures may feel discomfort, sometimes they may even faint, but most women tolerate the introduction of the spiral painlessly. The procedure itself takes no more than two minutes. An IUD is inserted on a gynecological chair using special disposable devices that are sold complete with a spiral. The most favorable time for the procedure is the end of menstruation, that is, 5-7 days after they start. During this period, the cervical canal is sufficiently open to perform the installation of the spiral as painlessly as possible. Before the introduction of the IUD, the cervix is ​​​​treated with an antiseptic. Then the doctor visually assesses the depth and direction of the uterine canal and proceeds to insert the IUD. After the procedure, the threads of the spiral are cut off a little, leaving only small antennae - they will be needed when the IUD needs to be removed. Side effects What IUD spiral side effects can provoke? Unfortunately, this list is long and often scares women who plan to install a spiral. Firstly, it is important to monitor your feelings for 3 months after the installation procedure: the spiral may fall out and this should definitely be noticed until it provokes damage to the uterine canal. If you get the fallen spiral in time, it will not cause harm. What else should you expect if an IUD coil has been installed? Side effects in the form of painful and heavy periods in the first eight months - this is a common occurrence. But uterine bleeding can occur not only during menstruation, but also in the intervals between them. You should not wait a long time for the denouement of events; with such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. Indications for the removal of the spiral are also itching in the vagina, burning, soreness of intercourse, pain that suddenly occurs in the lower abdomen and in the lower back. All of these symptoms may be accompanied by chills, fever, and feeling unwell. The installation of the spiral must be abandoned even at the stage of introduction, if difficulties arise and the process is too painful. The most dangerous thing that can happen when an IUD is inserted or removed is a uterine puncture. It is difficult not to notice the puncture, so the patient receives immediate emergency assistance. In addition, the spiral often becomes the cause of the formation of fibroids, and in rare cases- perforation of the uterus. Do IUD coils get fat? A spiral made of gold or copper does not affect a woman's weight in any way. However, if a hormonal spiral is installed, then everything can be. Navy spiral: reviews Spiral manufacturers claim that it is almost impossible to get pregnant with her, but the reviews on the forums say otherwise. big shock for one girl it was when, after installing the Vector spiral, she suddenly discovered pregnancy, and even for a period of 5 weeks. The embryo grew to a certain size and, displaced by the spiral, left the uterus. But a miscarriage in the fifth week does not go completely without a trace. The girl was “cleaned”, then transferred to hormonal drugs and for 2 years she was forbidden to become pregnant. And this is not an isolated case. Common complaints are problems with menstruation: in some patients they become too plentiful, and in some they disappear altogether. Feelings of discomfort in the lower abdomen are also not uncommon. There were cases when, due to the installation of spirals, additional diseases female organs, fibroids formed, appendages became inflamed. There are also complaints that discomfort is felt during intercourse if the partner goes too "deep", but these are isolated cases. Also rare, but do occur, uterine bleeding. So it turns out that among themselves women constantly discuss the IUD spiral, look at the photos on the Internet and for a long time do not dare to put this device on themselves, because in fact, patients for whom the wearing of the helix went without a trace can be counted on the fingers. There are undoubtedly good reviews, but there are too few of them against the backdrop of a general chorus of complaints and disappointment. Navy spiral: which is better? In any case, a woman cannot independently decide which spiral is needed. As mentioned above, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations to make sure that the installation of the IUD will be appropriate at all. Suppose that the tests turned out to be favorable, the woman had already given birth at least once, and the gynecologist agreed to put a spiral on her. As a rule, doctors offer several options for spirals so that the patient can choose the one that is convenient for her. For example, install a copper or silver navy coil? How to choose? A copper spiral will cost less, but its duration effective work limited because copper corrodes quickly. The silver spiral will cost more, but it will last longer and, according to manufacturers, will help reduce inflammation in the uterus. The golden spiral differs little from the silver one in terms of therapeutic and contraceptive properties, but it is one of the most expensive IUDs due to the high cost of the noble metal. If you ask what form the IUD spiral is, the photos will show that in addition to the T-shaped form, they produce spirals and semi-oval, and with spikes, etc. The T-shaped form is more organic for the organ, but if there is a bend in the uterus or what - or other physiological features, then this issue is resolved in tandem with the doctor. Thus, the IUD is a contraceptive that raises many questions and concerns, but in some cases, when pregnancy is no longer planned, when it is difficult to find an alternative, the spiral turns into a lifesaver. In such a combination of circumstances, one can take a risk and, if the IUD does not take root, at any time it can be removed.