Types of urethritis: description of mycoplasma, herpetic, congestive, viral and others. Types of urethritis - different masks of the same disease

Any inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary tract, as a rule, are accompanied by extreme unpleasant symptoms, which forces the patient to consult a doctor quite early. However, if the disease occurs latently or subacutely (low-grade), then there is a risk of it becoming chronic, requiring very long and sometimes ineffective treatment.

Urethritis is a pathological process of an inflammatory nature, localized in the mucous layer of the urethra (urethra), having an infectious or non-infectious nature of its origin.

Before talking about the causes of urethritis, its variants clinical course and principles of treatment, it is worth mentioning that the disease is very actual problem among doctors of different specialties. Gynecologists, venereologists, urologists and others deal with the treatment of the disease.

The disease is most often registered among segments of the population with a low socio-cultural level of development, this fact is explained by the characteristics of their sex life and lack of commitment to timely diagnosis.

Most often, the disease occurs against the background of sexually transmitted infections in the absence of barrier contraception measures

Classification

First of all, the disease is usually divided into two large groups (the classification is based on the affiliation of infectious agents with the origin of the pathological process).

Infectious urethritis:

• specific variant of the disease: trichomonas; tuberculosis; gonorrheal.
• nonspecific variant of the disease: associated with bacterial agents (mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gardnerella, etc.); associated with viral agents (herpetic, candylomatous, etc.); chlamydial; fungal; mixed.

Non-infectious urethritis:

• traumatic;
• allergic;
• exchange;
• congestive urethritis.

The inflammatory process in the urethra of any etiology is extremely unpleasant

There is a separate classification of the disease, according to which the process is divided into gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis. However, this division of the disease is considered not entirely correct and is extremely rarely used among doctors.

It is also worth highlighting inflammatory processes in the urethra that occur against the background of disturbed psychosomatics in the patient (psychogenic, that is, caused by mental disorders, prolonged depression, nervous strain). There are also urethritis, which are associated with improper medical tactics(iatrogenic).

Morphological characteristics of urethritis

The chronic form of the disease can occur in several morphological variants:

• Follicular urethritis. It is characterized by blockage of the excretory ducts of the Littre glands (located around the urethra), and the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in them, which can form cysts.
• Infiltrative urethritis. It develops when a pathogenic pathogen penetrates under the mucous layer of an organ. Pathological restructuring of the epithelial layer occurs (its metaplasia).
• Granulation urethritis. If the process does not respond to adequate therapy for a long time, then a gradual multiplication of infectious agents occurs in the thickness of the epithelial layer, and in some places ulcers and granulation-type growths form.
• Desquamative urethritis. This form of the disease is characterized by the involvement of the entire urethra in the pathological process, the mucous layer of which undergoes keratinization (observed in gonorrheal urethritis).

Causes

Infectious factors

A larger percentage of cases of urethritis are, one way or another, associated with the proliferation of infectious agents and their effect on the patient’s body.

In women, the disease can begin when pathogenic properties are activated in microorganisms that are representatives of the “natural” microflora of the vagina and rectal lumen. We are talking about pathogens such as Klebsiella, Esherichia coli, Enterobacter, Proteus and others.

Most often, the process occurs against the background of enterococcus fecalis (if the rules of intimate hygiene are not followed)

For males, the disease is typically associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. If none of these microorganisms are detected in the test materials, then a diagnosis of non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis is made.

It occupies one of the leading places among all causes of the disease. In approximately 1/3 of patients, the process is asymptomatic, while they are active bacteria carriers.

Among the nonspecific pathogens of the disease, it is worth highlighting mycoplasma and ureaplasma, which can become a trigger for the development of quite serious diseases not only of the urethra, but also of the bladder and kidneys. In approximately 1/4 of men, nongonorrheal urethritis is associated with the active reproduction of these microorganisms.

If viral agents are introduced into the organs of the reproductive tract, which is observed during intimate relationships, a pathological process of the corresponding etiology is launched. Among the main pathogens, it is worth highlighting herpes simplex virus type 2 (herpetic urethritis) and condillomatosis. Most often, the clinical picture is observed only during primary infection, and then the disease passes into a latent form, accompanied by periods of remission and exacerbation.

Not long ago, scientists established the involvement of Gardnerella vaginalis in the occurrence of the disease, which is transmitted exclusively through sexual contact and is isolated from the urethral secretions of both men and women.

Against the background of immunodeficiency conditions, fungal urethritis is most often diagnosed; long-term antibiotic therapy or the use of hormones and cytostatics can also contribute to its occurrence.

Non-infectious factors

As mentioned above, the disease can be caused not only by infectious agents, but also by a number of other reasons:

• traumatic effects on the urethral epithelium, as a result of which the protective ability of the mucous membrane is impaired (against the background of urethroscopy, catheterization or cystoscopy of the bladder, after the introduction of foreign bodies into the lumen of the urethra, after difficult childbirth, etc.);
• impaired urethral patency due to strictures or its pathological bends (this leads to stagnation of urine, which is a provoking factor for the development of the inflammatory process);
• allergic urethritis occurs with severe allergies to various chemicals, food, cosmetics, medications, etc.;
• congestion in the pelvic organs in women (against the background of varicose veins), in the penis or scrotum in men (congestive urethritis);
• pronounced metabolic disorders leading to changes in the acidity of urine, the formation of sand and stones in the urinary tract (uraturia, oxalatry and others);
• oncological processes in the urethra of a benign or malignant nature.

Urolithiasis disease often causes inflammation in the urethra

Predisposing factors

Among the predisposing causes, one way or another, influencing the development of the pathological process, it is necessary to highlight:

• concomitant inflammatory processes in the bladder and kidneys (cystitis, pyelonephritis and others), prostate gland (prostatitis) and others;
• short immune status sick;
• prolonged and frequent intake of alcohol, tobacco use;
• low level social development and uncontrolled sexual intercourse;
• use of antibiotics, glucocorticoid hormones or cytostatics;
• sedentary lifestyle, low level of daily physical activity;
• failure to comply with intimate hygiene rules, use of personal products (for example, infection of girls by infected mothers using a shared washcloth or towel).

Complications

If the disease is not diagnosed in time, or the treatment provided is inadequate, then there is a risk of complications of the process.

Among the most common adverse outcomes of the disease are the following:

• inflammatory processes in the prostate (prostatitis), epididymitis, vesiculitis;
• strictures in the lumen of the urethra;
• inflammatory processes in organs reproductive system in women, which very often becomes the cause of female infertility, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, as well as ectopic pregnancy (endometritis, cervicitis and others).

Diagnostics

The basis for diagnosing urethritis is represented by several research methods:

• The bacterioscopic method is the fastest. The essence of the procedure is microscopic examination discharge from the lumen of the urethra (native and pre-colored preparation). Using this method, microbes (primarily gonococcus), protozoa, as well as all cellular elements and their increase (leukocytes, epithelial cells and others) can be detected in the patient.
• The bacteriological method is necessary to accurately determine the nature of the infectious agent. To do this, the substrate is sown on nutrient media. In addition to growing a pure culture of the pathogen, its antibacterial sensitivity is assessed, which is necessary for adequate treatment.
• Serological methods make it possible to detect in the patient’s body antibodies developed to the antigens of the pathogen, as well as the DNA of the microorganism (ELISA, PCR, RSK and others).

The requirements for collecting material are as follows:

• For female representatives, discharge from the urethra is taken no earlier than an hour after the last act of urination. For collection, only a sterile cotton swab (“urethral”) is used, which is inserted into the lumen of the urethra (to a depth of 2-4 cm). After several rotational movements, the doctor should remove the tampon and place it in a special container for transportation.
• In men, discharge is collected 2 hours after the last bladder emptying. The further algorithm for collecting material is similar to the previous one.

When the discharge is very small or absent altogether, therefore the biological substrate for research is obtained by scraping the anterior wall of the urethra.

Principles of treatment

It is based on etiological and pathogenetic orientation. This is necessary in order to completely destroy the pathogenic microorganism, and not just stop the symptoms of the disease.

Etiological therapy includes the administration of the following groups of drugs:

• antibacterial agents (preference is given to penicillins and cephalosporins of the latest generation);
• antiviral drugs;
• antifungal agents.

If we are talking about urethritis that has arisen against the background of metabolic disorders in the body, then to correct the condition it is necessary to combat oxalaturia, uraturia, etc.

Pathogenetic therapy involves the fight against anatomical defects (for example, strictures of the urethra) or other causes that contribute to the progression of the disease (inflammatory processes around the urethra and others).

In chronic form of urethritis, Special attention is given immunostimulating therapy, thanks to which the patient’s own protective properties are activated.

Also, all patients are recommended to adhere to a special diet. It is necessary to refuse or minimize as much as possible the consumption of extractive substances that can cause an exacerbation of the disease (spicy, salty and fried foods, garlic, seasonings, semi-finished products, etc.).

For chronic urethritis, local treatment is mandatory. Various antiseptics (Furacilin, Chlorhexidine and others) are injected into the lumen of the urethra. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms of balanoposthitis (inflammation foreskin in men), use Levomekol ointment, which can significantly reduce itching and burning sensation.

Do not neglect the methods of physiotherapeutic treatment (UHF, electrophoresis with antibacterial agents, etc.), as well as homeopathy (the use of decoctions and infusions based on natural ingredients).

In combination therapy, traditional medicine methods have proven their effectiveness, as they contribute to a speedy recovery of the patient

Conclusion

Urethritis is an extremely unpleasant disease, because it can worsen not only the patient’s physical well-being, but also his emotional state. Often, due to illness, libido decreases and family life collapses.

If urethritis has tormented you, you should not delay your visit to the doctor and try to treat the disease yourself, because this can only aggravate the process and lead to a number of serious complications.

One of the common diseases, the elimination of which falls within the competence of urologists, is urethritis. The condition is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the urinary canal. No different from the nature of the origin of any inflammation, pathology occurs as a result of damage to the body by pathogenic flora. Pathogenic microorganisms that provoke the development of urethritis are classified into bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens.

Urethritis almost always involves an infectious genesis. Inflammation of the urethra, which occurs as a response to irritation of non-infectious origin, is a rather rare phenomenon in urology. Therefore, diseases of this category occupy only a small niche of pathologies of the urinary system.

The development of the disease affects men more: their urethra is known for significant anatomical differences from the female one, the inflammatory process is more severe and more difficult to respond to even a competent therapeutic approach. Considering these features, the correct tactics for the patient is immediate appeal for medical help, since there is a high probability of multiple complications for his health.

In the majority clinical cases, the onset of inflammation can be avoided. To do this, it is important to know the factors that can trigger its onset. Urethritis occurs when the patient:

• Has hidden sexually transmitted infections or neglected to complete the full therapeutic course regarding this problem.
• Systematically irritates and mechanically affects the mucous epithelium of the urethra (for example, by rubbing tight underwear, scratching, gels or soaps intended for intimate hygiene).
• Previously suffered a trauma to the urethra.
• Experiences excessive sweating in the intimate area.
• Allows the skin around the genitals to become wet.
• Got a hospital-acquired infection (most often this happens when a catheter was inserted into the bladder or bougie with untreated instruments).
• There is a violation of blood circulation inside the pelvic cavity.
• Overcooled.
• Suffering from kidney inflammation (especially chronic form).
• He eats poorly, with long breaks, mainly spicy and salty foods.
• Has an imbalance in the body's water balance because it does not consume enough fluid.

Not only a combination of these aspects can cause inflammation, but also the impact of each of them separately.

Classification

Carrying out differential diagnosis, the urologist classifies the patient’s disease into one of the categories. According to existing qualifications, urethritis differs from each other in the origin of infection, type, development characteristics, as well as the period when this occurred. Considering this fact, urethritis of the urethra is distinguished between acute and chronic forms. They are primary and secondary, infectious and non-infectious in nature.

Non-infectious urethritis. Diseases in this group are caused by procedures that involve the use of medical instruments. Other factors in the development of non-infectious urethritis:

1. Impaired blood circulation in the pelvic organs.
2. Oncological neoplasms of the bladder, urethra.
3. Long bumpy ride.

The urinary tract also becomes inflamed when kidney function is impaired. The disease is characterized by discomfort and pain in the urethra: during urine excretion, the symptoms worsen, although the course of the disease itself is characterized by lethargy.

The goal of the therapeutic approach is to stop inflammation and eliminate the circumstances predisposing to it. This will not only cure the patient, but will also prevent the disease from degenerating into its infectious form. This phenomenon is preceded by the addition of a bacterial pathogen.

Urethritis of infectious origin. There is a specific and nonspecific type of infectious urethritis. Specific urethritis is often caused by sexually transmitted infections, including trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. The disease has an insidious feature - it cannot be detected for a long time, since the course of the inflammatory process is hidden.

To long-term undercurrent processes caused by yeast-like fungi are prone. The fact that an infection has developed is indicated by cutting pain when urinating, the presence of a light coating on the mucous surface of the genital organs.

Fungal flora is not the only pathogenic environment that can enter the body. A bacterial environment can join the pathogenic flora, which increases the risk of developing prostatitis or cystitis.

Nonspecific urethritis. Pathology has three forms of development - acute, chronic and sluggish. Acute inflammatory process of the urethra is manifested by such signs as:

1. Short incubation period.
2. There is pain inside the canal, urine is difficult to pass out.
3. Mucus or pus is released from the urethral canal.
4. Body temperature rises.

Symptoms of indolent urethritis differ only in the overall duration of the disease; pus in the urine is not always detected.

Chronic urethritis causes pyelonephritis, vesiculitis, orchitis - the infection circulates throughout the urinary tract, causing complications. The most common is urinary retention. Urethral stricture is another negative outcome of inflammation of the urethra, the lumen of which narrows if there is no timely treatment.

Treatment

The severity of the disease determines where treatment will occur. The therapeutic process occurs on an outpatient basis or in a hospital. The specialist will be able to plan this only after receiving the results of the completed study. The patient will have to undergo tests to determine pathogenic microflora. When the pathogenic microorganism is specified, the treatment is prescribed competently, and therefore effectively. Ultrasound of the urinary organs allows you to determine the source of inflammation and its limits.

The primary task of the urologist is to stop inflammation, which causes a lot of inconvenience and poses a threat due to the high probability of complications. Based on an understanding of this feature, the doctor prescribes the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The optimal route of administration is in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections.

To achieve a speedy recovery, it is necessary to eliminate the bacterial flora at the local level. Washing the urethra with an antiseptic solution and agents that have antimicrobial properties can quickly eliminate pathogens.

When the development of urethritis is based on a sexually transmitted infection, you will need consultation and treatment with a venereologist. During treatment, the urologist recommends abstaining from sexual activity.

Urethritis cannot be treated at home - the right decision would be to consult a urologist.

Causes (urethritis)

To begin with, it must be said that there are differences in the anatomy of the urethra of men and women, which plays an important role in the implementation of the inflammatory process. In women, the urethra is straighter and shorter, thus during urination, the infection does not linger on the mucous membrane, which cannot be said about the male urethra. It has several bends, narrowing and is longer, which leads to slight stagnation of urine, but when exposed to certain conditions, it is a good environment for the development of urethritis in men. We will discuss the symptoms, causes, and treatment below.

Urethritis, causes of the disease.

Today, according to the etiology of occurrence, urethritis in men and urethritis in women are divided into two groups:

• Infectious
• Non-infectious

Infectious urethritis is the most common and is caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Among this form are:

• Specific
• Non-specific

Nonspecific is essentially a purulent process. Caused by pathogenic flora such as streptococcal, staphylococcal, E. coli and other pathogens. Manifestations and treatment of this form of urethritis do not depend on the type of bacterium.

Specific urethritis, in all patients, is provoked by infectious agents that are transmitted through sexual contact:

• Herpes virus.
• Gonococci. Infection occurs from a sexual partner through the use of common personal hygiene products of a sick person.
• Chlamydia - causes chlamydia urethritis. They belong to bacteria, as they contain in their structure characteristic features. Most often the covering layer is affected internal organs reproductive system.
• Trichomonas.
• Urogenital mycoplasmas are fungi that cause candidomycotic lesions of the urinary tract.

One of the causes of urethritis in men is sex with a partner suffering from mycotic inflammation of the vagina. It is also common as a side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy.

With urethritis, the causes, symptoms, and treatment depend on the type of bacterium.

Urethritis of infectious origin is divided from the entrance gate:

• Primary - the infectious agent enters the urethra through sexual contact from a partner who has sexually transmitted diseases.
• Secondary - penetrates from nearby organs in which there is inflammation (pelvic organs, prostate, bladder). And also for infectious diseases from any other organ (lungs, kidneys, lymph nodes, etc.).

For example, infectious urethritis, the causes of which in women can be colpitis, vulvitis, vaginitis.

Non-infectious urethritis, as mentioned earlier, is caused by opportunistic flora. With urethritis, symptoms, causes, and treatment are varied. The impetus for the aggressive actions of these microorganisms are provoking factors:

• Injuries. During sexual intercourse, when performing diagnostic procedures and manipulations (for example, catheter placement, cystoscopy). For urolithiasis. Sand and stones can become a damaging factor. Nonspecific urethritis in men, the causes may be masturbation with insertion foreign objects in the urethra. Rough, aggressive sexual intercourse is also a cause of urethritis in women; treatment consists of eliminating the mechanical factor of action.
• Tumors of the urethra. Malignant formations often cause an inflammatory process.
• Allergy. It appears in response to various allergens. These can be drugs, food and chemical agents.
• Metabolic disease. It is most often observed in persons suffering from such a severe endocrinological disease as diabetes mellitus.
• Anomalies of the development of the genitourinary system, and in particular congenital narrowing of the urethra. Occurs on various levels, where during embryogenesis, the urethra is united from different primordia. In this case, stagnation of urine occurs, which is favorable soil for the proliferation of bacteria.
• Congestion in the pelvic organs.
• Violation of a rational diet. Eating spicy, irritating foods leads to irritation of the urethral mucosa, which in turn can cause inflammation. Compliance with various diets, such as protein, carbohydrate, etc., can be the causes of urethritis in women; specific treatment is not required.
• Violations of the work and rest regime cause a decrease in general and local immunity.
• Insufficient water consumption leads to the accumulation of bacteria on the walls of the mucous membrane, which leads to the process of inflammation.
• Violation of personal hygiene.

Regarding the clinical course, urethritis in men and urethritis in women is divided into:

• Spicy.
• Chronic.

The causes of acute urethritis are all of the above. With frequent inflammation of the urethra, failure to consult a doctor in a timely manner, or attempts at self-medication, the inflammatory process can become chronic.

Chronic urethritis also develops in people with reduced immunity. This is especially important for young people. An inflammatory process that is not treated in a timely manner can make itself felt when planning a pregnancy. Since dormant infections cause infertility in both sexes. To avoid this, early diagnosis and referral to highly qualified doctors are important. Urethritis in men, symptoms, causes, treatment are clarified and carried out within the walls of a medical institution.

Depending on the localization of the process (according to anatomical criteria - the wall of the urethra), urethritis occurs:

• anterior - in the area of ​​the urethral outlet, on the head of the penis.
• posterior – inflammatory process, closer to the bladder.
• total - covers all the walls of the urethra, respectively.

To summarize, we note that urethritis in men and urethritis in women, the symptoms and causes of its occurrence are the same. The fundamental difference is only in the anatomical structure of the male and female body. And it is important to note that with all types of urethritis, the causes and treatment are closely interrelated.

Symptoms

Symptoms of urethritis occur over time after the pathogen enters the human body. The time from the moment the microbe enters the body to the first symptoms of the disease can take up to one and a half months (more typical for nonspecific urethritis). For specific urethritis, exact dates are allocated. Most often, doctors observe asymptomatic urethritis. The patient is not worried about anything. This condition is more typical for women. With urethritis in men, the incubation period is shortened, the clinic is quite obvious at the beginning and the subsequent bright clinic.

General symptoms of urethritis:

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• The patient is bothered by pain, itching, and a feeling of heat.
• Infrequent, short-term pain in the pubic area.
• Urinary disorders. It is not uncommon for it to be acutely delayed, which requires surgical assistance. This condition is typical for males.
• Foul-smelling, yellow-white, thick discharge.
• Presence of blood in the urine.
• The external opening of the urethra is sealed, often in the morning.

Symptoms occur in different ways. The degree of their expression varies, some to a greater extent, others may be absent. When the process worsens, general health the patient remains satisfactory. With chronic urethritis, there are practically no symptoms. This form is characterized by the appearance of intervals of growth and decay.

Clinic for various specific forms of urethritis:

Gonorrheal urethritis is caused by gonococcal flora. The route of transmission is sexual. Signs of urethritis in men: in an acute condition, the symptoms are similar to urethritis caused by a nonspecific infection. In the chronic process, patients are concerned about pain during urination, purulent discharge from the urethra, more often after drinking alcohol, or sexual intercourse. In women, the symptoms are as follows: pain and discomfort during urination. When the process is chronic, the clinic is mostly absent; a professional examination by a doctor and the results of laboratory methods will help make the correct diagnosis.

Urethritis disease, symptoms in the photo:

Candidal urethritis is caused by fungal flora, with a decrease in immunity, both local and general. Manifestations in men and women are almost identical. Patients complain of pain and pain in the urethra, viscous whitish discharge. Complications in men, often in the form of balanoposthitis. With candidal urethritis, symptoms and treatment are interrelated, patients take antifungal drugs.

Trichomoniasis urethritis. The incubation period averages 14 days.

Women experience irritation and a feeling of heat in the genital area. Men are also concerned about a feeling of heat and discomfort closer to the external opening of the urethra. There may be traces of blood in the semen. Scanty discharge is also typical. If a patient, in the midst of an illness, does not consult a doctor, after a month the clinic leaves, and the process acquires the status of chronic. If these symptoms of urethritis are detected in men, anti-trichomonas medications are prescribed.

Herpetic urethritis is a disease that occurs in a latent form and remains in the body for a long time. The incubation period is from 1 to 11 days. Initially, general symptoms appear, such as: weakness, fatigue, malaise, lethargy, muscle pain, etc. Further observed specific symptoms in the form of a vesiculopapular rash in the genital area. When urinating, they experience pain that brings discomfort to the person. With herpetic urethritis in women, symptoms and treatment depend on timely contact with specialists, since they often experience complications in the form of vulvitis and should be observed by gynecologists (a risk factor for cervical cancer). For these symptoms of urethritis in women, medications are prescribed immediately after diagnosis. These include antiviral medicines, for example acyclovir.

Staphylococcal urethritis. As mentioned earlier, staphylococcus is present in the body of each of us, but under the influence of provoking factors, it has a negative effect on the human body. With urethritis, frequent, imperative urge to urinate and itchy irritation appear. An increase in the size of the genitals (edema). In the urine, impurities of blood and pus are detected; the urine is opaque, but with a white tint. Purulent rashes on the skin, around the genitals. Men may have enlarged testicles. Most often, the staphylococcal process is detected in females, but in males the process takes on a more severe form, in the form of pastitis, balanitis. When staphylococcal urethritis is detected in men and its symptoms, treatment consists of prescribing antibiotics, antimicrobial drugs, and immunocorrectors.

Urethritis in men, symptoms in the photo:

It is important to remember that treatment not started in a timely manner can lead to infertility. Therefore, after a thorough diagnosis, using special laboratory research methods, such as a general blood test, urine test, bacteriological culture, PCR, the correct treatment program should be selected and strictly adhered to.

Depending on the type of urethritis, symptoms, treatment, medications are prescribed on the first day after diagnosis.

I would like to highlight one more category of the population whose urethritis you need to be able to recognize: these are children. When a child has urethritis, the symptoms vary depending on gender. Little girls experience pain in the pubic area, lower back, and frequent urge to urinate. Boys experience severe irritation in the genital area, discharge from the penis mixed with blood.

Children are a category of the population that cannot explain what bothers them. Most often, they are restless, capricious, constantly cry, scream, and most importantly, when extremely irritated, they scratch the burning area, which creates the ground for further infection. Therefore, parents should pay attention to this and contact a specialist in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

Clinical manifestations of different types of urethritis are similar to other diseases, in particular the reproductive and urinary systems. The tactics and treatment regimen are different for each nosological system. The approach to treatment depends on the correct diagnosis. And in this the doctor is helped by additional research methods, both laboratory and instrumental. Let's look at each method below.

The main niche in diagnosing inflammation of urethritis is occupied by laboratory research methods.

What methods are most often used to detect urethritis?

Microscopic - study the morphological and structural features of the pathogen using a microscope. The task of this method is to identify the cause of the disease and its morphological affiliation.

Cultural (bacteriological) - the essence of the method is to sow cultures isolated from the material for research, and further study them.

Serological research - this method is based on the identification of pathogen antigens in the human body and the determination of specific antibodies.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - is based on the direct detection of the genetic material of the foreign agent that caused the disease, i.e. DNA and RNA, even of non-viable pathogens.

And we also must not forget about a general blood test and urine test, with which the diagnosis of urethritis begins.

Tests for urethritis in women and tests for urethritis in men are similar. If there is all the evidence for urethritis, what tests can help us?

In order to identify the cause of inflammation in the urethra, most often doctors, first of all, after passing a general urine and blood test, prescribe a smear from the urethra. Exist certain rules for collecting the test material.

Preparation for diagnosing urethritis is different for men and women:

• In men: sampling is carried out at least 2 hours after the last urination; A cytobrush is inserted into the urethra to a depth of approximately 3 cm, while rotating movements are made clockwise, and then the material is applied to a glass slide or nutrient medium.
• In women: after urination, at least an hour later; take a cotton swab or, in the absence of discharge from the urethra, a special cytobrush, insert it into the urethra, to a depth of 5 cm, with rotational movements, apply it to the glass for research / nutrient medium.

Sometimes, when the process has an erased clinic, or has moved into chronic stage, sampling using a cytobrush may be uninformative. Then doctors prescribe a scraping of the mucous membrane of the urethra. This method is somewhat painful and unpleasant.

Thanks to the bacterioscopy method, it is possible to easily identify gonococcal and trichomonas flora. When using the bacteriological method, we also easily identify the pathogen, but also determine antibiotic sensitivity, which is very important for prompt treatment.

If a specialist makes a preliminary diagnosis of urethritis, what tests should I take? To begin with, as mentioned earlier, they take a general urine test. What can be revealed? With urethritis, there is blood in the urine, a large number of leukocytes and bacteria. Next, the doctor, if changes in the urine are detected, prescribes a 3-glass test. It allows you to identify in which part of the genitourinary system the inflammatory process is taking place; for this, three portions of urine are examined:

• If changes occur in the first portion, it means that the process is taking place in the urethra and we can talk about urethritis.
• Leukocyturia in the second portion of urine indicates an inflammatory process in the prostate or bladder.
• If changes are detected in all three portions of urine, this means that there is inflammation in the renal collecting system.
• Urine analysis for urethritis in women and men has no fundamental differences.

In modern practice, a well-proven method that allows one to diagnose various pathological conditions, as well as identify changes in the entire urinary system, is ultrasound diagnostics. With ultrasound, urethritis is manifested by thickening of the mucous membrane, and will also show whether neighboring organs into the pathological process.

Sometimes used endoscopic method studies to see with your own eyes the extent of changes - urethoroscopy. A special video sensor is inserted into the urethra, under local anesthesia and conduct research online. There are two ways to do this:

• When filling the urethra and bladder with oxygen.
• When filling the above organs with sodium chloride to stretch the walls and identify the pathological process.

It is also possible to identify tumors, cysts, foreign bodies, etc. When severe degrees urethritis, the method is contraindicated, as complications such as urethral rupture and bleeding are possible. This procedure is best performed in hospital, and under the supervision of doctors for a couple of days.

Differential diagnosis of urethritis is not difficult and can be easily performed by an experienced doctor. In order to understand a specific or nonspecific process, doctors are helped by laboratory research methods that easily identify the type of pathogen. To identify chlamydia urethritis, all of the above laboratory research methods are used, but one of them helps to isolate the pathogen with a 100 percent probability. The material for research in men is the first portion of urine; in women, mucus is taken from the cervical canal. Well suited for herpetic urethritis, except for expensive PCR testing, microscopic method. Huge cells are visualized in the smear. With mycoplasma urethritis, fungi are easily detected in the smear, as well as their colonies when inoculated on nutrient media.

Diagnosis of urethritis is simple and does not require additional costs for the patient. First of all, the patient needs to get tested. Urethritis, at this level of medicine, is not difficult to determine. Based on complaints, symptoms, laboratory and instrumental methods research, you can easily make a diagnosis, identify the true causes of urethritis, and prescribe timely treatment.

Drug treatment

Treatment of urethritis can be carried out on an outpatient basis. It depends on the type of pathogen, its sensitivity to certain drugs, as well as symptoms, complaints, and changes identified through correct diagnosis.

In treatment, antibiotics are most often used. Their choice, as mentioned above, depends on the agent that caused the inflammation and its antibiotic sensitivity. A properly chosen drug will create conditions for a speedy recovery of the patient.

Antibiotics are used in several forms:

• Tableted.
• In the form of injections.

And also when treating urethritis in women, drugs should be prescribed intravaginally, in the form of suppositories, especially when there is concomitant gynecological pathology.

How to treat urethritis in men and women?

• For nonspecific urethritis, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are used for its treatment: cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefipime), macrolides (azithromycin), sulfonamides, tetracycline antibiotics. The prescription and use of medications by patients occurs immediately after diagnosis, without waiting for culture results. After the results are obtained, more effective drugs are prescribed for the microorganism that caused inflammation in the urethra.
• Gonorrheal urethritis. The main antibiotics are cephalosporins, macrolides (spiramycin, josamycin), tetracyclines, and their combinations (tetracycline + macrolide = oletethrin).
• There are special criteria by which to judge what stage the disease is at. After treatment, which lasts on average up to 14 days, a smear is taken to check for the presence of gonococci. If they are not identified, then provocative therapy is carried out with pyrogenal, or with the introduction of silver nitrate into the urethra.

Then they study urethral smears, urine and prostate secretions for three days.

If nothing is found, this therapy is carried out 2 more times, one month apart. If everything is clear in these studies, then the patient is considered healthy and is removed from the register. For gonorrheal urethritis, medicine and price are available to everyone.

Trichomonas urethritis. Antiprotozoal drugs such as metronidazole are used. The mechanism of its action is based on the destruction of the DNA structure of microorganisms. Furazolidone is an antimicrobial drug of the nitrofuran series that works well against Trichomonas. Local antiseptics are used in combination: miramistin, chlorhexidine. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen) are used as symptomatic therapy. Also, along with antibiotics, trichomonacid can be administered intraurethrally for 5-10 minutes for a week. It is important to note that anti-Trichomonas therapy should also be carried out on the sexual partner.

For candidal urethritis, antifungal drugs are used, such as nystatin, ketoconazole, nirozal, candithral, ​​flucostat, etc.

Chlamydial urethritis is treated with the following category of drugs: tetracycline and doxycycline. Broad-spectrum antibiotics: chloramphenicol. Has an antimicrobial effect. Trade names: chloramphenicol actitab, chloramphenicol. Hormonal therapy in combination with antibacterial drugs (prednisone/dexamethasone) has been well recommended.

For herpetic urethritis, acyclovir (trade name: Vivorax, Zovirax), Famvir, Valtrex are prescribed. Acyclovir is an effective drug; urethritis responds well to this therapy.

In the acute form, urethritis and home treatment are not comparable things; in such cases, only hospital treatment.

Important! All medications should be taken by patients at the same time, without skipping. When treatment for urethritis in men is started, medications, as in women, quickly help cope with the disease. To summarize, I would like to say that what kind of urethritis, treatment and medications will be selected accordingly.

In addition to application medicines, you need to follow a diet, correct mode work and rest. What is the proper diet during urethritis:

• Remove spicy, fatty, salty foods from your diet.
• Drink at least 2 liters of water.
• In addition to diet, it is important to abstain from sexual intercourse, prevent hypothermia and do not forget about personal hygiene.

It is typical for the principles of treatment of chronic urethritis that more complex therapy is prescribed. In addition to antibiotics, and their introduction into the urethra along with antiseptics, immune drugs and vitamins and minerals are used.

If there are growths on the urethral mucosa, colloidal silver is injected intraurethrally.

Urethritis and folk remedies for its treatment are increasingly used among those seeking help:

• An herb that is accessible to everyone and found in every garden is parsley. Has a diuretic effect. To do this, take parsley and chop it finely. One liter of water will require two heaped teaspoons. Add the herb to the water and leave overnight. Directions for use: 1-2 tablespoons, at intervals of 1.5 hours.
• The second recipe is with parsley. Place 100 grams of finely chopped parsley in a bowl and pour in a small amount of milk. Place in the oven on very low heat and simmer. After that, we pass it all through gauze. You need to drink 2 teaspoons, often, in order to drink everything in a day.
• You need to take cornflower leaves. For 300 ml of boiling water - one teaspoon of herb. All this should stand for one hour, and take 2 teaspoons 3 times a day, before meals.
• The herb yellow zelenchuk has an anti-inflammatory effect on the urinary system. For 200 ml of boiling water, add 1 spoon of herb, let it brew and take a glass 3 times a day before meals.
• Take blackcurrant leaves and infuse in a volume of 500 ml. We drink instead of tea.

We must not forget that when acute urethritis occurs, alternative treatment is not effective, you need to seek qualified help. But in complex therapy, treatment of urethritis at home can bring the desired result.

Antibiotics for urethritis

For inflammation in the urethra, antibiotics are prescribed depending on the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to the main groups of antibacterial drugs.

In female representatives, due to anatomical features, urethritis does not manifest itself in such an active and acute form as in men. But if the process is not treated and is neglected, it leads to cystitis, gynecological diseases, etc. If a clinician diagnoses urethritis, what antibiotics will help us?

Antibiotics for urethritis in women, list of the most popular:

• Fluoroquinolones 2nd generation.
• β-lactam antibiotics (protected aminopenicillins or 3rd generation cephalosporins).
• Tetracycline antibiotics.
• Macrolides

What antibiotics are used for urethritis in men? The answer is simple, they are the same as in women, but spectimicin helps a lot. It is used when urethritis in men is complicated by prostatitis. Available in bottles and powder form. Route of administration: intramuscular.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the 3rd generation cephalosporins is ceftriaxone. Its action is aimed at inhibiting the processes of cell wall synthesis. Fights staphylococci, streptococci, gram-negative pathogens. This drug is administered intravenously/intramuscularly. For men and women, the dosage is the same, and is 1.5-2 grams per day, or 1 gram 2 times a day. Cooking method:

• For intramuscular injections, take 0.5 grams of dry substance dissolved in 2 ml of one percent lidocaine, 1 gram in 3.5 ml of lidocaine, respectively.
• At intravenous injections 0.5 grams of the substance is dissolved in 5 ml of injection water, 10 ml is taken for 1 gram. Introduce slowly.
• !It is important that before administering the drug, all patients must undergo skin test on drug tolerance.

Azithromycin is an antibacterial agent that is classified as a macrolide antibiotic. Who is sensitive to this drug?:

• Streptococci/staphylococci
• Gonococci, Haemophilus influenzae, chlamydia

More often it is available in tablet form, 125 and 500 mg. Sometimes you can find it in syrup form. For urethritis, antibiotics should be taken an hour before meals and 3 hours after meals. 1 gram 1 time per day. Contraindicated: in case of allergic reactions to the drug; during pregnancy and breastfeeding; with renal and liver failure.

The tetracycline series of drugs has a wide spectrum of action. It has been known throughout the world for 75 years. Many pathogens are already resistant to them, but show a good therapeutic effect against chlamydia. Their action is based on blocking protein synthesis. Most often used in the form of tablets of 50, 100, 250 mg. Patients should take 300-500 mg, 3-4 times a day, an hour before meals. Contraindications are similar to the macrolide group. One of these drugs, Unidox Solutab, is very effective for urethritis. One of its features is that it protects the mucous membrane of the digestive system, in particular the esophagus and stomach. Unidox for urethritis is contraindicated only for pregnant and lactating women.

Combination medications have proven themselves to be effective in the treatment of urethritis. One of these is oletethrin. It is a combination of the macrodide oleandomycin and tetracycline. Available in 125 and 250 mg tablets. Take 250 mg 4 times a day for 6-12 days.

Augmentin is a beta-lactam antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action from the penicillin group. Active ingredient: amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin fights gram-positive and gram-negative flora, and clavulanic acid protects against the action of lactamases, which are secreted by many bacteria. Take 325 mg 3 times a day for mild and moderate forms, and 625/1000 mg 2 times a day. Penicillin antibiotics must be prescribed carefully, and always after consulting a doctor, since allergic reactions very often occur, and with fatal. Contraindicated for people with kidney and liver failure, as well as diseases of the hematopoietic system. Urethritis after antibiotics, correctly selected, is quickly cured. With an inflammatory process, in particular urethritis, after taking antibiotics, it can cause dysbacteriosis.

Antibiotics do not help with urethritis, only if sensitivity testing of the pathogens has not been done. After using antibiotics for urethritis, patient reviews are positive, they note improvement after a 7-10 day course.

• Metronidazole. Belongs to the group of antimicrobial and antiprotozoal agents. Its mechanism of action is based on the destruction of the DNA structure of microorganisms. Active against Trichomonas and Gardnerella. Prescribed in tablet form, 0.25 g, 2 times a day, for a course of up to 10 days. For women, in addition to tablets, it is prescribed intravaginally, in the form of suppositories.

Antiseptics are also used to treat urethritis. Good modern drug Miramistin. It has a broad antimicrobial effect against gram-positive and gram-negative flora. It has an antifungal effect and also fights sexually transmitted pathogens well. Available in bottles for topical use. The package contains 2 attachments. One is gynecological, the other is a regular spray nozzle. Using these nozzles, patients make 2-3 injections into the urethra, 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is up to 14 days. This drug is used in combination therapy, together with antibiotics and antimicrobials. Which enhances the effect of the latter. Allergic reactions are rarely detected. No special contraindications no, only if you are intolerant to the components of the drug.

Suppositories for urethritis

In terms of their effectiveness and use, suppositories used for urethritis are more suitable for females. Due to their frequency, they are not used in all cases for this disease. Only in cases of acute urethritis can this method of treatment be used. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, whom you should contact after various clinical manifestations. If for some reason you do not see a doctor and begin self-treatment, then there is a very high risk of the disease becoming a chronic process.

If urethritis is detected, what suppositories should be prescribed to a sick person? This article will detail effective and frequently prescribed medications for patients with urethritis. Most often, doctors prescribe the following suppositories:

• Hexicon.
• Genferon.

Methyluracil suppositories for urethritis are also prescribed to patients and have a therapeutic effect on the patient. Regardless of whether the suppository is rectal or vaginal, under the influence of the patient’s body temperature, the drug begins to soften and release special healing particles. Next, the released substances begin to penetrate the patient’s body and directly act on the source of inflammation.

It is mandatory for a sick person to undergo combined treatment with all types of drugs at once. In particular, antibacterial drugs. Based on this, the infectious agent is suppressed much faster than in other cases. If this is the case, then there is no longer any need to prescribe the drug. The pathogenic microflora may not die, but is simply in the stage of suppression, this leads to the acquisition of immunity from the infection. That in the future a form of chronic course arises. To make sure that the patient has fully recovered, it is necessary to conduct laboratory diagnostics of blood and urine. Only the attending physician can tell whether a person is healthy or sick.

Urethritis suppository hexicon is the most typical common drug that affects the process of relieving the disease. It can be used for various other processes of inflammation of the human urinary system as a result of infection. The element that directly fights infection is chlorhexidine bigluconate. In addition to urethritis, hexicon treats other diseases:

• The process of inflammation of the bladder.
• Erosive processes of the cervix.
• Candidiasis (thrush).
• Inflammation of the vagina and cervical canal.
• Colpitis.

The following suppositories are also prescribed as an auxiliary effect during certain surgical interventions in women:

• C-section.
• Termination of pregnancy - abortion.
• Installation of intrauterine devices.
• It is prohibited to use the drug if you have a contraindication or allergy to it.

With constant use of these suppositories, some side effects may occur:

• Change in tooth color.
• Peeling of the skin.
• Perversion of taste sensitivity.

As for hexicon, the drug is approved for use by women who are pregnant or who are breastfeeding their children.

Any anti-inflammatory suppositories for urethritis are prescribed only after the doctor’s permission. Hexicon cannot be used on its own; this also applies to other medications.

Vaginal suppositories for urethritis - genferon - have received positive reviews. This drug copes well with urethritis. It has a positive effect on the positive dynamics of the patient’s recovery and fights against:

• Infections of bacterial origin.
• Gribkov.
• Viruses.

Suppositories for urethritis are prescribed for men only for rectal use. The medications prescribed are the same as for women.

Genferon fights infection well, as mentioned above, and gradually normalizes and stimulates the immune system.

Patients should not use this drug if they have an allergic reaction to it. Patients with hypersensitivity It is also undesirable to use the product.

Contraindications are:

• Hoshimoto's disease.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus).
• You can find out the name of the best suppositories for urethritis in women from your doctor.

Miramistin for urethritis

Miramistin urethritis how to use? This drug can be used only after the recommendation of a doctor. The use of the drug will be listed point by point below. When a person gets sick with urethritis, drug treatment with tablets is first prescribed. But, it is also possible to carry out therapeutic therapy through the use of local agents. Miramistin is a drug that speeds up the healing process several times.

The product fights infection directly, that is, it has an antiseptic effect. They have a wide range of effects on pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, by the way, it is just right for such a disease as urethritis. The composition contains elements that directly destroy them from the body as a whole, and from the urethra in particular. Such pathogenic microorganisms can be:

• Fungal and yeast bacteria.
• Bacteria of gram-positive and gram-negative origin.
• Viral agents.
• Protozoa bacteria.
• Dermatophytes.

How to use miramistin for urethritis? Application this drug pretty simple. But for women it is used according to one method, for men - another. This is due to the anatomical features of these sexes. The mechanism of action of miramistin is that it stops the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microflora. And finally, it completely destroys their activity in the human body and in the urethra in particular. It is important that it provokes the development of the immune system, which has a beneficial effect on the patient’s rapid recovery. One of the positive aspects of this drug is that it is used in various forms of urethritis (chronic, acute).

How to use Miramistin for urethritis in men? The procedure is not particularly difficult. In order to rinse the penis part of the urethral canal, you need to take a 20 milliliter syringe. If you have to treat the posterior urethra - 130 milliliters. It is not a needle that is attached to the syringe, but a special medical tube. And they collect Miramistin directly.

The first stage: the man should lie on his back and put a towel under his lower back so that the pelvic region is on a hill, while his legs should be spread and bent at the knees.

Second stage: before inserting the rubber tube, the head of the penis is treated with a special antiseptic.

The third stage: the urethra is directly spread apart and a tube 1 centimeter deep is installed. If you wash the posterior section, then the tube needs to be brought up to 1.5 centimeters. The drug must be administered slowly, one might say drop by drop.

To prevent rapid leakage of the healing liquid, you need to lightly squeeze the urination channel with your fingers before removing the rubber tube.

In men, miramistin for urethritis has only positive reviews. The introduction is low-traumatic. But of course, it doesn’t feel particularly pleasant.

How to use Miramistin for urethritis in women? In terms of its mechanism of drug administration, it is no different from men. But there are small features and differences:

• For rinsing, you need not 20 ml as in men, but only 4 milliliters. This is due to the short urinary channel.
• A special glass tube is used to prevent the backflow of liquid. This use is associated with a weak urethral sphincter. Inserts 6 millimeters.
• The duration of the procedures is no more than 9 days. The drug is administered twice a day. Miramistin for urethritis in women has only positive reviews.

Treatment at home

The issue of rational nutrition remains very important. If the patient has allergic reactions to any food products, they should be excluded from the diet. You should avoid spicy, salty, smoked and flour foods. Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine during the treatment period. Do not overcool and maintain emotional peace, as stress can have a detrimental effect.

Urethritis can be treated at home with herbs, which is well tolerated by patients. The most commonly used herbs for urethritis in women and men: linden, cornflower flowers, parsley, mint, nettle, rose hips, elderberry.

Take linden flowers, about 3 tablespoons, pour 400 ml of boiling water and leave. We drink a warm decoction before bed. Relieves itching, discomfort and feeling of heat in the urethral area.

Pour 10 grams of cornflower flowers into 200 ml of boiling water, leave, strain and drink before meals, 3 tablespoons, 3 times a day.

100-150 grams of finely chopped parsley, pour in a small amount of milk. Place in the oven over low heat and simmer. After that, we pass it all through gauze. You need to drink 2 teaspoons, often, in order to drink everything in a day.

Carrot and cranberry juices also help with this disease.

Herbal infusions. We take horsetail, juniper and rosehip berries, and elderberry. Or mint, nettle + calamus. 2-3 tablespoons of such preparations + 500 ml of boiling water, infuse and drink one glass 2 times a day.

The most famous recipe, from currant leaves. You need to take 3 tablespoons of crushed leaves and pour 500 ml of boiling water and leave. We drink it as tea or instead of it.

Finely chop 10 grams of marshmallow roots, add 200 ml of water, leave for 12 hours. Drink half a glass 2 times a day.

Take 1 teaspoon of mulberry root peel and 1 teaspoon of twig. Pour 100 ml of hot water and leave. If necessary for taste, you can add sugar. Take orally, in dark form.

Prepare a solution from hemp seeds. They need to be ground and liquid poured in until a solution is obtained. white. Drink 3-5 ml, 2-3 times a day.

For urethritis, traditional methods are good as an additional therapy to drug treatment. Before using them, you need to know the doctor’s opinion and his recommendations on this matter. Since their uncontrolled use can cause a negative effect.

Chamomile - natural antiseptic. Has an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effect. How you can use it:

• Baths for urethritis in women and men, based on a decoction of chamomile and calendula flowers.
• Lotions and rinsing of the urethra, after each urination, with the same herbs.
• How to wash urethritis? Chamomile, calendula, furatsilin or potassium permanganate solution are good and relieve inflammation.

People often think that a hot bath will help with urethritis. Yes, hot water relieves pain by relieving muscle spasms and relaxing muscles. But this effect is short-lived. Then the opposite happens. Due to hot water, blood circulation in the body improves and pathogens can spread upward path, for example, in the kidneys, and cause inflammation already there. Therefore, if you decide to use baths for urethritis, then there are several criteria:

• First, the water should be approximately 38 degrees and the room should be warm.
• It is better if you take a sitting position.
• Add an infusion of herbs (linden, chamomile, etc.).
• Take baths before bed, lasting about 10-20 minutes, no more.
• The course of such procedures is up to 14 days.

You can often hear that soda is used for urethritis. Indeed, it alkalinizes acidic urine, which often occurs with urethritis. Acidic urine irritates the mucous membrane of the urinary tract, causing discomfort and discomfort. In an alkaline environment, microorganisms do not develop and die. This is another healing effect of soda. How is the solution prepared? Take 10 grams of soda, dissolve it in 200 ml of hot water, let it cool, and drink in small sips. You can take 2-3 glasses a day. If the taste is unpleasant, add citrus fruit juice without large quantities.

When diagnosed in men and women with urethritis, homeopathy is also an equally good method of treatment, along with traditional therapy. What drugs are used?:

• For pain, severe irritating itching in the urethra, frequent urge to urinate, and the feeling that you cannot completely go to the toilet, Argentum is prescribed.
• If the urine has an unpleasant odor, has a purulent component, and is viscous; pain throughout the urethra, prostatitis, then Himaphylla Umbellata helps.
• The drug digitalis is indicated for gonorrhea with heavy discharge, prostatitis; with a feeling of incomplete emptying, night discharge.

Gel for urethritis, vaginal and for external use, with antibacterial and antiprotozoal effects - Metrogyl. It is used in women, since vaginosis often causes complications in the form of urethritis. It is used in complex therapy at a dose of 5 grams, 2 times a day. It is not recommended to take it together with penicillin antibiotics or alcohol.

Treatment with leeches - hirudotherapy. Leeches are placed on the points where the ureter is projected. This is done by a specialist. Up to 7 sessions are indicated, every 2-3 days.

After complex therapy, prevention of urethritis is very important in order to avoid relapses and the occurrence of more serious diseases:

• Everyone should adhere to the rules of personal hygiene.
• Use personal protective equipment during sexual intercourse.
• Never tolerate it, but when you have the urge, urinate.
• Avoid stress, do not overcool.
• Adhere to a rational, proper diet. Eat more fiber. Drink more regular, purified water, at least 2 liters per day, which will remove bacteria.
• Do not start existing inflammatory processes, but contact specialists for qualified assistance.
• Do not self-medicate.
• Undergo preventive examinations.
• Even if nothing bothers you, visit a urologist/gynecologist.

Doctor treating urethritis

Urethritis has been diagnosed, which doctor should I go to? Since this disease is associated with the inflammatory process of the urinary tract, it is necessary to contact a urologist. The process of inflammation occurs as a result of the penetration of an infectious agent. You need to contact as soon as possible if there are prerequisites for the presence of inflammation of the urethra (urethritis). In terms of frequency of occurrence, it should be noted that males are more likely to suffer from this pathology. Women get sick less due to the anatomical structure of the urethra. It is much shorter, and when infected, the bladder immediately becomes inflamed.

Urethritis, which doctor should I contact? So, if a man gets sick, he should immediately contact a urologist. Since men are more likely to get sick, urologists have come up with statistics that chronic urethritis is more common. Acute urethritis is observed less frequently for certain reasons. The clinical picture is that this disease manifests itself sluggishly, because of this, patients do not immediately seek treatment. This fact provides for the chronization of the process. Urethritis in women, which doctor should I contact? In females, this pathology is treated by a urologist. But urethritis can also be treated by a gynecologist. In most cases, the process of inflammation begins with the vagina, then the urethra becomes inflamed - according to an ascending principle.

The doctor treating urethritis diagnoses it using various laboratory and instrumental methods. There are a huge number of factors that provoke this disease. The reasons are divided into two parts:

• Nonspecific.
• Specific.

Nonspecific are observed as a result of penetration into the body and provoking inflammation by pathogens such as staphylococci, streptococci.

Specific causes are those that are venereal in origin. Some infectious agents that are sexually transmitted: Trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and coli.

Urethritis is treated by a doctor on an outpatient basis; the person’s disease is not in the acute stage. Clinical manifestations are such that they are not difficult to identify. It makes no difference whether a man or a woman is sick. If for some reason there is no specialist urologist, then you should go to see a family doctor or therapist.

Urethritis is suspected, which doctor diagnoses the patient? Any diagnostic and therapeutic measures are carried out by a urologist. First of all, the symptoms are studied:

• Pain syndrome.
• Unpleasant sensations when visiting the toilet.
• Itching and burning in the perineum.
• Low-grade body temperature, rarely high.
• Unpleasant odor of fetid urine.
• Discharge of urine mixed with pus.

Also, the attending physician must carry out some diagnostic measures, while carrying out:

• Blood and urine analysis clinically.
• Specific test according to Zimnitsky.
• Taking swabs from the urinary canal to inoculate pathogenic microflora.
• Urine collection according to Nechiporenko.
• Identification of certain norms of creatinine and urea to exclude kidney pathology. After all, kidney damage is dangerous for the patient.
• Urography of excretory examination.
• For certain indications, if the doctor considers it necessary, a serological examination is carried out.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate. Otherwise, the disease may become chronic and difficult to treat. Chronic urethritis takes a very long time to be treated. If you follow all the recommendations and prescriptions of the urologist, you can achieve quick positive results. Be healthy!

Urethritis in pregnant women

Pregnant women experience a slight decrease in the immune system, which leads to the activation of various pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, a woman is more susceptible to various diseases. Urethritis in pregnant women is no exception, which can be diagnosed. Very often, inflammation of the urinary tract is accompanied by inflammation of other parts of the urinary and reproductive system.

In this age category, there is a risk of pregnancy if a woman has urethritis. It is possible that infection can penetrate to the fetus itself, or inflammation of the membranes of the fetus. But worse than the above-mentioned adverse consequences is premature birth or spontaneous miscarriage.

Urethritis in women during pregnancy is an unfavorable disease that can lead to negative consequences. As soon as a woman becomes pregnant, there is a sharp surge in hormonal levels in the body. Also, with this condition, changes in the anatomical features of the urinary and reproductive systems are diagnosed. Such phenomena can provoke various pathological processes in the form of inflammation of the urethra. There are some factors that provoke the appearance of urethritis:

• Effects of the main hormone progesterone. It reduces the tone of the ureter. Most often this concerns the right ureter.
• Glucosuria. A sharp increase in urine pH.
• Recurrent reflux of the bladder and urinary tract.
• Decreased functional activity of the sphincter in the urethral area. Often this phenomenon is diagnosed in the last months of pregnancy.
• Glucocorticoids are at high levels, as well as transient immunity deficiency.
• Urethritis during pregnancy E. coli forum may indicate that the cause may be this particular bacterium.

Urethritis in early pregnancy is dangerous not only for the woman herself, but also for the fetus itself. The process of urethritis occurs very quickly with further complications arising. To prevent this from happening, you must immediately consult a doctor.

If urethritis is not treated during pregnancy, serious complications can occur. Often inflammation of urethritis occurs together with cystitis, which leads to the following negative phenomena:

• Stopping fetal development.
• In the early stages of pregnancy, miscarriages are spontaneous.
• Abnormalities in the placenta.
• Hypotrophic syndrome in the fetus.
• Insufficiency of placental origin.
• The birth of a child with various deformities and severe defects.
• Penetration of infection into the fruit itself or its membranes.
• Preeclampsia.
• Childbirth earlier than the specified dates, that is, premature.
• Outpouring of water.
• Death of the fetus in the womb.
• Also, a pregnant woman who has urethritis may develop pyelonephritis.

To identify the causative agent of this inflammation process, you need to take a smear from the urinary canal of a pregnant woman. This is done quite simply and quickly. The woman lies down on a gynecological chair and a special applicator is used to take a sample from the urethra. The fingering should be inserted with a depth of no more than 3 centimeters. At the time of insertion of the instrument, it must be inserted rotationally into the urethra. Next, the taken material is applied to a special glass, after which it is examined in the laboratory.

If you treat urethritis during pregnancy, the patient reviews are positive and they are satisfied with the result.

To prevent the occurrence of urethritis in a future mother, you need to follow some tips:

• Keep your genitals clean.
• After sex, you need to take a shower.
• Using contraceptives during pregnancy.
• Intimate contacts with the same partner.
• Dress warmly and avoid hypothermia.
• Try not to succumb to stress factors.
• If symptoms appear, contact a gynecologist.

Urethritis during pregnancy forum can show many different recommendations. Under no circumstances should you treat yourself; this can lead to serious complications. It is necessary to consult a doctor and get treatment in time.

Acute urethritis

Acute urethritis ICD 10 code - N34. This is a special classification of diseases of international importance. Acute urethritis is a process of inflammation of the urinary tract. This pathology is observed in both males and females. The most basic and important factor that provokes inflammation is the penetration of microorganisms of pathological origin into the urinary canal. Also, according to diagnostic data, inflammation occurs for a different reason.

If acute urethritis is diagnosed, the ICD code is N34. The need for such encoding is to take into account medical documentation. Also, this designation is the same for all doctors and is used in all countries of the world. If the disease is accurately identified, this coding is added to the title page of the medical history of the patient who is being treated.

Clinical manifestations of this urethritis are very pronounced. Based on this, diagnosis is not difficult and the disease can be quickly brought under control and treated. Diagnostics shows acute urethritis, microbial 10 is needed to collect statistical data.

If treatment is not started, or drug therapy is insufficient, the disease can become chronic. A this type diseases can lead to various negative consequences. The process of inflammation of the urethra can gradually spread to other parts of the urinary system and reproductive system. This process can lead to serious consequences.

Acute urethritis is diagnosed somewhat more often in men than in women. But all other forms of inflammation of the urethra, on the contrary, are detected more often in women.

Clinical manifestations are the same in men and women. Acute urethritis in women can be detected during a routine gynecological examination. So, the symptoms of acute urethritis are:

• Unpleasant sensations - itching, burning.
• Pain syndrome in the groin and pubic area.
• Body temperature quickly rises to febrile levels.
• Every trip to the toilet is accompanied by unpleasant pain.
• Acute anterior urethritis also manifests itself with the above symptoms, but in addition there are also problems with urination. The urethral sphincter begins to function problematically, sometimes even spontaneous urination.
• Very often there is a similarity in the clinical manifestations of inflammation of the urethra and bladder. There is also discomfort when passing urine and problematic urination. In order to accurately determine the diagnosis of the pathological process, it is necessary to pay attention to the following symptoms of a secondary nature:
• Detection of blood in urine.
• A whitish discharge from the urethra, which may also acquire a yellowish color.
• Fetid odor of urine and from the urethra itself.

To begin drug treatment for this disease, it is necessary to accurately determine what the patient’s illness is. To do this, conduct a general examination of the patient, external organs, and urethra. Palpation is the most important element of diagnosis. When palpating the urethra, urine and mucus are immediately released. To confirm and confirm the patient’s diagnosis, the following must be done:

• Clinical analysis of urine and blood. This is a mandatory item.
• Urine collection according to Nechiporenko.
• Exclusion of tuberculous acute urethritis. Studying urine for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

There are also other diagnostic tests, but they are already prescribed by the doctor individually for each patient. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, serious complications can be avoided.

Chronic urethritis

Chronic urethritis is a long-lasting inflammatory process in the urethra. Clinical manifestations are expressed in representatives of the stronger sex, which is associated with the anatomical structure of the urethra. Chronicization of the process occurs 2-3 months after the onset of the disease. At the same time, there are periods of exacerbation and subsidence of the process. It is important that treatment is started on time, otherwise the patient may face serious complications, including infertility.

The causes of chronic urethritis are often:

• Late visit to the doctor, self-medication. The patient felt better, stopped taking medications, ignored the doctor's recommendations and seems to have recovered. But the process took a hidden form.
• The most common cause is unprotected sexual intercourse. This is typical for specific urethritis caused by gonococci (chronic gonorrheal urethritis), Trichomonas, mycoplasmas, herpes viruses, etc.
• Nonspecific infectious urethritis is caused by flora that is normally present in the human body, but provoking factors such as hypothermia, stress, alcohol abuse, poor nutrition, reduce the body's protective properties and cause an inflammatory process in the urethra.
• Pathogens can also enter the urethra from distant organs in which there is inflammation: from the tonsils with tonsillitis, the gallbladder with cholecystitis. When diagnosed, chronic urethritis, cystitis and prostatitis can cause inflammation.
• Non-infectious urethritis occurs due to mechanical impact on the mucous membrane of the urethra. For example, during medical procedures (catheter placement), passing kidney stones.
• Nowadays, urethritis is very often recorded against the background of allergic diseases.

Chronic urethritis, symptoms and the degree of their manifestation, oddly enough, depend on gender. Symptoms of chronic urethritis in women are often scanty, and resemble the clinic of cystitis or are not expressed at all. For men, the clinic is bright:

• Pain during urination.
• Feeling of heat, burning, splintering.
• Discharge of pus and blood from the urethra. Pus can be released for a long time, even during sexual intercourse.
• Urge to urinate.
• Hyperemia in the area of ​​the external genitalia.
• With the herpetic nature of urethritis, vesiculopapular rashes are observed in the genital area.

Mycoplasma urethritis is characterized by the appearance of a white coating in the urethral area, gluing the external opening of the urethra.

Diagnostics

At the first stage, a thorough history of the disease is collected. The doctor finds out when such symptoms first appeared and what the patient associates them with. The specialist must analyze whether there is a connection between urethritis and the patient’s sex life. Since already at this stage the patient can set the wrong vector, deceiving the doctor or not saying something. Is he registered in hospitals for chronic diseases? Do you have any allergies? What tests need to be taken and what research methods should patients undergo?:

• General analysis of urine and blood
• Bacteriological cultures of urethral discharge and urine.
• Bacteriological examination of a smear from the urethra.
• 3 glass sample
• Ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space.
• Urethroscopy according to indications.
• For men, a prostate examination is mandatory.

Treatment of chronic urethritis in men and treatment of chronic urethritis in women are basically the same, the only difference is whether there are specific complications for each gender, for example, vaginitis in women, prostatitis in men. Chronic urethritis in women, symptoms and treatment are more favorable than in men.

As soon as the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of urethritis is confirmed, antibacterial agents are prescribed taking into account their sensitivity to pathogens. If it is not possible to conduct a sensitivity test, broad-spectrum antibiotics are taken. How to treat chronic urethritis and what groups of drugs are most often prescribed?:

• Macrolides
• Tetracycline series
• Penicillins + clavulanic acid
• Cephalosporins
• Antiseptics (miramistin) locally
• For fungal infections - nystatin and its analogues
• Herpetic urethritis - acyclovir
• Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial drugs.
• Immunotherapy
• Vitamin-mineral complexes
• A proper balanced diet, including balanced foods, is also important. Excluding spicy, smoked, salty, sour, fatty, alcohol, tobacco, flour, carbonated drinks, i.e. everything that can irritate the urinary tract. And give preference to vegetables and fruits.
• Correctly observe the work and rest schedule.

With chronic urethritis in men, symptoms and treatment are closely interrelated, and one follows from the other. Chronic urethritis takes longer to treat. The use of herbs and decoctions from them is well suited as a combination therapy. After the course of treatment, it is mandatory bacteriological culture from the urethra.

We must not forget about advanced conditions that lead to complications. In women, these are vaginitis, bartholinitis. Men often develop prostatitis, cystitis, and epididymitis. Sometimes urethral strictures and abscesses in the perineal area occur, which require surgical treatment. Often people look for treatment methods on the Internet, read an article, look for a chronic urethritis forum where people share their methods, ignoring visiting a doctor, this is fundamentally wrong. With timely treatment, correctly selected therapy, and following all doctor’s recommendations, the prognosis and outcome of urethritis is favorable.

Prevention consists, first of all, in the use of personal protective equipment during sexual intercourse, especially if you do not know your sexual partner. Compliance with personal hygiene rules. Undergo a special medical examination at least once a year, even if there are no complaints. A set of all these measures will help you avoid diseases such as urethritis.

Candidal urethritis

The urinary tract becomes inflamed when an infectious agent enters. Based on this, candidal urethritis may occur. Treatment and medications should be carried out only after the doctor’s permission. Such a pathological process can occur in both men and the fair sex. The infection penetrates through the urethra, where it gradually begins to affect the canal. The breeding environment for candida in the urethra is favorable.

The causative agent of the disease is candida, which belongs to the group of yeast fungi. Every person has such a bacterium, and only after certain factors do they begin to actively multiply and infect a person. The main factor is the decrease in the level of the patient’s immune system. According to statistical data, urethritis of candidal origin is more often diagnosed in women. As for men, they get sick less often and are more often carriers of such pathogenic fungi.

Candidal urethritis in men, treatment, medications. Before starting treatment for a patient, it is necessary to identify the most important causes that caused the disease. As mentioned above, the cause of this inflammation of the urinary tract is a decrease in immunity. The human body cannot control the situation, and candida begins to actively multiply. Such fungi are transmitted through sexual intercourse.

There is also another route of transmission of pathogenic fungi that affect the urethra. Candida can be transmitted through the blood from internal organs and tissues. According to the classification, urethritis of candidal origin is primary and secondary. The difference is that with primary only the urethra is affected, and secondary is diagnosed if the lesion occurs as a complication of another ailment. Candidal urethritis photo can be examined in more detail.

In addition to the above-mentioned reasons for the appearance of candidal urethritis in any gender, there are others:

• Eating disorders.
• Stress factor and overexertion.
• Excess weight, obesity of various degrees.
• Diseases of autoimmune origin.
• Digestive dysfunction due to intestinal disorders.
• Consequences of long-term use of antibacterial drugs.
• Disruption of the endocrine glands.
• Hormonal imbalances.
• Alcohol and smoking.

If a person’s immunity is at a normal, stable level, then Candida fungi cannot cause inflammation of the urethra. But as soon as a favorable environment is observed, they begin to actively share. The incubation period is about 3 weeks from the moment of infection. But this applies to men. The female incubation period is a week. The difference between a man is that clinical manifestations are observed almost immediately.

How to treat candidal urethritis symptoms? The disease does not manifest itself in men at first. It all depends incubation period which lasts for a long time. When they accumulate and multiply in large quantities, symptoms can be observed. Candidal urethritis in men, symptoms and treatment. Clinical manifestations are:

• Stinging and burning when going to the toilet.
• Hyperemia of the glans penis or in women of the vagina.
• The presence of a whitish coating on the penis, clitoris, vagina.
• Foul odor of urine with discharge.
• Pain during sexual intercourse.
• Women have slight swelling of the labia.

Candidal urethritis in women has the same symptoms as in the opposite sex. Of all the clinical manifestations, the most unfavorable is discharge from the urethra. After all, they are purulent in nature. And this process is dangerous with complications. Inflammation processes may also occur in other parts of the human urinary system. It is urgent to carry out drug therapy. Self-medication will not lead to anything good; you should consult your doctor. At self-treatment there is a high risk of developing a terrible complication - infertility.

How to treat candidal urethritis in men, drugs? Before carrying out drug treatment, it is necessary to accurately determine the disease, that is, diagnosis. As soon as a specific pathogen is identified, antibiotics are immediately prescribed. After all, for each pathogenic fungus there is its own antifungal drug.

If candidal urethritis is detected in women, treatment is no different from the male gender. Once the pathogen is identified, special therapy is prescribed. First of all, antibiotic therapy, which is needed to stop the proliferation of fungi. An antifungal agent does a good job of fighting and removing fungi from the body. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, you can quickly get rid of the sore.

Candidal urethritis drugs that cope well with the disease:

• Fluconazole.
• Clotrimazole.
• Pimafucin.
• Ketokenazole.
• Miconazole.
• Futsis.
• Fluconazole is one of the most effective remedies for candidiasis urethritis.

This therapy is carried out in a short period of time. And some of them are accepted only once. We must always remember that you need to take medications after your doctor’s permission. Treatment is prescribed depending on the level of damage to the urethra and the severity of the disease.

Various local ointments that are used on the genitals help very well. They usually help when there is itching, pain or burning. The most effective is clotrimazole ointment. After application to the affected area, swelling, hyperemia and itching immediately decrease. For general strengthening therapy, the doctor prescribes vitamins and drugs that boost immunity.

Effective is the use of suppositories for women, which are installed in the vagina. The course of such suppositories lasts one week. According to many reviews, they help women stop the disease. Suppositories should also be used after a doctor's permission. If the symptoms do not go away, then they are prescribed repeat courses vaginal suppositories. If you experience symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Nonspecific urethritis

Urethritis of nonspecific origin is an unfavorable condition for the patient. Both women and young people suffer from this pathology. Nonspecific damage to the urinary canal occurs, the urethral mucosa becomes inflamed, resulting in clinical manifestations that bother the patient. The most typical pathogens of urethritis are gonococci, herpesvirus, chlamydia and mycoplasmosis. But if a person falls ill with a nonspecific pathology, then these pathogenic agents are not observed.

Nonspecific urethritis is classified ICD 10 - N 34.1. This code is necessary to differentiate the disease, because there are many pathologies and they need to be taken into account. This is an international classification that exists in most countries. Any urethritis can be diagnosed and subsequently treated without much difficulty. But the symptoms of nonspecific urethritis in the initial stages of development are practically absent. It is somewhat difficult to treat such an individual manifestation of the disease. Given this fact, this pathology quickly becomes chronic.

Nonspecific urethritis drugs are prescribed after the doctor’s recommendations. Drug treatment for this course of urethral inflammation is not particularly specific. The sooner a patient turns to a doctor for help, the faster and without any complications the disease can be overcome. If bacterial nonspecific urethritis is detected, symptoms in women and young people may manifest differently, depending on the level of immunity.

In order to identify the disease, it is necessary to identify the following clinical manifestations:

• Burning in the urethra itself.
• Pain at rest and during urine output.
• After visiting the toilet, there is a sharp throbbing pain in the lower abdomen.
• Hyperemia of the external genitalia, in men the head of the penis directly.
• Edema process.
• Palpation of the head of the external organ causes sharp pain and discomfort.

Also, the most unfavorable and dangerous clinical manifestation is discharge. They come in a whitish or cheesy hue. In essence, this is a purulent discharge, often mixed with blood. The smell is disgusting and unpleasant. This symptom is diagnosed in morning time days or after sex with a partner. When the discharge begins to dry out, it acquires a yellowish tint. Nonspecific urethritis in men has the same symptoms as in women.

Nonspecific urethritis symptoms in women, as in men, can develop either very quickly, within two days, or over a long period. In some cases, 4-6 weeks may pass from the moment of illness to the appearance of the first symptoms. If you carry out a differential diagnosis with ordinary acute urethritis, then there is no difference. The only thing is that clinical manifestations with nonspecific lesions are less acute.

The severity of symptoms depends on the level of the immune system. If a person’s immunity does not function sufficiently and it is reduced, then the disease develops rapidly with the ensuing symptoms.

Nonspecific urethritis in men, treatment with drugs should be prescribed after determining the cause of the pathological process. These factors for the occurrence of the disease are:

• Intimacy with a partner who was a carrier of a pathological agent. That is, sex without contraception.
• Adverse or allergic reactions to certain drugs. Also the consequences of eating certain foods.
• Failure to observe basic rules of personal hygiene.
• Poor blood circulation in the area of ​​the urination channel, most often congestion in the venous vessels.
• Introduction of an infectious agent at the time of surgical interventions on the bladder or in the urinary canal.
• When installing a urinary catheter or during various diagnostic measures in the urethral area.

An interesting fact is that about 60% of men suffering from nonspecific urethritis have problems with the prostate gland (prostatitis). Bacterial nonspecific urethritis in women most often appears as a result of promiscuity.

The most typical pathogens of this disease are:

• Mushrooms.
• Staphylococci.
• Streptococci.
• Coli of intestinal origin.

If a person's immunity is sufficient level, it is impossible to get sick with such nonspecific urethritis.

To begin treatment of nonspecific urethritis in women and men, it is necessary to carry out some diagnostic measures. Conduct an examination of the patient, describe complaints and study the life history. It also plays a special role to find out the patient’s sex life and find out more about the partner’s health. Well, the most important element of diagnosis is instrumental and laboratory examinations.

To relieve the underlying disease, you must strictly adhere to the doctor’s recommendations. Antibiotic therapy is prescribed (tetracycline, azithromycin, ceftriaxone). These antibiotics have a wide range of effects on pathogenic microorganisms. As soon as it is possible to find out about the causative agent of the disease, narrower antibiotics are prescribed that will specifically fight the pathogenic agent. For general strengthening of the body and as an auxiliary treatment, the doctor prescribes vitamin therapy and drugs that boost immunity.

A very good and effective element of treatment is local rinsing of the urethra with a solution of furatsilin.

At the time of drug treatment, the doctor also recommends following the rules. These points are:

• Diet.
• Eliminate bad habits.
• Drinking large amounts of liquid.
• Cancellation of heavy physical loads.
• Do not have sex during treatment.

If you suspect acute nonspecific urethritis, the Internet forum is not an advisor, you should urgently consult a doctor.

Trichomonas urethritis

Trichomonas urethritis in men symptoms can be treated only after the recommendations of a doctor. This pathological process is transmitted exclusively through sexual contact. The mucous membrane of the urination channel is damaged, resulting in inflammation. Typical clinical manifestations are discomfort in the external genital area, abnormal discharge and moderate pain when urinating. But the most dangerous phenomenon is that if the disease is not treated, the disease becomes chronic. If the patient starts urethritis of Trichomonas origin, then severe complications and other pelvic diseases may develop.

Trichomonas urethritis symptoms. Clinical manifestations of this disease are observed equally in men and women. The incubation period of the disease is about 10 days. But this figure is not exact, depending on the level of the immune system, the incubation period may vary. About 30% of all patients who have trichomoniasis in their bodies do not have any symptoms. Therefore, these people can infect their partner without knowing that they are carriers.

Trichomonas urethritis in women, symptoms and treatment are still somewhat different from men. A more acute disease process is observed, thus diagnosing the disease is not difficult. When the urethra is infected, the following symptoms are observed in women:

• Whiteish-yellow discharge from the urethra.
• Painful sensations in the perineal area.
• Stinging and burning at rest and during sex with a partner.
• Fetid odor from the vagina, in men from the penis.
• Sleep and appetite disturbances.

As for women, the disease may worsen when the menstrual cycle occurs.

Trichomonas vaginitis and Trichomonas urethritis are very often diagnosed in women, these two diseases at the same time. In addition to the above symptoms, additional clinical manifestations are observed with vaginitis and urethritis:

• Edema of the entire vagina and outer labia.
• The discharge is whitish, mixed with foam. When damage to any tissue by trichomoniasis is diagnosed, rapid formation of carbon dioxide is observed.
• Hyperemia of the vagina, up to the cervical canal. In severe cases, the doctor may identify condylomas.
• Trichomonas urethritis in men should be treated after full examination and identification of clinical manifestations. In men, the symptoms are relatively less severe. In some cases, a man does not even know that he is sick due to the absence of manifestations. But if a man has very pronounced symptoms, they are very painful for the man. But this process is diagnosed in only 15% of male patients.

Such signs in young people are:

• Itching, pain in the penis area at the time of urine output.
• Fetid odor from the perineum.
• Purulent discharge from the urethra.
• Sleep disturbances and loss of appetite.
• The presence of blood in the urine in advanced stages. Blood can also be observed in semen after sexual intercourse.
• In the morning, sticking of the urethral sponges is observed.

In the absence of adequate treatment, men may experience some complications (the process of inflammation of the testicles, prostate gland and testis).

Treatment of Trichomonas urethritis begins only when a complete examination of the patient has been carried out. In turn, the disease makes it difficult to identify it. Doctors indicate this because the disease occurs without any clinical manifestations.

Trichomonas urethritis how to treat? The disease can be stopped in any case and with various degrees the severity of the inflammation process with trichomoniasis. The most important element of treatment is that it is necessary to treat both the patient and his sexual partner. Otherwise, the patient will not experience a positive effect or recovery. The reason for this, as mentioned above, is that the disease is transmitted exclusively through sexual contact. An effective and common drug for relieving the disease is metronidazole. It can be used in various dosage forms. Best for women medicinal type is a gel for vaginal use. If you do not seek medical help for a long time, both women and men can develop a serious complication. The most unfavorable complication is infertility.

If a man has been ill recently, that is, at an early stage of the disease, then a single dose of metronidazole tablets will be sufficient. Ornidazole is also an alternative drug. Both remedies are effective and beneficial for the patient.

In men, trichomonas urethritis is often accompanied by chlamydia or gonorrhea. In this case, in addition to the main treatment, additional drugs are prescribed - derivatives of fluoroquinolone and doxycycline.

Trichomonas urethritis in women treatment takes a little longer. It all depends on the level of damage to the urethra and clinical manifestations.

Complications of Trichomonas urethritis are usually inherent in those patients who did not follow the doctor’s recommendations or were not treated at all. Oddly enough, negative consequences are observed in those men who drink alcohol in large quantities. Beer drinks pose a particular danger to the patient. Heavy loads also provoke negative consequences. The most typical complications are: purulent plaque, ulcers and the development of epididymitis.

To protect yourself from such a disease you need to follow just a few rules. Use protection with sexual partners if you are not sure about them. Do not have sexual contact with girls of easy virtue and drug addicts. The most basic protection for you will be a condom. If you use protective equipment, you can protect yourself one hundred percent.

Bacterial urethritis

According to some statistical indicators, urethritis is diagnosed equally in both sexes. Most often, urethritis of bacterial origin is diagnosed when a pathogenic bacterium has entered the urinary canal. Patients often complain of pain when urinating. After installing a catheter in the urethra, the urinary tract may become infected. Also, the cause of inflammation of the urethra is promiscuity. To prevent complications and adverse consequences, it is necessary to promptly consult a doctor and carry out medication treatment.

Treatment of bacterial urethritis is carried out when the causes of the disease are determined. This pathology appears as a result of the penetration of staphylococcal flora into the urethra. There are other pathogens, but they are much less commonly diagnosed. Pathogens appear in the urethra as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse.

If staphylococcus appears in the urethra from the exogenous environment, then this is considered a primary disease. When a pathogenic microorganism penetrates from other organs and tissues, secondary urethritis of bacterial origin occurs. Staphylococci are transmitted from other parts of the body through the blood and lymph. In addition to these reasons for the appearance of bacterial urethritis, there are others:

• Various urethral injuries.
• Pathological narrowing of the urethral canal.
• Chronic disease of the pelvic organs.
• Allergic reactions due to the consumption of food and medications.
• The presence of stones in the bladder, which injure the urethra or provoke congestion.
• Heavy physical loads.

Bacterial urethritis symptoms can be identified without any problems. You can build on them and find out the causes of the disease. Often the disease appears as a result of inadequate or improper intake of food. Alcohol and tobacco abuse provokes inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Bacterial urethritis in men, symptoms and treatment are the same as in women. At first, patients do not even realize that they are sick, since there are no prerequisites or symptoms of the disease. The incubation period varies greatly. In some patients, symptoms are observed 3-4 days after bacterial infection, in others – 4-5 weeks. Bacterial urethritis in women is as severe as in men. Such clinical manifestations are:

• Itching and discomfort in the groin area.
• Unpleasant discharge with a foul odor.
• Pain in the urethra during urination and during sex.
• Sleep disturbance due to frequent urge to urinate.

In men, in some ways the symptoms are more pronounced. The anatomical structure of the urethra is such that the urination channel is somewhat longer. Because of this, pain and other discomfort more often bother men. Men also experience hyperemia of the foreskin and moderate swelling. It is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner and carry out therapeutic measures. The outcome is unfavorable if urethritis of bacterial origin is not treated.

Bacterial urethritis in men treatment. The woman's drug therapy is the same. Before carrying out therapeutic measures, it is necessary to fully diagnose the disease. There are many methods for this. Various tests, smears for cultures are taken, and instrumental techniques are also carried out. The most common research device is ultrasound. Ultrasound can examine the bladder, prostate gland, kidneys and urethra. A full examination should be carried out to exclude concomitant pathological processes. The day before the ultrasound examination, you should stop taking antibiotics and having sex.

If detected bacterial urethritis, medications are prescribed by the attending physician. Drug treatment is aimed at stopping the inflammation process and destroying pathogenic flora. First of all, patients are prescribed antibacterial agents. The doctor also prescribes Miramistin, Furacillin and Collargol as auxiliary treatment. These drugs reduce swelling and discomfort in the urethra. Bacterial urethritis in women can be treated at home, but subject to doctor's instructions.

Bacterial vaginosis urethritis cystitis pyelonephritis forum is not an advisor. Only the attending physician can recommend treatment and stop urethritis, as well as accompanying inflammatory processes.

Infectious urethritis

Infectious urethritis in men occurs due to the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the urethra. When dividing forms, pathology can be either specific or non-specific. Inflammation of the urethra occurs in different ways, depending on the infectious agent that has entered the patient’s body.

Infectious urethritis in women is also observed, but the clinical manifestations are less pronounced. This is due to the anatomical features of the urethra; in women it is somewhat shorter.

Inflammation of the urethra appears due to the penetration of certain infectious microorganisms:

• Gonorrhea.
• Mycoplasma.
• Chlamydia.

Chlamydial urethritis in women is diagnosed somewhat more often than other infectious inflammations. And in men, any infectious urethritis can imperceptibly pass from the acute stage into a period of chronicity. Since the urethra is somewhat larger than in women, colonies gradually spread throughout all parts of the urethra.

Acute gonorrheal urethritis in men is treated only after all causes and clinical manifestations have been clarified. The causative agent of this process is gonococcus, which gradually affects the urethra. There are severe severe symptoms that worsen the quality of life. A typical clinical manifestation is the presence of a whitish coating on the mucous membrane. This plaque may be excreted along with urine or semen.

Chlamydial urethritis in men has been diagnosed; the symptoms are somewhat sluggish, in some cases practically absent.

All infectious urethritis are very dangerous because they can affect not only the urethra, but also other parts of the human genitourinary system. And this, in turn, can lead to serious complications (cystitis, prostatitis). With insufficient or complete absence of treatment, a person may experience generalization of the infectious process. In some cases, both men and women may experience infertility.

Treatment of chlamydial urethritis in men and women, treatment of gonorrheal urethritis, as well as other infectious inflammations of the urethra is carried out under the strict supervision of a urologist. In women, treatment can also be carried out by a gynecologist.

Regarding urethritis of a nonspecific nature, they appear as a result of damage to the body by the following pathogenic bacteria:

• Streptococcus.
• Escherichia coli.
• Staphylococcus.

A person becomes ill due to certain favorable conditions for these pathogenic microorganisms. When a person is constantly sick with infectious diseases or with significantly reduced immunity. As soon as the body weakens, these pathogenic agents begin to rapidly multiply and affect this part of the body.

The symptomatic picture of infectious urethritis is extremely diverse. Depending on the origin of the inflammation, most urethritis is observed with a large discharge of pus and mucus. Typically, such pathological discharge is accompanied by an unpleasant odor. This process can be observed both at rest and in urine and sperm. Painful sensations periodically cause painful processes, which may occur at the time of urine or semen excretion. The quality of life deteriorates, sharp pains are also diagnosed during sexual intercourse with a partner.

If drug treatment is not carried out for a long time, complications may occur that then need to be treated for a long time. Total gonorrheal urethritis in women is one example when adequate treatment is not carried out. This picture is so terrifying that it is then difficult to carry out therapeutic therapy and save the person. Also typical complications are: orchitis, pyelonephritis, and in rare cases, glomerulonephritis.

With adequate drug treatment of any infectious urethritis, complete recovery occurs.

Infectious urethritis can be treated at home if there are no complications. Before starting drug therapy, diagnostic measures are taken, anamnesis is studied, and an examination is performed. It is mandatory to take an analysis for the presence of the causative agent of the disease.

For each patient, medications are selected individually, since the pathogens can be different. In general, antibacterial drugs are prescribed, as well as drugs that increase the level of immunity. Local injection into the urethra is effective. antimicrobials and medications that fight inflammation. The quantity and frequency of taking tablets, ointments, etc. is decided solely by the doctor.

Complications of gonorrheal urethritis are very unfavorable for the body of a man or woman. You should beware of the most dangerous complication - secondary infertility. This complication appears after damage to the reproductive organs, which in turn become inflamed due to urethritis of gonorrheal origin.

If a patient is diagnosed with urethritis of candidal origin, then antifungal drugs are prescribed. After all, the causative agent of candida belongs to the family of fungi.

Consequences

Favorable consequences occur when the patient follows all the doctor’s recommendations. Constantly takes prescribed medications and visits a doctor for dynamic monitoring of the disease. Complications occur when the disease becomes chronic. Any urethritis of chronic origin is very difficult to cure; treatment must be carried out for years. The most typical complications of infectious urethritis are:

• Erection dysfunction.
• Inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs.
• Reproductive disorders – infertility.
• Narrowing and obstruction of the urinary canal.

If you have various pathological processes, you should not hesitate and quickly consult a doctor. The sooner you contact, the sooner you will be healthy.

Non-infectious urethritis

Many people believe that if inflammation of the urinary tract occurs, then the cause is an infection. Sometimes this is not the case at all. Part of the reason is completely different factors that cause urethritis and inflammation of other parts of the urinary system. This process of inflammation is diagnosed equally in men and women. Taking into account some anatomical features of organs and systems in the pelvis, pathogenic microorganisms of viral bacterial origin may then be involved in the inflammation process.

The most typical factor in the appearance of non-infectious urethritis is microtraumatic processes in the urinary tract. Damage to the mucous membrane of the urethral canal leads to a rapid process of inflammation. Further, any bacteria or infection can join this process, which can aggravate the pathological condition of the patient.

No less important is the irritation of the urinary tract with urine, which is highly acidic. Because of this, there is a structural change in the walls of the urethra, which is already a driving factor in the appearance of inflammation processes.

Non-infectious urethritis in men, symptoms, treatment is carried out only after the doctor’s permission. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate, otherwise complications and chronicity of the disease may occur. Treatment of non-infectious urethritis in men is carried out in the same way as in women.

There are some reasons that also provoke non-infectious urethritis:

• Massive influence of food and contact allergens. A typical picture is irritation due to caring for the genitals and eating certain foods.
• Injuries. Is the most common cause the appearance of urethritis of non-infectious origin. Mechanical damage to the urethra due to the use of various urinary catheters for diagnostic and treatment purposes. The use of devices - urethroscopes and other urological instruments. The use of foreign objects in the urethra also leads to trauma.
• Impact of thermal environmental factors. Burns often occur due to improper use of antimicrobial drugs. This usually happens at home, when a person does not know how to use the drug, but in a hospital setting this is very rare. Burns occur as a result of improper treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.
• Mechanical damage. Non-gonorrheal urethritis in men, that is, a non-infectious process of inflammation, appears due to the friction of stones and sand released from renal pelvis. Patients suffer from acute or renal diseases (urolithiasis, gout and other systemic pathologies).
• Processes of stagnation in the area of ​​the urinary and reproductive system. Usually there is a violation of blood circulation in the venous vessels. Based on this, inflammation processes begin to develop slowly. This pathology is typical in pregnant women, as well as in patients who are in a state of paralysis.

An important factor in the appearance of non-infectious urethritis in people is dietary disturbances. A variety of foods can cause some problems with the urinary tract. Usually products of acute origin. In addition to urethritis, these people may experience urolithiasis.

Classification of nongonorrheal urethritis is necessary for diagnostic measures of the patient. Well, in general, the non-infectious process of inflammation is divided into:

• Chemical.
• Allergic.
• Traumatic, in some sources - mechanical.
• Burns.

There is also urethritis of congestive origin, when processes of stagnation in the urethra are observed.

Non-infectious urethritis in men as a result of masturbation does not appear so often, but it has its place in the causes of the disease.

If we compare non-infectious, non-gonorrheal urethritis, the symptoms and clinical manifestations of all bacterial, infectious urethritis, they are no different. The etiology of the pathological process is determined after a complete examination of the patient. Having clarified the diagnosis and cause of the disease, you can choose treatment that will lead to a quick recovery. Non-infectious urethritis symptoms begin step by step and gradually.

Non-infectious urethritis in women, symptoms and treatment do not differ from drug therapy in men. To identify the disease, it is necessary to study the patient’s complaints and symptoms:

• A burning sensation when urinating.
• Urinary dysfunction. There is evidence of an urge to urinate, but urine does not come out. This fact is a lesion of the nerve fibers of the urethra.
• Constant feeling of pain in the urethra and external genitalia. The process is especially pronounced after visiting the toilet.
• The process of swelling and hyperemia of the urethral edge.
• Problems during sex, discomfort during erection.
• The presence of blood in urine, which is observed with long-term untreated inflammation of the urethra.

How to treat non-infectious urethritis in women? After a complete examination of the patient, all medications (antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulators) are immediately prescribed. First of all, the cause of the inflammation process is eradicated, if possible. Treatment for non-infectious urethritis in women is no different from in men. The main thing is to follow all the doctor’s recommendations and take medications.

Identification of the cause occurs within a few days from the moment the patient contacts. But therapeutic therapy begins immediately, regardless of the etiology. After all, waiting for results and not treating the patient is a big mistake.

Diagnosis of any urethritis, including non-infectious one, is not difficult for an experienced urologist. This pathology in women can be treated not only by a urologist, but also by a gynecologist. Prolonged lack of treatment leads to serious complications.

Viral urethritis

According to statistics, in most men and women, urethritis of viral origin is not diagnosed as often as other etiologies of inflammation of the urinary tract. Viral urethritis symptoms are the same as with other processes of inflammation of the duct. This disease appears most often in the male half of the population. A typical factor of inflammation is the transfer of the viral agent directly through dirty hands to the penis while visiting the toilet. Similarly, the process of appearance in women occurs through everyday contact. The virus can also be transmitted through any type of sex.

Clinical manifestations of the pathological process are somewhat pronounced and cause some problems for the patient. Symptoms bother the patient for a week from the moment of infection. Further, the disease can be stopped with drugs of viral origin. If no treatment is carried out, the disease may enter the chronic stage - the symptoms temporarily disappear. Typical causative agents of the pathological process are the herpes virus.

Viral urethritis in men symptoms and treatment can be carried out at home, after the recommendations of a doctor. But before this, the doctor carries out diagnostic measures and identifies the causes. The main factors for the appearance of pathology are:

• Promiscuous sexual activity.
• Immunity is low.
• Uncleanliness and dirt on hands.
• Infection through household or contact contact.
• Untreated diseases caused by herpes virus.

Treatment of viral urethritis in men does not last long if you consult a doctor in a timely manner. The doctor diagnoses the patient. Urine and blood tests are taken and ultrasound examination, a smear for the presence of a pathogen and other auxiliary techniques.

Viral urethritis treatment. Procedures and medications are prescribed depending on the type of pathogen. The most typical means of relieving the disease are:

• Drugs that fight the virus. The most common are Bactrim, Biseptol, Trimethoprim and sulfonamide derivatives.
• Vitamin therapy.
• Medicines that improve the immune system.

Herpevir, Cycloferon, Viferon are prescribed both in tablets and in gels. The dosage is adjusted by the doctor depending on the degree of damage.

Viral urethritis in women, symptoms and treatment in general are no different from those in men. For patients of any gender, it is necessary to adhere to a strict rest regime during the treatment phase, constantly lie down, and not drink alcohol or tobacco. It is also necessary to exclude all sexual contacts with a partner, otherwise the process of inflammation can only worsen. In general, patients during this period do not want to have sex, as clinical manifestations worsen the quality of life. Sex for such patients does not bring any pleasure, but only pain and burning in the urethra. Acute viral inflammation of the urethra can be treated quickly, following the treatment regimen.

Urethritis in men

Inflammation of the urethra in young people is a disease of urological origin. The disease has another name – urethritis. There are a huge number of reasons and factors for the appearance of such an unfavorable disease. According to the classification, urethritis is divided into two large sections. The first is inflammation of the urethra of infectious origin, and the second is non-infectious.

If an infectious etiology is observed, the pathogens most often are specific (gonococci) and nonspecific (staphylococci and coliforms of intestinal origin).

Many people wonder, is urethritis transmitted from man to woman? The disease itself is not transmitted, but pathological microorganisms can be sexually transmitted. As a result, inflammation appears in the sexual partner. If we think carefully, then the disease is transmitted indirectly. Such a pathological process as inflammation of the urethra affects those people who:

• They have indiscriminate sex with various partners.
• They suffer from urolithiasis.
• Diabetes type.
• We carried out examinations on the urethra using various instruments and catheters.

Posterior urethritis in men is a photo that indicates the localization of the inflammation process. Many urologists indicate that allergic urethritis in men is diagnosed less often than all other inflammations of the urethra.

The causes of the disease can be many factors, but to differentiate there is primary and secondary urethritis. It is worth immediately noting that primary inflammation is easier to treat with medication than secondary inflammation. Primary urethritis implies direct inflammation as a result of infection at the time of sexual intercourse. Secondary is diagnosed as a result of the consequences of another disease. Such diseases can be: cystitis, prostatitis, epididymitis and the like.

To differentiate between all processes of inflammation of the urinary tract there is some differentiation:

• Herpetic urethritis in men (herpes virus).
• Mycoplasma urethritis (mycoplasma).
• Non-gonococcal urethritis in men (the presence of an inflammatory agent other than gonococcus).
• Candidiasis (candida albicans).
• Trichomonas (Trichomonas).
• Chlamydial (chlamydia).
• There is also mixed urethritis, when several types of pathogenic microorganisms are diagnosed.

Traumatic urethritis in men after 40 years of age is diagnosed somewhat more often. This phenomenon is due to the increased incidence of detection of urolithiasis. Indeed, most often with such a pathology, stones passing through the urethra injure the mucous membrane, as a result, the process of inflammation is guaranteed.

If purulent urethritis is detected in men, the forum gives a lot of advice on how to stop the disease. But you should always remember that you should not self-medicate. This is fraught with serious consequences that can lead to infertility in a man. Purulent process may go further upward and affect the scrotum, where sperm production occurs. If symptoms are detected, you should immediately contact a urologist.

Clinical manifestations of urethral inflammation are the following:

• Painful processes in the perineal area.
• Pathological discharge.
• Disruption of the urination process.
• Presence of blood in urine.
• Hyperemia of the glans penis.
• Edema of the urethra.
• The presence of pus, blood and pathological secretions in the semen.

Some urethritis may occur without symptoms at all, while some, on the contrary, can be clearly expressed in men. In any case, if there are complaints, you must urgently contact medical institution and get treatment. After all, if a chronic process occurs, then treatment will be somewhat difficult.

In order to prescribe a medicine or ointment for urethritis in men, it is necessary to first carry out diagnostic measures. If a man has a promiscuous sex life, the doctor prescribes a specialist - a venereologist. The main diagnostic criteria are the following stages:

• General examination of the patient.
• Palpation of the external genitalia.
• Study of anamnesis.
• Identification of all symptoms and complaints.
• Clinical analysis of urine and blood. If leukocytosis is observed, then this is confirmation of the inflammation process.
• Material is taken from the urethra to identify the causative agent of the inflammatory process.

If the doctor considers it necessary or the above-mentioned diagnostic measures are not enough for him, then he carries out auxiliary measures:

• Examination of the pelvic organs with an ultrasound machine.
• Urine collection according to Nechiporenko.
• Sample of three glasses.
• Examination with a urethroscope.
• Urine PCR. The causative agent of the pathological process is being studied.

In any case, therapeutic measures begin as soon as the patient presents. At the same time, diagnostics are carried out. As soon as the pathogen is identified, narrower-spectrum drugs are prescribed that will specifically destroy the cause of the disease.

The most basic method of combating most urethritis is antibiotic therapy. First, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, and when a pathogen is identified, the treatment regimen is changed to a narrower spectrum. Monural for urethritis in men has a positive effect. In addition, the following treatment measures are carried out:

• Local antiseptics. Treatment of the penis with solutions (furacilin, chamomile infusion).
• Vitamin therapy.
• Drugs that improve the body's immunity level.
• Antibacterial agents.
• The diet is individual for each patient. In general, avoid eating a variety of spicy and fatty foods.
• Exclusion of alcohol and tobacco.
• Cancellation of any sexual relations.
• If urethritis is treated in time, reviews from men are only positive. The patients recover completely.

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Urethritis in women

Inflammation of the urethra in women is a disease in the pelvic area. In another way in medicine, pathology has its own term - urethritis. Is on this moment There are many reasons and factors for the appearance of such an unfavorable inflammation process. Based on differentiation, urethritis is divided into two main groups. The first group includes inflammation of the urethra due to various infections, and the second is of non-infectious origin.

If there is an infection in a woman’s body, the causative agents are most often specific and nonspecific pathogenic microorganisms.

Urethritis is transmitted to a woman - this term is a misnomer. The disease itself is not transmitted, but agents of infectious and bacterial origin can be transmitted through sexual contact. As a result, urethritis appears in a woman. This unpleasant process of inflammation occurs as a result of several factors. These reasons are:

• Having sex with different partners. The disease is often diagnosed in women of easy virtue (prostitutes).
• Diseases of kidney origin - urolithiasis.
• History of previous urethral examinations. Use of various urethral instruments and catheters.

The disease urethritis in women is a photo that clearly indicates the inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane. Many medical experts prove that allergic urethritis in women is rarely detected.

The main driving factors for the occurrence of the disease can be many reasons. But to identify all these etiological aspects, it is necessary to carry out diagnostic measures. Women have primary and secondary urethritis. Primary urethritis is a direct inflammation of the urinary tract that occurs as a result of sexual contact with a man. Secondary is diagnosed as a result of complications of another disease. Such diseases can be: inflammatory processes of the bladder, uterus, cervical canal and the like.

To separate all types of urethritis, there is a certain classification that is inherent in both women and men. These types are:

• Herpetic.
• Mycoplasma.
• Candida.
• Trichomonas.
• Chlamydial.

Herpetic urethritis in women after sex is diagnosed more often than all other types. The herpes virus is transmitted through sexual contact directly from a partner. In women, compared to the opposite sex, urethritis of a mixed nature is much more often detected. Several causative agents of the inflammatory process are observed in a woman’s body.

According to statistical data, urethritis in older women is also much more common than in young girls. Among all types at this age, urethritis of traumatic origin is the leader. This phenomenon is observed due to the increased incidence of detection of kidney stones. Indeed, most often with such a pathology, stones passing through the urinary canal injure the inner surface, resulting in a 100% inflammation process.

If postcoital urethritis is detected in women, the forum gives recommendations on how to relieve the disease. Let us remember that this is a type of urethritis that occurs after the first sexual contact with a man. But you should always know that you should not self-medicate. This is fraught with serious consequences that can lead to a lack of offspring in the future. If postcoital urethritis is detected in women, the reviews after the treatment provided are only positive.

Symptoms of inflammation of the urethra in women are the following:

• Pain in the area of ​​the outer labia.
• Discharge of an unpleasant odor and whitish-yellow color.
• Violation of the act of urination.
• Blood in urine.
• Redness of the vagina, lips and clitoris.
• Vaginal swelling.

Some types of inflammation of the urinary tract can occur without a clinic at all, and some, on the contrary, are clearly expressed in the fair sex. If you have complaints, you must contact a medical facility and undergo medication treatment. After all, if a chronic process occurs, then the treatment will be somewhat complicated.

In order to prescribe medications and ointments for urethritis in women, diagnostic tests must be carried out urgently. If a woman has a history of sex with different partners, the doctor prescribes a venereologist. The main elements of diagnosing a woman are:

• Examination on a gynecological chair.
• History and onset of clinical manifestations
• Recording of all complaints and symptoms.
• Clinical analysis of urine and blood.
• Sampling for the presence of the causative agent of the inflammation process.

The doctor prescribes additional methods only when the above diagnostic measures are insufficient. These methods are:

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• Taking urine according to Nechiporenko.
• Examination of the urethra with a special probe.
• Polymerase chain reaction to identify the pathogen.

Treatment begins in any case as soon as the patient arrives for an appointment with a doctor. At the same time, the patient is diagnosed. As soon as the etiology of the disease becomes known, a specific drug is prescribed to relieve the cause.

The most important point in the fight against most urethritis in women is the use of antibiotics. First, broad-spectrum drugs are prescribed, and if a pathogen is identified, a specific drug is prescribed. Monural for urethritis in women affects the fight against infection with positive side. In addition, the following manipulations are performed:

• Use of local antiseptics. Treatment of the vagina with furatsilin solution.
• Vitamins and minerals.
• Immunomodulators.
• Diet for urethritis in women is one of the important points for a quick recovery.
• There is a complete ban on alcohol and tobacco.
• Another important element of the recommendation is the exclusion of any sexual intercourse at the time of treatment.

Urethritis in children

Among children, urethritis is observed relatively less frequently than in adults. Everything is connected with the reasons for its occurrence. After all, most often in children there is an inflammatory process of the urethra due to a traumatic factor. There is also a process of inflammation of bacterial etiology and irritation of the mucous membrane due to violation of hygiene standards.

Urethritis in children photo indicates the process of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra.

Provoking factors

Urethritis in a 5-year-old child and other age groups appears due to several reasons. The main ones:

• Prolonged exposure to the cold.
• Traumatization of the urinary and reproductive system.
• Lack of hygiene or insufficient cleanliness in the child.
• An allergic reaction to a certain food product.
• Reaction of the urethral mucosa to chemicals (shampoo, soap).
• Wear tight-fitting clothing.
• Bacteria.

Urethritis in an infant boy can also be observed due to non-compliance with hygiene rules, as well as when wearing a diaper for a long time. In older children, inflammation occurs due to hypothermia. According to some sources, the fact of hypothermia is like stress for the whole body.

Urethritis in young boys and girls can occur due to mechanical stress. This phenomenon occurs after the use of catheters or due to other manipulations in the urethra. Traumatization can occur in a child if a stone from the renal-pelvis complex passes through his urethra.

Urethritis in boys photo indicates the process of traumatization by kidney stones.

Clinical manifestations

Generally symptomatic picture, both boys and girls are no different. The most common clinical manifestations in children with urethritis are:

• Itching and burning sensation in the external genital area.
• A painful process that haunts the baby.
• Low-grade fever, which can occur in severe cases of the disease.
• Feeling of discomfort when urinating.
• Hyperemia and moderate swelling of the external genitalia and the urethra itself.

In children, the feeling of itching leads to constant scratching. This process can provoke the introduction of pathogenic microflora.

Urethritis in a 5-year-old boy, that is, children of this age may experience symptoms if the disease begins to become severe. Such manifestations are:

• Frequent urge to urinate.
• Purulent discharge.
• Blood clots in the urine.
• Change in color to a cloudy shade.

Urethritis in a 3-year-old girl can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

• There is a pain process in the lower abdomen in the suprapubic region.
• Scratching and burning of the labia.
• Constantly visiting the child's toilet.
• Sleep and appetite disturbance due to deterioration in quality of life.

If the above symptoms appear, you should take your child to the doctor. Delayed treatment and treatment can lead to serious complications. This is especially true for boys, because they may experience infertility as a complication in adulthood. In girls, urinary incontinence is a common complication.

In addition to prescribing treatment, the doctor diagnoses the disease to identify the causes of the disease. The main criteria for identifying the disease are the following:

• Conducting a conversation with the child's parents. The medical history is described.
• General examination, palpation of the external genitalia, as a result of which hyperemia, swelling and various discharges can be detected. On palpation, the pain may increase sharply.
• Blood and urine tests.
• Collection of material to identify the pathogen if an infectious or bacterial etiology is suspected.
• Ultrasound diagnostics.
• When all diagnostic measures are carried out, treatment is prescribed by the doctor.

Urethritis in a 3-year-old child and in children of any age, the essence of treatment is no different from adults. Combined drug treatment is carried out. If a child is diagnosed infectious lesion urethra, then drugs are prescribed to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Treatment will directly depend on the causes of the disease.

To stop the process of inflammation and destroy bacterial, infectious, and viral flora, antibacterial agents are prescribed. Broad-spectrum antibiotics fight many pathogenic microbes. The most typical and common medications prescribed to children are:

• Cefaclor.
• Cefipime.
• Amoxicillin.
• Cefixime.
• Ceftriaxone.

The duration of antibiotic therapy is 7-10 days. The timing is set by the attending physician.

If urethritis is detected in a 2-year-old boy, the dosage of the drug is prescribed according to age. The older the child, the larger the amount of medication prescribed. Before carrying out such treatment, it is necessary to find out whether the child is allergic to the medicine.

Phytotherapy will be very useful for the child. This additional treatment method is effective. Urine excretion increases, which leads to the rapid release of pathogenic microflora.

If you follow the doctor's treatment prescriptions, the child will recover quickly. Failure to consult a doctor in a timely manner can lead to adverse consequences for the child.

Urethritis is the process of inflammation of the urethra, the thin duct through which urine is removed from the bladder. Frequently called bacterial infection Urethritis can cause different symptoms in men and women. Infectious agents (including carriers of chlamydia, gonorrhea and herpes) are transmitted through sexual contact and can cause urethritis in both men and women, although the woman may not experience any symptoms. If symptoms do occur, urethritis may be difficult to distinguish from a bladder infection; however, the treatment for both diseases is similar. Urethritis can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases; such infectious diseases most common among women.

Causes

• In women, urethritis often occurs as a result of an infection caused by bacteria that normally inhabit the anal area and have no effect. diseases. If these bacteria enter the urinary tract, urethritis may develop.
• Urethritis can occur through sexual transmission of the herpes virus or bacteria that cause chlamydia or gonorrhea.
• Long-term use of a urinary catheter increases the risk of urethritis.
• Sexual activity can damage the urethra in women and promote inflammation.
• Certain soaps, bath oils, and vaginal douches can irritate the urethra.

Symptoms

• Burning when urinating.
• Frequent urination with small amounts of urine coming out.
• Insistent need to urinate.
• Blood in urine.
• Yellowish discharge from the urethra.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Painful sexual intercourse in women.

Diagnostics

• Medical history and physical examination.
• Analysis under a microscope and culture of discharge from the urethra and urine.

General clinical examination of urethral discharge

Discharge from the urethra is examined mainly for the diagnosis of the inflammatory process in non-gonococcal urethritis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, syphilis, etc. In addition, the study allows us to differentiate a number of pathological and physiological conditions characterized by discharge from the urethra (prostatorrhea, spermatorrhea, urethrorrhea).

When examining discharge from the urethra, the quantity and composition of cellular elements depend mainly on the severity and duration of the inflammatory process. According to the European Urethritis Guidelines (2001), the diagnosis of urethritis should be confirmed by the detection of polynuclear neutrophils in the anterior urethra, since discharge in men does not always indicate pathology. Smears from the urethra and/or the first portion of urine serve as informative material for the study. Conducting two types of studies allows us to identify cases that might be missed if only one of them is used. The inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the urethra (urethritis) is expressed by the presence of at least 5 polynuclear neutrophils in the field of view under immersion magnification of the microscope. The depth of the pathological process in the urethra is evidenced by the predominance of cylindrical and parabasal epithelial cells in the imprint smears. During the initial review of drugs, the following practical conclusions can be drawn.

• Leukocytes (neutrophils and lymphocytes) predominate - acute urethritis or exacerbation of chronic urethritis; with a high content of eosinophils (over 5-10%) - allergic urethritis.
• Epithelial cells predominate with a small number of leukocytes - chronic urethritis with epithelial metaplasia (desquamative urethritis) or urethral leukoplakia.
• A significant number of red blood cells along with leukocytes and epithelial cells - traumatic urethritis, urethral tumor, crystalluria, ulceration of the mucous membrane, etc.
• There are no leukocytes or only a few in the field of view at high magnification of the microscope - prostatorrhea (lipid grains are present); spermatorrhea (many sperm); urethrorrhea (mucus without formed elements predominates - the secretion of the urethral glands).
• With a small content of polynuclear neutrophils, massive accumulations of small pleomorphic rods on epithelial cells (key cells) - urethritis caused by Corynebacterium vaginale.
• Key cells are present, a large number of various bacteria are present, polynuclear neutrophils are single, there is no phagocytic reaction - bacterorrhea.

With a more detailed examination of smears, the criteria for diagnosing urethritis according to the European Guidelines for Urethritis (2001) are as follows.

• A Gram-stained smear from the urethra containing at least 5 polynuclear neutrophils per field of view at high magnification (x1000) of the microscope (the average of 5 or more fields with the highest concentration of polynuclear neutrophils), and/or:
• detection of at least 10 polynuclear neutrophils per field of view at high magnification (x1000) of the microscope (the average of 5 or more fields with the highest concentration of polynuclear neutrophils) in a Gram-stained preparation from a sample of the first portion of urine.

The sensitivity of the above tests depends on how long the patient has not urinated before taking the material for testing. A period of 4 hours is usually recommended.

When identifying an inflammatory process in the urethra, it is necessary to establish its etiology. Urethritis can be either gonococcal (if Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected) or non-gonococcal (gonococci are not detected). A significant portion of non-gonococcal urethritis is caused by chlamydia. Cases in which neither chlamydia nor gonococci can be detected are classified as non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis (nonspecific urethritis).

To test for gonococci, discharge from the urethra, prostate gland, urine in men and discharge from the vagina, cervix, paraurethral ducts, and rectal lavage in women are simultaneously taken. For diagnosis, a bacterioscopic method is used (Gram staining of a smear), which for acute gonorrhea in men has high sensitivity and specificity (95 and 98%, respectively). In chronic and treated cases of the disease in men, a positive result is observed only in 8-20% of cases. In men, in acute cases the urethra is affected, in chronic cases - the prostate gland, seminal vesicles; in women, the Bartholin glands, vagina and urethra are primarily affected, later - the mucous membrane of the cervix, fallopian tubes, rectum, in girls - the vagina, urethra, rectum, conjunctiva of the eyes. One-time negative result not proven, so repeated studies are necessary.

When examining smears from patients with gonorrhea, a bacterioscopic picture of three types is mainly observed:

• leukocytes cover the entire field of view, gonococci are often located intracellularly, some of them are localized extracellularly; other microorganisms are absent;
• the cellular picture is the same, but gonococci and foreign microflora are absent (this picture is typical for chronic gonorrhea);
• a small number of degenerated leukocytes and abundant foreign microflora, the appearance of which indicates an improvement in the course of the process (with treatment).

Trichomoniasis is widespread among women aged 2-40 years, it is less common in men and extremely rare in children. The causative agent of the disease is Trichomonas vaginalis. The disease in women is characterized by liquid, foamy or purulent discharge, irritation of the vaginal mucosa. In most men, the disease proceeds unnoticed; in some cases, the so-called “morning discharge” (discharge of a drop of pus from the urethra) is noted, and only in a small proportion the infection takes an acute form with symptoms of urethritis and prostatitis. In women, Trichomonas are found mainly in the vulva and vagina, less often in the urethra and cervix. In men, the urethra, prostate, and seminal vesicles are affected.

Chlamydia. Chlamydia is rarely diagnosed using bacterioscopic methods; serological methods or PCR are predominantly used.

Candidiasis. Candida is the most common causative agent of sexually transmitted mycotic urethritis. Much less often, candidal urethritis develops as a consequence of dysbiosis after treatment with antibiotics. Smears from the urethra reveal mycelium and spores, which confirms the diagnosis.

Treatment

• Antibiotics are prescribed to fight bacterial infections; they must be taken for the entire prescribed period; stopping treatment too early may result in a more serious and more difficult to treat infection. With sexually transmitted diseases, only one partner may have symptoms, but the other partner may also be infected.
• Therefore, both partners must undergo treatment to prevent a never-ending cycle of infection.
• Analgesics can be used to reduce pain.
• Cranberry juice may increase the acidity of urine and make some medications more effective for urinary tract infections.
• Contact your doctor if you or your partner experience painful, frequent urination, or if you notice abnormal discharge from the vagina or penis.

Prevention

• Using condoms during sexual intercourse helps reduce the risk of infection.
• Good hygiene is recommended, especially before sexual intercourse. Unscented soap should be used. Showers are less likely to promote urethritis than baths.
• To flush bacteria from the vagina, women should drink some water before sexual intercourse and urinate 15 minutes after; If necessary, they should use a water-soluble lubricant (not Vaseline) to reduce the risk of bruising during sexual intercourse.
• After using the bathroom, women should dry themselves from front to back to avoid introducing fecal bacteria into the urethra.
• Women should not use vaginal lavage unless recommended by a doctor.
• People who suffer from recurring urethritis should drink at least eight glasses of fluid per day and should avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can irritate the bladder.

Urethritis in men is a very common disease caused by the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the urethra, settling there and multiplying. The cause of this disease can be urolithiasis, unprotected sex, or simply a decrease in immunity caused by lack of sleep. So, absolutely everyone who now boasts good immunity is at risk?

Click the button to proceed to treatment

Treatment of urethritis should always begin with an accurate and unambiguous diagnosis, for which it is best to consult a doctor. Today there are a huge number of drugs, the use of which will relieve you of this disease, but it is worth remembering about allergies and personal intolerance to the components of the drug. Traditional medicine also has several trump cards up its sleeve, which we will discuss in the corresponding section of the article.

How to recognize the disease?

The duration of the incubation period, during which the symptoms of urethritis in men are not yet visualized, can range from several hours to three weeks. It all depends on the causative agent of the inflammatory process.

The most pronounced symptoms of the inflammatory process of the urethra include:

• feeling of discomfort during urination;
• itching and pain - as the disease progresses;
• cloudy urine color;
• frequent, sometimes false, urge to go to the toilet;
• various types of urinary discharge;
• feeling of discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• increased sensitivity and redness of the head of the penis.

As a rule, there is no deterioration in the general condition of the body. Against the background of discharge, which is characterized by an unpleasant odor. Crusts may form on the head of the penis. A harbinger of the development of the disease may be nagging pain in the lower abdomen, but in the future they do not accompany the inflammatory process.
The development of pathology into a chronic form significantly distorts the etiology of urethritis. Acute signs of urethritis in men subside, leaving only a feeling of discomfort and itching in the urethra. Only during the period of exacerbation do they make themselves felt to a more intense degree.

Causes of urethritis in men

• sexually transmitted infections are the most common cause of urethritis in men who are sexually active. If sexual intercourse is performed without the use of barrier contraception, then the likelihood of pathogen penetration into the urethra is very high;
• urolithiasis - found much more often in men than in women. This disease causes traumatic urethritis, due to the fact that stones, moving along the genitourinary tract, actively injure the mucous membrane and lead to the attachment of pathogenic microorganisms;
• any injury to the penis and heavy physical activity can cause the development of urethritis;
• hypothermia is one of the most important provocateurs of exacerbations of chronic diseases (including extrapulmonary tuberculosis, viruses, infections), since in this case the protective functions of the body are significantly reduced;
• a general decrease in immunity - smoking, alcohol abuse, overwork, lack of sleep, poor nutrition leads to a natural depletion of the body's defenses;
• medical manipulations (bladder catheterization, smear) - carry the risk of injury to the mucous membrane of the urethra, and urethritis can develop if the necessary disinfection measures are not followed;

• nutrition - an abundance of sour, spicy, salty foods leads to irritation of the mucous membranes, which contributes to the addition of infection. Lack of fluid causes rare urination; therefore, natural rinsing of the genitourinary tract does not occur. harmful microorganisms which may accidentally enter the urethra.

Thus, the following causes of urethritis in men are distinguished:

1. Damage to the human urethra by pathogenic bacteria that penetrate the cavity of the urethra. Most often, this condition results from prolonged use of a urinary catheter. This type of urethritis is called bacterial.
2. Damage to the urethra by chlamydia infection and other sexually transmitted diseases usually leads to chronic urethritis.
3. The gonorrheal form of urethritis occurs when it is affected by gonococcus. There is a very high risk of contracting this infection through unprotected sexual contact with a carrier of the disease. Less commonly, you can catch gonococcus through household items that need to be used individually (underwear, towels, washcloths, etc.).
4. Infection of the urethra with fungi (candidiasis) leads to a long-term inflammatory process. These fungi themselves are not so dangerous, but their complications can cause a lot of problems for a person. This form of urethritis in men is called candidiasis.

Candidiasis can be caused by taking antibiotics, decreased immunity, drinking alcohol, poor diet, or direct infection of a person from a carrier of the fungus.

In addition, the following factors and diseases are identified in which a man’s risk of developing urethritis increases significantly:

1. The influence of various sexually transmitted infections. In this condition, the disease easily penetrates the human urethra and causes it severe inflammation. There are also often cases of transition of urethritis, together with a sexually transmitted infection, into a chronic course. Those men who frequently change sexual partners and practice unprotected intimate relations are most at risk of contracting such infections.
2. An acute form of urolithiasis, which more often affects men than women. In this condition, a person develops an acute traumatic form of urethritis, because the stones and “sand” that come out irritate and literally scratch the urethra.
3. Previous injuries to the penis can cause acute urethritis, which will be accompanied by bloody discharge when urinating.
4. Severe hypothermia of the body can lead to acute and chronic inflammation of the urethra. Also, it is hypothermia that very often causes an exacerbation of existing sluggish chronic pathologies.
5. An improper diet (especially frequent consumption of salty, sweet, spicy and sour foods) irritates the mucous membranes, making them more susceptible to infections. In addition, smoking and alcohol abuse lower the body's defenses, which makes a man even more vulnerable to urethritis.
6. Insufficient intimate hygiene leads to the spread of pathogenic microorganisms in the genitals and a severe inflammatory process.
7. Drinking insufficient amounts of fluid provokes infrequent urination, which is why the urethra cannot independently flush out all the pathogens that enter it.

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Pathogens that cause infectious urethritis

Depending on the type of microorganisms that penetrate the urethra and cause the inflammatory process, urethritis is divided into specific and nonspecific.

Nonspecific urethritis is a classic purulent inflammation. Its symptoms do not depend on the type of microorganisms that cause it.

Microorganisms that cause nonspecific infectious urethritis:

• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• coli;
• less often - others

A specific infectious process in the urethra, usually caused by microorganisms that cause sexually transmitted infections.

Types of specific infectious urethritis:

• gonorrheal;
• trichomonas;
• candida;
• mycoplasma;
• chlamydia.

Viral infectious urethritis usually caused by herpes viruses.

Ways of infection with infectious urethritis

Infection with urethritis can occur sexually or hematogenously.

Sexual tract occurs during sexual contact with a sick person. This is how infection with specific infections most often occurs.

Hematogenous and lymphogenous routes are realized when the infection spreads through the blood or lymph flow from other foci of chronic inflammation in the body. For example, from inflamed tonsils or carious teeth.

Factors that contribute to the development of urethritis:

decrease in the body's defenses as a result of serious illnesses, starvation and malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies and other reasons;

insufficient adherence to personal hygiene rules;

• the presence of foci of chronic inflammation in the body;
• other concomitant diseases of the genitourinary system;
• hypothermia;
• genital injuries;
• alcohol abuse;
• frequent stress, poor diet, hypovitaminosis, etc.

Anatomical features and structure of the male urethra

The outlet of the bladder is the beginning of the urinary canal, which in medical and scientific circles is commonly called the urethra. This is a small-diameter reproductive tube, which has a length of 16 to 24 centimeters. It is worth noting that the female urethra is only 4 centimeters long. Exactly like this comparative characteristics and are the main reason for differences in the manifestations of urethritis in representatives of different sexes, respectively, if in women urethritis can occur without visible pathological symptoms, then in men the disease has very intense symptoms and can manifest itself soon after direct infection and the development of the inflammatory process.

The male urinary canal consists of the following sections:

Classification of urethritis

The clinical picture and methods of therapy depend on the type of infectious agent that caused the inflammation, the stage of neglect and intensity of the disease, the presence of concomitant diseases and provoking factors. That is why the prescription of effective and adequate treatment depends on the nature of the pathology.

Classification of urethritis according to etiological indicators
Non-infectious urethritis	Infectious urethritis
Non-infectious diseases include: congestive urethritis - may appear due to venous stagnation in the pelvis; traumatic urethritis - appears against the background of ruptures and tears of the urethra, as well as after surgical interventions (catheterization, cystoscopy); allergic urethritis - develops due to exposure to allergens.	Each type of infectious urethritis has its own specific type of pathogen, and only with mixed urethritis can inflammation occur against the background of the action of two or more pathogenic organisms: tuberculosis; mixed; gardnerella; chlamydial; ureaplasmic; mycotic; bacterial; trichomonas; viral; mycoplasma; Trichomonas.
Classification according to severity of symptoms	Classification according to the characteristics of the disease
Chronic urethritis is divided into periods without exacerbations and the acute stage: low-active urethritis; moderate degree of disease activity (urethritis); high degree of inflammation of the urinary canal.	Fresh urethritis is divided into: torpid; subacute; spicy.
Classification by disease specificity	Classification according to the characteristics of the onset of the disease
specific – these are sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea) and tuberculosis; nonspecific - the causative agent of the infection is microorganisms that are constantly present in the body, but are suppressed by a healthy immune system.	primary – the disease occurs as an isolated pathology; secondary – develops due to the presence of other diseases in the body.

In most cases, the causative agents of urethritis are chlamydia and gonococci, while in approximately 50% of cases these infectious agents cannot be detected when examining the material.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the cause, urethritis in men is divided into infectious and non-infectious, and infectious, in turn, into gonococcal and non-gonococcal.

Non-gonococcal urethritis is divided into types depending on the pathogen:

• bacterial (caused by opportunistic microflora);
• chlamydial;
• trichomonas;
• mycotic (candidal, fungal);
• viral;
• tuberculosis;
• ureaplasma;
• mycoplasma;
• gardnerella;
• mixed.

Non-infectious urethritis in men is of the following types:

• allergic;
• traumatic;
• stagnant (congestive).

According to the duration of the disease, fresh (acute, subacute and torpid) and chronic urethritis are distinguished.

Depending on the location of the pathological process:

• anterior urethritis – in the anterior section of the urethra, i.e. located closer to the outlet on the head of the penis;
• posterior – in the posterior part of the urethra, i.e. it is localized closer to the bladder.

Stages of the disease

Fresh (acute) urethritis occurs in three stages:

1. The incubation period is the time from the moment of infection to the onset of the disease, lasting from 1-2 days to 2 weeks.
2. Period of severe symptoms.
3. The period of convalescence is a complete recovery under favorable conditions (treatment) or chronicization of the process, i.e., the transition of the disease to a chronic form in an unfavorable variant.

In the clinical picture of chronic urethritis, three alternating periods are also distinguished:

1. Exacerbation (symptoms are pronounced).
2. Remission (asymptomatic, but the inflammatory process is not resolved, it continues in an indirect form).
3. Unstable remission (scanty clinical manifestations).

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Symptoms of urethritis

After direct infection of the body, symptoms of urethritis appear after some time, and the time period from the moment of infection to the first signs of pathology directly depends on the incubation period of the pathogen. For allergic urethritis it is several hours, for tuberculosis - several years, for viral - several months, for candidiasis and trichomoniasis - two to three weeks, for chlamydial - 7-14 days, for gonorrheal - 3-7 days.

Most typical symptoms male urethritis are:

• the presence of characteristic discharge that appears from the urethra;
• burning, itching and pain when urinating.

Other symptoms characteristic of STDs, such as general weakness and hyperemia, are not observed with urethritis. However, the nature of the discharge can be different and depends on the type of pathogen that caused urethritis. In most cases, green or white discharge appears with an unpleasant odor, which may cause yellow crusts to form on the penis. The discharge is most noticeable in the morning.

In addition, along with the discharge, redness and sticking of the external opening of the urethra may be present. Pain in the lower abdomen can occur regardless of the type of urethritis, but even they are not constant symptom pathology.

The process of urination is also disrupted, which in the initial stage is often accompanied by cloudy urine and pain, and at the same time the number of daily urges to urinate increases. The end of this process may be accompanied by sharp pain and sometimes with blood.

Complaints made by the patient

Symptoms of urethritis do not appear immediately after infection. First, there is an incubation period, the duration of which can range from several minutes to two months in the case of nonspecific urethritis. Specific infections have clearer timing.

In almost 50% of cases, acute urethritis is asymptomatic. The patient does not make any complaints. Most often, this picture occurs in women. An infection with an asymptomatic disease is quite capable of being transmitted sexually and leading to complications characteristic of urethritis.

Urethritis in men is characterized by a shorter incubation period, a more rapid onset and more severe symptoms.

In general, the differences between the symptoms of acute specific and nonspecific urethritis are not very pronounced.

General signs of acute urethritis:

• itching and other unpleasant sensations during urination;
• pain in the pubic area - periodic, aching;
• in men – disturbance of urination, difficulty in the outflow of urine, up to acute retention;
• purulent discharge from the urethra;
• blood in the urine - hematuria;
• the external opening of the urethra in the morning seems to be glued together.

With such complaints, as a rule, the patient visits a urologist. But most often they are not all present at the same time. Some of them are very pronounced, while others are completely absent. The course of acute urethritis can vary greatly.

Despite the fact that acute urethritis is an inflammatory disease, it is not accompanied by a violation of the patient’s general condition. Body temperature almost never rises.

As the disease becomes chronic, the symptoms subside or disappear completely. In the future, they may occur periodically, that is, the disease constantly goes through stages exacerbation And remission(temporary well-being).

If the disease has become chronic, then the symptoms of the disease may disappear altogether, there will be no discharge, and the patient may only be bothered by mild itching and discomfort in the urethral area. More pronounced symptoms are observed only during periods of exacerbation of the disease.

Purulent discharge

With bacterial urethritis, purulent discharge is observed, with trichomoniasis - whitish, with gonorrheal urethritis - gray-yellow or greenish. Also, the discharge may be insignificant or completely absent, but the man will be bothered by blood in the semen or urine, burning and itching during urination, swelling of the penis, and pain during sexual intercourse.

The table shows the most characteristic symptoms of urethritis for its different types.

Non-infectious urethritis
Traumatic urethritis	Symptoms depend on the nature of the injury - burning and pain when urinating.
Allergic urethritis	Also pain and burning, however, a feature is the presence of allergic edema.
Congestive urethritis	Classic symptoms are often completely absent. It manifests itself in different types of sexual dysfunction.
Infectious urethritis
Tuberculous urethritis	In most cases, it occurs against the background of renal tuberculosis or genital tuberculosis. Mycotic tuberculosis bacteria penetrate into the urethra through urine flow. It is asymptomatic (sweating, increased fatigue, low-grade fever).
Gardnerella urethritis	The incubation period ranges from one week to several months. In most cases, it is present as a component of mixed urethritis.
Chlamydial urethritis	There are no stings or burning sensations, slight discharge. In most cases it occurs chronically.
Ureaplasma urethritis	Most often accompanied by trichomoniasis or gonorrheal urethritis. The incubation period is about 1 month. There is green or white discharge, burning and itching when urinating. Symptoms worsen due to sexual intercourse or alcohol intake.
Mycotic urethritis	The incubation period is about 20 days, there is burning and itching. The discharge is watery or mucous, sometimes pale pink in color.
Bacterial urethritis	Purulent discharge. The symptoms are erased. The incubation period can last several months.
Trichomonas urethritis	It is characterized by constant itching in the area of ​​the head of the penis, also characterized by the presence of grayish-white discharge and difficulty urinating.
Viral urethritis	The course of the pathology is sluggish, the symptoms are mild. May be accompanied by conjunctivitis or joint inflammation
Mycoplasma urethritis	Quite rarely occurs in isolation. In most cases it is combined with gonorrheal or trichomonas urethritis.
Gonorrheal urethritis	Gray-yellow discharge from the urethra, sharp pain at the time of urination. The pus contained in the urine gives it a cloudy color. Blood impurities appear in semen and urine.

Methods for diagnosing the disease

A smear from the urethra in men is an effective diagnosis of the disease

At the first signs of urethritis, it is important to consult a urologist. In some cases, when the disease was contributed sexually transmitted infection, a consultation with a dermatovenerologist is scheduled.

To determine the diagnosis, especially if the disease is asymptomatic, sometimes a medical examination is not enough. The main research methods include urine analysis, which is considered the simplest. If it is observed in the urine increased level leukocytes, this indicates an inflammatory process. Usually the test is taken in the morning. To do this, take the first portion of liquid. To screen for bacterial urethritis, a blood test is required.

TO additional methods studies of urethritis of bacterial origin include:

• Three-glass sample
• Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko
• Urethroscopy
• Urine culture
• Polymerase chain reaction of secretions (PCR)

If there is an increased level of leukocyte cells in the blood and urine, and protein is observed in the urine (proteinuria), this may indicate bacterial urethritis.

A mandatory method is a smear from the urethra; it can be bacteriological or microscopic.

To prepare for such a diagnosis, you should avoid sexual intercourse and the use of any antibiotics the day before the procedure. In addition, you should not urinate for about two hours before the smear. Ultrasound examination of the bladder, kidneys, prostate and ureters may also be prescribed.

Stages of treatment

Treatment of urethritis in men should be carried out as early as possible, since this disease does not go away on its own. Even non-infectious urethritis easily turns into a nonspecific form (when opportunistic bacteria are activated).

In the absence of proper therapy, urethritis becomes chronic and unpleasant complications are guaranteed in the future. You should not rely on the knowledge of traditional medicine. A urologist knows how to treat urethritis, whose consultation in case of illness will be indispensable.

Therapy includes several stages.

The first stage is making a diagnosis

The doctor palpates and examines the penis, scrotum, and prostate gland. After this, the man must undergo the following tests:

1. blood test for STIs;
2. urine test (general);
3. smear (taken from the urethra to identify the pathogen).

The second stage is drug therapy

Drugs for the treatment of urethritis are prescribed by the doctor individually, taking into account sensitivity, as well as depending on the type of pathogen.

• Antibiotics for bacterial urethritis are a mandatory component of therapy. Commonly used: metronidazole, lincomycin hydrochloride, azithromycin, gentamicin, doxycycline hydrochloride. When treatment is carried out, antibiotics are prescribed, if possible, with a minimum number of doses per day (one or two), and a course of up to 10 days. The man is being treated at home, under the supervision of a specialist.
• To avoid dysbacteriosis, it is simultaneously recommended to take medications that restore intestinal microflora: bifidumbacterin, linex.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Antihistamines (tavegil, suprastin).
• Immunostimulants and vitamin complexes (duovit, Gepon, Thymalin, Ribomunil).

You cannot select medications for urethritis on your own, without a preliminary examination and accurate diagnosis!

In some cases, physiotherapeutic procedures and injections are indicated liquid antiseptics into the urethra. The doctor individually tells each patient about the necessary adjustments in the diet.

The third stage - re-examination

After completion of treatment, to ensure its effectiveness, the patient is tested again. With timely treatment, the likelihood of complications is minimized.
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Treatment of urethritis in men (not children)

The choice of treatment for urethritis, like any other disease, is made based on diagnostic data. First of all, laboratory test results are used. A general blood and urine test, urethroscopy data, examination of urethral smears, and bacteriological urine culture are taken into account.

• Treatment procedures can be carried out on an outpatient basis; during treatment it is important to be systematic and accurate in following medical instructions; hospitalization is not necessary.
• If the reception antimicrobials is interrupted, carried out irregularly, or the patient drinks alcohol during therapy, the disease threatens to become chronic.

It is quite obvious that the selection of drugs for the medicinal treatment of male urethritis is carried out by a doctor, and the patient must comply with necessary rules: drink plenty of fluids, do not consume pickled, smoked foods, spices, herbs, avoid alcohol, observe personal hygiene rules, exclude sexual activity.

• The selection of medications is carried out purely individually. Any infectious urethritis is treated with antibiotics.
• The most pronounced effect is achieved when using an antibacterial drug selected on the basis of a sensitivity test.
• It is thanks to this research that the most effective treatment can be selected.

Treatment of bacterial, gonorrheal urethritis

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group demonstrate excellent results in the treatment of gonorrheal urethritis. In addition to them, kanamycins, oletethrins, erythromycins, and tetracyclines can be prescribed. In this case, kanamycins must be used with extreme caution, since these drugs are highly toxic. Long-acting drugs - bicillin-5 and bicillin-3 - should be prescribed in short courses.

In some cases, if gonorrheal urethritis is complicated by other infections, simultaneous use of several antibacterial drugs is practiced. In such cases, it is best to use the complex “Gentamicin” and “Azithromycin” (“Ecomed”, “Hemomycin”, “Azitrox”, “Azicide”, “Z-factor”, “Sumamed”).

In order to prevent the occurrence of candidiasis due to prolonged antibiotic therapy, Levorin, Fluconazole, Nystatin, Pimafucin and other antimycotic drugs are prescribed. The most important aspect of treatment is the individual selection of drugs.

Quite often, men who suffer from gonorrheal urethritis ask friends to “prick” and use antibiotics uncontrollably and without consulting a doctor.

• Such self-medication is unacceptable, since long-term use of strong anti-inflammatory drugs without a clear treatment plan and control of cure can lead to the transition of urethritis to a chronic form and the development of resistance of the pathogen to drugs.
• In addition to antibiotics, the patient should take immunostimulating drugs and vitamins.
• To be completely sure that the body has freed itself from gonococcus and is completely cured, it is necessary to take control smears three times.
• Only after receiving negative test results can the patient be considered completely healthy.

Gardnerella, ureaplasma and mycoplasma urethritis

These types of urethritis are treated with the antibiotics lincosamines, fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines. The tetracycline group, specifically doxycycline, is considered the most effective. A group of macrolides (clarithromycin) also gives excellent results. Immunostimulants are also prescribed.

For any specific urethritis, it is necessary to carry out simultaneous therapy for both sexual partners.

Trichomonas urethritis

• If a man is diagnosed with Trichomonas urethritis, when selecting medications, they turn to Metrogil, Trichopolum and Metronidazole.
• If urethritis is chronic, antibiotic therapy is added to treatment.
• In case of inadequate treatment, infertility may develop.

Candidal urethritis

Treatment of candidal urethritis in men requires a completely different approach. The main drugs to combat this pathology are antimycotic drugs, such as Pimafucin, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Fluconazole.

High-quality treatment of the underlying disease, which is the cause of candidal urethritis, is important.

Chlamydia urethritis

The only antibiotic that actively fights the causative agent of this infection is azithromycin.

• If you choose the wrong drug for chalmydia urethritis, serious complications can occur - inflammatory diseases, epididymitis, Reiter's syndrome, infertility.
• If the patient has an individual intolerance to azithromycin, the following alternatives are used: doxycycline, levofloxacin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin.
• Immunostimulating drugs and vitamins should also be used in combination.

Viral urethritis

Treatment is carried out using antiviral drugs. The sooner treatment is started, the faster the recovery will occur. Among antiviral drugs, preference is given to: “Gerpevir”, “Famciclovir”, “Riboverine”, “Acyclovir”.

It is not advisable to use antibiotics for this form of pathology, since they are not able to fight viruses.

Nonspecific chronic

Treatment of nonspecific chronic male urethritis is not as fast as for infectious ones. The chronic course of the disease is often aggravated by concomitant pathologies, and the signs of the disease are mild or may be completely absent.

• Therefore, therapy for chronic urethritis should begin with taking immunostimulants.
• Only this approach makes it possible to activate the body’s defenses to fight infection.
• After receiving the result, antibiotic therapy is selected individually.
• The main feature of the treatment of nonspecific forms of urethritis is the absence of the need to treat the sexual partner.

Non-infectious

For allergic urethritis, it is necessary to use antihistamines. If urethritis is caused by stagnation of blood in the pelvic area (congestive), it is necessary to eliminate the cause of this stagnation. For traumatic urethritis, in addition to antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention may also be required.

Antibiotics may be prescribed for:

• installation of the drug through catheter administration into the urethra;
• intravenous infusions in 0.2% of cases of acute urethritis;
• intramuscular injections in 18%;
• oral intake in 81%;
• use of only one antibiotic - monotherapy 41%;
• two – 41%;
• three – 13%;
• four antibiotics – 5% of cases.

The most popular antibiotics for acute male urethritis, which are prescribed by a doctor depending on the type of pathogen

Trichomonas urethritis in combination with atypical agents		Gonococcal urethritis				Mixed urethritis
"Ornidazole"	6%	"Doxycycline"			3%	"Josamycin"	6%
"Josamycin"	6%	"Ciprofloxacin"			4%	"Ceftriaxone"	8%
"Azithromycin"	9%	"Metronidazole"			10%	"Ornidazole"	14%
"Doxycycline"	21%	"Azithromycin"			15%	"Secnidazole"	15%
"Metronidazole"	36%	"Ceftriaxone"			61%	"Fluconazole"	24%
						"Doxycycline"	25%
						"Azithromycin"	29%
Non-gonococcal urethritis, which is caused by atypical agents				Urethritis of unknown etiology
"Clarithromycin"			3%	"Clarithromycin"			3%
"Secnidazole"			3%	"Ciprofloxacin"			3%
"Josamycin"			5%	"Tinidazole"			3%
"Metronidazole"			6%	"Nimorazole"			3%
"Doxycycline"			12%	"Josamycin"			4%
"Ofloxacin"			12%	"Secnidazole"			4%
"Fluconazole"			24%	"Fluconazole"			9%
"Azithromycin"			35%	"Ceftriaxone"			10%
				"Doxycycline"			18%
				"Metronidazole"			18%
				"Azithromycin"			24%

Traditional treatment of the disease

Correct and effective treatment bacterial urethritis can only be prescribed by a doctor

Treatment of bacterial urethritis is aimed at destroying pathogenic microflora. After diagnostics, which determines the presence certain type bacteria, the specialist selects antibacterial drugs. In this case, complex therapy is necessary.

Antiseptics are most often prescribed - preparations for external use. These are the following medications:

• Protargol
• Dioxidine
• Miramistin
• Collargol
• Furacillin

Products based on silver nitrate help a lot. These drugs relieve itching and reduce pain. They are used to rinse the urethra, the so-called instillations. Herbal preparations – Fitozolin and Canephron – have a good effect.

In addition, ointments are used during treatment to help regenerate the tissues of the urethra.

Oral antibiotics are also effective in treating urethritis. Depending on the specific causative agent of the disease, a specialist may prescribe the following groups of such drugs:

• Macrolide series of antibiotics: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin.
• Cephalosporins: Cefritriaxone, Cefazolin.
• Tetracycline group: Doxycycline, Tetracycline.
• Fluoroquinolones: Pefloxacin, Levofloxacin, Abactal, Ofloxacin.
• Sulfonamides can also be used.

It is better to give preference to broad-spectrum antibiotics for this disease. Usually these are drugs for internal use or drugs in the form of injections:

• For illness caused by Trichomonas, Trichopolum, Metrogyl, Metronidazole, Trichomonacid, Tinidazole are suitable.
• If urethritis is caused by gonorrhea, then it is better to use cephalosporin, macrolide or fluoroquinolone drugs. These are antibiotics such as Azithromycin, Gentamicin, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Azitrox, Summed, Erythromycin, Oleandromycin, Spiramycin, Cefaclor, Rifampicin.
• Macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones are more effective against chlamydia. Azithromycin is the most popular treatment for urethritis caused by chlamydia.
• If the disease is not advanced, then you can try using Monural, which helps eliminate the inflammatory process within 24 hours.

Course of antibiotic therapy

The course of antibiotic therapy is up to ten days. It is important to remember that when using antibiotics, you should use probiotics, which help restore the intestinal microflora. These are drugs such as Linex, Laktovit, Bifidumbacterin.

Additional methods of treating the disease::

• To relieve swelling of the genital organ and itching, antihistamines, such as Suprastin or Tavegil, are used.
• The use of immunostimulants and vitamin-mineral complexes is also recommended. These include Timalin, Duovit, Ribomunil, Gepon. Such remedies help increase defenses and restore the urethral mucosa.
• To treat bacterial urethritis, the following physiotherapeutic procedures may be prescribed: magnetic therapy, electrophoresis or UHF.

However, these methods are not carried out in acute cases of the disease. To speed up recovery, you must also adhere to a special diet and abstain from sexual activity during the treatment period. After treatment you should undergo a re-examination.

Other means

The course of treatment for urethritis for men also includes other drugs.

Immunomodulators

A medicine that increases the body’s ability to fight the inflammatory process of the urethra on its own is especially necessary when an infectious pathology develops. Often, experts prescribe Polyoxidonium in the form of injections.

Antiseptics

To wash out pathogenic microflora from the urethra, use 0.02% Methyl Blue and Hydrocortisone. The latter is injected directly into the bladder.

Antiviral ointment

It is prescribed to eliminate bacteria and pathogens that provoke the development of viral urethritis. "Acyclovir" has proven itself in the treatment of inflammation of the urethra of herpes etiology.

Fighting urethritis with folk remedies

The best folk advice for treating bacterial urethritis

When using traditional medicine, it is important to remember that they can only be used in complex therapy for bacterial urethritis.

The use of folk remedies alone will not help get rid of the disease; only in combination with medications will it enhance their effect and speed up the recovery process.

For symptomatic treatment, decoctions of the following medicinal plants for internal use can be used:

• blue cornflower flowers
• black currant (berries or leaves)
• Piraeus rhizomes
• yellow zelenchuk
• linden flowers

It is recommended to consume more foods that have anti-inflammatory, diuretic effects: celery, beets, greens, carrots, pumpkin, cherries, tomatoes. An effective remedy is to simmer parsley in milk. Take two spoons of this medicine daily.

You can also use infusions from herbal infusions. Popular mixtures in the treatment of bacterial urethritis are:

• motherwort, heather, immortelle, madder, poplar (black) buds, fennel
• nettle, calamus, horsetail, elderberry flowers, peppermint, rose hips
• horsetail, wheatgrass rhizome, mantle, sage, caraway, St. John's wort
• tansy, meadowsweet, knotweed, shepherd's purse, ivy-shaped budra, watch

Decoctions

To prepare such decoctions, you need to pour boiling water (half a liter) into two tablespoons of dry herbs and leave for one hour. Use two tablespoons (tablespoons) three times a day for at least a month.

These herbs have an analgesic, enveloping, anti-inflammatory effect.

In addition, another effective means, which improve the condition of bacterial urethritis are decoctions and natural juice from black currants and cranberries.

Non-traditional methods can only be used as complex therapy in parallel with medication. In the treatment of urethritis, decoctions and tinctures based on medicinal plants, which can be prepared at home, have proven themselves to be excellent:

1. Black currant. It is useful to prepare compotes from the berries of the plant. However, in winter, when fresh fruits no, make a simple tincture. To do this you need to pour 3 tbsp. l. currant leaves with 2 cups boiling water. Take the infusion 2-3 times a day.
2. Cranberry . Drink the juice of this plant daily, and you will be able to overcome the inflammatory process of the genitourinary system and prevent the development of various kidney diseases that cause urethritis.
3. Parsley seeds. Pour a teaspoon of the product into a liter of water at room temperature and leave to infuse in a dark place for 8 hours. After the time has passed, strain the tincture and consume it in 3 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.

Additional treatments

In addition to the basic course of treatment with antibacterial drugs that suppress the acute symptoms of the disease, other therapeutic methods are also widely used, which relate to local and physiotherapeutic procedures.

Special Kegel exercises will help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles

Local procedures involve the injection of medications directly into the opening of the urethra. Urethral installations are performed using the drug hydrocortisone, Dioxidin and Mirimistin. Local treatment gives good results when used in combination with other drugs.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is used exclusively in cases of chronic urethritis; the use of these methods in acute inflammatory processes is strictly contraindicated. Magnetic therapy, laser therapy, UHF, electrophoresis may be prescribed. However, all these methods should be carried out only systematically and only under the supervision of specialists.

Forecast

Urethritis in men can be cured only if all specialist recommendations are followed.

Taking medications correctly and completing all necessary procedures, in most cases, has a successful outcome.

Otherwise, the disease may become chronic (desquamative).
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Complications of the disease

Statistics say that every second man on the planet after 50 years has prostatitis. Do not think that prostatitis can directly cause urethritis. However, quite often the occurrence of prostatitis occurs against the background of active infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Urethritis can cause the development of Reiter's syndrome, infertility, sexual dysfunction, colliculitis, orchitis, vesiculitis. In order to minimize the risk of complications of urethritis, a man should:

• avoid excessive and intense physical activity;
• do not get carried away with salty, spicy, fatty foods, alcohol;
• empty the bladder at the first urge to urinate, try to “tolerate” less;
• avoid hypothermia;
• promptly treat any chronic pathologies;
• lead a decent sex life, observe the rules of intimate hygiene.

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If treated incorrectly

At improper treatment bacterial urethritis can have dangerous consequences

If the disease is difficult to treat, this may indicate incorrect treatment tactics. This phenomenon can be fraught with its own complications. Undesirable consequences also appear due to untimely initiation of treatment.

Complications of urethritis of bacterial etiology in men include:

• Cystitis is an inflammatory process occurring in the bladder.
• Orchitis is inflammation of the testicles.
• Prostatitis is a pathology of the prostate gland. Typically occurs when urethritis is caused by chlamydia.
• The gonads in men (seminal vesicles, testes) may also become inflamed.
• Serious complications of bacterial urethritis include infertility and impotence.

Prevention of urethritis in men

In order to prevent bacterial urethritis after casual sexual intercourse, a visit to a venereologist is recommended. Using condoms also prevents the risk of developing the disease.

Preventive measures also include compliance with the following recommendations:

• promptly treat kidney diseases and cardiovascular pathologies. Follow all doctor's instructions
• avoid hypothermia
• try not to delay the urge to urinate
• treat inflammatory and infectious conditions of organs in a timely manner
• maintain proper balanced nutrition
• do not abuse alcoholic beverages
• be tested annually for sexually transmitted diseases
• observe personal hygiene rules
• avoid stressful situations
• prevent constipation and diarrhea

By following these simple rules, you can reduce the risk of bacterial urethritis several times.
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Anatomy of the urethra in women and men

In women, the urethra is only 1–2 cm long and quite wide. Therefore, infectious agents that enter here practically do not linger, but penetrate directly into the bladder, causing cystitis(inflammatory damage to the bladder wall), or are excreted in the urine. Due to the large width of the lumen, even significant swelling of the mucous membrane of the urethra in women does not lead to a significant disruption of the outflow of urine.

The male urethra can reach a length of 22 cm, and the width of its lumen is only 0.8 mm. In addition, it forms bends along its length. Therefore, the infection lingers in it more easily, and inflammatory swelling of the mucous membrane leads to a pronounced disruption of the outflow of urine, up to acute urinary retention.

Parts of the urethra in men:

• Prostatic part. Passes through the thickness of the prostate gland. It is 3–4 cm long and represents the widest segment of the male urethra.
• Membranous part. It has a length of 1.5 to 2 cm. It runs from the prostate gland to the beginning of the penis. This part of the male urethra is the narrowest and practically does not stretch.
• Spongy part. Passes inside the penis. Unlike the prostatic and membranous parts that are rigidly fixed inside the pelvic cavity, the spongy part is movable.

It is believed that this is an exclusively female deviation, although this is not the case. The pathology is equally observed in representatives of both sexes. When the disease occurs, inflammation of the urethra occurs. The causes of inflammation of the urethra in men are different, but most often they become infected after sexual intercourse. Depending on the foci of exposure, infectious and non-infectious urethritis are distinguished. The problem manifests itself as pain when passing urine, discharge, redness of the urethra and other unpleasant symptoms. Urethritis needs prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid possible complications. If the pathology is not treated, then in the future it will affect reproductive function and a disorder will occur in the genitourinary system.

Features of the structure of the male urethra

Paying attention to the fact that the male urethra is different from the female, the stronger sex feels the symptoms more clearly and is more difficult to tolerate inflammation of the urethra. This organ in men consists of a narrow hollow tube, which is 16-24 centimeters in length, while the female urethra is no more than 4 centimeters in length. Therefore, the weaker sex often suffers pathology without symptoms.

Due to the special structure of the urethra, men often experience signs of pathology from the first days of infection.

The male urethra consists of three sections: prostatic, membranous and spongy. The first section (posterior) is located in the prostate and is about 4 centimeters long. The length of the membranous or membranous section is 2 cm and is located between the prostate and the base of the genital organ. This part of the urinary canal is narrower in men. The longest is the spongy or spongy section, which is located in the trunk of the male genital organ. The disease in this part is called anterior urethritis and requires special treatment.

Classification of urethritis

Depending on the pathogen that caused urethritis, various factors and other diseases occurring in the body, special symptoms appear. In frequent cases, bacterial urethritis is observed, the development of which was caused by various harmful bacteria. In medicine, there are many classifications of urethritis.

Considering the type of pathogen, a distinction is made between specific and nonspecific urethritis. The sources of specific urethritis lie in bacteria that are transmitted through sexual contact: Trichomonas, chlamydia and others. Symptoms of acute nonspecific urethritis are detected when the causative agents are fungi, Staphylococcus aureus and other microorganisms.

Non-infectious pathology is classified into congestive, traumatic and allergic urethritis. In turn, the infectious lesion has its own varieties, which depend on the specific pathogen. So, doctors talk about gonorrheal, viral, trichomonas, bacterial, chlamydial and tuberculosis infections. There is also a type known as ureaplasma urethritis. Mixed urethritis occurs when infections different types attack the body.

Depending on the course of the disease, acute and chronic urethritis in men is distinguished. Pathology can enter the body directly through the genitourinary system, externally, then it is called primary. Secondary urethritis occurs due to infection of other organs. Urethritis is distinguished depending on the degree to which it is expressed: a weakly active disease, a pathology of moderate activity and a disease with a high degree of activity.

Main reasons

The causes of inflammation in the urethra are varied. Most often, infection occurs in the case of sexually transmitted diseases, which are transmitted through sexual contact. But it also happens that a fungal pathogen enters the body due to poor intimate hygiene.

Often, E. coli enters the genital organ, and then into the urethra after defecation and actively spreads.

Staphylococcal urethritis is often diagnosed, and pathology is also caused by microorganisms such as streptococcus, Escherichia coli and others. Urolithiasis can affect urethritis, since stones located in the kidneys injure the urethra at the exit. Pathology in men occurs for the following reasons:

• physical fatigue;
• stressful situations;
• alcohol abuse;
• malnutrition;
• lack of vitamins;
• various inflammations.

In some cases, urethritis in males is observed after surgical intervention. In this case, the urethra is injured, which leads to inflammation. An infection forms in the resulting abrasions and spreads quickly.

Symptoms of urethritis

After infection penetrates, the pathology begins to manifest itself within a few days, and sometimes even after a few weeks. Viral urethritis may not make itself felt for several months, and tuberculous urethritis may not be detected for many years. The patient in most cases complains of pain with urethritis, and the following symptoms are also present:

• irritation around the urethra;
• burning sensation when going to the toilet;
• the presence of unpleasant discharge;
• adhesion of the urethra.

There are also blood impurities in the urine, pus and mucus. Symptoms vary and are expressed with different intensity depending on the pathogen and the severity of the disease. Infectious urethritis has more pronounced symptoms than non-infectious urethritis. And in some men, signs of pathology may be completely absent.

Non-infectious urethritis is characterized by itching and redness of the genital organ. Return to contents

Non-infectious pathology

Pathology of a non-infectious type has special symptoms and other manifestations are added to the main symptoms. With non-infectious lesions, there is a disturbance in sexual function, and the main symptoms are mild. With allergic pathology, itching is present and a red urethra is observed due to the inflammatory process. It is important to seek help in a timely manner so that the symptoms of urethritis in men do not provoke a dangerous complication.

Infectious lesion

Infectious type urethritis is the most common and is more noticeable. Chronic desquamative urethritis is characterized by general symptoms, but changes in the epithelial cover occur. Along with viral pathology, conjunctivitis occurs and joints become inflamed. The most dangerous is candidal urethritis, since it tends to quickly become chronic and occur in a latent form. This deviation is difficult to treat and leads to strictures in the urethra.

Pathology poses a danger to internal organs and health in general. Acute urethritis in men leads to decreased sexual function and libido. In this case, the prostate and gonads are most injured. Pathology entails a decrease in the quantity and quality of sperm. Urethritis should be treated with medications prescribed by a qualified specialist after diagnosis.

Diagnosis of urethritis in men

In case of discomfort, pain and suspicion of inflammation in the urethra, a set of examinations is prescribed, which is aimed at fully checking the disease. First of all, you should contact a urologist who will conduct an examination. If an infectious pathology is detected, the patient is referred for consultation to a venereologist. The patient is prescribed the following studies:

• Urine and blood tests are taken;
• take a smear of discharge from the urethra;
• collect urine samples for bacterial culture and nutrient medium;
• ultrasound examination of the kidneys and organs of the genitourinary system;
• urethroscopy.

If pathology is present, test results will indicate a significant excess of leukocytes and bacteria. If fungi are detected, candida urethritis is diagnosed. During diagnosis, studies are carried out to determine which antibiotics will affect the pathology. A complete study allows doctors to understand how to treat urethritis and what drugs to use so that the therapy brings maximum effect.

Treatment of infection

Treatment of urethritis in men involves the use of antibacterial therapy, which is selected individually, taking into account the results of diagnostic studies. Doctors usually recommend an antibiotic such as Lincomycin hydrochloride or Metronidazole. If the pathology is not in critical form, then two tablets are prescribed per day, and the duration of the therapeutic course is no more than 10 days.

If there is a regular sexual partner, then individual antibiotics are mandatory for both partners.

Often, with pathology in men, dysbiosis is observed, which can be eliminated with the help of drugs aimed at restoring the intestinal microflora. The medicinal complex includes agents that have an anti-inflammatory effect and support the normal immune system. To treat urethritis in men, the urethra is washed. Hydrocortisone is injected into the urethra, which produces a disinfecting effect. The patient is also prescribed an anti-virus ointment, which is most effective for herpes infections.

Therapy with folk remedies

To cure this pathology early stage perhaps at home, using medical medications along with folk remedies. It is important to remember that male pathology is quite dangerous and you should first consult a doctor before using any medications. Medicinal herbs can only remove painful symptoms, but not eliminate the source of pathology.

In folk medicine, there are many recipes that can cure urethritis in the stronger sex. An infusion made from black currant is very popular. For preparation, use 30 grams of leaves, which are poured with boiled water. The medicine is left to infuse for an hour, then filtered and drunk three times a day.

Folk remedies can relieve itching and pain during urination. For this purpose, treatment preparations are used that are made from oak bark. To prepare the infusion, you should use 20-25 grams of oak bark, poured with boiling water (200 ml). From of this product You can make baths and lotions in the urethral area. But you should understand that by self-medicating, there is a high probability of harming your health, so you should not use any means without the approval of a specialist.

Do you need a diet?

Proper nutrition will help avoid pathology and speed up the healing process. There is no special diet for urethritis; doctors only recommend eating healthy foods rich in vitamins. It is not recommended to eat salty foods, canned and pickled foods; you should reduce your consumption of fatty and spicy foods. It is extremely important to lead a healthy lifestyle, not drink alcohol and quit smoking.

Prevention

Preventive measures are simple and consist, first of all, in using protection during sexual intercourse and maintaining intimate hygiene. Men should take care of their genitals and avoid overcooling to avoid inflammation. It is recommended not to take antibiotics for a long time. In order to detect the problem in time, you should regularly undergo examination by a urologist. Early detection pathology gives a greater chance of a speedy recovery. Incorrect or untimely treatment leads to complications.

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How to treat urethritis in men

The most common patients of a urologist are men who seek treatment for urethritis. The disease manifests itself at any age and passes with severe symptoms. Severe itching and pain when urinating do not allow a man to wait out a relapse without going to the doctor. If the acute form of the disease is not treated, the inflammatory process will spread to the prostate gland and testicles, which will bring with it even more painful processes.

What is urethritis in men?

Urethritis occurs differently in women and men. If the disease in the female body is practically asymptomatic due to anatomical feature urinary tract, then men suffer from this disease more. Male urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra caused by a variety of reasons. The most common among them is any venereal disease, promoting inflammation.

After pathogenic microbes enter the urethra, within a few hours increased fatigue and weakness appear, preceding the main symptoms of urethritis. Urethritis also has a non-infectious origin, but rarely. Factors in such cases include allergic reactions, trauma to the genitals, metabolic disorders or poor nutrition.

Urethritis in men can negatively affect reproductive function and lead to serious disruption of the functionality of the genitourinary system. Therefore, identifying signs that indicate the onset of an inflammatory process in the urethra is an indicator of consulting a doctor for examination and comprehensive treatment.

Symptoms and signs of urethral inflammation

The first symptoms of urethritis in a man appear, depending on the incubation period of the pathogen, from several hours (allergic) to several years (tuberculosis). The most typical of all types of urethritis are the following symptoms:

• Burning, itching, pain when urinating.
• Purulent discharge.
• Frequent urination.

Hyperemia or high temperature with urethritis, as a rule, is not observed. The discharge depends on the pathogen and is of a different nature. This is often a green or white discharge with an unpleasant odor that appears in the morning and forms yellow crusts on the penis. With inflammation of the urethra, redness and sticking of the external opening, pain in the lower abdomen, and cloudy urine may be observed.

Causes

Urethritis in a man can be caused by several reasons. As already mentioned, the most common are venereal diseases. But inflammation of the urethra can occur if a man ignores the rules of personal hygiene, because dirt quickly collects on the genitals and pathogenic bacteria multiply.

E. coli, which is on the surface intimate area remains after bowel movements, very actively increases its population on the skin. When it gets deep into the urethra, signs of urethritis develop immediately. Pathogenic microbes that affect the urethra include:

Urolithiasis can also cause the development of urethritis. Stones that are located in the kidneys, under certain conditions, can end up in a man’s urethra, causing inflammation. Medical interventions also often cause inflammation, since microscopic abrasions very quickly become infected with an infection in the body and then become inflamed.

Diagnostics - what tests to take?

The presence of any of the above symptoms is a reason to visit a urologist, who should make a diagnosis based on laboratory and clinical test data. During the initial examination, the doctor examines the discharge from the urethra by applying pressure, examines the swelling and redness of the urethral sponges, feels how painful and dense the urethra is and whether the inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged.

Each patient with suspected urethritis is examined for HIV infection and syphilis, and is also sent for the following tests:

1. Urogenital smear.
2. Culture from the urethra for sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. PCR studies to identify pathogens of urethritis.
4. General urine analysis.
5. Three-glass urine sample.
6. Urethroscopy.
7. General blood analysis.
8. Biochemistry of blood.
9. Rheumatic tests if urethritis appears after a sore throat.

How to treat urethritis in men - drugs

Before starting treatment, the doctor warns that during treatment for urethritis, sexual intercourse, oral sex, and masturbation are completely prohibited. If the disease is caused by a sexually transmitted infection, then treatment of the sexual partner is mandatory. The diet should also be followed, excluding spicy, salty, pickled, fried, spicy foods. Drinking alcohol is strictly forbidden, and drinking water should be consumed at least 2 liters daily to improve metabolism and speedy recovery.

Antibiotics

It is impossible to cure urethritis without antibiotics. The type of medication, dosage and treatment regimen for urethritis is determined by the doctor, depending on the causative agent of the disease and based on the type of pathology. General antibiotics are not prescribed for urethritis, since each microorganism has its own sensitivity to drugs.

• For the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, antibiotics such as Azithromycin and Cefipmaxone are prescribed.
• For the treatment of Trichomonas urethritis, Trinidazole and Metronidazole are more suitable.

Antiseptics

Towards effective antiseptic drugs include: “Miramistin”, “Furacilin”.

Ointments and suppositories

In the complex of antibacterial therapy, local drugs (ointments and suppositories) are used to speed up the healing process. For example, the antiviral ointment Acyclovir will be effective in the treatment of viral urethritis caused by herpes. Rectal suppositories are equivalent to injections in their effectiveness, so urologists often prescribe them for the treatment of various types of urethritis in men: Metronidazole, Hexicon, Indomethacin, Cifran.

Immunomodulators

These are substances that affect the functioning of the human immune system. It is known that the higher the immunity, the faster the recovery will come. Immunomodulators are mandatory medications for the treatment of urethritis in men. They are prescribed in addition to antibiotics so that they do not suppress the immune system.

Effective drugs domestic production: “Timalin, “Myelopid.”

Vitamins

During the treatment of urethritis, vitamin deficiency in the body must be replenished, so doctors prescribe multivitamin complexes with vitamins A, E, and

C, D and minerals. A proper diet can compensate for the lack of some vitamins, but not fully. For example, vitamin A is contained in the form of esters in products of animal origin, so with a strict diet, its reserves cannot be replenished at the required levels.

Popular vitamin complexes for urethritis: “Bio-max”, “Pikovit forte”.

Treatment of urethritis with folk remedies

It is impossible to cure urethritis using folk methods alone. But decoctions and herbal tinctures will help alleviate the condition. We offer several folk recipes that will help with chronic urethritis and will be an excellent prevention of relapses:

• Infusion of black currant leaves. An excellent replacement for a vitamin complex and an antiseptic. Take 30 gr. dry leaves, pour a glass of boiling water, leave for one hour, then strain. Drink three times a day before meals (15 minutes before). If possible, eat fresh blackcurrants. The duration of treatment is not limited.
• Infusion of oak bark. It will help relieve burning and pain when urinating. Brew a tablespoon of oak bark with boiling water (1 cup), leave for three hours. The resulting product should be drunk 1 tbsp. l. 3 times/day before meals, warm. The infusion is also used for men in the form of baths or lotions.
• Infusion of cornflower flowers. Pour boiling water over one teaspoon of dried cornflower flowers, leave for an hour, then consume 2 tbsp. l. before meals 3 times a day until the natural microflora is restored and the inflammatory process passes.

Complications

Treatment of urethritis in men is mandatory, because ignoring the inflammatory process can lead to damage not only to the urethra, but also to the scrotum, testicles, and prostate gland. Urethritis is difficult to treat, but diseases of the reproductive system can lead to inability to bear children, and such processes are often irreversible.

In men, complications of urethritis can lead to: prostatitis, funiculitis, seminal vesicles, the formation of epidyrmitis or orchitis.

Chronic desquamative urethritis can lead to keratinization of the epithelium, and staphylococcal pathology can lead to a more complex consequence of urethritis - narrowing of the urethra, which occurs due to scarring of the mucosal tissue. This disease leads to disruption of the outflow of urine, its return to the kidneys with the formation renal failure and pyelonephritis.

Types of male urethritis

Male urethritis is divided into several types and types. It can be infectious and non-infectious, primary and secondary, that is, it enters the urethra from already infected organs. Classification of urethritis in men is also carried out according to its characteristics (types of pathogen).

Urethritis in women and men symptoms

Urethritis is the process of inflammation of the urethra, the thin duct through which urine is drained from the bladder. Often caused by a bacterial infection, urethritis can cause different symptoms in men and women. Infectious agents (including carriers of chlamydia, gonorrhea and herpes) are transmitted through sexual contact and can cause urethritis in both men and women, although the woman may not experience any symptoms. If symptoms do occur, urethritis may be difficult to distinguish from a bladder infection; however, the treatment for both diseases is similar. Urethritis can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases; Such infectious diseases are most common among women. See how to use folk remedies for this disease here.

Causes

• In women, urethritis often occurs as a result of an infection caused by bacteria that normally inhabit the anal area and have no effect. diseases. If these bacteria enter the urinary tract, urethritis may develop.
• Urethritis can occur through sexual transmission of the herpes virus or bacteria that cause chlamydia or gonorrhea.
• Long-term use of a urinary catheter increases the risk of urethritis.
• Sexual activity can damage the urethra in women and promote inflammation.
• Certain soaps, bath oils, and vaginal douches can irritate the urethra.

Symptoms

• Burning when urinating.
• Frequent urination with small amounts of urine coming out.
• Insistent need to urinate.
• Blood in urine.
• Yellowish discharge from the urethra.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Painful sexual intercourse in women.

Diagnostics

• Medical history and physical examination.
• Analysis under a microscope and culture of discharge from the urethra and urine.

General clinical examination of urethral discharge

Discharge from the urethra is examined mainly for the diagnosis of the inflammatory process in non-gonococcal urethritis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, syphilis, etc. In addition, the study allows us to differentiate a number of pathological and physiological conditions characterized by discharge from the urethra (prostatorrhea, spermatorrhea, urethrorrhea).

When examining discharge from the urethra, the quantity and composition of cellular elements depend mainly on the severity and duration of the inflammatory process. According to the European Urethritis Guidelines (2001), the diagnosis of urethritis should be confirmed by the detection of polynuclear neutrophils in the anterior urethra, since discharge in men does not always indicate pathology. Smears from the urethra and/or the first portion of urine serve as informative material for the study. Conducting two types of studies allows us to identify cases that might be missed if only one of them is used. The inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the urethra (urethritis) is expressed by the presence of at least 5 polynuclear neutrophils in the field of view under immersion magnification of the microscope. The depth of the pathological process in the urethra is evidenced by the predominance of cylindrical and parabasal epithelial cells in the imprint smears. During the initial review of drugs, the following practical conclusions can be drawn.

• Leukocytes (neutrophils and lymphocytes) predominate - acute urethritis or exacerbation of chronic urethritis; with a high content of eosinophils (over 5-10%) - allergic urethritis.
• Epithelial cells predominate with a small number of leukocytes - chronic urethritis with epithelial metaplasia (desquamative urethritis) or urethral leukoplakia.
• A significant number of red blood cells along with leukocytes and epithelial cells - traumatic urethritis, urethral tumor, crystalluria, ulceration of the mucous membrane, etc.
• There are no leukocytes or only a few in the field of view at high magnification of the microscope - prostatorrhea (lipid grains are present); spermatorrhea (many sperm); urethrorrhea (mucus without formed elements predominates - the secretion of the urethral glands).
• With a small content of polynuclear neutrophils, massive accumulations of small pleomorphic rods on epithelial cells (key cells) - urethritis caused by Corynebacterium vaginale.
• Key cells are present, a variety of bacteria are present in large numbers, polynuclear neutrophils are single, there is no phagocytic reaction - bacterorrhea.

With a more detailed examination of smears, the criteria for diagnosing urethritis according to the European Guidelines for Urethritis (2001) are as follows.

• A Gram-stained smear from the urethra containing at least 5 polynuclear neutrophils per field of view at high magnification (x1000) of the microscope (the average of 5 or more fields with the highest concentration of polynuclear neutrophils), and/or:
• detection of at least 10 polynuclear neutrophils per field of view at high magnification (x1000) of the microscope (the average of 5 or more fields with the highest concentration of polynuclear neutrophils) in a Gram-stained preparation from a sample of the first portion of urine.

The sensitivity of the above tests depends on how long the patient has not urinated before taking the material for testing. A period of 4 hours is usually recommended.

When identifying an inflammatory process in the urethra, it is necessary to establish its etiology. Urethritis can be either gonococcal (if Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected) or non-gonococcal (gonococci are not detected). A significant portion of non-gonococcal urethritis is caused by chlamydia. Cases in which neither chlamydia nor gonococci can be detected are classified as non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis (nonspecific urethritis).

To test for gonococci, discharge from the urethra, prostate gland, urine in men and discharge from the vagina, cervix, paraurethral ducts, and rectal lavage in women are simultaneously taken. For diagnosis, a bacterioscopic method is used (Gram staining of a smear), which for acute gonorrhea in men has high sensitivity and specificity (95 and 98%, respectively). In chronic and treated cases of the disease in men, a positive result is observed only in 8-20% of cases. In men, in acute cases the urethra is affected, in chronic cases - the prostate gland, seminal vesicles; in women, the Bartholin glands, vagina and urethra are primarily affected, later - the mucous membrane of the cervix, fallopian tubes, rectum, in girls - the vagina, urethra, rectum, conjunctiva of the eyes. A single negative result is not conclusive, so repeated studies are necessary.

When examining smears from patients with gonorrhea, a bacterioscopic picture of three types is mainly observed:

• leukocytes cover the entire field of view, gonococci are often located intracellularly, some of them are localized extracellularly; other microorganisms are absent;
• the cellular picture is the same, but gonococci and foreign microflora are absent (this picture is typical for chronic gonorrhea);
• a small number of degenerated leukocytes and abundant foreign microflora, the appearance of which indicates an improvement in the course of the process (with treatment).

Trichomoniasis is widespread among women aged 2-40 years, it is less often detected in men and extremely rarely in children. The causative agent of the disease is Trichomonas vaginalis. The disease in women is characterized by liquid, foamy or purulent discharge, irritation of the vaginal mucosa. In most men, the disease proceeds unnoticed; in some cases, the so-called “morning discharge” (discharge of a drop of pus from the urethra) is noted, and only in a small proportion the infection takes an acute form with symptoms of urethritis and prostatitis. In women, Trichomonas are found mainly in the vulva and vagina, less often in the urethra and cervix. In men, the urethra, prostate, and seminal vesicles are affected.

Chlamydia. Chlamydia is rarely diagnosed using bacterioscopic methods; serological methods or PCR are predominantly used.

Candidiasis. Candida is the most common causative agent of sexually transmitted mycotic urethritis. Much less often, candidal urethritis develops as a consequence of dysbiosis after treatment with antibiotics. Smears from the urethra reveal mycelium and spores, which confirms the diagnosis.