home Consultations Who treats chalazion. symptomatic picture of the disease. How to distinguish chalazion from barley

Who treats chalazion. symptomatic picture of the disease. How to distinguish chalazion from barley

A chalazion of the upper and lower eyelids of the eye is a non-malignant tumor-like seal that forms in the tissue of the eyelid against the background of an inflammatory process when the duct of the meibomian gland is obstructed due to secretions of a fatty nature (meibum) accumulated in its lumen. The seal capsule consists of connective tissue, and inside is a sebaceous secret. A chalazion on the eye can develop both in an adult man and woman, and in a child. This disease affects both the upper and lower eyelids.

The meibomian glands, which are modified sebaceous glands, are located in the cartilaginous plate of the eye, and through their ducts, the meibum is brought to the conjunctiva (mucosa) of the eyelid, lubricates it from the inside and keeps the eye moisturized, preventing it from drying out, while reducing friction between the edges of the eyelids.

Features of this eye disease:

A chalazion on the eye looks like a round, painless bump under the skin near the eyelashes or a seal with a clear contour ranging in size from 1 - 3 to 15 mm.
Education does not grow into the skin and is able to move slightly. May grow quickly or very slowly.
Both upper and lower eyelid chalazion are diagnosed. Less commonly, the disease affects both eyelids at once.
Often a chalazion does not cause concern, except for a cosmetic defect. But in some cases, this disease of the eye leads to chronic inflammation with frequent exacerbations.
With inflammation, the subcutaneous node can suppurate and open on its own.
A small chalazion of the eyelid is able to resolve on its own, but in most patients it begins to increase.
The disease occurs quite often, occurring in 7 to 8 out of a hundred patients with eyelid pathologies.
The development of such a tumor is subject to people of different age groups, including children, but usually the disease is diagnosed in adult patients 35-55 years old.

The key reason for the occurrence of a chalazion of the eyelid is the obstruction of the duct of the sebaceous gland. If the fatty secret does not flow to the conjunctiva, then it accumulates, stretching the walls of the duct, gradually forming a capsule in the form of a nodular seal.

But why is the excretory channel clogged? Doctors consider the reasons for the formation of a sebaceous plug inside the glandular duct:

Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the eyelids, including blepharitis. With such pathologies, swollen tissues compress the ducts, causing their obstruction and subsequent blockage.
Thickening and increased viscosity fatty secretion, which leads to a violation of its fluid properties, interfering with the movement along the excretory ducts.
Incomplete cure of previously formed barley (acute bacterial suppuration of the eyelid, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus). Chalazion is often referred to as "hardened barley".

The following provocative factors predispose to the development of a chalazion in the eye area:

chronic blepharitis, demodicosis (tick-borne lesion), purulent conjunctivitis;
rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, excessive formation of sebum;
endocrine pathology, diabetes;
diseases of the digestive and biliary organs;
long-term use of contact lenses or their insufficient bactericidal treatment;
excess cosmetics on the eyelids and face, frequent fixation of false eyelashes;
emotional stress, reduced immune protection;
sharp respiratory infections, vitamin deficiency.

Symptoms at different stages of development

The chalazion of the lower eyelid is formed for the same reasons as the chalazion of the upper eyelid, while the disease does not differ in clinical manifestations.

Signs without inflammation

At the initial stage, the pathology does not cause much concern and manifests itself only in the appearance of a dense bulge under the skin above or below the eyelid.

When the chalazion on the eye is localized closer to the outer edge of the eyelid, a bulge under the skin is immediately observed. If the blocked duct comes out closer to the cartilaginous plate of the conjunctiva, an internal chalazion is formed, which can be seen inside the eyelid by turning it inside out. With eversion of the eyelid, a slight reddening with a grayish focus in the middle is visible on the mucosa.

If several chalazions appear in the eye area at once, then they either merge into one large tumor, or form a chain of multiple nodules.

As the secret accumulates inside the lumen of the sebaceous duct, a capsule of connective tissue is formed around it, which thickens more and more and eventually forms a kind of muco-sebaceous content.

The larger the overgrown chalazion, the more it presses on the eye, which is accompanied by the following symptoms:

burning due to irritation of the conjunctiva and the membranes of the eyeball;
itching, lacrimation, pain, sensation of a foreign object;
irritation of the edges of the eyelids;
special sensitivity to touch.

What is dangerous chalazion

When the nodule first appeared on the eyelid, they do not pay attention to it, because it does not hurt and does not interfere.

The main danger in the development of chalazion is such a complication as inflammation of the eyelid and suppuration in the tissues of the tumor. This occurs when bacteria enter the abnormal focus against the background of a weakened local immunity. Also, such complications are observed when a large node begins to be perceived by the patient's body as a foreign object. This condition is dangerous, since a slight suppuration can turn into an abscess and phlegmon.

If the node has become inflamed, turning into an abscessed chalazion, the following pronounced symptoms appear:

an increase in the tumor due to tissue edema, severe reddening of the skin to a purple color;
acute pain when trying to touch the inflamed focus;
increasing pain, which in the process of suppuration becomes pulsating;
rise in body temperature (with a large abscess);
softening of the seal due to purulent fusion of tissues;
additional development of symptoms of conjunctivitis and blepharitis ( severe itching, mucopurulent discharge, sticking of the eyelids, feeling of "scratching grains of sand" in the eye).

If the inflamed chalazion of the eyelid erupted with the expiration of pus on the mucous membrane of the eye, then the consequences can be serious. The skin along the edges of the eyelids becomes covered with purulent yellowish crusts, becomes excessively dry, red, and painful.

Complications of this process can be:

The formation of a fistula (abnormal opening), around which scars form, deforming the tissue of the eyelid and irritating the cornea.
Periodic recurrence of abscess.
Re-formation of single and multiple chalazions.
Development of chronic blepharitis, keratitis.
Violation visual functions and astigmatism (strabismus) due to the pressure of the tumor on the cornea and other structures of the eye.

Of particular danger are complications from chalazion in childhood when any pathological effect on the eyes can lead to severe visual impairment.

Chalazion of the upper and lower eyelids in a child, and with rapid suppuration, is quite common in pediatric practice. This is due to the children's habit of rubbing their eyes with dirty fingers and reduced protective function organisms in this age group.

That is why the sooner parents pay attention to the bulging under the eyelid of the baby and take him to an ophthalmologist for examination, the more chances to get rid of the chalazion without surgery and avoid complications.

Is chalazion contagious

If the chalazion on the eyelid of the eye is not inflamed and not infected, then it is not dangerous to others and is not contagious, since it is a cystic benign tumor. But it must be borne in mind that an inflamed, microorganism-infected chalazion of the eye is contagious. In this case, the threat of infection is not the neoplasm itself, but the bacteria that caused suppuration, especially if the tumor has burst and the pus has flowed into the eye and face. The process of infection occurs as well as with an opened boil.

Bacterial infection can occur if a healthy person accidentally touches pus, which then gets on the mucous membrane of the eye. Such contact is dangerous for children, people with diseases or weakened immune systems. An infected person will not necessarily develop a chalazion of the lower or upper eyelid, but with a high degree probabilities may develop purulent conjunctivitis or blepharitis.

How to treat chalazion

Chalazion treatment without surgery medicines it is possible only at the initial stage and the small size of the tumor, until a dense tissue capsule has formed around it.

Medical

Conservative therapy involves the appointment of eye ointments, drops, hormonal injections, physiotherapy.

Features of drug treatment of chalazion in adults and children:

All drops and ointments have side effects and a number of contraindications. Many of them are not used in the treatment of babies under a certain age, pregnant and lactating mothers, are prohibited for viral and fungal infections, eye injuries and other conditions.
With self-treatment at home, you should carefully study the medical instructions. But the best is to visit an ophthalmologist who knows all the features of drugs and dosages.
Depending on the phase of the development of the disease and the severity of the course, prescribe different types drugs, which must be taken into account. If inflammation around the nodule is absent or weakly expressed, then the use of antibacterial ointments and drops is inappropriate and even harmful - this can lead to increased growth of microbes that are resistant to the antibiotic, and if the chalazion becomes inflamed, then the medication will no longer help.
Most ointments and drops should not be used longer than 7 to 14 days.

Therapy for chalazion of the upper and lower eyelids includes the use of the following means:

Blefarogel 2 (with aloe and sulfur). It does not contain an antibiotic, cleanses the ducts of the meibomian glands from sebaceous plugs, and normalizes the production of fatty secretions. It has a disinfecting effect, eliminates swelling, irritation, resists inflammation.
Ointment yellow mercury, which is prepared only in special departments of pharmacies. Destroys pathogenic organisms, relieves inflammation without irritating the eyeball and conjunctiva. Helps even with running processes. It is used strictly at the site of the lesion 1-2 times a day in patients older than 12 years.
Hydrocortisone eye ointment 0.3 and 0.5% containing corticosteroid. Suppresses the growth of the chalazion membrane, eliminates inflammation, swelling of the eyelid and itching on the background allergic reaction. Applications on the affected eyelid are done 2 times a day, after which 1 - 2 minutes make a soft circular massage with the little finger.
Drops Opatanol (Olopatallerg) is an antiallergic drug that is prescribed for chalazion if the patient is allergic to other eye ointments and drops.
Ophthalmic antimicrobial drops from chalazion with antibiotics. Applicable for severe inflammation, suppuration, development of an abscess. Suppress the activity of bacteria, relieve inflammation: Floxal (Ofloxacil), Signicef, Uniflox, Vitabact, Dancil, Tobrex, Tobropt, Tsipromed, Oftaquix.
Ointments with antibiotics - Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin.
Combined drugs with an antibiotic and a hormonal component.
Vishnevsky ointment and Ichthyol ointment. They are used exclusively externally for the treatment of adults, strictly making sure that the ointment does not get on the conjunctiva of the eye. Apply to the skin of the eyelid purulent inflammation chalazion to speed up the opening or after the abscess has burst. Both drugs have analgesic properties and active antibacterial action. Not recommended for chalazion without consulting an ophthalmologist.

Corticosteroid injections

If the disease is advanced, and the chalazion is not treatable with ointments and drops, injectable glucocorticosteroids are used.

An injection with a chalazion is made with a very thin needle, introducing the hormonal solution of Kenalog, Diprospan (Betamethasone) directly into the pathological focus. After several injections, in most patients, the sebaceous contents inside the chalazion gradually resolve. This method is most effective if the walls of the tumor capsule are thin and not yet formed.

Many ophthalmologists combine several groups of drugs or prescribe medications in conjunction with physiotherapy, using the following schemes:

Blefarogel (2 - 3 weeks) + antibacterial drops (depending on the microbe, causing inflammation) + phonophoresis with Hydrocortisone ointment (5-10 procedures).
An injection of Diprospan into a chalazion, followed by the use of Hydrocortisone.

Massage, heating, physiotherapy

Often prescribed for chalazion dry heat, UHF, medicinal phonophoresis, massage. But it is possible to warm up the chalazion of the lower and upper eyelids or apply thermal physiotherapy so that it resolves only if the tumor is not inflamed.

Thermal procedures and massage are prohibited during suppuration of the chalazion, since, together with the active blood flow, the bacteria can spread to adjacent tissues and cause the development of an abscess and phlegmon (diffuse inflammation) of the eyelid.

If the nodule is small, not inflamed and not surrounded by a dense tissue capsule, increased blood flow in the heated abnormal focus will help expand the lumen of the glandular duct and the disease may go away, especially if warming is supplemented by the use of ointments.

Folk remedies

Treatment of eyelid chalazion at home with folk remedies must necessarily include the above warm-up precautions.

Sometimes heating the abscess with dry heat can lead to its rapid maturation, opening and alleviating the condition. But it is difficult for the patient to independently determine the stage of the inflammatory process. After all, if suppuration has a diffuse character, then heating will lead to the expansion of the pathological focus and deterioration of the condition, up to phlegmon.

In the early phase of the disease, a common option for treating chalazion with folk remedies is to warm the eyelid with a bag of dry salt, which is previously kept in a hot frying pan, with a warm egg (boiled and peeled). Repeat heating after 2-3 hours.

Homemade recipes to help relieve inflammation:

Cut off an aloe leaf, squeeze out the juice, drip 2-4 drops over the affected eyelid up to 5-6 times a day. After instillation, gently massage the eyelid from the outside.
Take 2 tablespoons of dried marigold flowers or 1 teaspoon of chamomile and sage. Pour 250 ml of boiling water over herbs, leave for 40 - 60 minutes. After filtering, moisten a gauze swab in the decoction, wring out and apply as a lotion to the sore eyelid for 10 minutes 4-5 times a day. You can make a compress by closing the soaked healing decoction gauze with polyethylene and securing with a bandage or plaster (for 1 - 2 hours).
Black bread (100 g) is poured into 100 ml of hot milk and kept on low heat for 5-7 minutes. The mixture is squeezed out, powder from dried plantain leaves or a freshly ground leaf is added so that a viscous mixture is obtained. Grass-bread gruel in gauze is used for a compress.

It is important to understand that a running process and an already encapsulated chalazion in a dense shell cannot be cured with home remedies.

Surgery

An operation to remove a chalazion of the eyelid has to be resorted to in the following cases:

with persistent growth of the formation, which has reached 5-6 mm and is not amenable to drug treatment;
when the process is spread over several sebaceous glands;
with the development of an abscess;
at reappearances nodes;
with suspicion of cancerous meibomian adenocarcinoma.

The intervention is carried out only after the elimination of inflammation in the growth site of the chalazion of the eye (if any), for which the doctor prescribes antibacterial and hormonal therapy for 5-7 days.

The operation to remove a chalazion is considered simple, performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

Operation steps:

Anesthesia is carried out using anesthetic eye drops or by injecting with thin needles through which an anesthetic (Lidocaine, Bupivacaine) is injected under the skin.
A special clamp is applied to the eyelid to minimize the risk of bleeding.
Removal of a chalazion can be performed transconjunctivally, when an incision is made from the inside of the eyelid, or from the outside through the skin. It depends on how the tumor-like neoplasm is located and how accessible it is for one or another type of excision.
During the operation, the doctor cleans the contents of the capsule or completely removes the chalazion along with the outer shell. The second option is considered as the most effective in terms of preventing relapses. After all, if after cleaning out the sebaceous secretion, the chalazion capsule remains in the tissue, it can quickly fill up again.
If the seal is cut from the inside (from the side of the mucous membrane of the eyelid), then the incision on the mucous membrane is tightened independently. If from the side of the skin - then a small incision after application cosmetic suture heals very quickly without leaving marks.
The operating bed is disinfected, an antibacterial ointment is applied behind the eyelid to prevent infection of the wound, and a gauze bandage is made for a day to prevent bleeding. An hour later, the patient is allowed to go home.

Completion of rehabilitation occurs on the 10th - 12th day.

If the operation was performed by an unqualified specialist or the patient violates the rules postoperative treatment and precautions, the following complications are possible: retinal hemorrhage with subsequent atrophy optic nerve, the development of photophobia and even partial violation visual function.

Laser chalazion removal

Removal of a chalazion with a laser is considered as the most low-traumatic, bloodless and effective method. This method involves high-temperature evaporation of abnormal capsule cells with a laser beam.

Laser treatment allows:

minimize the risk of recurrence and complications;
eliminate bleeding due to instant "soldering" and coagulation of blood vessels;
do not put stitches;
simultaneously destroy all infectious agents with laser radiation;
shorten the tissue healing period.

Cons of the procedure:

high cost, the need for special equipment and highly qualified specialists;
risk of corneal deformation during laser treatment.

Postoperative period

After removal of a chalazion on the eye:

eye drops are prescribed for 5 to 7 days, which suppress the activity of microbes and relieve inflammation;
if the conjunctival mucosa was dissected during the operation, then a soft contact lens should be worn for 5 days, which will prevent the wound surface from rubbing against the eyeball, preventing pain;
local swelling of the eyelid and postoperative bruising disappear after a few days;
excised tissues are sent to histological examination to exclude cancerous degeneration of cells (malignancy).

After classical operation, as after laser removal chalazion, during the week you should avoid:

water ingress on the injured eyelid;
physical activity, head shaking, prolonged eye strain (reading, computer, TV).
use of cosmetics;
visits to saunas, baths, swimming pools, swimming in reservoirs.

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Chalazion is a common eye disease that affects children and adults. It is signaled by the formation of a tumor-like tubercle in the region of the eyelid. In the initial stages, the manifestations are similar to barley. Thanks to a competent diagnosis, a specialist can prescribe an adequate and quality treatment. Consider how the treatment of chalazion proceeds without surgery, and what methods are applicable without a therapeutic process.

General characteristics of the disease

within a few days after the onset of the disease inflammatory signs pass, in their place there is only a seal, similar in appearance to a small lump;
the infection of the sebaceous glands acts as the nature of the occurrence of barley, and in the disease under consideration, the clogging factor plays a role;
the chalazion is much larger.

Such features of the disease reduce the entire outcome of treatment to removal. However, it is possible to do this with the help of conventional drugs without resorting to surgery. To better understand the process, consider causal factors and symptoms of the disease.

Varieties and stages of the disease

The main manifestation of the disease is the occurrence of hailstones on the upper or lower eyelid, which causes a type of disease:

the eyelid is affected from the extreme part, causing discomfort and itching, in children this phenomenon common, self-treatment can worsen the situation and cause a relapse;
the lower eyelid, being amazed, resembles barley, the localization of the tumor process is observed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe eyelashes, an experienced ophthalmologist will be able to determine the disease and its nature.

The course of this disease is characterized by several main stages, depending on which one or another therapeutic process is prescribed. At the initial stage, the disease is actually not noticeable, a person is not bothered by unpleasant phenomena. The disease may be accompanied skin redness. It is difficult to distinguish it from barley.

At the third stage, the bump begins to grow for a long time, the process lasts up to 2-3 weeks, at this stage it is advisable to apply drug treatment through pharmaceutical and folk remedies.

At the last stage, a large increase is observed, the tumor increases in size, the patient needs urgent surgical intervention. The operation is performed by a specialist in the field of surgery.

To answer the question of how to cure a chalazion without surgery, it is worth understanding that you need to start the treatment process at the third stage, and it is even better to diagnose the disease at the initial stage and take measures to eliminate it.

Causes of the disease

The disease is traditionally provoked by the influence of several factors on it, usually these are background diseases:

diabetes;
skin rashes;
problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
chronic gastritis;
stressful state;
barley;
use of lenses;
infectious diseases;
weakening of the immune system;
the fact of respiratory diseases;
infection in the eyes;
neglect of hygiene;
frequent eye rubbing.

In order to treat the disease with proven means, it is necessary to determine the cause of its manifestation.

Symptomatic picture of the disease

Under the skin of the affected eyelid, a rounded swelling occurs. It gradually increases, which makes it noticeable to others. In addition to sensual discomfort, the growth is distinguished by the delivery of a significant cosmetic defect that cannot be masked. In one eyelid, a patient may experience several ailments at the same time. In some cases of the course of the disease, several characteristic symptoms can be observed:

Diagnosis is based on external signs with eversion of the affected area of the eyelid. To through medical devices without the help of a surgeon, it is necessary to pay attention to its signs immediately after their manifestation and consult a specialist.

Features of the therapeutic process

After studying this section, you can learn the basic tools used for therapy. To eliminate the disease, traditionally resort to conservative methods. These include physical therapy, folk remedies, and medications. The operation is prescribed only in cases where the methods of therapy were ineffective.

What medicines are used to treat the disease

As dosage forms, eye drops and other external preparations are used in the form of ointments, gels, creams, emulsions.

Drop treatment

If we consider the most effective drugs, you can pay attention to drip formulations containing substances with an antibacterial effect.

Tobrex - This drug is equally used by adults and children. It allows you to remove the main symptoms of the disease and eliminate inflammation and processes in the affected area.

Floksal - this substance ensures the death of microorganisms in bacterial cells, the medicine can be used by adults and children from the newborn period. The effect of using the drug can be seen after 15 minutes, it lasts up to 10 hours.

Tsipromed is prescribed by a specialist prescription and is an element for complex therapy with viral and infectious phenomena. The drug is rapidly absorbed through the mucous membrane and has a prompt effect.

Treatment with such agents involves a direct effect on the elimination of bacteria, but since swelling and itching are the main symptom of the disease, the doctor prescribes anti-allergic drop formulations - Opatanol, Maxitrol, Blefarogel, which contain antibiotics. Since there are many contraindications and side effects you need to consult with a specialist.

Ointments against disease

Another effective remedy with which the disease has been removed from time immemorial is ointment. In practice, several types of similar compounds are used to speed up the healing process:

the yellow-mercury composition is applied to the site of skin lesions or is laid under the eyelid that has undergone changes, this composition has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic property, resolves the hailstone and removes all the pus;
hydrocortisone ointment is used to eliminate build-up on upper eyelid, the product is also available in the form of a cream, lotion, helps to get rid of inflammation, relieve swelling, get rid of itching;
ichthyol ointment ensures the removal of the build-up and the removal of purulent contents from it, medicinal product has an antiseptic and disinfectant effect and easily eliminates the disease;
the tetracycline composition is considered to be in demand, since it is often recommended by ophthalmologists, it is used to treat inflammatory and infectious processes in the eye area.

The action of these drugs is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease and improving the patient's condition. Also from drug therapy injections (an injection of diprospan), preparations for internal use in order to increase immunity can be used.

Features of physiotherapy activities

This complex aims to inflammatory process was eliminated, and in order to achieve an instant resolving effect. Massage, ultrasound therapy, compresses, laser therapy are used to solve problems. Each measure has its own effect and is prescribed by a specialist depending on the stage of the disease and the general clinical picture. When prescribing procedures, consideration is given to individual characteristics patient and his personal wishes.

Is it possible to pierce the formation with a needle

This event takes place, but the procedure must be carried out by an experienced professional using a special sterile instrument. By means of a needle, special injections are made into the chalazion, which dissolve the formation and relieve the inflammatory process. Do it yourself activities are not allowed, so as not to introduce infection. Some patients are interested in the question of the possibility of heating education. In fact, it depends on the stage of the disease. If the hailstone has not fully formed, it can be heated until ripening. If it is ripe, warming up will not have an effect.

What to do if the growth broke through

A natural gap is a guarantee of the rapid passage of the disease. But the focus of the disease must be provided with competent antibacterial protection. Wound treatment is carried out special tool. If the rupture occurs suddenly, it is recommended to consult a specialist in order to avoid an infectious process.

Folk remedies for the treatment of the disease

So that the removed growth does not bother, and the effect of the treatment is achieved as quickly as possible, it is necessary to use folk remedies.

A cabbage compress involves convenient cutting of a cabbage leaf and mixing it with raw egg, the composition is wrapped in a cloth and placed on the affected area. In place of cabbage in this recipe, there may be tea brewing.

A decoction of cornflowers involves falling asleep in a container of 2 tsp dried flowers and pouring them with boiling water. You need to cover the dishes with a warm towel, and after the solution has cooled, it should be filtered and used as lotions.

In case of illness, it is used, which must be instilled into the eyes every day and massaged into the focus of inflammation. Through this procedure, rapid maturation growth.

Dill decoction is also an effective remedy at the initial stage of the disease. To prepare it, take a tablespoon of the seed and pour 250 ml of boiling water. After boiling, you need to let the composition cool down and apply these lotions to the affected area.

Among folk remedies, conspiracies are often used, but they must be produced by experienced healers.

Complications of the disease

If relapses occur frequently, this indicates that the disease is moving into chronic process. Most often, people with a weakened immune system suffer from the disease. The course of the disease can be accompanied by phlegmon of the eyelid, keratitis and other phenomena. If you resort to unqualified therapy, the process of squeezing the optic nerve will become unfavorable. Due to such considerations, hemorrhage can occur in the region of the retina, the patient begins to suffer from photophobia, loss of vision, deterioration of the optic nerve.

Preventive actions

Their observance will help prevent disease and other infectious processes in the eye area:

not recommended to go to public places when there are massive colds;
need to lead healthy lifestyle life with observance of sleep and wakefulness, proper nutrition;
it is important to avoid stress and excessive stress, overheating and hypothermia;
if contact lenses are used, this should be done as carefully as possible;
it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene.

If changes have occurred in the body and on the eye, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner. This will keep your health strong and your mood good.

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A fairly large number of people in their lives have encountered a situation in which a slight swelling appeared on the eyelid of one of the eyes. The very first thing people think about such a case, this is a suspicion of ordinary barley, which passes on its own in a few days even without special treatment.

Often this is exactly what happens. But sometimes such suspicions are not justified and it turns out that a week has passed (or even more), but the swelling has not only not subsided, but also increased in size and continues to grow.

This fact suggests that in this case there is a completely different pathology, called chalazion.

Eyelid chalazion disease (with photo)

Chalazion eye disease is an inflammatory disease that affects the upper or lower eyelid. With this disease, the formation of a benign tumor-like neoplasm with clear boundaries occurs. Thanks to this manifestation, the disease got its name. Chalazion is a Greek word. And in translation from this language it means "hailstone".

The basis of the pathogenic process is the blockage of the meibomian gland and the accumulation of fluid in it. I must say that in a century there are up to 70 such glands. They are located inside the eyelid immediately after the eyelashes. They work constantly, and their primary task is to prevent the drying of the eye due to the formation of a thin fatty film on the surface of the organ of vision. This is especially true in cases where there is little or no tear fluid in the eye.

The chalazion on the eyelid is well illustrated by the photo that can be seen above. At the same time, it is worth paying attention that visually the “hailstone” is determined both from the outside and from inside century. This induration is usually painless. However, with a significant increase in size, such a formation is able to cause pain to its owner.

The described disease is very common. In particular, if we consider it in the structure of ophthalmic diseases, we can say that the proportion of this pathology is about 5%. And this despite the fact that not all sick people (but about half) turn to doctors for help. The appearance of "hailstones" is in no way connected with age and gender: its appearance can be expected with equal probability in any segment of the population.

The eyelid chalazion disease, as mentioned above, can be quite easily confused with another ophthalmic disease called "barley". The probability of such a diagnostic error is especially high for early stages development of the disease. Given this circumstance, another name was given to the chalazion: “cold barley”. In addition, in relation to this disease, you can hear the term "nodule", as well as "Meibomian cyst".

But no matter how this disease is called, its essence does not change at all and the fight against it should not be shelved.

Causes of chalazion on the eye

The immediate cause of the appearance of a chalazion, according to ophthalmologists, is a blockage of the duct of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid. This gland is also called meibomian. As a result of this process, the lipid (in other words, protein) secret formed in the gland is not able to go outside, and therefore accumulates in the lumen of its duct.

A similar mechanism contributes to the occurrence of an inflammatory reaction of the tissues around the gland. The focus of inflammation is covered with a capsule and as a result, a seal in the form of a nodule forms on the eyelid. The nature of such a seal is benign.

Often the causes of chalazion lie in other diseases. For example, this ailment may well develop after a previous and so similar to a chalazion eye disease called barley. The risk of this is especially great in cases where barley is not completely cured or its recurrence takes place. The appearance of "hailstones" is also possible with chronic blepharitis.

In addition to purely ophthalmic diseases, diseases of other organs or systems can also provoke a chalazion. For example, diabetes mellitus, seborrhea or disorders of the stomach and / or intestines (enterocolitis, etc.). Contributes to the development of the disease and such physiological feature like oily skin.

The causes of chalazion listed above can be supplemented by various provoking factors. These, as a rule, are stress and hypothermia, this also includes. Eye contact should also be included in this category. different kind agents, which occurs in case of violation of the rules of personal hygiene, or in case of improper handling of contact lenses.

What does a chalazion of different stages look like and the causes of inflammation of the eyelid

Before talking about what a chalazion looks like, it is worth talking about the features of its formation.

It should be noted that in its development "hailstone" goes through several stages or stages. It's pretty important point, because the symptoms depend on the stage of the chalazion, which this disease manifests itself, and the method of treatment that should be chosen in order to effectively cope with the disease.

The first stage of the disease is the formation of a cyst. At this stage, the patient may not notice any signs at all. Only by chance does he discover a seal the size of millet in the thickness of the eyelid.

The second stage is the growth of the cyst. The formation increasing in size becomes visually noticeable. In shape, it resembles a pea and during probing reveals such signs as density, roundness and mobility.

Photo of a chalazion on the eye different stages can be seen below:

There are cases when early stages disease is not treated. In this case, the chalazion grows to a large size and presses on the eyeball, deforming the eyelid.

Stage number three - inflammation of the chalazion. Cause this process penetration into the cyst of the infection is considered either autoimmune reaction, which consists in the interaction of the contents of the cyst with the blood, which occurs when the capsule is destroyed.

The fourth, final stage of the disease is the resorption of the chalazion. Most often this happens against the background of timely started (still at the stage when the cyst was formed) proper treatment.

Symptoms of chalazion eye disease

The symptoms indicating a chalazion are quite simple and, as a rule, come to light very easily.

The development of the disease in question is accompanied by the appearance of a dense, rounded formation (nodule) under the skin of the lower or upper eyelid. Such a formation is located in the thickness of the cartilage, it is not soldered to the skin and is completely painless on palpation.

This nodule tends to slowly increase and can reach 5-6 mm in size. As the swelling increases, it becomes noticeable from the side of the skin, i.e. there is a visible cosmetic defect.

When examining the conjunctiva, it is possible to reveal an area of local redness with a grayish zone in the center. Perhaps the formation of a chalazion of the upper eyelid and a chalazion of the lower eyelid at the same time.

The appearance of "hailstones" may in some cases be accompanied by itching and the development of lacrimation, as well as hypersensitivity to touch. The growing nodule can put pressure on the cornea, resulting in astigmatism and visual distortion.

Existing for a long time and at the same time, an unopened chalazion, as a rule, turns into a cyst with characteristic mucous contents.

In the event that suppuration of the nodule occurs, symptoms of inflammation appear, expressed in local redness of the skin, the development of edema, the occurrence of throbbing pain and softening of the chalazion. An increase in body temperature with development is possible.

Sometimes it happens that the "hailstone" spontaneously opens. In this case, a fistulous tract is formed and purulent contents are released onto the surface of the conjunctiva. Around the course, as a rule, granulations grow. And the skin of the eyelids becomes dry, reddens and covered with dried crusts of the discharge.

A photo of a chalazion of the upper eyelid and a photo of a chalazion of the lower eyelid can be seen below:

Consequences of a chalazion on the eye

In the event that the fight against the disease was not started in a timely manner, and the disease itself turned into late stage development, there are all chances for the occurrence of such an unfavorable effect of a chalazion for human health as visual impairment.
It is expressed in astigmatism, the cause of which is the constant pressure of a large "hailstone" on the surface of the cornea. IN advanced cases the latter is damaged and its turbidity develops, i.e. .

Precisely because with this pathology, as well as some other ophthalmic diseases visual impairment may occur. And in some cases, even a partial or complete loss of it develops, you should carefully monitor the state of the organ of vision, maintain their cleanliness and health, and if you find any, even seemingly the most minor violations, immediately contact a specialist.

Particular attention to the "hailstone" that appears on the eye should be given to people over the age of 40 years. The fact is that at this time the risk of developing cancer increases significantly. neoplastic diseases and, in particular, tumors of the sebaceous glands, which can be suspected if the nodule recurs, appearing in the same place.

What is dangerous eye chalazion

Speaking about the dangers of chalazion, it is worth mentioning that during its treatment by laser surgery, deformation of the cornea is possible. And as a result of corticosteroid injections, such a type of complication as hypopigmentation may well arise.

It should also be noted that as a consequence of the surgical intervention, in which the “cleaning” of the chalazion is performed, a scar or scar may form on the eyelid, uncomfortable during blinking movements (i.e. blinking).

Recognition of the chalazion disease is carried out by an ophthalmologist during an external examination of the modified eyelid.

The main diagnostic sign of the disease is the identification of compaction in the thickness of the eyelid. In size, such a seal is comparable to a millet grain or a small pea and, as a rule, is not soldered to the surrounding tissues. Such a seal is clearly visible in the photo characterizing the chalazion below:

If, during examination, the eyelid is everted, then local reddening of the connective sheath can be noticed. Also noteworthy are more rare blinking and lagging of the affected eyelid from the healthy one during movement.

Instrumental diagnostics in this case is usually not required. However, if there is a recurrent and rapidly growing lump on the eye (chalazion), then it is imperative to carry out differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid. To do this, it is necessary to perform a histological examination of the tissues of the nodule.

Treatment to resolve the chalazion

Given the fact that the described disease affects the organ of vision, and manifests itself very noticeably, it, as a rule, does not go unnoticed. Still, the eye is a rather important and delicate organ, and therefore one simple question is of interest to a practically ill with this ailment: if a chalazion appears on the eyelid, what should I do?

The most correct answer to this question, perhaps, will be as follows: in order to understand how to remove a chalazion, you should consult a doctor, because only he can choose the right, effective way to get rid of this disease.

Like many other eye diseases, hailstones can be treated in several ways. Usually there are two of them: conservative (i.e., medical or non-surgical) and surgical (i.e., implying surgical intervention). However, often a third is added to them - folk remedies.

All these methods are designed to make the chalazion resolve or, much better, break through. But, unfortunately, not all of them guarantee that the disease will not reappear.

How to remove a chalazion on the eyelid

What to drip? In order to defeat chalazion eye disease, doctors often prescribe various eye drops that contain antibacterial components. An example is Tsipromed or drugs such as Torbadex, Oftavix and Floxal. All of them have a direct microbial-destroying effect.

In addition to them, as a rule, anti-allergic drugs are prescribed to help relieve swelling and discomfort, for example, Opanatol.

Drops that include several antibiotics and a corticosteroid drug give a very good effect, however, due to the large number of contraindications, such drugs should be used with extreme caution and always under the supervision of doctors. In particular, to similar medicines refers to Maxitrol.

What to anoint? Exist different kinds ointments to help cure eye chalazion. One of the most famous of them is tetracycline. However, there is also an ointment, which is based on a more perfect antibacterial drug- erythromycin. With its help, you can more effectively fight microbes. Hydrocortisone ointment helps to suppress the inflammatory reaction, as well as relieve swelling and itching.

The classic option, now used much less frequently than in the past, is Vishnevsky's ointment containing xeroform, tar and Castor oil. Under the influence of these components, the maturation and bursting of the "hailstone" is accelerated, as well as the source of infection is disinfected.

How to prick? eye disease chalazion is very effectively treated with injections, for which corticosteroid drugs are used, for example, such as Dexamethasone or Diprospan.

Injections are performed using a thin needle directly into the hailstone cavity, which gradually leads to its resorption.

For achievement best result against the background of such injections, corticosteroid drops are also usually used. This combination allows you to quickly defeat the inflammation of the eyelid chalazion.

To warm up or not to warm up? In its initial stage, chalazion disease can also be cured by physiotherapy methods that prevent the development of inflammation and promote the resorption of the emerging seal.

Basically, these methods include UHF therapy and dry heat compresses. However, before applying such treatment, you need to make sure that this is really a “hailstone”, and not barley, which is quite dangerous to warm up.

How to remove a chalazion by the traditional method

Surgery, in contrast to medicines, in relation to hailstones is merciless, and therefore more effective. Resorting to this method in the fight against chalazion on the eye, the doctor either follows the classical path and takes the scalpel, or, under the influence of modern trends, is armed with a laser.

The decision on which method to use is made on a case-by-case basis.

Talking about how a chalazion is removed with traditional surgical method, it is necessary, first of all, to point out the rather simple nature of this procedure. Carried out usually in an outpatient setting (but with strict implementation of aseptic and antiseptic measures), it never takes doctors a lot of time.

First, the part of the face with the affected eyelid is carefully treated with an antiseptic solution, which prevents infection from entering the surgical field. After that, a subcutaneous injection of a local anesthetic, for example, Novocain, is performed.

The removal of the "hailstone" itself consists in an incision (with a special hemostatic clamp applied) and husking of the nodule capsule and its contents. the incision can be from the inside or from outside century, depending on where exactly the chalazion is located.

The operation is completed with another treatment with an antiseptic, as well as suturing (in the event that an incision was made in the skin of the eyelid), followed by the use of a sterile eye patch and the appointment of an antibiotic-containing ointment.

All of the above actions take the operating doctor no more than 20 minutes.

A modern way to remove bumps on the eye chalazion

A modern way to remove a chalazion is laser treatment, which consists in the fact that the doctor, after performing local anesthesia, puts a fenestrated clamp on the eyelid, and then, using a diode laser beam, makes an incision in the “hailstone” capsule. Such an incision is made, as a rule, from the inside of the eyelid, and a prerequisite for its implementation is the direction of the incision line along the course of the meibomian glands.

The next step after such a dissection is the evacuation of the contents of the "hailstone". This manipulation is performed using a special tool called Volkmann's spoon.

After these actions, laser radiation is again launched: the chalazion capsule is very carefully processed by the laser from the inside. This is necessary in order to prevent the occurrence of recurrence of the disease.

At the final stage, an eye ointment with tetracycline is placed behind the eyelid, and the patient can be released home, and without a bandage. Control examination is carried out in 2-3 days.

In the case when the postoperative scar is located on the upper eyelid in the projection of the cornea, for the purpose of protection, the patient is usually prescribed to wear a soft silicone hydrogel contact lens of the required refraction. Such a measure is able not only to protect the cornea from damage, but also allows you to correct refractive errors, if necessary.

In order to prevent the development of infectious complications in the postoperative period, the doctor prescribes to the patient an antibiotic that has a wide range actions. As a rule, the drug is in the form of eye drops.

It should be noted that the treatment of "hailstones" with diode laser radiation is very effective, as well as more reliable and, most importantly, radical in comparison with conservative methods. In addition, the laser is applicable to seals of any size.

Compared to traditional surgery, the laser option is also undoubtedly more effective. First of all, it concerns the duration postoperative period and the possibility of recurrence. In addition, laser treatment of chalazion also benefits from the fact that it is an anaemic and aseptic procedure.

Chalazion burst: what to do if the chalazion broke through

In practice, a situation may arise that the chalazion burst. It should be noted right away that, according to doctors, this is much more the best option than the resorption of "hailstones" with its subsequent reappearance. However, this in itself is a rather unpleasant and frightening process. And it is quite natural that patients are always interested in the question: if a chalazion has broken through, what should I do?

First of all, don't panic. If there was a breakthrough of the "hailstone", then this fact can be called a favorable sign. This is the expected outcome of adequate treatment.

The chalazion opened: how the chalazion breaks through

Nevertheless, you should not relax after the chalazion breaks through. Treatment must be continued.

The most important measure in such cases is to provide antibacterial protection around the lesion. As a rule, to achieve this condition, it is necessary to treat with an antibacterial ointment (for example, tetracycline).

I must say that with this ailment, it is imperative to monitor the body temperature so as not to miss the abscessed chalazion. If the latter nevertheless takes place, then after the chalazion has opened, it is required to clean the capsule. This is done only by a doctor and usually under general anesthesia.

Prevention of chalazion eye disease

Prevention of chalazion primarily consists in strict hygiene. Do not wipe the organ of vision with dirty hands. If you need to scratch your eyes, wash your hands first. Contact lenses should be used carefully: do not wear them longer than the prescribed time, and also change the solution in a timely manner.

Should be avoided whenever possible stressful situations, eat well, get enough sleep, take vitamins and increase immunity. It is necessary to treat diseases that can lead to the formation of "hailstones" in a timely manner.

By following all these simple rules, you can not only protect yourself from eyelid chalazion, but also prevent the development of many other diseases.

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The term "chalazion" comes from the Greek word meaning "small knot, hailstone". Chalazion (chalazion) is a slowly developing tumor-like formation that occurs due to blockage and swelling of the sebaceous gland (meibomian gland) in the eyelid.

The meibomian glands are located inside the eyelid, just behind the eyelashes. Their number is about 50-70 in each century. These glands help keep the eyes moist by preventing the watery layer (tears) from evaporating from their surface. This is achieved due to the production of the outer layer of the tear film - lipid (consisting of fatty acids- lipids).

Often chalazion is confused with, also manifested as swelling on the eyelid. Barley is an infection of the sebaceous gland in the eyelid. It causes redness, swelling, painful swelling at the edge or inner surface of the eyelid. Styes usually occur closer to the surface of the eyelid than chalazion. Sometimes uncured barley turns into a chalazion.

Chalazion is a widespread eye problem. This disease affects people of all age groups, but more adults than children, and occurs most often between the ages of 30 and 50.

Symptoms

At first, a chalazion looks and feels just like a stye: swollen eyelid, mild pain, and irritation. However, these symptoms disappear after 1-2 days, but there remains a round, painless swelling on the eyelid, slowly growing during the first week. Rarely, the swelling continues to grow and may press on the eyeball, causing slight blurring of vision. Perhaps the formation of a red or gray spot on the back of the eyelid. If the chalazion grows very large, it can become painful.

Causes

The causes of most chalazions are not clear, but the glands can become blocked due to infection, as in barley, or due to abnormal growth, as in a tumor (although this is rare). Skin conditions that cause infection or inflammation, such as seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea, can also cause clogged glands.

In most cases, such blockages resolve on their own, and the contents come out naturally. But if this does not happen, then a chalazion is formed.

Chalazion treatment

About 25 percent of chalazion cases are asymptomatic and resolve without any treatment. For other cases, there are several methods of treatment.

self help. Hot compresses, followed by eye massage, can help clear the blockage and release the contents of the inflammation. For a compress, use napkins soaked in warm, but not scalding hot, water. The compress should be comfortable for the skin. Put it on your eyelid for about 15 minutes. Repeat this procedure 4-6 times a day. Massage the eyelid with your finger, in circular motions, directed upwards if the chalazion is on the lower eyelid, or downwards if on the upper one. You must do this within a minute. Massage will help to remove the blockage and release the accumulated contents.

Steroid injections. Steroid injections may be used to treat chalazion. This reduces inflammation within 1-2 weeks after the injection. The doctor injects steroids directly into the center of the chalazion through the integumentary tissues of the inner side of the eyelid.

Surgery. If the chalazion is very large, brings discomfort, or constantly recurs, then it may need to be surgically removed. It is performed by incision and scraping (curettage).

This procedure is usually carried out in outpatient settings or at day hospital. local anesthetic used for complete blockade pain sensitivity in the area of the eye. The operation takes about 20 minutes. After the procedure, you will be prescribed an antibacterial eye ointment. The eyelid may become swollen and bruised during the first week after surgery.

If the chalazion recurs despite treatment, it is necessary to be examined by a therapist. Sometimes a chalazion can be caused by another predisposing pathology, such as skin diseases, or (very rarely) the swelling may be malignant.

One of the most common eye diseases is chalazion of the upper eyelid. The appearance of this pathology is often confused with barley on the eye due to similar symptoms. A chalazion is characterized by a tumor-like formation ranging in size from several mm to 1 cm or more, without severe pain and signs of inflammation. The infection can join again.

On the upper eyelid, on the inside, are the sebaceous (meibomian) glands. They secrete a special secret that is necessary for lubricating the eyelids, sclera, and eyeball. Thanks to this substance, the eye does not dry out, friction is reduced, the eyeball is covered with a protective lipid film, which mixes with the tear, thereby helping to moisturize.

In case of violation normal discharge secret, blocking the ducts of the meibomian glands, lipid lubricant accumulates, forming. The accumulated secret is encapsulated over time, becoming an excellent nutrient medium for pathogenic bacteria. At this point, the inflammatory process begins, but this is an optional scenario for the development of the disease.

The chalazion capsule is very dense; at the stage of its formation, conservative treatment becomes practically useless. It is important to diagnose the disease in time and start proper treatment, preferably until the moment of compaction and registration of the accumulated secret in the capsule. If this has already happened, injections into the tumor or radical surgical removal are indicated.

Chalazion of the upper eyelid occurs with the same frequency in adults and. With a competent approach, it is possible to avoid surgery, solve the problem using a combination of home remedies and medications. On what day the chalazion of the upper eyelid will resolve, depends on its size and the correctness of the selected therapy.

If you notice some kind of seal on the upper eyelid, perhaps only the size of a small pea, do not be too lazy to go for a consultation with an ophthalmologist. The main problem of chalazion complications is an asymptomatic course, the absence of severe pain, which leads to advanced stages illness.

Complications are manifested in the form of inflammation of the tumor, an increase in its size, pain when blinking, mechanical overlap of the field of view. Do not forget that the focus of infection is located near the brain, which can lead to consequences such as meningitis. There are frequent cases of degeneration of a benign fatty bump on the eyelid into a cyst, and then into.

Causes of the disease

The main reason for the development of the disease, as mentioned above, is a violation of the outflow of the secretion of the sebaceous gland. Consider the causes of this condition.

Risk factors for developing a chalazion in the upper eyelid:

Violation of the sebaceous glands, the release of a viscous, dense secret.
The anatomical structure and tortuosity of the channels of the meibomian gland, which provokes stagnation and plugs on the outflow path.
Violation metabolic processes in organism, hormonal background, puberty.
Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, dirty hands.
Inaccurate wearing of contact lenses, false eyelashes, an overabundance of cosmetics.
Chronic systemic diseases of the body, diabetes mellitus, problems with endocrine system, immunodeficiency.
Inflammatory eye diseases - barley, blepharitis, conjunctivitis.
Eye skin disease, peeling, which can become a factor in mechanical blockage of the duct.
In children, chalazion is often a complication of colds, hypothermia, and chapping of the face.
Uncorrected farsightedness, which provokes constant squinting. The channels of the gland are constantly squeezed and can become clogged.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

If you yourself do not understand the difference and cannot distinguish a chalazion from a chalazion, consult an ophthalmologist for diagnosis. The symptoms are really similar, and if the chalazion begins with signs of inflammation of the eyelid or as a complication after barley, then it can be difficult to differentiate.

Symptoms of the development of a chalazion of the upper eyelid are identical for an adult and a child. The only thing is that in a baby, due to the underdevelopment of immunity, the disease can be brighter and more pronounced. When children get sick, the use of home remedies and traditional medicine is not recommended, immediately contact a specialist.

Clinic of chalazion on the upper eyelid:

unlike barley, a chalazion cannot be external, the tumor forms in the thickness of the eyelid;
early education small size, feels like a pea to the touch;
there is a feeling of a mote in the eye;
with an increase in the amount of accumulated secret, the swelling grows, thickens, the skin over it stretches, becomes thinner;
the formed chalazion has a clear structure, a capsule with dense contents is palpated, the skin above the capsule is mobile, easily shifts or folds;
until the moment of inflammation, except for mechanical and aesthetic inconveniences, the formation does not bother the patient in any way;
if an infection joins, the tumor becomes inflamed, upper eyelid swells, reddens, itching, lacrimation appears;
periods of inflammation can smoothly flow into remission, while forming scars;
the formation of large sizes begins to mechanically interfere with blinking, vision, put pressure on the cornea, which is accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the eyeball.

What is the best treatment for chalazion on the upper eyelid?

Treatment of a chalazion of the upper eyelid involves 4 methods, each of which is good at a certain stage of the disease. Many successfully combine different methods, which brings faster results.

Treatment methods:

Medications.
Folk ways.
Ways conservative treatment- combining points 1 and 2.
surgical method.

As mentioned above, non-surgical methods are effective until the capsule is formed, when the contents of the duct can be softened and evacuated naturally. When the capsule is organized, it is a closed space. Injections of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inside the capsule can help the tumor dissolve, but how lucky you are. If this method fails, last step is a surgical procedure.

How to cure upper eyelid chalazion without surgery

Medical treatment is divided into four main types:

- "Floxal", "Albucid", "Tobrex", "Cifran".
– mercury ointment, "Maxidex", tetracycline ointment, hydrocortisone, Vishnevsky ointment.
Injections into the tumor capsule - Kenalog, Diprospan, Triamcinolone acetate.
Physiotherapy - electrophoresis, vibromassage, UHF, heating.

Concerning folk methods hot compresses and massages are popular. For compresses, aloe juice, a decoction of chamomile, calendula, birch leaves, dill seeds are used. Dry warming is done with a boiled egg, potato or fried sea salt, which is poured into a tissue bag.

Massage is carried out in a circular motion, from the center of eyelid attachment to the periphery along the ducts of the sebaceous gland. After the massage, it is necessary to walk along the edge of the eyelid with a cotton swab, collect particles of exfoliated skin and drops of secretion.

How to remove a chalazion on the upper eyelid

The upper eyelid occurs within 15 minutes, on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia. Removal occurs microsurgical method or using a laser. These two methods are almost the same, except for the incision method (scalpel or carbon laser). All other steps are identical and are carried out manually under the control of a microscope.

The tumor is removed along with the capsule without opening the contents, which excludes infection of neighboring tissues. The incision can be outside the upper eyelid, on the skin or from the inside, from the mucosal side. In any case, scars do not remain, as a rule, after 2-3 months, all traces of the operation disappear.

See in the video how a chalazion is removed on the upper eyelid on an outpatient basis:

Prevention

There is no specific prevention, there are a number of general recommended rules, the observance of which will help prevent the disease.

Preventive measures:

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
Timely treatment of all chronic infections- blepharitis, caries, barley, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, sinusitis.
With a tendency to stagnation in the ducts of the meibomian gland, do yourself a prophylactic drainage massage eye.
Rational nutrition, a sufficient amount of vitamins in the diet.
If the cause is a chronic disease of the body, you need to fight directly with it.

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