Chronic atrophic gastritis: symptoms and treatment with folk remedies for chronic atrophic gastritis. What is mixed superficial and atrophic gastritis and how to treat it

Atrophic gastritis is a chronic form of gastritis that leads to the disappearance of the parietal cells of the stomach and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the secretion of hydrochloric acid, vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia.

This type gastritis leads to the fact that the gastric mucosa becomes sharply thinner and the glands atrophy. The onset of the disease is characterized by damage to the fundus of the stomach, then the production of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, the enzymes responsible for digestion, is disrupted. After this, the process only gets worse; the stomach is injured by food that gets inside. The area of ​​atrophy depends on the degree of trauma.

Atrophic gastritis is one of the most dangerous forms chronic gastritis. If comprehensive treatment of atrophic gastritis is not started in time, it can quickly develop into stomach cancer.

Focal atrophic gastritis

This type is manifested by the formation of pathological inflammatory foci in the wall of the stomach with a compensatory increase in the function of those parts of the organ that are not affected.

Mild forms of focal gastritis are accompanied by slight discomfort in the epigastric region, a burning sensation and pain after immediately eating. Nausea and a feeling of heaviness can appear not only after a heavy meal, but even after a light breakfast.

If these symptoms are ignored, the disease progresses:

• the patient loses his appetite,
• To initial symptoms heartburn is added
• pain syndrome intensifies
• a person loses weight,
• weakness and low-grade fever appear.

Often the course of focal gastritis is accompanied by an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach and an increase in general acidity, as in gastritis with high acidity.

Antral atrophic gastritis

It is characterized by the development of atrophy in the antrum - the place where the stomach passes into the duodenum. In most cases, mucosal damage occurs first in this section, after which it begins to spread to the rest of the stomach. Cells responsible for mucus production are localized in this area.

The main symptoms of gastritis of the antrum of the stomach, in which this section is deformed and narrowed, are as follows:

• decreased appetite;
• belching with an unpleasant aftertaste;
• nausea;
• heartburn after eating;
• feeling of fullness, heaviness, bloating in the stomach;
• diarrhea (sometimes constipation);
• rumbling in the stomach;
• intense spasmodic pain in the stomach, occurring half an hour to an hour after eating;
• general weakness;
• irritability.

Atrophic changes in this section lead to a cessation of mucus production, which can provoke an increase in stomach acidity, which in turn will eventually lead to the development of peptic ulcers. Scarring of ulcers causes narrowing of the pyloric region.

Causes

Why does it occur atrophic gastritis, So what's this? At present, the causes of atrophic gastritis have not been fully studied, but despite this, experts in the field of gastroenterology refer to the following list of supposed factors causing the pathological process:

1. When consumed too hot, spicy foods, too cold, poorly chewed and hot foods.
2. Chemical substances– when it gets into the stomach cavity or when alkali and acid vapors are inhaled, a violent chemical reaction occurs that harms the condition of the gastric mucosa.
3. Availability bad habits – alcohol abuse, smoking, frequent use carbonated drinks and coffee also lead to the development of the disease.
4. Medicines – long-term use medications can adversely affect the mucous membrane.
5. - the process of throwing contents from the intestines into the stomach. Due to this process the mucous membrane is injured, which leads to the occurrence of atrophic gastritis.
6. Also, the occurrence of gastritis can become consequence bacterial infection or autoimmune processes in the body. In the first case, the disease manifests itself due to the proliferation of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Initially, as a result of their vital activity, superficial atrophic gastritis appears, then it passes into a more serious stage. The second case is characterized by a malfunction of the immune system, when the body “eats” its own cells, which are perceived by the body as foreign.

Atrophic gastritis is dangerous because treatment no longer provides a guarantee of full recovery and recovery. Gastroenterologists regard this form of gastritis as a precancerous condition. Atrophy of the mucous membrane and endocrine glands of the stomach seriously weakens the immune system as a whole.

The body begins to produce an insufficient amount of immunoglobulin, and antibodies that are supposed to fight foreign microorganisms begin to “kill” their cells. Against the background of this process, the patient develops an autoimmune disease.

Symptoms of atrophic gastritis

It is believed that in the first stages of moderately severe atrophic gastritis, the clinical picture is erased and does not have specific symptoms. But at further stages, symptoms appear, forcing the doctor to think about the pathology of the stomach, and not another organ.

General symptoms of atrophic gastritis in adults:

• loss of appetite;
• heaviness and rumbling in the stomach after eating;
• constant belching (of air) with an unpleasant smell like rotten eggs;
• then constipation, then diarrhea;
• sometimes aching pain in the stomach after eating;
• B12 is deficient and, or;
• polished tongue;
• weakness, sweating, fatigue;
• weight loss by late stages diseases.

Sometimes pain syndrome may occur, when a feeling of discomfort occurs in the form of dull aching pain, especially after eating. However distinctive feature atrophic gastritis is that there may be no pain at all, or they may manifest themselves weakly, almost imperceptibly for a person and, as a rule, transient. Acute pain absent in atrophic gastritis.

Over time, due to malabsorption in the stomach and intestines nutrients and vitamins, patients may experience dry and pale skin, which is due to developed anemia. Due to a lack of vitamin A, vision can deteriorate, and a lack of ascorbic acid may cause increased bleeding of the gums, which will further aggravate the manifestations of anemia.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of atrophic gastritis is based on analysis clinical manifestations disease, endoscopic examination data, histological examination of gastric biopsies, assessment of the functional activity of the stomach and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Functional diagnosis of atrophic gastritis includes:

• pH measurement, which can be used to determine the secretory ability of parietal cells;
• study of gastric enzyme activity and general proteolytic activity gastric juice;
  motor function diagnostics digestive tract, based on the results of gastrography.

Daily pH-metry is the “gold standard” for assessing the secretory function of the stomach in atrophic gastritis. Its implementation is necessary to determine the patient’s treatment tactics, prognosis and monitor the effectiveness of therapy. On average, daily pH ranges from 3 to 6.

A mandatory study for any form of gastritis is to determine the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium on the mucous membrane. This study allows you to determine the cause of damage to the mucous membrane of the organ, since in most cases the predisposing factor in the development of atrophic gastritis is a long-term Helicobacter infection.

Treatment of atrophic gastritis

In the case of atrophic gastritis, treatment is prescribed taking into account the stage of the course destructive process, state of secretory function, general condition patient and taking into account concomitant diseases:

1. It is necessary to begin treatment of atrophic gastritis in women and men with changes in diet and diet. The diet is aimed at preventing mechanical trauma to the gastric mucosa, so food should be thoroughly crushed and taken warm. Fatty varieties meat and fish, meat broths, mushrooms, spices and foods that irritate the lining of the stomach should be excluded from the diet - sour, fried, spicy, pickled, smoked, pickles are also removed. In addition, it is not recommended to eat carbonated drinks, coffee, alcohol, and easily digestible carbohydrates (chocolate, candy, cakes, baked goods).
2. , if acid-fast bacteria have a significant effect on pathogenesis. Helicobacter pylori eradication methods are constantly being improved.
3. Replacement therapy. In case of serious disturbance of the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, it is possible to use natural gastric juice - Abomin, Pepsidil, Acidin-pepsin. And also preparations of pancreatic enzymes - Mezim, Pankurmen, Creon, Pancreatin.
4. Relieving pain. For severe pain, it is possible to use anticholinergic drugs - Metacin, Platyfillin, Gastrocepin, and antispasmodics - Noshpa, Halidor, Buscopan, Papaverine.
5. Stimulation of stomach muscles. Medicines, such as Cerucal, Motilium can be prescribed to improve the motor function of the stomach.

All of the above drugs are prescribed during the active phase of gastric inflammation with symptoms of atrophy. During remission main principle treatment – ​​replenishment of substances missing for proper digestion.

Is it possible to cure atrophic gastritis?

This disease can be cured, but only under medical supervision. Treatment of atrophic gastritis in women and men is prescribed solely taking into account the general health of the patient, stage, state of secretory function, related problems and so on.

Diet

The diet for atrophic gastritis is selected in accordance with the patient’s age, his individual characteristics, stage of the disease and concomitant diseases. It is aimed at reducing thermal, chemical and mechanical trauma to the stomach.

As a rule, during an exacerbation of the disease, diet No. 1 is prescribed - mechanically, thermally and chemically sparing: meals 5-6 times a day in small portions, mucous pureed puree soups, low-fat broths, crackers, jelly, porridge are consumed.

With a decrease in signs of inflammation dietary recommendations become less strict, diet No. 2 is prescribed. Its goal is to restore impaired digestive functions and limit the load on the gastrointestinal tract while maintaining the completeness of the patient’s diet.

Important conditions of this diet that help stimulate gastric secretion are: strict adherence diet, thorough chewing of food and a calm environment while eating.

Forecast

The prognosis of the disease is worse in patients age group over 50 years old - at this age, metaplastic processes develop much faster and more often lead to malignancy.

Of great importance for complete recovery is early start treatment, as well as the degree of eradication of the infectious agent. If, during a re-examination after a course of anti-Helicobacter therapy, microorganisms are determined in the gastric contents, then the course should be repeated.

Prevention

Doctors consider the main factor in the successful prevention of atrophic gastritis timely treatment helicobacter pylori. All you need to do is go through special course treatment, which lasts on average from seven to fourteen days. I usually prescribe three medications to patients, most of them antibiotics.

It is strictly forbidden to personally engage in choosing the right medications, as this can be fraught with complications. Only professional doctor is competent in such matters.

One of the rarest forms of gastritis is atrophic. As a rule, this form is not accompanied by bright severe symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the first sign and begin treatment. If a patient has had this disease for many years, severe thinning of the mucous membrane occurs, which can cause ulcers and bleeding.

What is atrophic gastritis? Most often, this disease leads to cancer in elderly, middle-aged men, and less often in women. The danger is that inflammatory process it is difficult to notice, since in atrophic gastritis the symptoms do not appear or are not pronounced.

The key word in this disease is atrophy. In simple words, gastric cells present in the secretory glands experience an atrophying process and degeneration. The cells lose their full ability to work and stop producing the components of gastric juice.

On initial stage The disease transforms the glands into simple formations that secrete mucus rather than juice. Most often, atrophic gastritis develops when low acidity stomach. Given that mucus is produced, proper digestion is disrupted. The walls become covered with mucus, the internal environment becomes slightly acidic, and sometimes achylia develops. The main danger is that atrophic gastritis is a serious provocateur and stimulator of stomach cancer in the human body.

Is it possible to cure atrophic gastritis? It has been established that it is impossible to completely cure cellular atrophy. However, it is correct rational treatment gastritis, aimed at restoring the mucosa, will reduce the risk of cancer. As a preventive measure, you should follow proper nutrition for atrophic gastritis, use special infusions and decoctions of herbs, take appropriate medications. Treatment and preventive measures are prescribed by the attending physician.

Symptoms

It is generally accepted that in the first stages, moderately severe atrophic gastritis is represented by an erased, blurred clinic, without characteristic signs. However, later the picture changes, the doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment for atrophic gastritis.

Basically, the symptoms of atrophic gastritis manifest themselves as follows:

• nausea with vomiting that does not bring relief;
• belching;
• feeling of a full stomach;
• Availability bad taste in the oral cavity;
• heartburn;
• painful sensations in the epigastric region after eating;
• rumbling and bloating;
• lack of appetite;
• weight loss;
• constipation/diarrhea;
• deficiency of vitamins such as B12, A, C;
• iron deficiency anemia;
• dry skin;
• immunity weakens significantly, a person catches a cold more often;
• fungal infections of the skin, nails, hair;
• baldness;
• tongue atrophied by plaque;
• gastric juice is poorly produced or vice versa;
• weakness and apathy;
• intestinal pain resembling dysentery.

This disease can be determined using functional, laboratory, instrumental research. Get full information regarding pathology based on CT, ultrasound, MRI, and x-rays is impossible. The best way Diagnosis of atrophic gastritis with low acidity is gastroscopy, endoscopy or chromogastroscopy.

Classification of the disease

There are several types of this disease, each of which differs in certain symptoms. All types of atrophic gastritis can occur in acute or chronic form.

The main types of disease in atrophic gastritis of the stomach:

Chronic type

It is an independent disease. It is characterized by active atrophy of glandular tissues, where dystrophy prevails over inflammation. Pathogenesis provokes a transformation of motor, absorption, and secretory functions. Others are involved in the process important organs: liver, esophagus, endocrine glands, duodenum. Due to general intoxication of the body, the process affects nervous system, blood. The chronic type of atrophic gastritis has the following symptoms:

• thick epithelium;
• thinning, smoothing of the gastric mucosa;
• infiltration, leukocytes moderate;
• decreased function of the secretory glands;
• cell degeneration.

Diffuse type

Diffuse atrophic gastritis is accompanied by dangerous dystrophic changes occurring in the body. This type of inflammatory process is considered an intermediate form between the superficial and dystrophic type. The main symptom is that there are local foci of transformation of the gastric glands, and secretory activity is disrupted.

Surface type

Superficial atrophic gastritis is recognized as a harbinger of atrophic inflammation of the stomach. With this type, minimal damage is observed and there are no obvious symptoms. The endoscope shows minor changes.

Hemorrhagic type

Hemorrhagic gastritis is considered a type of erosive inflammation that affects large areas and forms many bleeding erosive points and ulcers. Quite often it is called necrotic. This type of disease occurs due to burns, injuries and shock.

Acute type

At acute gastritis inflammation of the gastric walls is observed. This type is also called active look diseases. Symptoms: diarrhea, fainting, severe pain and vomiting, high fever, and sometimes coma occurs.

Mixed type

Mixed superficial and atrophic gastritis affects the mucous membrane, and there are signs of several types of the disease. Basically, this type of gastritis is observed during pathological processes. The causative agent of the disease is Helicobater. Atrophic and mixed superficial type are not rare types of gastritis. Most often, it occurs due to poor nutrition, stress, stress and lack of sleep. If mixed and atrophic gastritis is not treated in a timely manner, there is a risk of developing cancer.

Features of therapeutic therapy

The main goal of treatment is the need to restore the gastric mucosa. In this case, therapy involves the following stages:

• diet therapy - it is important to eat correctly, balanced, and in small portions;
• the use of folk methods and remedies: herbal decoctions, special oils, apitherapy;
• giving up bad habits - smoking, alcohol;
• treatment with medications – vitamins, antibiotics, antacids and analgesics, sedatives and antioxidant;
• recommended Spa treatment, as well as performing special exercises.

The following can be used as medications:

• Karinat;
• De-nol;
• Omeprazole;
• Nolpazu;
• Rennie;
• Almagel;
• Befungin and others.

Popular traditional methods treatment:

• before breakfast you can eat a special mixture - 1 teaspoon of blueberries, ground with a small amount of sugar;
• Regularly consume decoctions of herbs such as chamomile or mint.

You can take 50 grams of the following components: mint, calendula, St. John's wort, chamomile, dandelion, sage, calamus (root), plantain. Chop all the herbs and mix. 4 tablespoons herbal mixture must be brewed in a liter of boiling water. Drink 3 times a day, 100 milliliters.

Sea ​​buckthorn

Treatment and prevention of gastritis sea ​​buckthorn oil It has positive results. The course of treatment continues for 30 days. Take 5 ml before meals. The oil has a bactericidal effect, improves metabolism in cells, and stimulates the digestive glands.

Herbs

The following is considered an excellent recipe: angelica root, St. John's wort, mint, dill seeds, calamus, eyebright and wormwood must be crushed and brewed in a glass of hot boiled water. Leave for three hours. Take before meals three times a day.

Everyone knows that a bee is a unique insect that produces the most useful and valuable medicines: honey, propolis, bee bread. As for pollen, it has a beneficial effect on intestinal peristalsis and eliminates harmful microflora that are resistant to antibiotics. To treat gastritis, it must be taken with herbal infusions and extracts.

If the acidity is high, take the pollen with the following decoction: mix 2 tbsp. l. dried cucumbers and plantain, 1 tbsp. spoon of knotweed, calamus root, mint and cumin, St. John's wort and centaury, pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave in a thermos for 3 hours. Drink ½ cup three times a day with the addition of 1 tsp. pollen.

When atrophic gastritis occurs against a background of low acidity, pollen is taken with honey. The proportion is one to one, consume 3 times a day before meals, 1 tsp. In order for the pollen to release all its healing qualities, it is better to infuse it with water. The duration of therapy is 30 days. If necessary, the course is repeated after two weeks.

Hot red pepper

Preparation of the infusion: pour ½ teaspoon of powder into a liter of boiling water, leave until cool. Drink 1 tsp. thirty minutes before meals. It qualitatively cleanses the body of ulcers and kills bacteria.

It is impossible to completely cure the atrophic inflammatory process, but there is a chance to stop its development, thereby avoiding complications. To do this, you need to adhere to proper and regular nutrition, get proper rest, and take special medications and use folk remedies. It is important to visit a doctor in a timely manner and undergo examination.

Atrophic gastritis is called the most dangerous type chronic damage to the stomach. It is this form of the disease that most often leads to the appearance of malignant tumors. In most cases, the pathology is diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly men. The danger of the disease lies in the fact that at the initial stage it is asymptomatic, and therefore often goes unattended.

Atrophic gastritis is an inflammatory lesion of the mucous membrane and glands of the stomach, which is characterized by a severe reduction in the number of normally functioning cells. Atrophic processes are accompanied by disruption of the structure of stomach cells, which subsequently provokes their death. As a result, the ability to produce mucus and enzymes and absorb nutrients is lost.

With such gastritis, the manifestations of the disease are associated with a significant loss of the mucous layer of the stomach, a decrease in the synthesis of gastric juice and insufficient good absorption food.

Endoscopy, atrophic borders (yellow line) in patients with gastritis.

Stages

Atrophic gastritis can have different course options - in particular, it can have an acute or chronic form. In the first case, we are talking about the stage of exacerbation of the disease, the symptoms of which are similar to acute superficial inflammation of the organ. Based on the diagnostic results, the following symptoms of the disease can be established:

• swelling of the stomach walls;
• exit of leukocytes beyond the boundaries of blood vessels;
• blood vessels overflowing;
• disruption of the epithelium, more in rare cases– appearance of erosions.

The manifestations of such gastritis can be different. These include expressed painful sensations, bowel movements, fever, vomiting, loss of consciousness. If the gastric mucosa is exposed to strong pathogenic substances, this can lead to fatal outcome. Death occurs due to severe intoxication body.

Chronic form

Chronic gastritis is an independent pathology. It is characterized by long-term progression of atrophy. In this case, dystrophic processes, rather than inflammatory ones, play a key role.

As a result of the development of such gastritis, gastric motility and secretion are disrupted, and its absorption function suffers. As the disease progresses, problems with functioning arise. duodenum, esophagus, liver, etc. Since intoxication occurs, the circulatory and nervous systems also take part in the process.

In general, the symptoms of this form of the pathological process are in many ways reminiscent of the symptoms of gastritis with low acidity. When conducting diagnostics, the following violations can be identified:

• thinning of the stomach wall;
• wide pits;
• squamous epithelium;
• smoothness of the mucous membrane;
• low secretion;
• moderate release of leukocytes beyond the boundaries of blood vessels;
• changes in glandular cells.

Classification

There are quite a few types of atrophic gastritis, each of which is characterized by certain features.

Focal gastritis

This form of pathology is characterized by changes in the tissue of the organ wall. In some cases, the disease is accompanied by high acidity of the juice. Most likely, this is due to compensation for the work of impaired foci by increasing acid production. The remaining manifestations of the disease do not differ from the symptoms of ordinary gastritis.

In subclinical cases focal gastritis accompanied by poor tolerance of certain categories of products. These include fatty meat, eggs, milk. After eating such dishes, a person suffers from heartburn and nausea, and sometimes vomits.

Superficial gastritis

This term refers to the initial stage of development chronic inflammation. In this case, the damage is not pronounced, clinical manifestations are practically absent.

To put accurate diagnosis, endoscopic examination should be performed. Based on the diagnostic results, it is possible to establish moderate impairment epithelial structure, normal thickness of the gastric wall, slight increase cell secretion.

Moderate gastritis

Depending on the level of involvement of the gland tissue in the pathological process, moderate inflammation is sometimes diagnosed. This term is quite conditional and consists of a slight change in the cells of an organ.

It helps to identify this disease only histological examination. In this case, the volume is determined healthy cells, and also perform an analysis of changes in stomach tissue.

The manifestations of this form of the disease resemble ordinary ones. The pain that often accompanies exacerbations of gastritis is not always present.

Patients often experience epigastric discomfort - most often it appears after eating. Pain syndrome is observed exclusively after eating heavy foods - smoked meats, marinades, pickles, spicy or fatty foods.

Antral gastritis

The antrum is the lower part of the stomach, which is located near the duodenum. The pathology is characterized by scarring of this area of ​​the organ. With the development of this form of the disease, the following manifestations occur:

• pain stupid character, which are localized in the solar plexus;
• nausea in the morning;
• loss of appetite;
• belching after eating;
• weight loss;
• general weakness.

Based on the results, it is possible to determine its decrease in the slightly acidic direction. Instrumental procedures help detect deformation and strong changes on the walls of the affected organ. Ulcerative defects often occur.

Diffuse gastritis

In this case, there are no pronounced dystrophic processes. This type of disease is an intermediate stage between superficial and dystrophic disorders.

The main manifestation of the diffuse form of gastritis is the appearance of foci of degeneration of the glands of the organ, as well as the appearance of immature cells that have symptoms of impaired secretion.

Symptoms of diffuse gastritis also include:

• the appearance of ridges on the walls of the organ;
• deepening of pits;
• microstructural disorders of cells.

Erosive gastritis

In this case, inflammatory damage to the stomach is accompanied by the appearance of erosions on the surface of the organ. It is quite difficult to identify this disease based on the clinical picture. However, you should pay attention to the following symptoms:

• pain in the projection of the organ;
• heartburn;
• bowel dysfunction;
• the appearance of pain after eating or on an empty stomach.

(A) erosive gastritis, (B ~ D) superficial gastritis, (E) hypertrophic gastritis, (F), atrophic gastritis, (G), focal gastritis, (H) metaplastic gastritis.

Mixed gastritis

With the development of this form of the disease, several forms of gastritis are combined. Quite often a combination of superficial, hypertrophic and erosive processes is observed. Doctors note that one patient may have 2-4 forms of the disease at once.

Symptoms

Atrophic gastritis has a characteristic clinical picture. The most common symptoms of the disease include the following:

Causes

The exact causes of such gastritis have not yet been established. However, there are indirect risk factors, which include inflammation of the stomach, the presence of pathologies digestive system And age processes in organism. So, the following reasons can increase the likelihood of atrophic gastritis:

• Autoimmune processes - the synthesis of antibodies to gastric cells, which are responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid. In this case, the process of their death begins, which entails a decrease in acid production.

In addition, antibodies to gastromucoprotein may appear. The consequence of this process is considered to be problems with the binding of this substance to vitamin B12. Another type of antibody can negatively affect proteins that bind gastritis. As a result, important receptors die off.

• Helicobacteriosis - consists of increased activity bacteria Helicobacter pylori. It is this microorganism that negatively affects the condition of the gastric mucosa.

These bacteria can be present in a healthy stomach without causing negative influence on his condition. However, subject to the influence of the complex harmful factors, such as a weakened immune system or eating disorders, an inflammatory process occurs.

• Availability accompanying pathologies digestive system. Such diseases include pancreatitis, enterocolitis, cholecystitis.
• Consuming excess amounts alcoholic drinks.
• Uncontrolled use of drugs.
• Chronic intoxication of the body.
• Complex forms of infectious diseases.
• Genetic predisposition.

Diagnostics

To put correct diagnosis, the doctor may order the following tests:

• fluoroscopy of the stomach;
• histology;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy, which is accompanied by urease testing to identify the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• probing;
• pH-metry, which is carried out inside the stomach.

Treatment

Based on the diagnostic results, a treatment method for atrophic gastritis is selected. The choice of treatment tactics is influenced by the stage of the disease and the state of organ secretion. Treatment is required only during the period of exacerbation of the disease.

Drug therapy methods include the following components:

1. If the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is detected, eradication therapy is carried out. There are several schemes for such treatment. The doctor must choose the best option depending on the patient’s general condition and diagnostic results. Each scheme includes antibacterial agents. They are taken as a course, taking into account all the specialist’s recommendations.
2. Replacement therapy helps restore the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients. For this purpose, enzyme agents and hydrochloric acid preparations are prescribed.
3. If the patient has anemia, the use of vitamin complexes is indicated. Such drugs can be administered parenterally or orally.
4. To stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid, they can be prescribed mineral water and special medications.
5. An important part of the treatment is the use of astringents and enveloping drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect. These include phosphalugel, de-nol, almagel.
6. To restore the motility of the affected organ, drugs such as trimedate are used.

Traditional methods

As an addition to drug therapy, you can use effective folk remedies:

1. The collection of medicinal plants - mint, lemon balm, linden, fennel, elderberry, chamomile - will help stop the inflammatory process. All herbs need to be poured with boiling water and simmered over low heat. Drink 3 times a day.
2. For breakfast, it is useful to eat apple and pumpkin puree with the addition of lemon juice and honey. After this, you should not eat anything for 2 hours. Thanks to this remedy, the production of gastric juice is normalized.
3. Freshly squeezed water will help cope with pain. It should be drunk before meals, 125 ml.
4. A good remedy for infectious diseases of the body is rosehip decoction. This drink helps cope with pathogenic microorganisms.
5. An excellent remedy for such gastritis is parsley root. This product need to be crushed and poured hot water. Leave overnight, after which you can drink the resulting product.

Diet therapy

People who suffer from atrophic gastritis definitely need to eat right. To do this, the diet should be based on the following products:

• broths;
• porridge;
• mineral water;
• mousses;
• non-acidic dairy products;
• jelly.

During an exacerbation of gastritis, all food should be consumed in crushed form. Moreover, it is advisable to cook it exclusively by steaming.

You should avoid consuming the following foods:

• too hot and too cold dishes;
• sour foods;
• smoked meats;
• pickles;
• spicy dishes;
• fried foods;
• spices;
• sauces;
• canned foods;
• easily digestible carbohydrates;
• alcohol;
• coffee;
• carbonated drinks.

Nutrition should be balanced - it is advisable to coordinate your menu with your doctor. The diet should predominate protein products, since they stimulate the synthesis of new cells. It is recommended to limit the amount of salt and spices. You need to eat more often, but in small portions at certain intervals.

Prevention

To prevent the development of atrophic gastritis, you need to adhere to basic preventive recommendations:

1. Promptly treat an infection caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
2. Stop drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking.
3. Eat rationally and balancedly - eat often, but little by little, avoid hot foods, exclude fatty and fried foods etc.
4. Maintain food hygiene. It is very important to wash your hands before eating and use exclusively individual utensils. Thanks to this, it will be possible to exclude infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

Prognosis and possible complications

If treatment for the disease is not started in a timely manner, it will progress rapidly. How the situation is more complicated, the more intense the replacement therapy should be.

The main danger of atrophic gastritis is the increased risk of the disease degenerating into stomach cancer. This pathology is especially often provoked by gastritis with low acidity. The point is what creates good conditions For negative impact carcinogenic substances and significantly reduces the body’s defenses.

Atrophic gastritis is very dangerous disease, which can lead to serious consequences. The insidiousness of this disease lies in its asymptomatic course. initial stage development. Therefore, at the first suspicious manifestations, you should immediately consult a doctor - only timely diagnosis and adequate treatment can keep you healthy.

It is considered a harmless disease, but its harmlessness quickly disappears when the disease becomes chronic. And if it is not treated, pathological condition It can even turn into stomach cancer.

Causes

The causes of the disease include:

• Passion for hot, spicy, fatty and fried foods.
• Exposure to certain medications – especially medications containing aspirin and antibiotics.
• Thermal and chemical burns of the gastric mucosa. This type of gastritis can appear in people who like to eat very hot food that has just been removed from the stove, and it burns the mucous membrane, which simply cannot be maintained and gastritis develops.
• Constant stressful conditions.
• Various diseases. These are diseases of the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, various endocrine diseases and chronic processes in the nasopharynx and respiratory organs.
• Allergic reactions.
• Occupational hazard. This is metal dust, vapors of alkalis and acids, and the like.

Signs of illness

The concept of superficial atrophic gastritis hides inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which leads to atrophic changes in the organ and ultimately the stomach cannot cope with its main function- the process of digestion. The disease is defined by the following symptoms:

• Belching, nausea and heartburn. These symptoms practically do not leave the patient.
• During exacerbation, vomiting is possible.
• Frequent diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility disorders.
• Various abdominal pains. Their localization may vary.
• Losing weight.
• There are autonomic disorders, sweating, pallor, dizziness with headaches and trembling of the limbs.

Treatment

First of all, treating superficial symptoms begins with a proper diet.

Meals should be gentle, fractional and not irritate the gastric mucosa. Everything fried, spicy and fatty is excluded, the use of cereals and soups that envelop the mucous membrane is prescribed. Even thoughts about smoking and alcohol are unacceptable!

The doctor may prescribe drugs that reduce acidity, if there is pain - anticholinergic blockers (atropine, platyphylline and others) are prescribed.

To combat heartburn, prokinetics (motilium, cisapride) are used, but if gastritis is caused by an H. pylori infection, treatment is aimed at eliminating it.

Atrophic gastritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory pathological condition characterized by inhibition of the functions of the glandular epithelium. A characteristic feature dystrophy of cells that synthesize hydrochloric acid and enzymes that have a proteolytic effect is considered. Pathomorphologically, chronic atrophic gastritis forms thinning of the walls of the stomach due to the atrophic process that affects the surface and deep layers of the wall of the organs of the digestive system.

Inflammatory process with protracted pathology– chronic atrophic gastritis – is induced by various factors. The main and common microorganism is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The pathogenic bacterium colonizes the mucous membranes of the stomach. Its toxic waste products destroy the mucus that protects the walls of the stomach.

Under the influence of Helicobacter pylori toxins, glandular cells are destroyed. It changes the level acid balance contents of the stomach and causes the development of a superficial pathological process. Gradually, superficial atrophic gastritis transforms into moderately severe atrophic gastritis.

Atrophic processes in the thickness and on the surface of the mucous membrane lead to the formation of a connective tissue scar in place of the glandular epithelium or the growth of cells characteristic of the intestinal epithelium. The result of the transformation will be the inability of the stomach to produce the required amount of digestive enzymes, hydrogen and chlorine ions. The level of acid-base balance increases significantly and food processing processes in the stomach become worse. As a result, the food bolus moves forward in an unprocessed form. The main ones are listed.

Atrophic gastritis is usually considered a precancerous condition, as modern researchers have come to this conclusion. However, not enough attention is paid to the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis. Patients do not always pay attention to discomfort, making subjective complaints. Carrying out an FGDS without taking a tissue sample for a biopsy will not achieve the desired result. diagnostic value. The procedure will not allow the doctor to identify existing changes in the epithelium of the stomach and timely detect the beginning of cancerous degeneration. Mostly, the diagnosis of the growing atrophic process occurs in the later stages. This explains why atrophic gastritis and cancer often occur and “go hand in hand.”

Focal atrophic gastritis

This chronic gastritis classified as precancerous conditions stomach. Epithelial cells are exposed malignant degeneration Without timely diagnosis and providing proper therapy.

The chronic pathological process is accompanied by a decrease in the secretory activity of the stomach and a significant decrease in the thickness of the mucous and muscular lining of the stomach. refers to focal. Not the entire mucous membrane is completely subject to atrophy, only certain areas. This course of the disease is characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations. It is easy to determine a list of symptoms that are considered specific.

The risk group for the development of atrophic gastritis of the stomach consists of elderly and elderly people. After a person reaches 45 years of age, the risk of developing chronic atrophic gastritis doubles. Let us note that for last years atrophic gastritis has become significantly “rejuvenated”; cases of the disease affecting children and adolescents have been recorded.

Another factor increased risk considered to be already developed gastritis, prolonged disturbances in the quality and mode of nutrition, consumption of food in large quantities fast food, alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking. Provoke acute atrophic gastritis in at a young age overwork and chronic protracted psychotraumatic situations are capable of. These circumstances influence the symptoms and treatment of atrophic gastritis and determine the further prognosis. The incidence rate in men and women has no obvious differences.

Clinical symptoms

Symptoms of atrophic gastritis depend on the stage of development and form of the process. In particular, superficial atrophic gastritis occurs without subjective sensations.

The main signs of atrophic gastritis:

A reliable diagnosis can be made with fibrogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy. Taking a sample of material for histological examination is an indispensable condition for correct diagnosis. Malignancy is the main danger of gastritis.

Remember, with chronic atrophic gastritis, symptoms can for a long time be of an erased or non-pathognomonic nature for the disease, which will delay and complicate the detection of the disease.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of atrophic gastritis is carried out using medications and surgical interventions.

Treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis must be complex and multi-stage. Drugs are prescribed that help protect the mucous membrane and stimulate the secretion of gastric juice. To normalize digestive processes, enzymes, mineral and vitamin complexes are prescribed.

If not treated in time, the disease will lead to either malignancy or a decrease in secretory activity. Reducing the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach will lead to digestive problems in general. The growth and transformation of the elements of the gastric epithelium is disrupted, and the intestinal epithelium grows in the same place.

Standard treatment regimen

In order to competently draw up a treatment regimen for atrophic gastritis, it is necessary to deeply understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development and carry out treatment taking into account the existing clinical symptoms. Symptoms vary across categories of patients.

Symptomatic treatment of atrophic gastritis is prescribed for each patient individually, taking into account the condition and existing complaints. The attending physician should give recommendations.

Features of therapy for older people

The human body undergoes aging, age-related changes touch the mucous membranes of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The changes are expressed in atrophy of the epithelial layer of the mucous membranes of the digestive system. Muscle fibers the stomach begins to degenerate, glandular cells atrophy. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of digestive processes and difficulty in evacuating the food bolus. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders are often susceptible to such pathological transformations.

In older people, the incidence of acute processes decreases, but the frequency of chronic processes and complications increases. The atrophied epithelium is replaced by scar tissue and leads to a decrease in motor functions of the stomach.

When starting therapy for elderly patients, it is necessary to approach the issue taking into account the nature of the pathology and the extent of the process. The treatment plan must be developed with absolute precision and certainty. Older people are often exposed to multiple chronic conditions at the same time; it is important to prevent polypharmacy. This is the name given to the simultaneous prescription of excessive amounts of drugs. Only the doctor decides how to treat atrophic gastritis of the stomach.

During the remission stage, it is very useful to take an approach such as treatment folk remedies. It is allowed to use herbal infusions and drink vegetable juices, which relieve pain and inflammation in the stomach.

General groups of drugs

1. Drugs to stimulate production active substances and pepsin for atrophic gastritis. According to practitioners, the effectiveness of such drugs is low and they require very long-term use. Their effect is usually short-lived.
2. Replacement drugs. The necessary agent for therapy is a complex of hydrochloric acid with pepsin. You should drink it immediately before you start eating. In addition, Creon, Mezim, Festal, and peppermint tincture are prescribed for replacement purposes. In general purpose replacement therapy depends on what acidity of gastric juice is determined in the patient in each specific case of gastritis.
3. Drugs for protecting the mucous membrane and its regeneration are called gastroprotectors in medicine. This group includes solcoseryl, Actovegin, Venter, de Nol. Most often, these drugs are used for ulcerative and erosive processes in the stomach, accompanied by subsequent atrophy of glandular cells.
4. Astringent and enveloping drugs with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. This group includes preparations based on aluminum and bismuth for the treatment of gastritis.
5. To stimulate gastric motility and peristaltic activity, medications such as domperidone are used. For the treatment of trophic gastritis, complexes of these drugs are selected.

Active atrophic gastritis requires hospitalization. If foci of tissue necrosis develop at the site of atrophy, surgical treatment is required. In this case, the patient undergoes gastric resection. Drug treatment after surgery consists of prescribing replacement therapy.

Diet for atrophic gastritis

To maintain normal digestive function, food must be gentle. It is necessary to exclude heavy spicy and salty foods, alcohol and strong coffee from the diet. Meals must be taken in fractions, small portions and often. The diet should be balanced and contain all the necessary proteins, fats and vitamins.

It is preferable to boil or steam the products; it is acceptable to bake them in the oven. It is not recommended to eat hot or excessively cold foods.