home Adviсe Sinus tachycardia: causes and treatment. Sinus tachycardia: types, causes, treatment

Sinus tachycardia: causes and treatment. Sinus tachycardia: types, causes, treatment

An increase in the number of heartbeats that are born in the sinus node. At rest, the number of heartbeats is more than 90 per minute. With heavy physical exertion, the normal regular sinus rhythm increases to 150-160 per minute (in athletes - up to 200-220).

Sinus tachycardia in itself cannot be considered as an arrhythmia. On the contrary, it represents a physiological response to a range of stressful situations such as fever, decreased blood volume, anxiety, exercise, thyrotoxicosis, hypoxemia, or congestive heart failure.

Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a gradual onset and cessation.

Causes of sinus tachycardia

The cause of sinus tachycardia may be an increase in sympathetic or inhibition of parasympathetic influences on the sinus node; it may appear as normal reaction during physical exertion, as a compensatory reaction in case of myocardial damage, hypoxic conditions, in the presence of hormonal changes (thyrotoxicosis), in asthenic children with a "hanging" heart.

The so-called constitutional tachycardia (associated with impaired autonomic regulation) is possible. ECG with sinus tachycardia is characterized by a shortening of the R-R, P-Q, Q-T interval, an enlarged and slightly pointed P wave. Sinus tachycardia may occur in the form of paroxysms, but from. paroxysmal tachycardia, it is distinguished by a gradual (rather than sudden) normalization of the rhythm.

A common cause of sinus tachycardia are vegetative influences associated with an increase in sympathetic tone. nervous system or decreased tone vagus nerve. This common symptom neurocirculatory dystonia. It is often only short-term, for example, with physical or emotional stress, with anger or fear, or appears when the body changes position.

An undertrained heart is characterized by an inadequate increase in heart rate during and after exercise. Sinus tachycardia can also be observed with lesions of the central nervous system or with hyperkinetic syndrome.

Thyrotoxicosis often leads to sinus tachycardia. With fever, the rhythm frequency usually increases by 8 to 10 beats per 1 ° C increase in temperature (with the exception of some infectious diseases). Heart failure often leads to sinus tachycardia.

Sinus tachycardia is characteristic of aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension, constrictive pericarditis. It is observed in acute myocarditis and pericarditis. Tachycardia is very characteristic symptom chronic cor pulmonale, various anemias, liver and kidney diseases, etc.

The reason for it may be reflex influences from the organs abdominal cavity etc. Pharmacological and toxic influences can also cause sinus tachycardia, primarily when exposed to vagolytic, sympathomimetic agents, chlorpromazine, etc.

Sinus tachycardia is often observed in completely healthy people. It happens with the abuse of strong coffee, tea, alcohol, excessive smoking, etc. Congenital or familial cases of sinus tachycardia have also been described.

Symptoms of sinus tachycardia

Symptoms of sinus tachycardia is an increase in heart rate of more than 90 per minute, against the background of the correct heart rhythm. Patients may experience increased heart rate and fatigue. Sinus tachycardia can be determined by counting the pulse and passing an ECG study.

With mild tachycardia, specific treatment not required. Sometimes drugs that slow down the heart rate (beta blockers) may be prescribed, the dose is selected by the doctor for each patient individually.

Self-administration of these drugs can cause a sharp slowing of the pulse, heart block and loss of consciousness.

Treatment of sinus tachycardia

Treatment of sinus tachycardia, develops primarily in the treatment of the disease that caused the tachycardia. As a rule, after treatment of the underlying disease, tachycardia disappears. Rarely, drugs that slow the heart rate are required.

More often in such situations, small doses of B-blockers are prescribed, for example, atenolol at a dose of 25-50 mg per day in one dose and tachycardia disappears, consult your doctor, always read the instructions and contraindications in detail.

Prevention of tachycardia

Prevention of tachycardia, first of all, consists in treating the underlying disease that causes tachycardia. It is also necessary to identify and sanitize all chronic foci of inflammation and their treatment.

These can be sick teeth, gums, chronic diseases of the nasopharynx, chronic inflammatory diseases genitourinary system and others. These diseases can greatly aggravate the course of this type of arrhythmia.

In addition, at the age of 40 years and above, the cause of tachycardia is mainly atherosclerosis of the heart vessels. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is an important factor prevention of arrhythmias.

Questions and answers on the topic "Sinus tachycardia"

Question:Hello! I am 27 years old, 11 weeks pregnant. Sinus tachycardia was put on the ECG, the therapist in the LCD prescribed motherwort - dragee. There was no dragee, I bought tea. There are many articles on the Internet that motherwort is even useful for pregnant women, but in the instructions on the pack, pregnancy is indicated as a contraindication. Can you please tell me if you can drink this tea?

Answer: Good afternoon I believe tea is not an adequate substitute for dragees. It can be used as part of many other drugs.

Question:Hello. I am 38 weeks pregnant and have been diagnosed with sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 100 bpm. Syndrome of preexcitation of the ventricles. The doctor prescribed Conocor-Cor, said that she might have to do C-section. If I refuse a caesarean, what are the consequences?

Answer: The decision is still up to you. These diagnoses are not absolute contraindication to natural childbirth. Consult with a cardiologist.

Question:Hello dear doctor! My age is 21 years old, I suffer from sinus tachycardia. When they did an ECG, I was very worried and the pulse was 120-135, respectively, and during the day I usually have 80-95 beats. in the evening it can generally be 65-75, but if I'm worried it always rises to 130-140 beats. in a minute. I was diagnosed with NCD, I have increased nervousness, but otherwise there were no changes in the heart, the tests are normal. Tell me, can I give birth with sinus tachycardia? Is it dangerous for the unborn child? Thanks for the answer!

Answer: Dear Elena, it is necessary to find out what is the cause of sinus tachycardia. Have you checked the function thyroid gland (TSH hormones, T3, T4)? What do you take to cope with " increased nervousness"? Have you consulted a neurologist-vegetologist? Are you already pregnant or planning? What kind of tests did you take (if possible, attach them)? Do you drink coffee, tea, alcohol and in what quantity or medicines? In addition to palpitations, are you worried about interruptions in the work of the heart, increased fatigue?

Question:I was diagnosed with sinus tachycardia weeks ago, I am 18 years old. How to treat it and is it dangerous?

Answer: Sinus tachycardia - given state characterized by a resting heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute. We often feel such a heartbeat after physical exertion (in this case this is not a pathology), but if this condition is observed at rest, then it is considered pathological. It is necessary to find out the reasons for the occurrence of such a rhythm: endocrine diseases(adrenal or thyroid disease), heart disease, excessive consumption stimulants (caffeine, smoking). Depending on the reasons identified, adequate treatment. You need a personal consultation with a cardiologist.

The heart contracts under the influence of impulses that the sinus node produces. If, under the influence of certain reasons, it begins to produce impulses at an increased speed, sinus tachycardia occurs. It represents a significant increase in heart rate (in an adult - above 90 beats per minute, in a child - 10% higher age norm) while maintaining a normal rhythm. Physiologically caused tachycardia is not dangerous and is considered a variant of the norm, pathological - indicates serious illness and requires treatment.

Why does the disease occur

Sinusoidal tachycardia can occur at any age, but it is slightly more common in women than in men. An increase in sinus rhythm due to physical exertion is a normal response of the body to stress, due to the need for additional blood flow to the internal organs to provide them with oxygen. It is typical for children under 7 years of age and athletes, and can also appear after drinking coffee, alcohol, certain drugs, or with a sudden change in body position.

An alarming signal is a pronounced tachycardia of the pathological type. It develops in calm state or becomes a complication of some disease, therefore, requires careful diagnosis.

Intracardiac factors

Intracardiac causes of sinus tachycardia are directly related to abnormalities in the work of the heart. In most cases, the disease develops due to the pathology of the left ventricle, in which the myocardium begins to contract at an accelerated pace. Under such conditions, the heart cavities do not have time to fill with blood during diastole, and the release of blood into the bloodstream decreases.

Among other intracardiac factors leading to sinus tachycardia, there are:

Extracardiac factors

Also cause sinus tachycardia various pathologies that develop outside the heart cavities. In women (less often in men), this disease can be provoked endocrine disorders, including:

anemia;
renal colic;
thyrotoxicosis;
hypoxemia;
pheochromocytoma.

IN separate view neurogenic tachycardia stands out, which is more susceptible to young boys and girls with an unstable nervous system. This pathology is caused by neuroses, neurocirculatory dystonia, psychoses of the affective type.

Often, sinus tachycardia is provoked by infectious and inflammatory diseases:

angina;
tuberculosis;
pneumonia;
sepsis.

In such cases, the sinus rhythm becomes more frequent following an increase in temperature. With untimely detection and treatment, tachycardia turns into chronic stage and becomes irreversible.

How the disease manifests itself

The clinical picture of sinus tachycardia is determined by many factors. Among them - the nature of the underlying disease, the duration and intensity of symptoms. With a moderate course of sinus tachycardia, the heart rate reaches 90-120 beats per minute. This condition does not threaten health and indicates that a normal physiological mechanism has been activated to overcome emotional overstrain or increased physical exertion. Symptoms are usually mild or completely absent.

If the pulse quickens to 150-180 beats per minute, severe tachycardia is diagnosed. It is accompanied by the following symptoms:

There are also inadequate and adequate sinus tachycardia. Attacks in both cases are accompanied by similar symptoms. However, with inadequate tachycardia, rapid heart rate does not decrease even at rest and after taking medication.

If a person has comorbidities heart, including atherosclerosis coronary arteries heart palpitations can exacerbate signs of heart failure or cause angina.

With severe pathology, dizziness is sometimes followed by fainting, which indicates a violation of blood delivery to organs due to reduced cardiac output. In case of damage to the cerebral vessels, focal neurological disorders. If the tachycardia takes on a protracted character, a gradual drop in pressure occurs, develops arterial hypotension. In parallel, urination becomes difficult, legs and arms freeze.

Diagnostics

If sinus tachycardia is suspected, only a cardiologist can make a correct diagnosis. First, the doctor will conduct a thorough survey of the patient. Then he will appoint him laboratory and clinical studies:

Complete blood count (sinus tachycardia can be provoked by leukemia or anemia).
Blood and urine tests for the content of thyroid hormones.
ECG (analysis of the rhythm and heart rate to exclude ventricular tachycardia, the treatment of which is slightly different).
Ultrasound of the heart (assessment of the functions of valves and myocardium reveals hypertension, ischemia of the heart vessels, heart defects).
Holter ECG monitoring (monitoring of myocardial parameters 24 hours a day to analyze its work in sleep and wakefulness modes).

On ECG sinus tachycardia will look like this:

in adults, the teeth practically do not differ from the norm; in children, a smoothed or negative prong T;
intervals R-R, Q-T and T-P are noticeably shortened (the P wave in some cases is superimposed on T from the previous complex);
with severe tachycardia, the ST segment is displaced below the isoline.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of sinus tachycardia should be prescribed by a doctor based on test results. Most likely, he will prescribe drugs, and also recommend that the patient exclude factors that provoke an increase in heart rate:

In addition to tablets, folk proven remedies are sometimes used. However, this is possible only in case of agreement with the attending physician.

Treatment in the hospital

The main method of treating sinus tachycardia is medication, aimed at eliminating the root cause of arrhythmia, that is, the underlying disease. The patient is managed by a cardiologist, but sometimes consultations of other specialists are also required, including a neurologist and an endocrinologist.

Patients are shown taking the following medications:

sedatives;
beta blockers;
calcium antagonists.

If conservative therapy does not give the expected result, the patient is prescribed transvenous RFA of the heart. This procedure is a cauterization of the affected area of the heart, due to which the heart rate is normalized. In severe cases of the disease, the patient is implanted with a pacemaker as an artificial pacemaker.

Traditional medicine methods

In the arsenal traditional medicine to restore normal sinus rhythm, there are a variety of tinctures and decoctions based on herbal preparations. However, the patient must remember that self-medication in this case is unacceptable. Home remedies can only be used in combination with basic therapies and only with the permission of a doctor.

Valerian and motherwort tincture

To prepare medical fee, take 200 g of dried motherwort and valerian roots, as well as 100 g of yarrow and anise. Mix the ingredients. 1 st. l. herbs pour a glass of boiling water, leave to infuse for half an hour. Drink in equal portions throughout the day.

Alcohol tincture on lemon balm

Melissa soothes and evens out emotional background, therefore, has long been used by traditional healers for the treatment of sinus tachycardia. Pour 100 g of dried grass with a glass of alcohol, leave to infuse under a tight lid for 10 days. Then strain and drink 4 times a day, 1 tbsp. l., diluted in 50 ml of water.

Signs of sinus tachycardia are most often found in healthy people when they play sports, smoke a cigarette, drink alcohol or strong coffee. Therefore, to prevent the disease, it is necessary to fight bad habits and monitor the amount of physical activity. If sinus tachycardia is caused certain diseases It is important to undergo a medical diagnosis on time. In most cases, medicines help to normalize well-being.

Inappropriate (excessive, inadequate) sinus tachycardia - a syndrome characterized by unexpectedly fast sinus rhythm at rest / or with minimal physical activity, is manifested by a spectrum of symptoms, including palpitations, weakness, fatigue, pre-syncope. The acceleration of the heart rate with minimal physical activity exceeds the allowable limits, and recovery takes long time. Sinus tachycardia, even excessively fast, is usually a reversible condition with an explainable cause, and the rhythm rate is appropriate for the circumstances. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a longer term problem that is not easily explained.

Normal sinus rhythm and its regulation

The heart of healthy people at rest beats with a frequency of 50 - 90 beats per minute. The sinus node is under constant control of a multicomponent hierarchical structure. The main controlling role is played by the influences of the autonomic (vegetative) nervous system, which regulate the flow of ions through the membrane of the cells of the sinus node, changing their automatism. Important role belongs to hormonal influences.

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Clinical manifestations

There is no heart rate at which one could say that this is inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Patients with this disease usually have a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute during the day, and an average of more than 90 beats per minute per day. (according to the Holter ECG monitoring) which cannot be explained physiological needs or conditions that usually result in an increased heart rate. Patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia usually have multiple symptoms: palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, presyncope, but symptoms may not depend on heart rate.

Often, accompanying emotional and psychological problems, but their association with inappropriate sinus tachycardia is inconclusive. If the treatment of tachycardia alone can relieve the annoying symptoms, then this condition is the leading problem. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia can be difficult to distinguish from a normal physiological response or from postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Epidemiology of inappropriate sinus tachycardia

Most patients are young and female, but the exact prevalence of the disease is unknown. Episodes of tachycardia tend to occur suddenly and persist for months or years. The prognosis is favorable in most cases. Perhaps the only reason for the favorable prognosis is that although patients have an accelerated rhythm, it still slows down during sleep. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia rarely leads to tachycardiomyopathy, although isolated cases have been reported.

Causes of inappropriate sinus tachycardia

Proposed mechanisms of inappropriate sinus tachycardia:

internal violation of the activity of the sinus node (channelopathy),
reduced parasympathetic activity,
decreased sensitivity of muscarinic receptors,
decreased vagal activation,
the presence of autoantibodies to beta receptors,
excessive activity of baroreceptors,
exposure to vasoactive intestinal peptide,
the effect of histamine
effects of norepinephrine
the effect of adrenaline
activation of serotonin receptors.

Thus, it is assumed that in addition to problems directly with the sinus node, problems with nervous regulation, hormonal regulation And autoimmune processes. The true universal mechanism for inappropriate sinus tachycardia, if any, has not yet been discovered.

Diagnosis of inappropriate sinus tachycardia

The diagnosis of inappropriate sinus tachycardia requires the exclusion of conditions that can lead to an increase in sinus rhythm (corresponding sinus tachycardia) which include exercise, anxiety, panic attacks, pain. Medications(anticholinergics, catecholamines), alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, withdrawal of beta-blockers increase the frequency of sinus rhythm. Excessive influences of the central nervous system on the rhythm frequency can cause cerebral stroke, head trauma, especially with damage to the brain stem. However, many patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, with the exception of this standing, are practically healthy. Therefore, at the stage of medical care, it is advisable to exclude the impact of chemical stimulants and drugs (for example, insulin).

There is also a frequent association of inappropriate sinus tachycardia with mental illness(schizophrenia, depression, panic disorder and etc.)

The diagnosis of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is based on the detection of persistent sinus tachycardia on repeat ECG or Holter monitoring. Invasive electrophysiological studies do not provide necessary information to establish a diagnosis. When evaluating sinus tachycardia, it is necessary to take into account whether it is persistent or paroxysmal. Careful analysis of the 12-lead ECG allows you to assess the morphology of the P waves. If they are similar to those in a normal sinus rhythm, inappropriate sinus tachycardia is possible. But it should be rejected when paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is detected. If the tachycardia occurs gradually after the transition to a vertical position, it is advisable to study on an inclined table to rule out postural orthostatic tachycardia.

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a diagnosis that is born with the exclusion of all known causes tachycardia. If the cause is found, there is no question of inappropriate sinus tachycardia.

Treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia

Treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia has two goals. This is the control of symptoms and a decrease in heart rate. A decrease in heart rate does not always lead to relief of symptoms. There is controversy among experts about the need for treatment in asymptomatic patients, because treatment can cause more harm than the tachycardia itself. In inappropriate sinus tachycardia, no treatment is able to reduce the heart rate and stop the symptoms completely and effectively, which is a consequence of the complexity of the problem and the incomplete understanding of the causes of the disease.

Many treatment regimens have been proposed for patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, but none have been fully tested. Beta blockers even in large doses are usually ineffective. Other treatments have been proposed (fludrocortisone, volume loading, phenobarbital, clonidine, erythropoietin, etc.), but all of them are not well tested and may cause side effects. The effectiveness of physical training has been shown, and in patients with anxiety states- combinations of beta-blockers and benzodiazepines. In particular severe cases apply a surgical effect on the sinus node - radiofrequency or surgical ablation. Big hopes suggests the use of ivabradine and its combination with beta-blockers and calcium antagonists.

The modern approach to the diagnosis and treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is as follows:

Determination of the presence of sinus tachycardia and its persistence. Exclusion of all causes that can cause sinus tachycardia.
If the diagnosis of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is confirmed, it is necessary to determine, if possible, the event that triggered it. For example, such an event in young and healthy patients may be transferred viral disease, and the consequences of inappropriate sinus tachycardia may persist for up to 5 years or more and then disappear.
Symptoms in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia often do not depend on the heart rate and slowing the rate does not lead to symptomatic relief. It is necessary to involve other specialists and, first of all, psychiatrists.
Treatment should start with small doses beta blockers. None of the beta-blockers is superior in its effectiveness to others. Physical exercise and exclusion from the diet of potential stimulants (such as coffee and alcohol) are recommended.
Ivabradine may be effective at doses of 5 to 7.5 mg twice daily.
Radiofrequency ablation is considered as possible treatment only with extremely rapid heart rate, proven inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and failure of other treatments.

One of the most dangerous varieties arrhythmic disorder - tachycardia of the heart. With this pathology, the heart rate increases, which indicates serious problems in the region of the heart and blood vessels. Symptoms of this disease are observed in women and men who have reached old age.

We will consider the main signs of the disease, find out how dangerous this pathology is, and recommend suitable drugs to eliminate the trouble.

Sinus tachycardia - how dangerous is it

Before proceeding with the treatment, let's answer the main question Why is sinus tachycardia so dangerous? The reason lies in the peculiarities of the functioning of the heart muscle. This organ does not depend on the "serviceability" of the nervous system, it is completely autonomous.

This position of the muscle does not mean that it does not need a nerve impulse - you can’t do without a signal. The source of the impulse is the sinus node - a clot of cardiac tissue that is responsible for the frequency of heart beats.

Sinus tachycardia develops at the moment when the natural "metronome" fails. The reasons are different, but it is very difficult to deal with the consequences. Pathological sinus tachycardia is a symptom of a number of serious diseases.

Let's list some:

ischemia of the heart;
myocarditis.

There is also a paroxysmal variety of tachycardia. Numerous disorders affecting the vital activity of the atrioventricular node lead to the development of the disease. If the heart muscle is subject to oxygen starvation, the node begins to generate and submit its own signals. The heart rate goes astray, arrhythmia sets in.

By and large, sinus tachycardia is not a disease - it is simply an accelerated mode of functioning of the heart muscle. The danger is tachycardia, which is pathological in nature. The heart begins to wear out idle, while the ventricles do not have time to fill with blood. BP drops, accelerates heartbeat, organs are worse supplied with oxygen - and you already need qualified help.

Pathological sinus tachycardia is dangerous - there is not the slightest doubt about this. long oxygen starvation invariably leads to ischemia of the heart and brain. In the future, ventricular fibrillation awaits you, which begin to contract inconsistently. The drugs no longer help - the efficiency of pumping blood is equal to zero.

Causes of the disease

Tachycardia affects different age categories, but in women it is somewhat more common. The causes of the disease are conditionally divided into two groups - etiological and cardiac (intracardiac) factors. Sinus type of disease can be early symptom left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure.

The reasons for this are different:

Some of the reasons are physiological in nature - these are emotional stress, physical activity, birth defects. There are also neurogenic tachycardias, which are based on affective psychoses, neuroses,. The risk group is young people whose nervous system is labile.

In women (occasionally - in men) endocrine disorders are observed:

pheochromocytoma;
thyrotoxicosis;
anemia;
vascular insufficiency (sharp forms- collapse, shock, fainting, blood loss);
renal colic;

Infectious- inflammatory processes can also make a negative contribution. As the temperature rises, the heart rate also increases. If treatment does not lead to desired results, you risk getting chronic tachycardia.

Here are the most dangerous infectious diseases:

angina;
pneumonia;
sepsis;
tuberculosis;
focal infection.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of sinus tachycardia appear depending on the stage of the disease. Additional factors also influence the symptoms - the nature of the underlying ailment, duration, severity. Subjective symptoms are not traced or go unnoticed.

This group includes:

discomfort;
heartbeat;
heart pain;
feeling of heaviness.

Signs of an abnormal heart rhythm can manifest as a feeling of lack of oxygen, a persistent heartbeat, frequent dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath. Some patients complain of insomnia, fatigue, decreased performance, loss of appetite, worsening mood.

These subjective symptoms indicate that the underlying disease must be urgently treated. Additional factor- sensitivity of the nervous system. With coronary atherosclerosis, signs of malaise worsen gradually, and sinus angina manifests itself in the form of attacks.

Some symptoms indicate poor blood supply to the organs. This blood supply provokes a number of disorders, among which fainting, dizziness and even convulsions stand out. Prolonged sinus tachycardia leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Prepare to face cold extremities and decreased urine output. Signs of malaise in women and men are about the same.

Methods for diagnosing tachycardia

If you suspect the symptoms listed above, contact your doctor immediately. A cardiologist is responsible for treating tachycardia, but a general practitioner is also a good place to start.

You can treat yourself with folk remedies, but first you need to get competent medical advice and diagnose the underlying ailment.

Perhaps you will be prescribed vitamins, but in some situations more serious drugs are required.

Diagnosis always begins with a questioning of the patient. The doctor will listen to your complaints and highlight the key symptoms of malaise. The specialist will also listen to your heart. No one will immediately prescribe pills - a set of additional diagnostic measures will be required.

Here they are:

General blood analysis. The doctor must analyze the amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells and a number of other indicators. Sometimes sinus tachycardia is a consequence of leukemia and anemia.
Additional tests. Affect a blood test for thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine), as well as a urinalysis, the purpose of which is to exclude the hormonal root causes of the disease.
EKG. The electrocardiogram method allows you to calculate the rhythm and heart rate, eliminates ventricular tachycardia, the treatment of which is somewhat different. Sometimes assigned.
Holter ECG. The functioning of the patient's heart muscle is monitored throughout the day. The doctor receives information about the work of the affected organ during physical activity, sleep and wakefulness.
Ultrasound of the heart. The second name of the method is echocardiography. The work of the valves and the heart muscle itself is evaluated, chronic diseases (hypertension, ischemia) and heart defects are detected.

Learning to provide first aid during an attack

At sudden attack tachycardia patient requires competent first aid. Subsequent treatment will depend on the age of the patient and the comorbidities, but the required drugs will be prescribed later. Now the main priority is to save human life.

First aid consists of the following steps:

Get out quickly Fresh air, unbutton the shirt collar, stand near the open window (optional).
When darkening in the eyes and dizziness, contact others.
Something cold should be applied to the forehead (a wet towel will do).
Tighten your abs, hold your breath. This technique lowers the heart rate, so drugs are not required.

If first aid does not bring relief, immediately call an ambulance. remember, that self-treatment unacceptable - you don’t know what the attack is against. Vitamins are a good prophylactic, but in a critical situation they are useless. We will talk about how to treat tachycardia a little lower.

Modern methods of treatment of tachycardia

Complex treatment of tachycardia is therapeutic and surgical. In the first case, drugs are prescribed that correspond to the identified disease. It can be tablets, vitamins and other substances. Conventionally, they can be divided into two basic groups:

Sedative drugs . They are produced on the basis of various herbs (valerian, Novo-passit), but there are also synthetic varieties (Phenobarbital, Diazepam). These substances can be used to treat vegetative-vascular dystonia. Sedative drugs reduce the frequency of seizures and normalize nervous activity.
Antiarrhythmic drugs. These drugs are combined into a fairly extensive group of antiarrhythmic actions. Treatment with these medicines is strictly controlled. Contraindications are considered allergic reactions and many other factors. Examples of such drugs are Adenosine, Flecainide, Propranorol, Verapamil.

Medical treatment is sometimes ineffective. Surgical intervention may be required when hormonal reasons tachycardia - a tumor or a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe gland is removed. Cardiac surgery is prescribed for congenital heart defects, coronary disease, or the consequences of rheumatism.

Treatment traditional methods in these cases is relegated to the background.

We connect traditional medicine

There are quite harsh methods of therapy, among which are the installation of a cardioverter-defibrillator and a pacemaker, as well as. In order not to bring yourself to this, you should regularly drink vitamins and use proven folk remedies.

Here are some folk recipes that can treat the disease:

Hawthorn. A tablespoon of hawthorn (flowers are required) must be poured with a glass of boiling water. Leave covered for twenty minutes. The infusion is taken before meals, half a glass three times a day. The course continues until complete recovery.
Garlic with lemon. The best vitamins nature gives us. Take a dozen garlic heads and the same amount of lemons. Lemon juice you need to squeeze, and grind the garlic. All this is mixed with a liter of honey. For a week, the mixture is infused in a jar under a plastic lid. Consume four teaspoons every day. The mixture should last for a couple of months.
Decoction of Adonis. Boil a glass of water, pour a teaspoon of spring adonis into it and continue to cook for a quarter of an hour over low heat. After cooking, the dishes are covered with a lid, and the mixture is infused until completely cooled. The resulting broth is filtered. It is necessary to drink the medicine three times a day for a tablespoon.

Do not neglect folk remedies - sometimes they give amazing results. If you do not deal with the problem, the prognosis can be quite sad. Early diagnosis is the key to future success in the fight against the disease.

Cardiac pathologists of various nature are one of the most frequent and dangerous diseases. Among all arrhythmic disorders, the most dangerous is sinus tachycardia. By knowing the symptoms and treatment of this disease, many serious problems can be avoided.

Sinus tachycardia what is it

This pathology develops due to a violation of the rhythm of the heart muscle. Sinus tachycardia is not a disease, but simply signals an accelerated rhythm of the heart muscle. Such a process in absolute people can be observed during stress and excitement, after intense physical exertion.

Is it dangerous? No, provided that the tachycardia does not acquire a pathological character. With constant tachycardia, the heart wears out quickly, because it has to work idle. Blood does not have time to fill the heart departments, decreases arterial pressure heart rate becomes irregular.

Dangerous and prolonged oxygen starvation, which provokes ischemia of the heart and brain. All internal organs begin to suffer from oxygen deficiency, there is a need for emergency medical care.

Without proper treatment, uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles (fibrillation) will begin to develop. Which will lead to zero efficiency in pumping blood. In this case medical preparations will be powerless.

There are several types of sinus tachycardia:

congenital, acquired - often occurs in adolescents and girls;
pharmacological - occurs under the influence of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and adrenaline;
adequate pathological form- occurs due to anemia, fever and pressure, problems with the thyroid gland;
inadequate - an increase in heart rate occurs in a calm state without any stimuli. The patient has weakness, shortness of breath, often dizzy.

Important! Dangerous symptoms are frequent increase heartbeat up to 90-180 ular per minute, which appears constantly for at least three months.

How the disease manifests itself

Symptoms of the disease may vary, depending on the stage of the disease. Many manifestations are subjective, often go unnoticed, poorly traced. All this makes it possible to attribute sinus tachycardia to a very dangerous disease.

What symptoms may appear:

palpitations are well felt, it seems that it is trying to jump out of the chest;
even minor physical activity leads to shortness of breath and tightness in the chest;
dizziness and weakness may be so severe that loss of consciousness is possible;
sinus tachycardia often accompanies coronary heart disease, with pain in the sternum;
increases the sensitivity of the nervous system.

A disturbed heart rhythm can be manifested by lack of air, insomnia, decreased ability to work, poor appetite. Due to poor blood supply to the organs, hypotension occurs, the limbs often become cold.

All these signs indicate that treatment of the underlying ailments should be started immediately.

Important! Frequent seizures sinus tachycardia may indicate the development of coronary atherosclerosis.

Causes

Due to increased emotional excitability sinus tachycardia is more common in women and young people with hyperexcitability and emotionality.

The cause of the disease are various cardiac congenital and acquired defects, psychoses, neuroses.
In women, tachycardia may be caused by impaired functionality. endocrine system– anemia, renal colic, hypoxemia.
Infectious and inflammatory processes also negatively affect the heart rate. High temperature leads to an increase in the heart rate.
Tachycardia can occur as a result of a sore throat, pneumonia, tuberculosis, sepsis.

Tachycardia and pregnancy

Sinus tachycardia during pregnancy is often normal state, which is called physiological changes in organism.

The cause of increased heart rate may be:

the appearance of an additional circle of blood circulation between the fetus and mother;
restructuring of all organisms of a woman, caused by a change in hormonal levels;
low hemoglobin;
toxicosis;
problems with the thyroid gland;
excess weight.

The problem rarely develops in early pregnancy. Failure in the heart rhythm is noted at the end of the second, third trimester.

The expectant mother should not panic and take medication on her own. Tachycardia is not dangerous for mom and baby in most cases. But only a doctor can make final conclusions and prescribe medications.

In children

In children, an accelerated heart rate is often noted without any special pathological abnormalities. The heartbeat in children can increase to 100-160 beats per minute with fever, intense exercise, in stuffy rooms. If within 5 minutes the heart rate stabilizes, there is no reason for concern.

For newborns dangerous symptom is an increase in heart rate up to 160 beats per minute. Tachycardia in infants occurs against the background of anemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, and pathological changes in the heart and blood vessels. A mild manifestation of tachycardia resolves during the first 12 months of life, medical intervention is not required.

Tachycardia can develop with various mental and physical overstrains, it often happens in adolescents. Also during puberty, endocrine restructuring of the body occurs, which can also lead to the development of tachycardia.

Such pathological changes require the intervention of a doctor, as they can develop into pathological tachycardia, vegetovascular dystonia, heart failure.

In young people of military age, the question often arises - whether they take to the army with sinus tachycardia. If the illness is not accompanied by other concomitant diseases and heart failure, then the conscript is considered fit for military service. The final decision remains with the commission.

Important! Every second child has sinus tachycardia

Treatment at home

Self-treatment with folk remedies allows you to do without hard therapeutic methods, pacemaker installation.

Recipes of alternative medicine are aimed at filling the deficiency of vitamins, help to bring the number of heartbeats back to normal. Teas, decoctions and tinctures are used for treatment.

Hawthorn infusion

Plant inflorescences (20 g) must be poured with boiling water (220 ml). Insist in a closed container for 20 minutes.

The resulting broth is divided into 2 portions, which should be drunk during the day before meals. Use this remedy possible for a long time, until significant improvements occur.

Lemons and garlic

Crush 10 garlic cloves.
Squeeze juice from 10 lemons.
All shift, add 1.1 kg of honey.
Cover the container with the mixture with a polyethylene lid.

In a week the medicine will be ready. It is necessary to eat 20 g of a vitamin drug per day.

Adonis

Boil a glass of water, pour 5 g of herbal raw materials. Continue to cook on low heat for about a quarter of an hour.

After that, cover the broth with a lid, let it cool completely. Strained medicine must be taken 15 ml three times a day.

Calendula and Valerian Root

Mix 15 g of dried calendula inflorescences and chopped valerian root. Pour the mixture into a thermos, pour 400 ml of boiling water. The broth will be ready in 3 hours.

Take the medicine should be 4 times a day for 110 ml. Therapy can be continued for 20 days. A second course is possible in a week.

Medical treatment

A sudden attack of tachycardia requires immediate first aid. This will help save your own or someone else's life.

Access to air - go outside, open the windows, unbutton the collar.
Try to sit down - an attack can cause darkening in the eyes and dizziness.
Apply a wet and cold compress to the forehead.
Good for lowering heart rate next exercise- it is necessary to tighten the press, hold your breath.

Before prescribing drug treatment for tachycardia, it is necessary to reduce psycho-emotional stress, compensate for the lack of iron, drink vitamins.

Drugs for sinus tachycardia:

to reduce arousal and eliminate stressful condition use beta-blockers - concor, egilok;
if the disease is accompanied by extrasystole, sodium inhibitors are required - rhythmanorm;
atrial fibrillation is eliminated by potassium channel blockers - cordarone;
antiarrhythmic drugs - adenosine, verapamil;
herbal or synthetic sedatives - novo-passit, diazepam;
antioxidants that help restore coronary blood supply - preductal, mexior.

Important! If tachycardia is caused by congenital heart defects, ischemic disease or rheumatism drug treatment may not be effective. Will require cardiac surgery.

Preventive measures for sinus tachycardia are timely early diagnosis. Do not ignore the signals of your own heart. It is necessary to eliminate non-cardiac factors that affect the heart rate - caffeinated drinks, stress, bad habits. Nutrition must be balanced. Physical exercise- regular and moderate. Lifestyle is healthy and positive.