home Adviсe Allergy to cold in pregnant women. Allergy to cold can be a symptom of more serious diseases. Modern therapeutic methods of treatment

Allergy to cold in pregnant women. Allergy to cold can be a symptom of more serious diseases. Modern therapeutic methods of treatment

Treatment of allergies in pregnant women is carried out at home, but self-medication is strictly prohibited. Treatment boils down to:

allergen determination;
exclusion of contact with him;
relief of symptoms;
preventing the development of complications;
creating conditions to prevent an allergic reaction in the future.

It is almost impossible to cure allergies completely. The main goal of treatment is to get rid of symptoms, against the background of which complications can develop.

What can you do

If an allergy occurs, the first thing a pregnant woman needs to do is consult a doctor. Self-medication is strictly prohibited: without consulting a doctor, you cannot take pills or use traditional methods to relieve symptoms, because this can harm the child. In the future, you need to follow the recommendations given by the doctor. All that a pregnant woman can do if allergies manifest themselves is to try to alleviate the symptoms with the help of tips that are also relevant for prevention:

avoid allergenic substances (risk products, household chemicals, cosmetics);
limit contact with pets;
remove flowering plants from the house;
change pillows and mattresses to products made from hypoallergenic materials;
ask household members to regularly carry out wet cleaning, thoroughly wipe off dust, and fight mold in the house.

What does a doctor do

The doctor chooses a method of treating allergies in pregnant women based on what caused the disease, in what form the allergy manifests itself, and whether it is possible to eliminate contact with the allergen. Preference is given to non-drug treatment methods: a hypoallergenic diet, general recommendations on the regimen and improving immunity, etc. If it is impossible to do without medications, the doctor can prescribe those that will not harm the child:

antihistamines allowed during pregnancy;
aerosols for the treatment of rhinitis;
ointments that combat skin manifestations.

Complications caused by allergies require separate measures. In this case, treatment depends on the concomitant disease.

Allergy symptoms in pregnant women

Mild manifestations of allergies during pregnancy include:

Allergic rhinitis: swelling of the mucous membrane and nasal congestion, burning sensation in the throat, sneezing, profuse runny nose;
Allergic conjunctivitis: redness and swelling of the eyelids and eyeballs, itching, lacrimation;
Localized urticaria: the formation of sharply defined, flaky blisters on some areas of the skin, accompanied by severe itching.

Severe manifestations of allergies during pregnancy include:

Quincke's edema: swelling of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes, including mucous membranes gastrointestinal tract. Swelling of the larynx is accompanied by choking and coughing, swelling of the gastrointestinal tract is accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting;
Generalized urticaria: rashes all over the body, swelling in the tongue and larynx;
Bronchial asthma: attacks of suffocation due to spasm of the bronchi and swelling of their mucous membrane;
Anaphylactic shock: allergic reaction immediate type, accompanied by a fall blood pressure and disruption of the blood supply to vital internal organs.

According to statistics, acute rhinitis worries about 50% of all pregnant women at 11-12 weeks, and it is important to distinguish it from allergic rhinitis. A woman knows in advance that she has bronchial asthma; its occurrence during pregnancy is unlikely. Exacerbation is possible at 24-36 weeks.

Treatment of allergies in pregnant women

If the allergen is unknown, you should consult an allergist or immunologist to conduct appropriate skin tests. Allergy treatment comes down to eliminating its symptoms.

The allergy itself does not pose any danger to the unborn child, since the antibodies produced by the mother's body cannot penetrate the placenta. Although if a pregnant woman has allergies, the predisposition to allergic diseases will most likely be inherited by the child. A general deterioration in the health of the pregnant woman and medications used to relieve allergy symptoms can have a negative impact on the child.

For this reason, it is advisable, if possible, to eliminate all contacts with allergens and factors that can provoke an exacerbation of allergies, as well as to refrain from taking medications, especially in the first trimester, when the formation of the child’s future organs occurs.

If taking medications cannot be avoided, you should carefully select them together with an allergist, balancing the benefits and possible harm from taking the drug. The difficulty is that most antihistamines are contraindicated during pregnancy. Here is a list of drugs that require special attention:

Diphenhydramine: a dose of more than 50 mg at a time close to childbirth can provoke increased excitability or contractions of the uterus;
Terfenadine: may cause weight loss in the newborn;
Astemizole: toxic to the fetus;
Pipolfen: not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
Suprastin, Claritin, Fexadin are prescribed for acute allergic reactions only in cases where the effect of taking the pills outweighs the potential risk to the unborn child;
Tavegil: is prescribed only for health reasons, when the manifestations of an allergic reaction threaten the woman’s life, and there is no possibility of using any other drug for a number of reasons.

Ways to reduce allergy symptoms without resorting to antihistamines: vitamin therapy

Some vitamins are natural antihistamines.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). 1-4 grams of ascorbic acid per day can relieve attacks of rhinitis and mild bronchospasms. You need to start taking vitamin C gradually, with 500 mg per day, gradually increasing the dose to 4 g over ten days. Vitamin B12 is the most universal natural antihistamine. Taking it may reduce symptoms allergic asthma and dermatitis, sensitivity to sulfites (egg yolk). You should take this vitamin 500 mg for 3-4 weeks.

Pantothenic acid also effective for allergic rhinitis. Start with 100 mg at night. The first signs of a decrease in symptoms may appear within 15-30 minutes. If the drug helps, you can increase the dose to 250 mg per day.

Nicotinic acid (nicotinamide) most effective for allergies to pollen. You can take 200 to 300 mg of nicotinamide per day.

Zinc reduces allergies to various chemical compounds (household chemicals, perfumes, cosmetics). You should start taking it with 50-60 mg per day in the form of a complex compound (picolinate, aspartate). Caution: Taking zinc in an uncomplexed ionic form from an inorganic compound (zinc sulfate) can lead to copper deficiency, causing anemia.

Oleic acid, which is included in olive oil, inhibits the production of histamine. Therefore, to prevent allergies, it is recommended to cook with olive oil.

Fish oil and linoleic acid prevent inflammatory processes of allergic origin: runny nose, itching, rash. There are no general recommendations for their use. However, before taking any vitamins, you should always consult your doctor.

Prevention of allergies in pregnant women

If during pregnancy a woman had an exacerbation of allergies, then the probability of its occurrence in the unborn child will be about 50%, if there is a predisposition to allergies in both parents - 80%. Not specific ones are inherited allergic manifestations, and the body’s predisposition to various kinds allergic reactions.

If you have any type of allergy, it is recommended to follow a hypoallergenic diet, which is based on excluding certain foods from the diet. It is recommended to follow such a diet from the 7th month of pregnancy, but if you have a pronounced allergic reaction, you can follow it from the first days of pregnancy.

Allergenic products include fish and seafood, citrus fruits, chocolate and cocoa, honey, nuts, smoked meats and marinades, red berries (raspberries, strawberries), juices and carbonated drinks, black and red caviar, sweets, spicy and salty foods.
It is recommended to include butter and dairy products, dietary meat (veal, rabbit, chicken), vegetables and fruits of dull color (apples and pears, potatoes, cabbage, zucchini, currants and gooseberries), cereals, legumes, greens.

Smoking during pregnancy is strictly prohibited;
You should regularly do wet cleaning, vacuum the furniture and ventilate the room;
Get rid of things - the so-called “dust collectors”: carpets, soft toys;
Limit contact with pets and do not keep them at home;
Spend as much time as possible on fresh air and lead a healthy lifestyle.

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Factors causing allergies

Pregnancy completely restructures the entire female body to meet the needs of the unborn baby. The reaction even to your favorite flowers during pregnancy can be unpredictable, so you must always be careful with cosmetics, cleaning products, nutrition, etc.

Even changeable weather outside can become a significant factor and an additional headache - seasonal allergies during pregnancy. Rather than treating the allergy itself and spending significant sums on it, it is better to take care of eliminating, if not all, then at least the majority of allergens.

Food

The group of risky foods that, if not easily, then in most cases cause allergies in pregnant women, includes: citrus fruits, some types of fish, vegetables and fruits tried for the first time, and chocolate.

Don’t tempt fate and include this list in your diet while you’re carrying your baby, try to get by with your familiar dishes, without any culinary experiments, otherwise you will experience allergies during pregnancy. How to treat and stop food allergens, we’ll look at it a little later, but for now let’s name the next and probably the most dangerous factor causing allergic reactions is stress.

Stress and environment

Severe stress and anxiety, coupled with an unfavorable environment, which is located near you in the form of the chemical industry or metallurgy, is 100% likely to reward you with one of the types of allergies.

Even if you are in an idyll with nature and have your own country house, it is extremely difficult to avoid allergens. Insects can be a source of real trouble. It often happens that even a bee sting, which was previously absolutely harmless to you, causes severe swelling, fever, and in some cases anaphylactic shock.

Animals

The hair of cats and dogs, bird fluff are factors that can become causative agents not only of allergies, but also of others no less. unpleasant diseases. So if you have a pet, the best option for him and for you would be to separate during the pregnancy.

Let him better live with friends and acquaintances, otherwise you will face persistent runny nose or skin allergies during pregnancy. How to treat this type of allergy, what are the consequences and manifestations, we will consider below.

Manifestations and consequences of allergies

All allergic reactions can occur in mild or severe form. They differ from each other not only in places of localization, but also in the involvement of other organs in the allergic process and in indicators of well-being.

Light form

Rhinitis. The main symptoms are a runny nose, frequent sneezing, and nasal congestion. In some cases, sinusitis, sinusitis and polyps occur.
Conjunctivitis. It is caused by photophobia, redness of the cornea, lacrimation, and, as a consequence of conjunctivitis, rhinitis occurs.
Hives. As a rule, this is an allergy to flowering during pregnancy. The best way to treat this disease and suffer from constant itching is to avoid contact with any wild vegetation. The places where urticaria is localized are the arms and stomach, and in its own way appearance it resembles a burn with small blisters.

Severe form

Quincke's edema. Locations: face, neck and shoulders. Particularly dangerous is swelling of the larynx and trachea, which makes breathing very difficult. How to treat allergies during pregnancy during angioedema, you need to find out from a competent allergist, so in this case you should not self-medicate.
Anaphylactic shock. This manifestation of an allergic reaction is accompanied by sharp drop blood pressure and bronchospasm. A form of shock involves loss of consciousness and therefore lack of quick help is fraught with very sad consequences.
Generalized urticaria. This form is slightly similar to the urticaria described above, but, unlike light form, generalized has a chronic course and most often occurs in the second half of pregnancy, when the body begins to actively rearrange all its hormones. Just as in the first case, the whole process is accompanied by itching and blisters, coupled with weakness, irritability and poor health.

The impact of allergies on pregnancy

Both mild and severe forms of allergies do not affect the fetus in any way in the second and third trimester, since all of the above allergens cannot penetrate the placenta.

But nevertheless, taking some antihistamines can negatively affect both the general condition of the woman herself and the health of the unborn baby. In addition, an allergic mother is more often in bad mood and more irritable.

Allergies during pregnancy: how to treat?

The basis of treatment of any allergic reaction is prevention, i.e. preventing any contact with a possible allergen that can trigger the entire chain of diseases. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to determine the source of the allergen and avoid it in every possible way.

Allergy symptoms and their subsequent elimination are directly related to the severity of the allergy itself, therefore, in mild cases, you can choose ointments, solutions and creams, i.e. those drugs that are applied topically; in other cases, the intervention of an allergist or therapist is necessary.

So, let's look at how allergies are treated during pregnancy and how.

Traditional medicine

The most common traditional drugs to relieve symptoms and treat allergies - these are ointments. The herbal extracts they contain do an excellent job of treating inflammation and relieving allergic reactions.

For rhinitis, you can use special sprays and drops that will eliminate nasal congestion and practically get rid of a runny nose (for the duration of action). You can use regular vasoconstrictor drops in a pediatric dosage without harm to the fetus.

The tablets will help cope with allergies, but will also have negative impact on your baby, so be careful when taking any medications.

So, trouble has overtaken you - allergies during pregnancy. The treatment and subsequent risks are outlined below.

"Diphenhydramine" to its chemical composition can provoke uterine excitability, resulting in premature birth.
Pipolfen has toxic components and is therefore not recommended during breastfeeding.
"Terfanadine" can affect the weight of the fetus with frequent use.
Allertek is more or less safe in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.
“Suprastin” and “Tavegil” are recommended to be used only based on vital signs, i.e. when the effect of taking them may exceed the potential risk to the fetus.

Allergies during pregnancy: how to treat (folk remedies)

Eliminate local symptoms will help allergies ethnoscience, through which you can prepare ointments, mash and healing infusions. They are considered quite reliable and have stood the test of time.

The talkers consist of active substance such as starch, talc or clay, mixed with water, alcohol or oil. The mixed components are applied to the problem area of the skin and have a soothing, anti-inflammatory and softening effect.

Local decoctions of celandine, string, nettle, chamomile and calendula are excellent, i.e., everything that is used to treat allergies during pregnancy without the risk of aggravating it.

Proper nutrition during pregnancy

A balanced and proper diet is one of the most important factors prevention and treatment allergic diseases. There are foods that, due to their composition, can easily provoke an allergic reaction and its further development: chocolate, chicken, fish, citrus fruits, eggs, etc. For some women, this list is individual, so it all depends on the predisposition to the type of allergen.

If you do not know which food component you are allergic to, then the best way out You will keep a food diary, which will reflect your diet and reaction to certain foods. Exclusion of such harmful products from the diet will significantly facilitate the course of pregnancy and the woman’s well-being in general.

But even if a woman does not suffer from food allergies, she is recommended to adhere to a hypoallergenic diet, starting from the 6th month of pregnancy, in order to avoid the development of diathesis in the unborn baby.

Treatment of severe allergies

In this case, it will not be possible to use only antihistamines, especially since they are effective only for topical use.

If all the symptoms of Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock are present, then you must immediately consult a doctor or call " ambulance", in order to avoid extremely unpleasant consequences.

Summarizing

Without a doubt, we can say that the only reliable adviser for any manifestations of allergies should remain a specialized doctor. Careful adherence to all his recommendations and self-care during pregnancy will significantly reduce the risk of allergic reactions, which will have a positive effect on both the mother and her unborn child.

Do not overuse self-medication; at the first signs of a serious allergy, consult a doctor without delay. Remember, your health and the health of your child is priceless!

Why allergies occur

An allergy is a non-standard reaction of the immune system to external factors. The immune system of a pregnant woman works completely differently from that of a woman who is not pregnant. As a result, the body’s reaction to the usual tangerines or pollen cannot be predicted. Allergies during pregnancy can occur in both girls aged 18 to 25 and older women. Of course, the likelihood of allergic reactions increases after 35 years.

In the first 12-14 weeks of pregnancy, allergies may be a reaction to the fetus, like toxicosis, for example. It goes away on its own when the body gets used to its condition. Also, the immune system can react negatively to animals, dust, food, cigarette smoke, cosmetics, and chemicals. Because of this hypersensitivity body, you should be more attentive to what you eat and what is around you.

Also, allergies can worsen in experienced allergy sufferers. If you have previously suffered from allergic reactions, then when planning a pregnancy you should consult a specialist. You will be prescribed a course of treatment that will reduce the exacerbation of the disease to a minimum during pregnancy. The good news is that during pregnancy, a woman's body produces more cortisol. This is an anti-allergenic hormone that reduces the severity of the disease or even eliminates it.

Allergy symptoms

The symptoms of allergies when carrying a baby are not much different from those of a non-pregnant woman. This may be sudden swelling of the throat or nasal mucosa. A woman's eyes may suddenly begin to water, she begins to sneeze frequently and without stopping. A common manifestation is a severe cough. Often, allergies cause a rash.

Depending on the symptoms, the severity of this disease can be divided into 2 groups:

mild (runny nose, conjunctivitis, local urticaria);
severe (general urticaria, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock).

The body's reactions, which are classified as severe manifestations of allergies, are dangerous because they occur completely suddenly and are difficult for the pregnant woman's body. This situation requires resuscitation measures.

The most dangerous manifestation of all of the above is anaphylactic shock. The reaction occurs instantly to any drug or manipulation of the pregnant woman’s body; even an insect bite can lead to fatal outcome. It takes from 2 to 30 minutes to save the life of a mother and baby. But fortunately such cases occur one in a million.

Quincke's edema characterized by swelling of the mucous membranes, skin and subcutaneous tissue. The areas that are most at risk are the forehead, lips, eyelids, cheeks. Swelling in the area of the feet and hands often occurs. If there is swelling of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, there may be severe stomach pain, nausea and vomiting.

Any of the cases requires consultation with an allergist. Only a specialist can assess the severity of your disease and prescribe treatment depending on your symptoms, your general condition and drug tolerance.

How does the disease affect pregnancy and baby?

A pregnant woman tolerates any change in the body with caution and big amount questions. Especially if this is your first pregnancy. If earlier, if an allergy occurred, we could simply go to the pharmacy and buy any medicine, now, first of all, we should think about how it will affect the fetus. Remember, allergy medications during pregnancy should only be prescribed by a doctor.

The allergy itself has no effect on the fetus. Allergens (pathogens) are not able to penetrate the placenta. Their influence is manifested only by the fact that in the future, after birth, the child may begin to have a negative reaction to those substances from which the mother suffered during pregnancy. That is, an allergy is a disease that can be inherited. But this is not a 100% guarantee that the baby will be allergic. His dad's genes may take over.

But the results of our self-medication can be disastrous. Many drugs can cause birth defects nervous system, hearts. Also, taking the wrong medications can interfere with the blood flow between mother and baby. And this is the baby’s main source of life. There may be a shortage nutrients or oxygen.

Also, negative consequences from allergies during pregnancy can occur if it leads to complications in the general health of the mother. If it leads to the development of bronchial asthma, anaphylactic shock, then this makes breathing difficult. And a lack of oxygen can lead to fetal hypoxia. And, of course, discomfort with a runny nose, cough, watery eyes, and fatigue also negatively affect the baby. If the mother is unwell, the baby feels it.

How are allergies diagnosed and treated in pregnant women?

According to experts, allergies are a disease of civilization. About 25% of the population today suffers from this disease. And if we talk about pregnant women, then 45% of women interesting position complain of allergic reactions. When registering at the antenatal clinic, you are always interviewed to identify the level of risk and likelihood of allergies occurring during the entire 9 months of bearing a child.

In most cases, allergies are determined after examination and in the presence of characteristic symptoms. If symptoms are present, the doctor will usually ask questions to help identify the irritant. Next, tests and treatment are prescribed.

If it is necessary to determine a reaction to a substance without the presence obvious signs, then they can perform a skin test. To do this, a small amount of an allergenic substance is placed under the skin. If there is no reaction to it within half an hour, then the body will not react negatively to it.

It is almost impossible to cure allergies; the main thing is to cope with its symptoms. Most cases of eliminating the irritant from the pregnant woman’s environment result in the disappearance of the allergic reaction. Thus, during pregnancy, the first thing to do if you have allergies is to avoid contact with allergens.

The choice of allergy medications during pregnancy is carried out especially carefully. Their main goal is to quickly, but harmlessly for the fetus, relieve the expectant mother of symptoms. There are a number of drugs known that can alleviate the symptoms of the disease without causing negative influence on the fetus, but only a doctor should prescribe them.

A fairly common reaction to any substance can be skin rash. In pregnant women, it often appears on the stomach. It is dangerous because the rashes can itch, swell and burst. And this is already a risk of infection. In this case, the doctor may prescribe an ointment to relieve itching and other symptoms. However, products for external use can have a negative effect on the baby no less than tablets and syrups, so you should not select them yourself.

Factors causing allergies

Pregnancy is new life your body. He completely rearranges his work to suit the needs of the baby, who is growing and developing inside. His reaction even to your favorite sweater can be the most incredible.

During pregnancy, you should be careful with food, clothing, cosmetics, and chemicals used to clean the room. Even the environment can cause allergies.

From food Allergies during pregnancy can be caused by citrus fruits, chocolate, exotic fruits and vegetables that you try for the first time, and some types of fish. It is better not to tempt fate and not include anything new in your diet while you are carrying and feeding your baby.

Speaking of animals, then the hair of cats and dogs, bird fluff can also become causative agents of the disease. if you have pet, then it is better to give it to friends or relatives during pregnancy.

Severe stress, experiences, the chemical industry and metallurgy in your area are the first sources of the development of allergies to harmful manifestations environment. And small but dangerous insects can lead to allergies. Often, a bee sting that was previously harmless to you can cause severe swelling at the site of the sting, fever, and even anaphylactic shock.

During pregnancy, many women (especially if they have chronic diseases) take several at once medications. Sometimes this is a necessity, and sometimes it is a simple desire of the pregnant woman. Plus, vitamins and other supplements that the body needs are mandatory. Often these medications cause the development of allergies.

Prevention

It is always possible to avoid any disease. Of course, no one will give you a complete guarantee that if you take certain precautions, you will never get sick. But it is possible to reduce the likelihood. To do this you should:

Refuse everyone bad habits. This is especially true for smoking. In addition to allergies, it negatively affects the development of the child’s lungs and can lead to intrauterine growth retardation. Children of smoking mothers often suffer from bronchial asthma and pneumonia;
Carry out wet cleaning of the premises every day. Once a week, beat out rugs, pillows, blankets. You can even, like animals, remove curtains and carpets from the house for a while. They collect a lot of dust, and mites living in it are the first source of allergies;
Minimize contact with all animals. This applies to both domestic and wild ones;
Don't experiment with nutrition. Eat what you already know your body's reaction to. Less citrus fruits. Choose something that will be healthy, but not allergenic. For example, choose kiwi over lemon or orange. Kiwi has more vitamin C, but less likely that it will cause an allergic reaction.

As for prevention of allergies in newborns, there is no better way than breast milk can not found. Mother's milk is a source of substances that help cope with allergens. Even if you had an allergy during pregnancy, you now have antibodies to it and can pass them on to your baby.

Thus, in case of any manifestations of allergies, you should immediately consult a doctor. If you don’t know which one or where in your city he takes, consult a gynecologist for advice. Even if you have previously successfully treated your allergies on your own, do not take your old medications. Now you need to think not only about combating symptoms, but also about the effect of the medicine on the fetus and the consequences of allergies.

Any ailment can be overcome if done correctly, in consultation with a doctor. Preventing allergies can also help you avoid suffering from this disease for the entire 9 months. If you are an experienced allergy sufferer, then correct behavior, nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy can lead to the fact that it will become your cure for allergies. Know that if relief from allergic reactions occurred during one pregnancy, then the same will happen during subsequent ones.

Think about your health and the health of your baby. Don't risk the little man's future.

How to prevent allergies during pregnancy?

A hypoallergenic diet and reasonable portions of desired, preferred foods. It has long been known that the digestive tract of the expectant mother is the main source of allergies, especially at 20-22 weeks of pregnancy, when the fetal immune system is already quite well formed. Any product that a pregnant woman is drawn to should be consumed in small portions so as not to provoke a food allergy in the woman and a possible aggressive response from the baby’s immune system in the future. In addition, all allergy-provoking dishes should be excluded from the menu.

If possible, eliminate all provoking factors in the room - carpeting, woolen blankets and rugs, in short, everything where dust allergens can accumulate. The same applies to pets and flowering indoor plants. If they cannot be removed, contact with them should be limited as much as possible. at least, during pregnancy.

Regular ventilation, wet cleaning and basic hygiene, but without the use of aggressive chemicals. They will help to significantly reduce the risk of allergies caused by household dust.

It is necessary to consult with your doctor and start taking vitamins that help reduce allergic reactions. These products include vitamins A, B, C.

Ascorbic acid is usually taken 1-3 grams per day - this helps strengthen the immune system and prevent the occurrence of vasomotor rhinitis. The dosage must be agreed with the doctor.

B vitamins, especially B12, are a kind of natural, natural antihistamines. Cyanocobolamine significantly reduces the manifestations of skin allergic reactions and helps prevent attacks of bronchial asthma. The dosage corresponds to 500 mg per day, the course is from 3 to 4 weeks. Taking B vitamins must also be agreed with a gynecologist.

Taking zinc aspartate will help reduce the risk of allergies to odors, more precisely to household chemicals or cosmetics. Zinc should be taken only in complex compounds so as not to provoke an imbalance of other important microelements- copper, iron.

All products containing fish fat, or linoleic acid can prevent allergic runny nose and itching.

Oleic acid will help neutralize excess histamine release, and it is found in purified, high-quality olive oil.

Taking pantothenic acid effectively reduces the manifestations of vasomotor rhinitis. Taking 100 milligrams before bed gives a positive result already on the second day.

Allergies in pregnant women may not appear if expectant mothers give up bad habits, follow such simple and familiar principles of a healthy lifestyle and tune in to positive changes in their lives.

Allergies during pregnancy are not uncommon. The number of allergic reactions among pregnant women has been steadily increasing recently. This is due to the violation of the ecology of the environment. Over the past 20 years, the number of allergy sufferers among pregnant women has increased 6 times. The main risk group was young mothers under 24 years of age and mature women over 35.

Etiology of the phenomenon

Establishing the cause of allergies in any person is quite problematic, and in pregnant women it becomes even more difficult, because not all diagnostic methods are applicable to them. In these cases, doctors begin to say that the allergy is a reaction to the pregnancy itself (such as toxicosis) due to changes in hormonal levels. It was noted that such diagnoses were made to women who subsequently gave birth to boys.

It often happens that after the placenta is formed, the symptoms and manifestations of allergies in pregnant women disappear. Irritants for the expectant mother may be the following:

pollen from flowering plants;
pet hair;
household chemicals;
cosmetics used before pregnancy;
cold;
house dust and fluff;
medications taken;
new products or nutritional supplements.

There are predisposing factors:

heredity;
weakened immunity (and this always occurs in pregnant women);
stress;
uncontrolled use of various drugs;
abuse of cosmetics and synthetics;
eating disorders;
bad climate and ecology.

Allergies in a pregnant woman rarely arise out of nowhere. Many women already experience allergies before they conceive. But pregnancy often becomes the catalyst that aggravates the problem. This is explained by the fact that the immune system during pregnancy works with double load and can react inadequately to any substance.

Hormonal changes also contribute to the worsening of the problem.

The mechanism of allergic reactions

Allergies and pregnancy: what to do? First of all, don't panic. This is a special reaction of the body to any substance that is foreign and hostile to the immune system. The immune system begins to produce antibodies to such an allergen (irritant), histamine is released and all allergy symptoms appear. For this reaction to occur, it is necessary hereditary predisposition or other provoking factors.

This behavior of the body is not a disease - it is just an overly violent reaction of the immune system.

An allergic reaction occurs in 3 stages:

The allergen has entered the body, and the immune system, in response to irritation, immediately begins to produce antibodies. Antibodies first bind to mast cells (mastocytes).
When the allergen re-enters the mast cells, they degranulate and release a lot of biologically active substances - histamine. It triggers allergic symptoms.
During the reaction, the vessels expand and the permeability of their walls increases. The result of this is inflammation and swelling of existing skin rashes. IN severe cases Complications such as Quincke's edema may occur.

The dangers of allergies during pregnancy

The allergy itself cannot affect the child’s health, because the mother’s antigens are not transmitted through the placenta. The fruit is reliably protected. But sit and wait until the allergy will go away, not worth it. Components of some medications taken during treatment can penetrate to the fetus, which can lead to allergies during pregnancy.

Nasal congestion often occurs, which makes it impossible to breathe fully, and tissue hypoxia develops, which is harmful for the child, especially in the first trimester, when the fetal organs are formed. The situation is complicated by the fact that not all medications can be taken by the expectant mother. Allergy danger by trimester:

1st trimester - the laying of all organs is underway, there is no placenta yet, and therefore there is no full protection. At this point, the mother's allergy medications may have adverse effects on the fetus. This can be expressed in the appearance of various developmental anomalies.
2nd trimester - the danger is much less, since the main organs are already formed and the placenta has developed. But if the drugs taken are contraindicated for the fetus, and the mother uses them, the danger arises again.
3rd trimester - the placental barrier protects, but the mother’s well-being may worsen due to worsening allergies. Then this may affect the fetus, it becomes less active.

What complications can allergies cause in a pregnant woman? With rhinitis it is disrupted normal breathing, hypoxia and bronchospasm develop, which is very harmful to the fetus. The matter may end in a transition to bronchial asthma(in 2% of cases). The child immediately reacts to any ailments in the mother. But most often, allergies can only bring discomfort to the mother.

Symptomatic manifestations

Nature has it in such a way that upon conception, immunity decreases. This is necessary so that the immune cells that perceive the embryo as foreign body, did not kill him with antibodies.

The hypersensitive immunity of a pregnant woman requires increased attention and caution when choosing food and environmental influences.

Symptoms are combined into several groups:

Allergies are classified according to severity into mild and severe. In the first case, a runny nose, conjunctivitis and local urticaria appear; in the second, urticaria occupies a large area, swelling of the skin appears, and shock develops.

Complications of allergies

The complications include the following:

Anaphylactic shock is an immediate allergic reaction. With it, the number of allergens in the blood goes off scale. In this case, an immediate drop in blood pressure occurs, bronchospasm and loss of consciousness occur, severe vomiting and diarrhea, convulsions and difficulty breathing, and a sharp rise in temperature.
Quincke's edema is swelling of the larynx that develops quite quickly if help is not provided.
Generalized urticaria - not only does urticaria spread throughout the body, but the functioning of internal organs is also disrupted. This type of rash is often chronic and is therefore accompanied by itching and flaking of the skin, weakness and irritability. This is observed with hay fever.

Diagnosis of allergies in pregnant women

Various tests and analyzes are performed for diagnosis. If you have a food allergy, before visiting a doctor, you can determine its presence at home using special pharmacy tests. To do this, apply a little blood to the indicator and after 2 minutes compare it with the table. But consultation with a doctor is still required.

For diagnostic purposes, they carry out skin tests: Allergens are applied in drops to the forearm and the results are seen after 10–15 minutes.

The size of the papules determines sensitivity to any substance.

Principles of treatment

How to treat allergies during pregnancy? There are traditional drug therapy and non-traditional therapy using folk remedies. When prescribing treatment, there will be no immediate results, so there is no need to panic and be indignant. Symptoms will begin to subside only after a few days. Most often, first generation drugs are not prescribed during pregnancy - Suprastin, Diphenhydramine (causes uterine contractions and can lead to premature birth), Tavegil (sharply negative effect on the fetus), Pipolfen (poisons and destroys the fetus), etc.

Prohibited for use in pregnant women: Astemizole (very toxic, causes fetal death), Terfenadine (reduces weight and slows down fetal growth).

Suprastin is used only in extreme cases for acute allergies. The same applies to Allertek, Fexadin, Tavegil - their use is extremely undesirable during gestation. Treatment of allergies in pregnant women with these drugs is possible only during exacerbations of the process in situations where life-threatening mother. Claritin, Fexadin, Cetrin are applicable when the benefit to the mother outweighs all the risks.

Applies also local treatment, but not used in pregnant women hormonal ointments. Other drugs used on the skin should act only superficially, without being absorbed into the blood (Purelan, Oilatum). They protect against irritation and cover the skin with a special film. If you have allergies on your hands during pregnancy, you can use antihistamine ointments with herbal ingredients: chamomile, celandine, calendula, Physiogel. A weeping rash can be lubricated Zinc ointment, Tsindol, treat with a solution of potassium permanganate.

How to treat allergies in pregnant women with other means? Enterosorbents that are safe and mandatory are: Enterosgel, Enterofuril, Polysorb, Lactofiltrum, Activated carbon. They remove toxins from the intestines. Enterosgel can be used even during breastfeeding. For hay fever and rhinitis, drops can be recommended plant based such as Pinosol, Pinovit, Humer, Aqualor, Aqua Maris, Salin, Marimer. Salin and Prevalin sprays are effective.

They are not used for a long time and often so as not to cause hypoxia in the fetus.

Vitamins C are also used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. pantothenic acid, B12, RR. Applicable homeopathic drops Euphorbium compositum, Rhinitol. Nazivin, Vibrocil, Xymelin, For nose are prohibited for use in pregnant women. Calcium chloride, which is often prescribed for allergies, should not be taken by pregnant women. Therapy for allergic conjunctivitis is carried out by using drops of Vitabact, Visin, Oftolik, Acular, etc.

Treatment of allergies during pregnancy should take into account the trimester of pregnancy:

In the 1st trimester, any antihypertensive drugs are prohibited.
In the 2nd trimester, Diazolin, Pheniramine, hormonal drugs Dexamethasone, Prednisolone are allowed.
In the 3rd trimester, it is possible to take third-generation AGPs (Fenistil, Zyrtec, Fexadin, Erius, etc.).

You need to constantly fight allergies using suitable products.

Folk remedies

If there is an allergy during pregnancy, treatment may allow the use of herbal medicine, but provided that the mother does not have hay fever. For allergic rhinitis, aloe and Kalanchoe drops are used to clear the nose of mucus. The juice of carrots, garlic and onions diluted with oil helps a lot.

Bathing in herbal decoctions has a beneficial effect on the skin: string, calendula, chamomile, oak, sage.

Sequence should not be taken orally by pregnant women. You can drink celery juice. Affected areas can be lubricated saline solution. Homemade ointment made from glycerin and starch with vodka is also suitable for lubricating the skin. Any herb should be used after consultation with a doctor.

Preventive actions

Allergies during pregnancy can be suspended. Required condition - hypoallergenic diet. It must be followed throughout pregnancy. During the combination of pregnancy and allergies, people switch to a hypoallergenic lifestyle. First you need to give up active smoking and eliminate passive smoking. After walking, your nose and eyes should be washed clean water, lobe of the nose, apply saline solution.

Wet cleaning of premises will help in the fight against allergies.

Try to remove all accumulations of dust and mites: carpets, excess upholstered furniture, Stuffed Toys, feather pillows, old books. If you don’t want to get rid of them, wrap them in cellophane and put them away during pregnancy. Wear only natural clothes and underwear. It is better to refrain from new cosmetics, and old ones should be used carefully.

Instead of household chemicals, use folk methods and remedies in the household. Walk often and be positive. When traveling to the country, on vacation, or even just for a walk, carry allergy medications with you.

Allergies in pregnant women cannot be treated on the advice of friends and acquaintances. Self-medication is unacceptable. The doctor's orders must be followed strictly. It will not be possible to cure allergies completely, but it is possible to slow down the development of the pathology.

Snow, wind - and something terrible begins to happen to the face: red spots appear, eyes swell and turn red. Your hands become covered with cracks, itching bothers you, your head splits with pain... Most likely, this is not a pestilence, but an allergic reaction of the body to cold weather. Who is at risk? How will we be saved?

If a normal allergic reaction is triggered by a foreign substance-allergen, then in the case of a cold allergy the “provocateur” becomes low temperature air and wind. Allergy sufferers are at risk. In addition, allergies to cold often occur in young women, especially in critical days, those who have hormonal disorders, and women in menopause. Additional factors Risk factors include recent infections and traumatic brain injuries. What to do?

Warm yourself. A cup of warm tea before going outside, a scarf to cover your face, and gloves are a must. Do not wear synthetics and wool - they themselves can become an allergen.
Apply rich cream to your face and hygienic lipstick to your lips.
Take antihistamines.
Wash your face without fanaticism. Shower - no more than once a day, preferably in the evening, after which lubricate the skin with moisturizer.

What to do if your skin is dry

The more winter looks like winter, the harder the central heating works. Plus, we are warm, thanks to the utility workers. The downside is that the skin dries and peels terribly. “I’m still itching!” - girls write on forums, asking for advice and sharing their experience in solving the problem. That's what helps them.

Buying a humidifier or air washer. They raise humidity levels from an arid 25% to a comfortable 40-60%. This, by the way, reduces the risk of catching a cold or conjunctivitis - they “bloom” precisely during drought.
Taking vitamins. Dry skin can be a consequence of a lack of vitamins A, E, H, C and group B. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is especially necessary in such a situation - it makes the skin more elastic, eliminates dryness, and starts regeneration processes. Vitamins A and E in drops are also effective.
Natural vegetable oils- outside and inside. Olive, flaxseed, almond, and grape seed oils soften the skin well. You can add them to your moisturizer for added effect. But keep in mind - if your cosmetic product There is mineral oil, it will dry the skin even more.
Warm, not hot shower. The higher the water temperature, the drier the skin! And don’t rub yourself after the fact with a hard towel - be more gentle, choose soft fabrics.

Modern society, unfortunately, is at its peak immune diseases, which include allergies. The task of the immune system is to recognize and destroy a foreign substance that has entered the body. But under certain circumstances, factors that provoke it, it can fail.

People of all ages are susceptible to immune diseases, as well as women in an interesting situation - pregnancy. Therefore, the question often arises of how to treat allergies during pregnancy so as not to harm the fetus. To achieve effective positive result in treatment, it is necessary to establish the true causes that provoke the symptoms of the disease.

Main reasons

1. In most cases, an allergy in the first trimester of pregnancy, if it does not coincide with the flowering of grass, signals the body’s reaction to the fetus. This period is called toxicosis and goes away on its own.

2. The body may be sensitive to products containing harmful substances: honey, strawberries, citrus fruits, milk, tomatoes, herbs, spices.

3. Cigarette smoke and smoking are direct factors influencing the failure of the immune system, including the development inflammatory reactions directly from the unborn child.

4. If a woman suffers from chronic manifestations of the disease, then during the period of bearing a child, it may worsen. In such cases, when planning a pregnancy, you should consult a doctor to prescribe an appropriate course of treatment.

Allergies in the last month of pregnancy can cause exacerbation, but before the birth itself, significant relief occurs.

Signs of the disease

When a pregnant woman’s immune system stops working in a balanced manner, the “enemies” can be not only plant pollen or pet hair, but also many other harmful substances. Spasms appear, blood vessels dilate, and nerve endings become irritated.

Symptoms and signs of an allergic reaction during pregnancy appear much the same as in other people. They are conditionally divided into two groups:

mild (urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis);
severe (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock).

Light forms

The most common is an allergy to citrus fruits and is characterized by flatulence and intestinal upset. In severe form, diarrhea, together with bloating, worsens, and loss of appetite.
Hives, rashes, itching - this is an allergy to sweets that affects the hands, neck, and face.
Allergy to cold is specific, occurring not only during cold weather, but also on warm days, with a cool wind or swimming in a pond. Symptoms include runny nose, rash, inflammation of the lips, headache, and bronchospasms.
Quite often, an allergy to cats develops, the symptoms of which are easy to identify - sneezing, itchy skin.
Separately, it should be noted the fact how allergies manifest themselves on the hands of pregnant women. In addition to rashes, swelling, blisters, swelling, burning or severe itching are often observed.

Severe forms

A disease that develops suddenly poses a danger to the pregnant woman’s body and requires urgent resuscitation measures. The most severe is anaphylactic shock. It occurs instantly in response to some drug, insect bite or other manipulation.

Quincke's edema affects those areas of the body where subcutaneous fluid or mucous membrane areas tend to collect: eyelids, forehead, feet, lips, hands, cheeks. In severe cases, swelling can be localized in digestive tract, aggravating the situation severe pain, nausea and vomiting.

Impact and consequences of the disease

Scientists have proven that the effect of allergies on pregnancy does not pose a threat to the fetus, since the placenta serves as an excellent barrier against the introduction of “foreign” substances. During this period, a woman’s cortisol synthesis increases. It performs two main functions at once: it promotes the normal development of the fetus and reduces the progression of this disease.

Drug treatment

It should be understood that the decisive role in treating a disease is to eliminate its symptoms. Any medications and folk remedies, if necessary, should be recommended and supervised only by a doctor. In general, prescriptions should be comprehensive, including a change in diet.

Pharmacological antihistamines that should not be used:

Diphenhydramine, Tavegil, Terfenadine, Pipolfen. For rhinitis, allergy drops with vasodilating properties are also not recommended: they have many side effects.

Intermediate drugs:

Appointed to in rare cases: Cetirizine, Fexadin, Claritin.

Activated carbon, Enterosgel.

Effective folk recipes

Alternative medicine, the recipes of which are easy to prepare yourself, is a reliable way to relieve symptoms inflammatory processes. Safe treatment allergies during pregnancy are used with folk remedies using decoctions, ointments, mash, lotions:

Salt. A weak saline solution is used for rhinitis. You can prepare it as follows: stir 1 tsp. table salt in 250 ml boiled water. Strain and place 2 drops in each nostril 3-4 times a day until symptoms disappear.
If allergies appear on the face or other areas of the skin, the mash helps a lot. You need to take liquid oil, glycerin, white clay or starch. Mix all ingredients. Apply to problem areas of the skin morning and evening. The prepared mash has a good softening and anti-inflammatory effect.
Mumiyo: 1 gram of product is diluted in 1 liter of warm boiled water. Take 100 ml daily for a month. If treatment courses are carried out in spring and autumn for two years, you can forget about problems with the immune system forever.

For the entire period of pregnancy, only the attending physician should be an advisor, whose recommendations and prescriptions must be strictly followed - this is for your health and the unborn baby.

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Pregnancy affects all processes in a woman’s body. The changes also affect the immune system, which can lead to malfunctions and immunosuppression. Against this background, the risk of developing a new and relapse of an existing allergy in the expectant mother increases. Allergies during pregnancy occur in 30% of women.

Features of allergies during pregnancy

Allergic diseases rarely appear for the first time in women in an interesting situation. By this time, many expectant mothers are already aware of “their” intolerance to certain allergens and the symptoms that the disease causes, but there are exceptions. Pregnancy can be a specific catalyst that may worsen the problem.

The expectant mother's immunity works with renewed vigor, so it can react unpredictably to any allergen. So, what allergens should you be wary of during pregnancy?

The main allergens include:

dust;
plant pollen and ragweed;
pet hair;
medications;
separate food products, often chemical additives;
ingredients of some cosmetics;
cold;
sunlight.

There are also predisposing factors that increase the risk of an allergic reaction:

chronic stress;
weakened immune defense;
uncontrolled treatment with various medications;
frequent contact with household chemicals;
wearing synthetic clothing;
abuse of cosmetics;
non-compliance with recommendations for proper nutrition;
excessive consumption of foods that are potential allergens;

Types of allergies during pregnancy

Allergies during pregnancy are of the following types:

Allergic rhinitis. It occurs with copious nasal discharge, constant sneezing and itching, and nasal congestion. A runny nose can be caused by seasonal flowering plants, particles of pet hair, and house dust. Also, the cause of such rhinitis is sometimes toxicosis of pregnant women.
Allergic conjunctivitis. Manifests profuse lacrimation, photophobia, corneal hyperemia. Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are usually combined with each other, that is, they are diagnosed at the same time. The causes will generally be the same as for allergic rhinitis.
Urticaria, dermatitis. The disease is characterized by rashes on the skin, redness and swelling of the skin, and painful itching. The external picture of the pathology resembles a nettle burn. Typically, the reaction occurs locally, at the site of contact with a potential allergen. For example, an allergy to the face during pregnancy is often the result of intolerance to one or another cosmetic.

Quincke's edema. The pathology affects the eyelids, lips, tongue and upper Airways. The disease develops rapidly and suddenly. The greatest risk is swelling of the larynx and trachea, which may result in injury respiratory function. Sometimes angioedema affects the tissues of the joints, causing pain and impaired mobility, and the digestive organs, as a result of which a woman may complain of abdominal pain and signs of intestinal obstruction.
Anaphylactic shock. The most severe form of allergy, which occurs with a change in consciousness and falling blood pressure. In the absence of appropriate help, a woman may die. Anaphylactic shock develops within an hour after encountering an allergen. Provocateurs this state may be plant pollen, medicines and cosmetics.

Effect of allergies on the fetus

Any changes in well-being worry the expectant mother. Especially if we're talking about about the first pregnancy. If before pregnancy, a woman could purchase at the pharmacy any remedy to treat allergy symptoms, now she has to think about the health of the fetus and how this or that will affect its development. medicinal product. This means that allergy pills during pregnancy must be prescribed by a specialist.

The allergic disease itself cannot affect the fetus. Irritating agents cannot penetrate the placental barrier to the unborn baby. They may have an effect in the future, when the newborn child sooner or later develops intolerance to the same allergens as the mother.

It turns out that allergies are dangerous because they can be inherited. However, this does not happen in all cases. Sometimes the father's genes gain an advantage.

You can take a more detailed look at the situation and what effect allergies during pregnancy have on the fetus by trimester in the table.

Trimester of pregnancy	Effect on the fetus
First trimester	The placenta is not formed, so it cannot protect the unborn child. During this period, the fetus begins to lay down and actively develop all its organs and systems. There is a high probability of developmental anomalies due to pathogenetic impact medications taken by the expectant mother.
Second trimester	The placental barrier is already fully formed, therefore future baby well protected from irritating factors and most medications. The only dangers are those antiallergic drugs that are contraindicated during pregnancy.
Third trimester	Allergens do not penetrate to the fetus; it is still reliably protected by the placenta until birth. But bad feeling mother against the background of allergy complications can affect the unborn child in a negative way.

It is most dangerous to treat allergies during pregnancy on your own. Most medications sold in pharmacies can adversely affect a non-developing fetus with the risk of developing abnormalities in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as a negative effect on the pregnant body. When using medications that are not recommended for the expectant mother, normal blood flow in the placenta is often disrupted. And this already threatens the life of the fetus due to a lack of oxygen and nutrition.

Also, allergies during pregnancy can cause health complications for a woman. Banal allergic rhinitis can cause attacks of bronchial asthma and anaphylactic shock, which disrupt normal breathing. Oxygen deficiency can trigger the development of fetal hypoxia. The same thing happens when a woman has a runny nose, weakness, or cough - the unborn baby feels all the changes in her body and they affect its development.

What to do if allergy symptoms appear?

It is important to consider that an allergic reaction in pregnant women is sometimes a completely normal response of the immune system, as a sign of intolerance to New Product or chemical substance. For example, a woman bought a face cream that she had not used before. In this case, the body may react inadequately to a component included in the cream that was unfamiliar to it before. As a result, a minor allergy occurs, which goes away quite quickly without any intervention.

The situation is more complicated with symptoms that have arisen before and appear during pregnancy in a woman’s body. This case requires the following actions:

Contact an allergist. If allergy symptoms appear, first of all, you need to find out their original source and diagnose the problem. The specialist prescribes to the woman diagnostic measures- usually these are skin tests or blood tests for allergies.
Start treatment on time. Allergies that arise while carrying a baby are complicated by the fact that you can not take all medications that are sold in pharmacies. Only a specialist can prescribe treatment for allergies during pregnancy, who decides which medications will be safe for the expectant mother and her child.

Avoid contact with known allergens.
Avoid eating potentially allergenic foods such as chocolate, citrus fruits, etc.
For face and body care, choose only natural cosmetics.
Limit contact with household chemicals as much as possible.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures include:

blood test to determine the total titer of immunoglobulin E and antibodies to allergens;
skin allergy tests;

studying the medical history;
recording data in a food diary if a food allergy is suspected during pregnancy.

How to treat allergies?

Helps reduce the risk of developing the disease preventive actions. It is not advisable for the expectant mother to come into contact with synthetic detergents, potentially edible allergenic products, use cosmetics to a minimum. Also, to prevent the development of allergies, a woman should avoid stress factors, both mental and physical.

Often it is nervousness and emotional distress that affect pregnancy, causing skin rashes.

If you fail to protect yourself from an allergy, you should seek medical attention at its primary manifestations. medical assistance. Only a doctor, based on a comprehensive examination, can accurately determine the causes of the disease, the specific irritant and tell how to treat allergies.

Allergies most often develop in the early stages of pregnancy, but the use of medications at this stage is extremely undesirable. If a woman experiences allergic reactions to pollen, she should stay at home if possible and wear Sunglasses and a medical mask, thoroughly wash your wardrobe items and wash your shoes after a walk.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal sprays and drops prescribed for the treatment of ordinary rhinitis also improve well-being in case of allergic rhinitis. The best allergy medications for expectant mothers - natural remedies, based on sea water. These can be Aqua Maris drops, Dolphin spray, Aqualor, etc. The listed drugs cleanse the nasal cavity, washing out allergens from the mucous membrane, and normalize nasal breathing without harming the unborn child.

In addition to the listed medications, pregnant women can use the following allergy medications for allergic rhinitis:

Pinosol drops of natural origin, which contain eucalyptus and mint oils: the drug softens the nasal mucosa, helps relieve its swelling, due to which the well-being of allergies improves;
Prevalin spray - this medicine forms an invisible film on the nasal mucosa, neutralizing the effect of allergens;
Salin drops - the drug is based on sodium chloride, its main effect is to safely cleanse the nasal cavity of potential irritants.

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Innox drops, which contain only natural ingredients, are suitable for instillation into the eyes.

Treatment of itching, skin rashes, peeling. Allergy ointment during pregnancy helps get rid of skin reactions - rashes, dermatitis. For expectant mothers, the safest would be zinc ointment, which dries skin, successfully relieving inflammation and external manifestations of allergies. An alternative to zinc ointment can be Tsindol, which is based on zinc oxide.

Also effective against skin allergic reactions are ointments and creams with extracts of medicinal plants. For example, ointment containing calendula, chamomile, celandine, etc. You can buy them at the pharmacy.

If we are talking about atopic dermatitis, then Physiogel has proven itself well. It is applied to areas of the skin damaged by inflammation and scratching in a thin layer. The product moisturizes the skin well, promoting its regeneration. It can be used on the face as an allergy cream during pregnancy.

Treatment of food and drug allergies. The main treatment for these conditions, which has a positive effect on the well-being of the expectant mother, is to cleanse the body. Typically, this type of allergy occurs with clinical signs of urticaria and other rashes. Therefore, the first thing to do is to eliminate the potential irritant from consumption, and then cleanse the body with the help of drugs such as Enterosgel and Laktofiltrum.

In case of a severe allergic reaction, if the skin allergy is accompanied by severe itching and discomfort, you can drink a double dosage of any sorbent (Activated carbon, etc.). The amount of the drug depends on the weight of the expectant mother: 1 tablet is designed for 5 kg of body weight.

Antihistamines during pregnancy

This point needs to be considered separately, since taking medications In case of allergies during pregnancy, it is important to use great caution and with the permission of the attending physician. The allergist examines the patient’s medical history, conducts appropriate diagnostics and examination, and, if necessary (if the means of prevention and the above methods of treating allergic diseases do not help), prescribes antihistamines, provided that the potential risk of complications for the developing fetus is not higher than the expected benefits of treatment.

It is highly undesirable to use all drops and tablets that have an antihistamine effect to treat allergies in the first 12 weeks of gestation. As for the second and third trimester, there are no such serious restrictions; antiallergic drugs are prescribed much more often.

It is important to take into account that no one antihistamine, consumed during pregnancy, cannot give 100% guarantees of safety in relation to the unborn child, even if it is taken under the supervision of a doctor. There is still a risk.

The following table will discuss the problem of choosing drugs for the treatment of allergies by trimester.

Trimester	Choice of treatment
First trimester	Any antihistamines are prohibited, as there is a high risk of developing pregnancy complications and abnormal development of organs and systems in the fetus. What to do if allergies during pregnancy occur in the first trimester? It is necessary to limit ourselves to preventive measures and carry out treatment using safe means: nasal drops (Aqua Maris, Salin) and Pinosol for rhinorrhea; - zinc ointment or paste, Physiogel - for skin rashes; homeopathic medicines - Rinitol EDAS 131, Euphorbium compositum - have a positive effect on the immune system, combat the manifestations of allergic rhinitis; Lactofiltrum, Enterosgel, Activated carbon - for food allergies.
Second trimester	Treatment in the second trimester has more expanded boundaries, since the placental barrier, which protects the fetus from the negative effects of medications, has already been formed. How to treat if an allergy occurs during pregnancy at this stage: antihistamines - Diazolin, Pheniramine; hormonal drugs - Dexamethasone, Prednisolone; vitamins - vitamin C and vitamin B12 are natural antihistamines that reduce the signs of allergies, eliminate dermatoses, and bronchial asthma.
Third trimester	A problem such as allergies can be solved much easier in the third trimester than in other stages of pregnancy. A woman is prescribed new generation antihistamines characterized by increased level security. These may be Fenistil, Zyrtec, Fexadin and other drugs.

Trimester

Choice of treatment

First trimester

Any antihistamines are prohibited, as there is a high risk of developing pregnancy complications and abnormal development of organs and systems in the fetus.

What to do if allergies during pregnancy occur in the first trimester? It is necessary to limit ourselves to preventive measures and carry out treatment using safe means:

nasal drops (Aqua Maris, Salin) and Pinosol for rhinorrhea; - zinc ointment or paste, Physiogel - for skin rashes;
homeopathic medicines - Rinitol EDAS 131, Euphorbium compositum - have a positive effect on the immune system, combat the manifestations of allergic rhinitis;

Lactofiltrum, Enterosgel, Activated carbon - for food allergies.

Second trimester

Treatment in the second trimester has more expanded boundaries, since the placental barrier, which protects the fetus from the negative effects of medications, has already been formed. How to treat if an allergy occurs during pregnancy at this stage:

antihistamines - Diazolin, Pheniramine;
hormonal drugs - Dexamethasone, Prednisolone;

vitamins - vitamin C and vitamin B12 are natural antihistamines that reduce the signs of allergies, eliminate dermatoses, and bronchial asthma.

Third trimester

A problem such as allergies can be solved much easier in the third trimester than in other stages of pregnancy. A woman is prescribed new generation antihistamines characterized by increased level security. These may be Fenistil, Zyrtec, Fexadin and other drugs.

Prohibited during pregnancy

Not all antihistamines can be taken for allergies, since many of them can harm the mother and the unborn child. Let's list them:

Diphenhydramine - provokes increased excitability, the myometrium can cause tone and premature contractions of the uterus, resulting in spontaneous abortion or premature delivery;
Pipolfen - has a poisonous effect, destroying the fetus with toxic substances;
Astemizole - like Pipolfen, kills the unborn child in the womb with toxins;

Terfenadine - may cause fetal weight loss;
Suprastin is prescribed in exceptional cases when it comes to saving the woman herself.

Allergy prevention

To prevent allergies from taking you by surprise during pregnancy, the expectant mother should adhere to the following tips on prevention (especially for women who are already familiar with allergies).

1. Proper nutrition. It is important to eat exclusively high-quality and natural products. It is advisable to exclude all potential allergens from your diet, for example: strawberries, chocolate, citrus and much more. You shouldn't try new cuisine and change your taste habits. Pregnancy is not the time for experiments.

2. Healthy image life. Adequate sleep, walks in the fresh air, and avoidance of bad habits, including second-hand tobacco smoking, are essential aspects of the healthy development of the unborn baby.

3. Self-care. Cosmetics and body care products during pregnancy must be selected especially carefully, as they can cause an intolerance reaction in the expectant mother. Preference should be given to hypoallergenic products. The same goes for fabrics. The materials that surround the expectant mother, for example, from which her clothes are made, must be natural.

When planning a pregnancy or when it occurs, you should visit an allergist to find out what medications he recommends. Every expectant mother's medicine cabinet should contain medications that provide minimal by-effect for the fruit. This option is much better than not knowing what medication is available for an allergy if it occurs suddenly. An antihistamine taken in time can save the life of the expectant mother and fetus.

At the end of the article, I would like to note that allergies and pregnancy can be dangerous combination, if treatment is ineffective and untimely. But you should not self-medicate, as this can be dangerous for the unborn child. Any medications must be prescribed by a specialist.

Etiology of the phenomenon

It often happens that after the placenta is formed, the symptoms and manifestations of allergies in pregnant women disappear. Irritants for the expectant mother may be the following:

pollen from flowering plants;
pet hair;
household chemicals;
cosmetics used before pregnancy;
cold;
house dust and fluff;
medications taken;
new products or nutritional supplements.

There are predisposing factors:

heredity;
weakened immunity (and this always occurs in pregnant women);
stress;
uncontrolled use of various drugs;
abuse of cosmetics and synthetics;
eating disorders;
bad climate and ecology.

Hormonal changes also contribute to the worsening of the problem.

The mechanism of allergic reactions

Allergies and pregnancy: what to do? First of all, don't panic. This is a special reaction of the body to any substance that is foreign and hostile to the immune system. The immune system begins to produce antibodies to such an allergen (irritant), histamine is released and all allergy symptoms appear. For this reaction to occur, a hereditary predisposition or other provoking factors are necessary.

This behavior of the body is not a disease - it is just an overly violent reaction of the immune system.

An allergic reaction occurs in 3 stages:

The allergen has entered the body, and the immune system, in response to irritation, immediately begins to produce antibodies. Antibodies first bind to mast cells (mastocytes).
When the allergen re-enters the mast cells, they degranulate and release a lot of biologically active substances - histamine. It triggers allergic symptoms.
During the reaction, the vessels expand and the permeability of their walls increases. The result of this is inflammation and swelling of existing skin rashes. In severe cases, complications such as Quincke's edema may occur.

The dangers of allergies during pregnancy

The allergy itself cannot affect the child’s health, because the mother’s antigens are not transmitted through the placenta. The fruit is reliably protected. But you shouldn’t sit and wait for the allergy to go away. Components of some medications taken during treatment can penetrate to the fetus, which can lead to allergies during pregnancy.

1st trimester - the laying of all organs is underway, there is no placenta yet, and therefore there is no full protection. At this point, the mother's allergy medications may have adverse effects on the fetus. This can be expressed in the appearance of various developmental anomalies.
2nd trimester - the danger is much less, since the main organs are already formed and the placenta has developed. But if the drugs taken are contraindicated for the fetus, and the mother uses them, the danger arises again.
3rd trimester - the placental barrier protects, but the mother’s well-being may worsen due to worsening allergies. Then this may affect the fetus, it becomes less active.

What complications can allergies cause in a pregnant woman? With rhinitis, normal breathing is disrupted, hypoxia and bronchospasm develop, which is very harmful to the fetus. The case may result in a transition to bronchial asthma (in 2% of cases). The child immediately reacts to any ailments in the mother. But most often, allergies can only bring discomfort to the mother.

Symptomatic manifestations

Nature has it in such a way that upon conception, immunity decreases. This is necessary so that immune cells, which perceive the embryo as a foreign body, do not kill it with antibodies.

The hypersensitive immunity of a pregnant woman requires increased attention and caution when choosing food and environmental influences.

Symptoms are combined into several groups:

Complications of allergies

The complications include the following:

Anaphylactic shock is an immediate allergic reaction. With it, the number of allergens in the blood goes off scale. In this case, an immediate drop in blood pressure occurs, bronchospasm and loss of consciousness occur, severe vomiting and diarrhea, convulsions and difficulty breathing, and a sharp rise in temperature.
Quincke's edema is swelling of the larynx that develops quite quickly if help is not provided.
Generalized urticaria - not only does urticaria spread throughout the body, but the functioning of internal organs is also disrupted. This type of rash is often chronic and is therefore accompanied by itching and flaking of the skin, weakness and irritability. This is observed with hay fever.

Diagnosis of allergies in pregnant women

For diagnostic purposes, skin tests are performed: drops of allergens are applied to the forearm and the results are observed after 10–15 minutes.

The size of the papules determines sensitivity to any substance.

Principles of treatment

How to treat allergies during pregnancy? There are traditional drug therapy and non-traditional therapy using folk remedies. When prescribing treatment, there will be no immediate results, so there is no need to panic and be indignant. Symptoms will begin to subside only after a few days. Most often, first-generation drugs are not prescribed during pregnancy - Suprastin, Diphenhydramine (causes uterine contractions and can lead to premature birth), Tavegil (sharply negative effect on the fetus), Pipolfen (poisons and destroys the fetus), etc.

Prohibited for use in pregnant women: Astemizole (very toxic, causes fetal death), Terfenadine (reduces weight and slows down fetal growth).

Suprastin is used only in extreme cases of acute allergies. The same applies to Allertek, Fexadin, Tavegil - their use is extremely undesirable during gestation. Treatment of allergies in pregnant women with these drugs is possible only during exacerbations of the process in situations that threaten the life of the mother. Claritin, Fexadin, Cetrin are applicable when the benefit to the mother outweighs all the risks.

Local treatment is also used, but hormonal ointments are not used for pregnant women. Other drugs used on the skin should act only superficially, without being absorbed into the blood (Purelan, Oilatum). They protect against irritation and cover the skin with a special film. If you have allergies on your hands during pregnancy, you can use antihistamine ointments with herbal ingredients: chamomile, celandine, calendula, Physiogel. A weeping rash can be lubricated with Zinc ointment, Tsindol, and treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.

How to treat allergies in pregnant women with other means? The following enterosorbents are safe and mandatory: Enterosgel, Enterofuril, Polysorb, Laktofiltrum, activated carbon. They remove toxins from the intestines. Enterosgel can be used even during breastfeeding. For hay fever and rhinitis, plant-based drops such as Pinosol, Pinovit, Humer, Aqualor, Aqua Maris, Salin, Marimer can be recommended. Salin and Prevalin sprays are effective.

They are not used for a long time and often so as not to cause hypoxia in the fetus.

In the treatment of allergic rhinitis, vitamins C, pantothenic acid, B12, and PP are also used. Applicable homeopathic drops Euphorbium compositum, Rinitol. Nazivin, Vibrocil, Xymelin, For nose are prohibited for use in pregnant women. Calcium chloride, which is often prescribed for allergies, should not be taken by pregnant women. Therapy for allergic conjunctivitis is carried out by using drops of Vitabact, Visin, Oftolik, Acular, etc.

Treatment of allergies during pregnancy should take into account the trimester of pregnancy:

In the 1st trimester, any antihypertensive drugs are prohibited.
In the 2nd trimester, Diazolin, Pheniramine, hormonal drugs Dexamethasone, Prednisolone are allowed.
In the 3rd trimester, it is possible to take third-generation AGPs (Fenistil, Zyrtec, Fexadin, Erius, etc.).

You need to constantly fight allergies using suitable products.

Folk remedies

Bathing in herbal decoctions has a beneficial effect on the skin: string, calendula, chamomile, oak, sage.

Sequence should not be taken orally by pregnant women. You can drink celery juice. The affected areas can be lubricated with saline solution. Homemade ointment made from glycerin and starch with vodka is also suitable for lubricating the skin. Any herb should be used after consultation with a doctor.

Preventive actions

Allergies during pregnancy can be suspended. A prerequisite is a hypoallergenic diet. It must be followed throughout pregnancy. During the combination of pregnancy and allergies, people switch to a hypoallergenic lifestyle. First you need to give up active smoking and eliminate passive smoking. After walking, the nose and eyes should be rinsed with clean water, and saline solution should be used in the nose.

Wet cleaning of premises will help in the fight against allergies.

Try to remove all accumulations of dust and mites: carpets, excess upholstered furniture, stuffed animals, feather pillows, old books. If you don’t want to get rid of them, wrap them in cellophane and put them away during pregnancy. Wear only natural clothes and underwear. It is better to refrain from new cosmetics, and old ones should be used carefully.

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