home Calculators What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to? Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Throat - Dangerous Infection

What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to? Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Throat - Dangerous Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pseudomonas aeruginosa) causes acute pseudomonas infection. A urine test for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered indicative for detection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is pathogenic and causes disease various systems body. People with reduced immunity, elderly people and children. Therefore, timely detection is extremely important.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the urinary organs and urine

Bacteria excites various diseases urinary system, entering the body due to:

surgical interventions;
examination requiring the use of instruments;
applications aids, for example, a urinary catheter.

Pathological reasons for the accelerated proliferation of microbes are:

urolithiasis;
organ maturation defect genitourinary system(congenital pathology).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to approximately 35% of all diseases observed in the urinary system of the body. The infection can develop over more than one month or year, having chronic nature. It is carried by the bloodstream from urinary system. But it can, on the contrary, get into the blood through genitourinary organs from other parts of the body. Infectious inflammatory process may occur in transplanted organs, such as kidneys.

Symptoms of infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection can manifest as pain in the lower abdomen.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes the development of diseases in the urinary system, similar to other diseases caused by other bacteria. It is common for a microorganism to cause inflammation that occurs long time with repeated exacerbations: cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis. One of the signs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is the formation of ulcers on the surface Bladder, ureter or renal pelvis. Visible symptoms of inflammation caused by infection include:

cutting pain in the lower abdomen;
frequent bowel movements accompanied by a burning sensation;
lumbar pain (pulling);
temperature increase;
detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the urine.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a child

Children are more susceptible to infection than adults. Number of cases infectious diseases this type is 10 times more common in children. Infants under 1 year of age are at risk. The route of infection in this group is umbilical wound. But the route of entry can be either upward or from other infected systems through the bloodstream. Once in the organs of the urinary system, the microorganism causes the same inflammatory processes as in adults (cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis).

As in an adult, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a long-term illness in a child. A transition to chronic form. One of the symptoms of the development of infection is the appearance of urine that has a greenish tint, since it is the urinary tract. A child can be a wand carrier for a long time without visible symptoms. But this increases the risk of spreading the bacteria to family members and other children.

To confirm the presence of a stick in the body, it is recommended to conduct a bacteriological examination of blood, urine, nails, mucus from the nose or other biomaterials that will identify the cause infectious inflammation. The material for analysis depends on the system of bacterial infection and the location of the disease. To check in urinary organs a patient's urine sample is used. Women are shown a smear of the vagina and cervix.

A urine test will help determine the presence of the rod in the human body.

It is advisable to undergo an examination and have your urine tested before starting to use any antibiotics to treat the infection, as this may affect the result. Simultaneously with checking the urine, in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be detected, the patient undergoes an antibiogram. This test tests the pathogen's sensitivity to specific set antibacterial drugs. This will allow you to choose the right therapeutic tactics.

Photo: Wikipedia Pseudomonas aeruginosa: symptoms and treatment Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a genus of gram-negative aerobic non-spore-forming bacteria - Pseudomonas. For many people, Pseudomonas aeruginosa only causes minor symptoms. However, if a person has a weakened immune system, the threat can be very serious and life-threatening.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - microbiology

Pseudomonas is a common genus of bacteria that can cause infections in the body under certain circumstances. There are many different types bacteria Pseudomonas. Only a few types can cause infection.

Pseudomonas typically live and reproduce in water, soil, and wet areas. The warmer and more humid, the better conditions for the growth of bacteria.

Surgical procedures or open wounds may increase the risk of infection. People with weakened immune system are also susceptible to severe Pseudomonas infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause ear and skin infections, especially after exposure to water.

There are certain groups of people who are vulnerable to Pseudomonas infections. These include people:

with burn wounds;

have undergone surgery;

using a catheter;

undergoing chemotherapy;

having diabetes;

diagnosed with cystic fibrosis;

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - symptoms

Areas of the body that are affected by the infection are the ears, skin, lungs, soft fabrics and blood. General symptoms infections include:

Ears - pain, itching and discharge from the ear;

Skin - rash;

Eyes - pain and redness;

Lungs: pneumonia, cough;

Soft tissue - discharge of green pus and a sweet, fruity odor;

Blood - joint pain and stiffness, fever, chills and weakness;

Other possible symptoms - headache, diarrhea or urinary tract infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - diagnosis

To diagnose a Pseudomonas infection, your doctor will ask about any recent activities that may be relevant, such as swimming or using hot bath. He will also conduct a physical examination. The doctor will order a blood or fluid test to confirm the diagnosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - treatment

Antibiotics - the best option treating Pseudomonas or other bacterial infections.

Some varieties of Pseudomonas require an aggressive approach using powerful drugs. The sooner treatment begins, the more effective it is to stop the infection. This is especially true in a hospital environment. Bacteria in hospitals are regularly exposed to antibiotics and, over time, develop resistance to these drugs. This makes treatment difficult.

Once doctors determine what type of Pseudomonas bacteria is causing the infection, the doctor will combine drugs to make the treatment effective. Most Pseudomonas infections go away without treatment or after minimal treatment. If symptoms are uncomplicated, there is no need to treat the infection.

Throughout a person's life, a wide variety of infectious diseases. Moreover, among them there are quite a few that arise due to the fault of such a pathogen as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is not so easy to fight it since it is immune to many modern antimicrobials. It is called so because any environment in which this pathogen lives and conducts its life activities acquires a green-blue hue.

Experts identify several main ways in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be transmitted from infected patients to healthy people:

Experts say that the most likely carriers of infection are patients with pneumonia or purulent wounds. Helping such people is very difficult. Moreover, even if you carry out necessary measures at the initial stage of disease development, then this does not guarantee obtaining the desired result.

Symptoms and pathogenesis

The disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can occur in different areas body. The symptoms and mechanism of its development depend on this. The location of the outbreak of inflammation depends on how exactly the infection entered the body. Sometimes specialists have to deal with very neglected cases when a person’s disease affects several organs at once:

CNS infection. Experts pay special attention to this pathology due to the rather severe course of the inflammatory process. During its development, the disease goes through two stages - primary and secondary inflammation. In the first case, the infection penetrates the central nervous system as a result of spinal tap, previously received head injuries by the patient, carrying out spinal anesthesia. Concerning secondary lesion, then it can occur through blood from other foci of infection.

If you analyze clinical picture Pseudomonas aeruginosa, then two main forms of infection can be distinguished - meningitis and meningoencephalitis. As a rule, these diseases are provoked by the active activity of another pathogen. At the same time, the clinical picture of these pathologies is often similar, which for a person becomes big problem, since it is very difficult for him to determine what exactly he is sick with - pseudomonas meningitis or meningoencephalitis. This, in turn, creates difficulties in choosing adequate treatment.

Ear diseases. There are many cases where, due to the fault of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, such a common disease as otitis externa. It can be determined by the presence bloody discharge, of a permanent nature. Some patients may also complain of ear pain. This bacterium can also cause damage to the middle ear and mastoid process.

Infection in the throat. Define it pathological condition possible by the presence of edema and redness of the mucous membrane, painful discomfort in the throat, inflammation of the tonsils, cracks in the lips, as well as elevated body temperature.

Diseases of the nose. Pseudomonas aeruginosa may cause chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. Diagnostics similar disease complicated due to the fact that it may have a similar clinical picture as with ailments caused by completely different microbes.

Gastrointestinal infection. Experts often associate disruption of work with the penetration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the body. digestive tract. Adults with weakened immune systems, as well as newborn children, are more susceptible to this. However, each of them inflammatory process goes through several stages of development. It all starts with a hidden period that lasts 2-3 hours.

This period can be characterized as the time from the entry of microorganisms into the body until the appearance of symptoms characteristic of this disease. Sometimes the duration of the latent period can be increased to 5 days. How quickly the disease manifests itself and with what severity depends largely on the person’s age.

If the bacteria enters the body small child, then it can cause damage to the large or small intestine. If the case turns out to be particularly advanced, the inflammation can spread to the stomach. With this pathology, the child has elevated temperature body, there are attacks of vomiting, getting worse general health . Additional symptom, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of diagnosing the disease, is green liquid stool with mucus. In cases where children are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa school age or adults, the disease manifests itself with symptoms characteristic of food poisoning:

soft tissue diseases and skin. The main ways through which Pseudomonas aeruginosa can enter the human body are through damaged skin, deep wounds, ulcers and bedsores. There are often cases when the inflammatory process is diagnosed in infants and adults with weakened immune systems.
Infection in the urinary organs. In most cases, inflammation has to be diagnosed in children, the elderly and patients with weakened immune systems. Clinically, the infection manifests itself by the development of diseases such as pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis.
lung disease. Although people of any age are susceptible to the disease, most often the disease is registered in children in the first two years of their life. If Pseudomonas aeruginosa enters a person’s lungs, it is often causes pneumonia, which takes on a long and severe course. This is because it is used for treatment traditional means unsafe.
Infection in the eyes. Often the inflammatory process has to be diagnosed in people who have previously received injuries to the eyeball or have undergone surgery on the organs of vision. On the background active work bacteria quickly begins to develop conjunctivitis, keratitis or panophthalmitis. For a person, this ends with unpleasant pain in the eye, a feeling of the presence of a foreign object in eyeball. Some patients may even have purulent discharge. In such situations, it is important to start treatment in a timely manner, otherwise the patient will only feel worse and may ultimately even lose sight.

The course of the disease in children

Diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children deserve special attention, because they have a more severe course than in adults. This is explained by the incompletely formed child's immunity. You also need to understand that Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause the development of dangerous diseases that a child’s body will simply not be able to cope with. During the entire period of monitoring this infection in children, experts were able to identify a number of characteristic features diseases caused by this pathogen:

diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are diagnosed 10 times more often in children than in adult patients;
More often than others, this bacterium affects premature babies and newborns in the first months of their life;
getting into children's body, the bacterium can remain there for a very long time, so such children become dangerous to healthy ones;
cases of infection in school-age children are very rare;
in most cases, the bacterium enters the child’s body through the umbilical cord, skin and gastrointestinal tract;
most difficult character inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract occurs. The fact is that with this disease the child experiences severe dehydration and symptoms of poisoning.

Consequences

According to statistics, the infection is quite severe in the body. Doctors cannot save more than 70% of patients diagnosed with meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia and intestinal infections even with timely treatment.

In all other cases, even if the patient seeks medical care when his illness progressed to chronic form, he can count on recovery. But people suffering from cystic fibrosis caused by this infection should not expect such a favorable prognosis. Treatment of such patients is very complicated, since traditional means of therapy do not have the desired effect on the body.

Treatment and prevention

Before prescribing treatment, the doctor must confirm the diagnosis. To do this, he takes a culture from the inflamed area and blood to ensure the presence of bacterial antigens. You can effectively fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa only if you use A complex approach treatment which provides:

Quite often, patients who have been prescribed complex treatment, including a vaccine, prebiotics and probiotics, vitamins and bacteriophages, are not limited to these drugs. At the same time, they are trying to help themselves with folk remedies. However, it should be borne in mind that they should only act as an adjunct to the main treatment. Most often, people use the following folk remedies for such purposes:

decoction of viburnum berries;
a decoction of aspen, lingonberry and horsetail leaves;
mixture-based lotions sunflower oil and oils tea tree;
ointments with propolis.

Prevention

It is incredibly difficult to protect your body from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, since it is immune to many disinfectants:

Conclusion

IN medical practice There are many known infectious diseases that arise due to this dangerous pathogen, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is incredibly difficult to treat such diseases because this bacterium is resistant to many modern medications. That is why often even doctors with extensive experience cannot save patients with certain ailments.

However, there is still a chance for a cure. The main thing is to start treatment on time. You can choose the right one only together with a specialist who, after confirming the diagnosis, will make a list of the most effective drugs for the treatment of a patient's illness. However, the patient himself must take an active part in his own recovery. To do this, you can use folk remedies that will support the immune system so that the body can more actively resist bacteria.

Description of the infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a very dangerous infection caused by aerobic microbes. When they enter the body, they infect internal organs, muscles, skin, and the worst thing - the central nervous system and certain areas of the brain. These harmful microbes external environment live in colonies. The products of their vital activity are dangerous for humans. They are toxic and cause poisoning. For example, these include endotoxins and endohemolysins, which affect

vascular walls that interfere with blood circulation and liver function. They also destroy white blood cells. These microbes are not afraid of traditional antibiotics and antiseptics.

How can you get infected?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa lives in the bodies of humans and animals. They are basically the main sources of infection. Everything happens the same as with other intestinal infections. It is transmitted in everyday life through household items, by airborne droplets, if the patient’s lungs are affected, with direct contact, if any purulent wounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa waits its time in water and soil. It gets there directly from sick people or animals, and also due to Wastewater or defective sewerage. This infection is also classified as a hospital infection, since it is not uncommon for the source of the disease to be medical instruments or materials for blood transfusions. There are known cases of mass infection of patients in several clinics. The pathogen can enter the body through the mouth, mucous membranes, urinary tract and open wounds.

Signs of illness

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very dangerous because the main victims are small children. Infants, weakened and premature infants are especially susceptible to it. This is easy prey for infection. The onset of the disease is usually rapid, but can also be sluggish. The disease begins with a general deterioration in health, an increase in temperature to 39-40 degrees. Vomiting appears, liquid stools are green in color, with a strong unpleasant odor, sometimes streaked with blood. The baby's tummy will be swollen and touching it will be painful. Parents should suspect that this is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment folk remedies is not carried out. Only in a hospital, only under the supervision of a doctor! If you delay the treatment, internal bleeding may occur, and this threatens the death of the baby. In addition, the infection leaves behind serious complications. If you explain

figuratively, the bacteria destroy the organ where they entered. For example, ulcers appear all over small intestine, pneumonia and other disorders of the lungs (up to respiratory arrest), loss of vision, meningitis, sepsis and so on.

Disease prevention

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very terrible disease. The task of parents is to protect their children from infection. The main rule is to try to allow less strangers to your baby. There is no need for the baby to have contact with strangers. After all, people can be carriers of anything without knowing it. Maintain your hygiene strictly. If you are in a hospital, take the time to ask how instruments are sterilized. Insist that the bulk of them be disposable.

Pseudomonas infection is one of the clinical forms diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, manifested by purulent-necrotic enterocolitis (in young children) or food poisoning(in older children).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is currently the most common causative agent of nosocomial infection. The most common clinical forms of the disease are pneumonia, purulent meningitis, and sepsis. The gastrointestinal form occurs almost exclusively in newborns, especially premature infants, as well as in older children with primary or secondary immunodeficiency.

Etiology. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, family Pseudomonadaceae. This is a gram-negative motile rod, an obligate aerobe, produces green and blue pigments, produces exotoxins A, B, C, which are highly toxic, as well as hemolysins, enterotoxin, leukocidin, collagenase, elastase and other proteinases. Produces a glycocalyx (mucus-like capsule), presumably related to its pathogenicity.

There are 13 serogroups based on the somatic O-antigen, and about 60 serovars based on the flagellar H-antigen.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is insensitive to many antibiotics and weakly sensitive to widely used antiseptics.

Epidemiology . Pseudomonas aeruginosa is widespread in nature: it is found in soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many animals. It can be detected in hand wash cultures medical personnel, household items, medical instruments, especially in intensive care units and intensive care, maternity hospitals, surgical hospitals.

The source of infection is patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Particularly dangerous are persons with open foci of infection: festering wounds, pneumonia, intestinal dysfunction. The source can also be healthy carriers of Pseudomonas bacteria.

Transmission of the infection occurs primarily through contact, household and food routes. Children are more often infected through contact and household contact. Infection usually occurs in maternity hospital, departments for premature babies, in case of violation of the sanitary and hygienic regime and rules of care for newborns.

In addition to newborns, children in the first months of life are also susceptible. With age, susceptibility decreases. In older children age groups Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occurs rarely and only against the background of severe burns or in patients with various chronic purulent processes, after surgical operations, in children treated in a hospital for a long time hormonal drugs and immunosuppressants.

In hospital settings, outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection are possible, but sporadic incidence is more often recorded.

Pathogenesis. There is a primary intestinal infection of pseudomonas etiology (gastroenteritis and enterocolitis), which has an exogenous origin, and a secondary one - as a consequence of intestinal dysbiosis. Defeat gastrointestinal tract may occur secondarily as a result of the introduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the intestine from other foci of infection, for example, in sepsis, pneumonia, etc.

In the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection with exogenous infection, the leading role is played by exotoxins (A, B, C, hemolysin, enterotoxin, etc.), which have both local and overall impact. Endogenous infection as a result of dysbiosis occurs almost exclusively in weakened children in the first months of life. In the pathogenesis of such variants plays great importance high invasiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rapidly developing bacteremia with a tendency to develop generalized, septic forms of the disease.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection very often develops as a mixed infection with staphylococcus, Klebsiella, salmonella and other opportunistic bacteria.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins cause inflammation in the intestines varying intensity- from mild catarrhal to fibrinous-necrotic and even ulcerative-necrotic. In children who died from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an autopsy reveals dilated intestinal loops filled with mucous-green or bloody fluid, diffuse hyperemia of the mucous membranes, in places with hemorrhagic impregnation and loose fibrinous deposits. There may be an increase in lymphoid accumulations with superficial necrosis of the follicles and their ulcerations. Desquamation of the epithelium is characteristic: purulent melting of the crypts, pronounced leukocyte infiltration.

Particularly profound changes develop in the intestines when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with staphylococcus, salmonella and other opportunistic microbes. In these cases, foci of necrosis occur with the rapid formation of erosions and ulcers.

Clinical picture . The disease often occurs as enterocolitis, less often as gastroenteritis (foodborne toxic infection).

With enterocolitic form incubation period lasts 2-5 days. The disease begins gradually with deterioration general condition, low-grade body temperature, regurgitation, worsening stool. The leading symptom is moderate toxicosis with gradually progressive exicosis. Stools are usually frequent - from 5 to 20 times a day, loose, foul-smelling, with big amount mucus, greenery, often blood. Sometimes there is severe intestinal bleeding. The course of the disease is long, often undulating. At the same time, subfebrile or moderately elevated body temperature, anorexia, loss of body weight, bloating, rumbling along the intestines, irritation around the anus and on the buttocks persist with great constancy. There is no spasm or pain in the sigmoid colon. The duration of toxicosis is about 7-10 days. Recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks.

The gastroenteric form occurs rarely, only in older children. In these cases, infection occurs through the food route. The incubation period is only a few hours. The disease begins acutely with nausea, repeated vomiting of eaten food, and pain in the epigastric region. Body temperature often remains normal or low-grade. The stool is mushy or liquid, with a small amount of mucus and greens, up to 5-8 times a day. More severe forms are also possible. The severity of the patients' condition is mainly due to the phenomena of general toxicosis; intestinal disorders do not dominate.

Depending on the severity of symptoms of intoxication and intestinal disorders distinguish between light, medium and severe forms diseases. The criteria for assessing severity are the same as for other intestinal infections.

Diagnosis. The diagnosis can be made only on the basis of a combination of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data. However, the sowing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pure culture from feces, vomit, gastric lavage, blood, pus, sputum, as well as the increase specific antibodies in the dynamics of the disease in RA with an autostrain or RPGA.

Treatment. Therapy intestinal diseases Pseudomonas aeruginosa etiology is very difficult due to the high resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the antibiotics used. The number of antibiotic-resistant strains is constantly growing. Currently, the antibiotics of choice for intestinal pseudomonas infection are gentamicin, carbenicillin, and polymyxin M sulfate. Nitrofuran drugs are also prescribed. Treatment should be comprehensive with mandatory general stimulating therapy (immunoglobulin, pentoxyl, methyluracil, etc.), a wide range of bacterial preparations and enzymes, as well as careful selection of antibacterial drugs, taking into account the sensitivity of the isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.

Prevention . Anti-epidemic measures are the same as for other intestinal infections caused by opportunistic bacteria.

Source: Nisevich N. I., Uchaikin V. F. Infectious diseases in children: Textbook. - M.: Medicine, 1990, -624 p., ill. (Educational literature for student medical institute, pediatric faculty.)