home Audience 1 What is PMS in women? Causes, symptoms, treatment. What does PMS mean?

What is PMS in women? Causes, symptoms, treatment. What does PMS mean?

Many women experience dizziness, mood swings, headaches, and severe malaise before menstruation.

Why does this happen about 8-10 days before my period and disappear?

What is PMS or premenstrual syndrome?

Deciphering PMS in gynecology - premenstrual syndrome. PMS manifests itself in the form of unpleasant clinical signs about a week before menstruation, lasts 2-12 days. The body is experiencing some kind of malfunction during this period of time. The functions of many organs begin to be restored only with the arrival of menstruation, or later - after their completion.

It's all about hormonal changes, When physiological processes the body begins to behave strangely. Female hormones, one way or another, affects the nervous system and, accumulating in excess, declares itself on the eve of the arrival of menstruation.

How to get rid of female disease? Irina Kravtsova shared her story of curing thrush in 14 days. In her blog, she explained what medications she took and whether it was effective. traditional medicine what helped and what didn’t.

It is in this phase of the cycle that we observe:

poor health under the influence of estrogen and progesterone;
prostration;
excessive irritability, nervousness.

PMS, as a syndrome before menstruation, begins to show excessive sensitivity to these hormones. Similar changes physical condition are caused by an emotional background, when women become nervous, touchy, and experience tension.

The syndrome often manifests itself in combination, because the hormonal background undergoes changes, and microelements experience an imbalance.

This translates into:

discomfort;
tearfulness;
excessive overvoltage;
swelling of the mammary glands;
nagging pain in the lower abdomen.

Often women confuse pregnancy and PMS, although there is nothing in common. According to statistics, the syndrome occurs upon reaching a certain age, in young girls, in girls adolescence it shouldn't exist.

As a rule, girls do not encounter similar phenomenon, but older European women of childbearing age (30-40 years old) experience painful PMS in almost 60% of cases. The phenomenon is typical in the premenopausal period, when it manifests itself with more vivid symptoms.

Blame it all:

body weight deficiency,
stress,
physical stress,
lack of sleep,
poor nutrition.

Truths and myths about PMS

PMS- a common phenomenon among women and has literally grown various kinds myths. Why does the mood deteriorate so much during this period? What is the truth and where is the lie?

Indeed, before menstruation, your well-being can be affected by:

contraction of the endometrium in the uterus;
sharp dilatation of arteries;
breakthrough of blood through the endometrium with the arrival of the first day of menstruation.

Many women, on the contrary, maintain this state, because it’s beneficial. There is a reason to get out of some control, to throw out accumulated emotions and anger on family, friends or just those who are nearby. This is feminine nature, that even occasionally, but you want to cry, complain about troubles, problems in life.

Myths about PMS include similar signs that have virtually nothing to do with this syndrome and are not:

inappropriate behavior;
irritability;
unreasonable ambitions;
depression;
manifestation of anger and rage.

Rather, these are problems of a psychological nature or personality traits, social adjustment in society, rather than arguments and signs of the development of premenstrual syndrome.

It is worth identifying some myths about PMS:

For some women, premenstrual syndrome - usual image life, for others - real, torment and suffering, when irritability, hysteria, nervousness sets in.

PMS syndrome is cyclical. If behavior is noticed to change dramatically in a way that is not better side on specific days of the cycle, with the arrival of menstruation or after its completion, then you definitely need to seek help from a psychologist, psychiatrist, or therapist.

Perhaps the reason is the development of a serious internal disease and it makes itself felt. The hormonal background reacts with similar manifestations. It often happens that the causes of PMS are more psychological than physiological.

Classification

The form of PMS can be different:

Signs of PMS in women have different directions. For some, this is a common occurrence and not even a reason to pay attention. More susceptible women begin to panic and be depressed before menstruation, expecting unpleasant manifestations.

Taking into account individual characteristics In the body, doctors distinguish 3 variants of the development of the syndrome:

the appearance of symptoms in the 2nd phase of the cycle and complete walkthrough with the arrival of menstruation;
disappearance of symptoms after the complete cessation of menstruation, but intensification of manifestations with age;
progression of unpleasant symptoms with the onset of menstruation and complete disappearance 2-3 days after its cessation.

Stories from our readers!
“The gynecologist advised me to take natural remedies. We settled on one drug - which helped cope with hot flashes. It’s such a nightmare that sometimes you don’t even want to leave the house for work, but you have to... Once I started taking it, it became much easier, you can even feel it that some kind of internal energy appeared, and I even wanted to sexual relations with my husband, otherwise everything happened without much desire."

Risk factors for PMS

Scientists cannot explain for certain why women develop PMS syndrome.

According to theory, a person’s psychosomatics or hormonal disbalance. In the second phase menstrual cycle The ratio of sex hormones becomes extremely unstable.

Estrogens designed to improve creative intelligence and mental condition begin to experience severe imbalance.

Progesterone accumulates in excess, causing genuine despair and even indignation in many women.

The level of androgens, responsible for energy and performance, increases sharply. Many functions fail and the body begins to behave inappropriately. Hormones responsible for emotions and behavior negatively affect parts of the brain.

The syndrome can be provoked by:

hereditary factor;
endocrine system failure;
psychovegetative deviation.

Such fluctuations in sex hormones are reflected in the limbic parts of the brain. Endorphins and estrogens negatively affect cyclical changes in mood.

If the level of endorphins increases and progesterone decreases, then the female sex experiences:

The menstrual cycle has a 2-phase course.

DID YOU KNOW?

The disadvantage of most drugs is side effects. Often medications cause severe intoxication, subsequently causing complications in the kidneys and liver. To prevent side effect For such preparations, we would like to draw your attention to special phytotampons.

the egg develops and grows;
matures under the influence of estrogen, as the main female hormone;
the egg leaves the follicle to form corpus luteum;
Progesterone is produced, which promotes pregnancy, abdominal enlargement, and swelling of the mammary glands.

If fertilization does not occur, the egg begins to die and disintegrate. At this time, a decrease in progesterone levels is observed, hormonal surges, increase in estrogen.

The jumps will be more noticeable with internal chronic diseases in the female body.

Signs of PMS may be influenced by provoking factors:

abortion;
traumatic brain injury;
malnutrition;
fatigue;
overvoltage.

According to statistics, ladies who smoke or have low body weight with an index of no more than 30 often suffer from PMS. In particular, obesity can cause the manifestation of the syndrome. A genetic factor and inheritance cannot be ruled out.

The following can play a cruel joke and provoke the syndrome:

complicated childbirth,
surgery,
gynecological diseases,
unplanned abortion.

PMS symptoms

Symptoms of PMS manifest themselves clearly. Doctors identify almost 150 different signs and only 4 of them are considered normal. They are all specific and the main thing is to learn to distinguish them from pregnancy, since they can be very similar.

Particular changes are observed during the period of activation of the corpus luteum, as a temporary gland that begins to secrete progesterone. It is this hormone that subjects the body to certain changes, forces it to rebuild, prepare for the next cycle.

This is how the endometrium begins to grow, thicken, and then peel off.

At the same time, progesterone levels increase when women develop:

Pronounced symptoms are increased thirst, change in addiction to tasty food, increased blood pressure due to disorders of the vegetative-vascular system

With the neuropsychic form, women experience:

In case of edematous form against the background of impaired water-salt balance and accumulation of fluid in tissues, the signs are as follows:

increased feeling of thirst;
itching on the skin;
painful urination;
headache;
flatulence due to impaired digestion.

In the cephalgic form:

In the crisis form, signs may be as follows:

In the atypical form, signs:

increased body temperature (37-38 degrees),
nausea,
vomit,
allergy,
Quincke's edema,
drowsiness.

My personal story

With premenstrual pain and unpleasant discharge, it's over!

Our reader Egorova M.A. shared her experience:

It's scary when women don't know the real reason their diseases, because problems with the menstrual cycle can be harbingers of serious gynecological diseases!

The norm is a cycle lasting 21-35 days (usually 28 days), accompanied by menstruation lasting 3-7 days with moderate blood loss without clots. Alas, the state of the gynecological health of our women is simply catastrophic; every second woman has some kind of problem.

Today we will talk about a new natural remedy that kills pathogenic bacteria and infections, restores immunity, which simply restarts the body and turns on the regeneration of damaged cells and eliminates the cause of disease...

Does PMS depend on a woman's age?

In the course of numerous observations, it was revealed that women aged 25-30 years suffer most from the pathology. Of course, heavyweights can act as provocateurs. internal diseases, bad habits, poor nutrition, negative tendencies.

As a rule, women with a weak nervous system, vulnerable and unstable to stress, who take everything to heart are susceptible to PMS.

According to the hypothesis, the occurrence of PMS can be affected by:

Symptoms can be mild or severe. With PMS, a clear sign is cyclicality. The state of health either worsens 2–10 days before menstruation, or disappears without a trace with their arrival. The onset of the disorder occurs smoothly and often develops into a severe and prolonged migraine.

If pain appears before menstruation or with its arrival together with blood discharge in the middle of the cycle, it is most likely that gynecological diseases are developing: dysmenorrhea, endometritis.

There is no exact answer to the question of whether a woman’s age affects the appearance of premenstrual syndrome. In some it manifests itself constantly, in others it appears periodically or is absent altogether.

Each body is individual, but according to statistics, almost half of the women in the world suffer from PMS, especially in the age group of 30-40 years and almost 60%. Faced with lady syndrome in later life reproductive age. But up to 30 years of age, only 1/5 of the total is noted. Thin girls with low body mass index are also more susceptible to intellectual syndrome.

PMS and hormones

There is an opinion that PMS is affected by hormonal levels, in particular a disruption, a sharp increase in the concentration of some hormones and a decrease in others. But doctors assure that if the ovulatory cycle is regulated, then there should be no hormonal disorders.

According to the theory, the development of PMS can be affected by intoxication, lack of vitamins and fatty acids in the body, allergies, psychosomatics, dysfunction of the aldosterone system.

With the syndrome, the amount of estrogen significantly increases and the amount of gestagen decreases. If headache, swelling and flatulence appear, then it is likely that sodium and fluid are retained in the body. Estrogen also contributes to this by activating the aldosterone system.

If the level of glucose and potassium in the blood is reduced, then signs appear:

PMS seems to delay the onset of menstruation. The reaction is reflected in the form of increased temperature and pain in the chest. With a clearly elevated level of prolactin in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, bodily, somatic and mental changes occur.

Hormonal levels during PMS are clearly unstable. The body reacts sensitively to all manifestations and thereby splashes out unpleasant symptoms in response.

How to distinguish PMS from pregnancy?

Women often confuse the syndrome with pregnancy, although the conditions are different and can be easily distinguished from each other. It is enough to understand some of the nuances and specificity of the disease.

With the syndrome, tastes are distorted, appetite appears, and nausea occurs in the morning. The signs are similar to those of pregnancy. Then suddenly you want chocolate or something else delicious. Although there is no delay in menstruation, my back ache. This may not mean that the woman is pregnant.

Inherent in pregnancy sudden changes moods and poor health.

However, pronounced signs PMS:

depression;
depression;
anxiety.

If it hurts in the lower abdomen, then the pain during pregnancy is short-term and unobtrusive. The difference in the syndrome is that it manifests itself more strongly and over a longer period of time, and can continue throughout menstruation.

It is important for women to listen to their body; of course, a delay of 2-3 days does not indicate pregnancy. But the appearance of blood a few days before the start of menstruation due to the release of the egg into the uterine body, when several pink drops appear on the underwear, should alert you.

If we take into account the basal temperature, then with the arrival of ovulation it increases. It begins to drop before menstruation to 36.7 degrees, which indicates the arrival of menstruation. If the temperature does not decrease to this level, pregnancy or inflammation of the cervix can be suspected.

It happens that they leave thick discharge, gradually changing to watery due to a delay in the production of progesterone. In this case, women are advised to buy an additional pregnancy test and get checked.

Signs of PMS and pregnancy may not be much different:

It can be difficult for women to spot the differences. Although you can go in a simple way. When feeling unwell wait for your period to arrive, and if there is a delay, get checked for pregnancy and buy a test, as it is quite sensitive to hCG hormone when excreted in urine, when it shows a 100% result 10-11 days after conception.

Of course, if PMS occurs, it is better to visit a gynecologist. The doctor will examine the uterine cavity and prescribe an ultrasound if pregnancy is suspected.

How to diagnose PMS?

Diagnostic methods will directly depend on complaints, symptoms, form manifestations of PMS. If a cephalgic, psychovegetative form is suspected, a referral to a neurologist for consultation is possible.

Attention! Back pain is a surer sign late date pregnancy.

So, preferably for 3 cycles in a row. The main thing is to identify for yourself 4 or more existing troubling signs, for example, chest pain, weakness, change in taste, depression, nervousness, aggression.

Install correct form PMS means doing a hormone study. Be tested for progesterone, estradiol, prolactin.

Based on the prevailing complaints, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate diagnosis:

To be diagnosed, women will have to undergo full examination, in particular, consultation with a cardiologist, therapist, nephrologist, endocrinologist, psychiatrist. It is important to periodically measure blood pressure without sharp jumps, reconsider nutrition and daily dose fluid intake if you are concerned about swelling, bags under the eyes in the morning after waking up.

Treatment

Treating the syndrome means regulating the functions of the hypothalamus and eliminating existing internal diseases, in particular dehydration. With PMS, it is important to consider the severity of the syndrome.

The main treatment methods include:

acupuncture,
reflexology,
medications,
herbal medicine,
hormonal therapy using estrogen and progesterone.

Non-drug approaches

In order to ease their well-being and reduce the symptoms of PMS, women are recommended to:

It is sleep that strengthens the immune system and the functioning of the central nervous system, and has a beneficial effect on the entire body as a whole.

Of course, there is no need to set yourself impossible tasks in order to minimize the manifestations of the syndrome. It is enough to visit the pool, do exercises and exercises in the morning, do hiking on fresh air. Simple recommendations will help you calm down, gain strength, reduce problems with PMS, and normalize your mental state.

Hormone therapy

Treatment for PMS involves the use of oral contraceptives as a hormone replacement therapy.

In particular, drugs can minimize unpleasant symptoms in the second phase of the menstrual cycle:

Women of reproductive age and in the absence of contraindications can use oral contraceptives:

Danazol when pain appears in the mammary glands;
Zoladex as an antagonist that can disable ovarian function and lead to the disappearance of symptoms;
Dostinex in case of increased secretion of prolactin in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, persistent depression.

Of course, when choosing hormonal drugs, you need to consult with doctors, in particular, a psychiatrist in case of unstable psyche and obvious deviations in behavior on the eve of the onset of the syndrome.

It is possible to prescribe drainage drugs to block prostaglandin synthesis.

Medicines to relieve PMS symptoms

It is unlikely that it is possible to recover completely from the syndrome. Discomfort, one way or another, will be observed in women with each arrival of menstruation, especially with age or in the presence of internal chronic diseases. Treatment should begin with the pathology present in the body.

With PMS, the nervous system clearly suffers, so it is necessary to minimize unpleasant symptoms by acting in a complex manner.

The following list of medications will help normalize your well-being, eliminate irritability, nervousness, spasmodic headaches and abdominal cramps:

antidepressants;
Non-steroidal drugs will help relieve pain ( Nimesulide, Ibuprofen);
diuretics for swelling to remove excess fluid;
homeopathic remedies to reduce the intensity of PMS, restore hormonal balance, elimination of psychological disorders;
gestagens ( Oxyprogesterone, Duphaston) on day 6-7 of the cycle;
tranquilizers;
Antidepressants will help get rid of excessive anxiety, panic attacks, depression, insomnia ( Parlodel);
prostaglandins ( Naprasen, Indomethacin) in phase 2 of the cycle;
histamines, starting from the 2nd day of menstruation ( Grandaxin, Nootropil, Aminalon) in order to improve blood circulation in the central nervous system;
homeopathic remedies ( Remens);
antipyretic tablets for high fever ( Paracetamol, Ibuprofen);
selective inhibitors, antispasmodics for abdominal pain;
sedatives plant origin containing isoflavones;
plant estrogens ( Magnelis B6) How depressant, which will help you overcome irritability, tearfulness, restore sleep, and help relieve muscle pain.

For swelling of the mammary glands and pain in the chest, doctors recommend that women take Progestogel, however, do not neglect the dosage and duration of administration. There may be contraindications side effects, so it’s better to first ask a gynecologist at the clinic for recommendations.

Folk remedies

It is quite possible to reduce the manifestations of PMS using folk remedies, although before using it it is extremely necessary to ask for advice and approval from a gynecologist.

The recipes are safe, effective, and can relieve negative manifestations syndrome:

The syndrome will go away much easier if you do exercises in the morning, avoid depressive symptoms, normalize sleep, mitigate mood swings by taking vitamins B, C, maintain working capacity in daytime days.

It is important to direct treatment to increase the level of endorphin, the hormone of joy, smile more and in every possible way drive away laziness, melancholy, and depressed mood. Women are recommended to take up their favorite hobbies (sewing, needlework, knitting) during leisure hours. Work ennobles, calms, strengthens the nerves and psyche.

PMS syndrome– not a disease, but it can greatly affect your well-being, and subsequently negatively affect the body as a whole. You should not ignore the appearance of mental instability; this is a reason to contact specialists and conduct an examination.

Self-medication is excluded in attempts to alleviate the condition and eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of PMS. Appointments medicines A doctor must deal with it, otherwise irreparable harm can be caused to the body.

Prevention of PMS

If women are worried about the syndrome and unpleasant signs that become intrusive from month to month shortly before the start of menstruation, then doctors recommend:

If your head or lower abdomen hurts badly, then of course you can take a painkiller, but you should not get carried away with indiscriminately taking medications. In particular, by reception hormonal pills, which may not be safe at all.

Many women are interested in how many days PMS lasts. Usually the period is 3-4 days, but much depends on the critical days of duration. Symptoms may begin suddenly and also disappear without a trace.

If they do not go away for a long time and are unbearable, then it is better to turn to specialists. Perhaps this is just a disguise of the development of a serious disease in the body and is by no means a temporary syndrome.

PMS– a condition with the manifestation of unpleasant signs and many women are not spared. The symptoms are most often sudden, although they do not pose a particular threat to the life and health of women, but they can cause severe discomfort.

It is important to learn to deal with such manifestations, not to give them a reason to dominate and take over the body.

What is PMS in girls? A few days before the onset of menstruation, many girls and women experience a deterioration in their health and mood, and pain in the lower abdomen.

How to decipher PMS? This is premenstrual syndrome. But why does it happen, is it a sign of a disease, how to alleviate the condition before menstruation?

general information

You need to know how PMS is translated in a girl from the very first menstrual cycle. In medicine, deterioration of well-being before menstruation is called premenstrual syndrome. This is not a disease: PMS is associated with a change in the balance of hormones in the female body.

Typically there should be less estrogen than progesterone. But before menstruation it can be observed reverse situation, which affects blood pressure, mental state, creates vascular problems and so on.

Specialists know methods of helping women during this period. But we must take into account that the signs of PMS, which we will discuss below, may indicate the presence of a serious illness. In order not to confuse the natural cyclicity female body with illness, you need to see a gynecologist.

PMS occurs in every 5th woman under 30 years of age and in every 2nd woman after this age. He pesters girls a lot before the birth of their first child.

Symptoms

What is PMS in girls? It consists of changes in the neuropsychic state and physiological poor health. This:

Headaches or dizziness.
Pain in the lower abdomen that can radiate to the back.
Depression or aggression.
Excessive irritability.
Tearfulness, anxiety for any reason.
General weakness of the body.
Nausea leading to vomiting.
Increased sweating.
Swelling of the mammary glands.
Swelling of the limbs and face.
Excessive sensitivity to various kinds of smells and sounds.
Tachycardia.
Increase or decrease in blood pressure.
Numbness of the arms and legs, decreased temperature of the extremities.
Panic attacks.
Increased bladder function.

What is PMS in women? This is the same set of signs of poor health as girls. But answering the question of how PMS is translated is not enough. We need to figure out why it happens.

As you can see from the list above, the symptoms of PMS are varied. They affect the functioning various systems and organs of the female body. In order not to miss a disease with the same symptoms, it is necessary to undergo examination.

Why do some women suffer before menstruation, while others do not, and for some the syndrome begins 2 days before the start of menstruation, and for others 20 days? The point is that absolutely healthy women rarely suffer from PMS. Although it is impossible to exclude the influence on the lady in this period, not physiological, but social problems. If there are constantly scandals in the family, if there are problems at work or a child has problems at school, any difficulties in life can weaken a woman’s mental stability and provoke PMS in her.

But when it comes to the complication of the physical well-being of a girl or woman by certain diseases, her condition before menstruation may require the intervention of a doctor.

Causes of PMS

Diseases and situations that lead to premenstrual syndrome:

Endometriosis (hyperplasia of the uterine mucosa). When the mucous membrane grows strongly, its particles can travel from the uterus to other organs of the body. For example, in the intestines. The cause of endometriosis is believed to be hormonal disorders in organism.
Inflammatory processes female organs- uterus, ovaries. If there was untreated inflammation, it could lead to permanent (recurrent) PMS.
Hormonal changes that disrupt the balance between estrogen and progesterone. To diagnose the disease, a gynecologist or endocrinologist prescribes a blood test for hormones.
Varicose veins of the small pelvis. This disease worsens before menstruation. It is more common in women who have given birth.
Usage intrauterine contraceptives. Intrauterine device can injure the mucous membrane of the uterus, resulting in pain before menstruation, and an increase in the duration and abundance of menstruation.
Symptoms similar to PMS occur with diseases thyroid gland.

The main reason for the appearance PMS symptoms modern medicine considers a dysfunction of the hypothalamus. Risk factors for PMS in girls are:

Unfavorable heredity.
Water-salt imbalance.
Lack of vitamins and minerals.
Sexual maturation is too late.
Frequent stress.
Hormonal changes.
Abuse of carbohydrates.
Physical inactivity.
Thrush.
Uncontrolled use of oral contraceptives.

Deciphering PMS, especially if the sensations are strong enough, suggests the need for examination by a gynecologist, phlebologist and endocrinologist.

The examination must necessarily take place in the period before menstruation, when signs of PMS appear.

The presence of recurrent PMS is also influenced by the woman's temperament type. If a lady is calm about life’s troubles, is confident in herself, and looks for a reason for joy in everything, she will more easily endure the premenstrual and menstrual periods. Those girls who are always in bad mood, they are afraid of everything, they envy everyone, they are angry with everyone, they are susceptible to stronger symptoms of PMS.

The appearance of PMS is influenced by seasonal features. In the spring, with general vitamin deficiency and a constant drop in pressure outside, weakened women prone to vegetative-vascular problems feel an increase in PMS.

PMS forms

Depending on the type of symptoms that particularly bother a particular woman, there are 4 forms of premenstrual syndrome:

Edema. What does this form mean? With it, the mammary glands swell, legs, arms and face swell. It is characterized by a constant desire to eat, thirst, and weight gain in a short period of time. Feels constant weakness. Sweating increases. The skin itches. The whole body seems swollen. In some cases, pain occurs in the joints and spine, even to the point of cramps. The skin of the face may become greasy, with an acne-type rash. This form is often observed in the initial period of reproductive age.
The cephalgic form is characterized by the appearance of a sharp headache, mainly in the temples. The pain radiates to eyeballs. It provokes nausea and vomiting. Increased sensitivity to sounds and smells, which aggravate the condition. Blood pressure does not change.
The neuropsychic form is associated with increased irritability, aggressiveness or depression, tearfulness, touchiness, and unmotivated changes in mood. The woman feels general weakness and fatigue. She experiences insomnia or drowsiness. Memory is impaired and speech becomes difficult. Appetite may be greatly reduced or increased.
The crisis form of PMS is expressed in an increase in blood pressure to high levels. At the same time, an increased heartbeat appears, the hands and feet become cold, the woman can reach panic attack when she is oppressed by the horror of death. These attacks most often occur at night.

There is also atypical form PMS, which is accompanied high temperature, drowsiness, migraine and other symptoms. This is a rarer form.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing PMS is quite difficult because, as has been said, the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. To decipher a lady’s illness or the natural state of the body in certain period, it is necessary to conduct long-term observations of her general condition:

First, a woman is recommended to keep a diary of her well-being for several months, where she records her temperature (armpit and basal), blood pressure, and carefully records her feelings and ailments for several cycles in a row. If the doctor notices a periodicity of deterioration of the condition that coincides with the premenstrual days, this speaks in favor of the diagnosis of PMS.
Also, girls and women are prescribed studies using EEG (electroencephalography), REG (rheoencephalography), and blood tests for hormones during the period before menstruation.
Women are referred for consultation to a neurologist, psychiatrist, endocrinologist, and urologist.
They are asked to monitor the amount of liquid they drink per day and the amount of daily urine.
They also do x-rays of the skull, ultrasound of the adrenal glands, MRI, and so on.

The purpose of the examination is to exclude diseases with the same symptoms as PMS.

Treatment

After it is possible to decipher the girl’s condition as PMS, its treatment begins. It depends on the form of the syndrome and the severity of the condition:

In some cases, a woman can cope with her condition herself - drink some of her usual analgesics, 2 tablets of valerian. After this, you need to lie down for several hours, calm down, and perhaps sleep.
If swelling is observed, this symptom can be relieved by taking a mild diuretic.
If PMS occurs in the winter-spring period, during vitamin deficiency and a decline in immunity, it is a good idea to take a course of vitamins in advance, which will give the body additional strength. Be sure to take vitamins B1 and B6, magnesium - these substances are part of any vitamin complex.

It is not so important how PMS is deciphered. The main thing is to take into account that the symptoms of PMS are similar to the sensations of the first days of pregnancy. So before taking any medications, buy a pregnancy test from the pharmacy and make sure you are not pregnant. If you are not sure about this, try to do without medications. Lie down, relax, take a day off from work.

When PMS is severe, you should consult a doctor. If you have already been examined and no serious illnesses have been detected, a specialist will still be able to help you:

Usually the doctor prescribes a course of mild antidepressants or tranquilizers, choosing modern drugs, non-addictive.
If found hormonal imbalance, the gynecologist will recommend taking hormonal oral contraceptives.
It is also necessary to follow a diet - do not overeat, exclude salty foods.
You should definitely do physical exercise to the best of your ability.
If you take the time to see a psychiatrist, they will teach you relaxation techniques that will eliminate neuropsychiatric symptoms condition.

Sometimes PMS is so difficult for a woman to tolerate that the doctor prescribes her sick leave. In case of crisis, they are sent to the hospital for several days.

Many women get help to improve their well-being before menstruation. homeopathic medicines. The most common are Mastodinon and Remens. Consult your doctor before purchasing them.

The traditional method of treatment is to take herbal infusion. In equal parts take lemon balm, hawthorn, sushnitsa, peppermint, chamomile. The amount of each herb is a pinch. This collection is poured with a glass of boiling water and left for an hour and a half. Take half an hour before meals and, most importantly, half an hour before bedtime.

Prevention

The decoding of PMS is familiar to almost all girls, but not everyone takes measures in advance to alleviate their condition. What you can do:

To try to avoid discomfort before your period, you need to maintain hygiene - take a shower every day and change your underwear to protect yourself from infections.
Frequent and indiscriminate change of sexual partners leads to the danger of inflammation of the pelvic organs, and therefore to PMS.
Proper nutrition will help avoid troubles with menstruation. It is necessary to limit salt intake, monitor the complete composition of the diet, including all essential vitamins and minerals.
Monitor your body's water metabolism - the amount of urine should be equal to the amount of fluid you drink.
It is necessary to lead active image life, play sports. If for health reasons a woman cannot carry weights, then everyone can walk at least 2 km a day. For young girls, this figure should be increased.
Mentally unbalanced girls should reconsider their views on life, not take troubles to heart, enjoy every little thing, not envy anyone, forgive others for their shortcomings, and set priorities in life correctly.

Knowing your monthly cycle, you can take a course of vitamins in advance, and take valerian a few days before menstruation. If these measures do not completely relieve you of PMS, they may make it easier.

The menstrual cycle is complex hormonal regulation, its phases change one after another, and in each of them certain sex hormones predominate in the woman’s body. For some women, the second phase of the cycle is accompanied by the appearance of signs of PMS.

The abbreviation PMS stands for premenstrual syndrome and refers to a complex set of symptoms that occur several days before the expected menstruation.

It is manifested by metabolic, endocrine and autonomic nervous system disorders. There are other names for the pathology: “premenstrual tension syndrome” and “premenstrual illness”.

Show all

1. PMS symptoms

Appear 2-10 days before the start of menstruation. They can be observed during both ovulatory and anovulatory cycles. Symptoms disappear with the onset of bleeding, less often after it stops.

There are more than 150 signs that can accompany. The main ones are:

1 Changes in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, bloating and discomfort in the abdomen, bowel problems (constipation or diarrhea), bulimia, changes in taste, cravings for alcohol or sweets.
2 Pain various localizations : in the lower back, lower abdomen and pelvic area, head, in the heart area.
3 Breast engorgement, swelling varying degrees severity on the legs, arms, face, decreased diuresis and fluid retention.
4 Neuropsychiatric disorders: mood swings, tearfulness, aggression, depressed mood, unmotivated fear, isolation, depression, suicidal thoughts.
5 Skin manifestations: increased fat content, sweating, acne, hyperpigmentation.
6 From the musculoskeletal system: joint pain, muscle weakness, lumbodynia, sciatica.
7 Other manifestations: tachycardia, itchy skin, dizziness, thirst.

Such symptoms bother 5 to 40% of women, and 10% of them note that PMS disrupts the normal rhythm of life and relationships with others.

Some features of premenstrual syndrome have been noticed. It is more pronounced in young women, although it also occurs after 40-50 years.

In girls, depression of mood and tearfulness are more often observed, in women after 40 years - aggression. Premenstrual symptoms are more typical for women living in large cities who are engaged in mental work and are underweight.

2. Clinical forms

Scientists have tried to combine the variety of manifestations into a single classification of forms of PMS. Currently, the classification proposed by V.P. Smetnik is often used. She divides all manifestations of PMS into 4 forms: neuropsychic, edematous, cephalgic and crisis.

2.1. Neuropsychic

In this form, symptoms of dysfunction of the nervous system predominate - mood swings, aggression, lability, weakness and fatigue. May occur auditory hallucinations, sexual disorders, cognitive disorders (memory, attention).

2.2. Edema

A woman experiences swelling of varying severity in her legs and arms. Swelling of the fingers makes it difficult to remove the wedding ring. The mammary glands become enlarged, become painful or sensitive, the volume of the abdomen increases, and the digestion process changes.

Some patients note weight gain, which occurs due to fluid retention (up to 700 ml/day).

Excessive sweating and increased sensitivity to smells. Many women with such symptoms turn to therapists and do not analyze the frequency of occurrence of complaints.

2.3. Cephalgic

In women with this form of PMS, headaches, dizziness, increased sensitivity to sounds and smells predominate, and there may be nausea and vomiting. The headache is often throbbing, appears in a certain part of the skull, but is not accompanied by an increase in blood pressure.

Some women notice a rapid heartbeat and increased sweating. Swelling and engorgement of the mammary glands may be observed, while diuresis is positive (the amount of urine excreted is greater than the amount of liquid drunk).

2.4. Krizovaya

Characterized by sympatho-adrenal crises. Blood pressure rises sharply, pressing pain in the chest, palpitations. Sometimes the patient notes coldness of the extremities and the appearance of fear of death.

There are no changes on the ECG. Crises occur in the evening or at night, as well as after stress or overwork. After an attack, the woman urinates profusely.

This form of PMS is the result of refusal to treat edematous, cephalgic or neuropsychic forms.

Severity	Lightweight	Average	Heavy
	Mild - with this form, 3-4 symptoms appear 2-10 days before the start of menstruation, but only 1-2 are pronounced.	An intermediate option between light and heavy	The appearance of 5-12 symptoms 3-14 days before menstruation, of which 2 to 5 are significantly expressed.
Stage	Compensation	Subcompensation	Decompensation
Stage	Symptoms appear before menstruation and disappear with its onset; the disease does not progress over the years.	Over time, the number of complaints increases, as does the duration of PMS and its severity.	The course is severe, the symptoms are pronounced. Quantity and duration light spaces with relatively feeling good minimal.
Impact on daily life	The daily rhythm of life does not change. The quality of life does not suffer.	A woman’s activity in everyday and family life decreases, but her ability to work remains.	Woman loses her ability to work

Table 1 - Severity of premenstrual syndrome

2.5. Atypical forms

Some women experience symptoms that do not fit into the generally accepted classification. Some researchers point to the following manifestations of PMS:

1 Hyperthermia with a regular increase in temperature in the luteal phase to subfebrile levels. There are no signs of inflammation in blood tests, and body temperature returns to normal with the onset of menstruation.
2 Menstrual migraine. It manifests itself as a migraine headache during menstruation.
3 With cyclical allergic reactions (usually in the form of urticaria, less often - Quincke's edema).
4 Ophthalmoplegic form - unilateral drooping of the eyelid in the luteal phase.
5 Hypersomnic – appearance lethargic sleep in the second phase of the cycle.
6 Cyclic bronchial asthma.
7 Cyclic gingivitis and stomatitis.

With PMS, these symptoms should recur every cycle for several months. To establish a connection with the cycle, you can keep a diary yourself and note the time when unpleasant sensations appear. This will help organize the information and make it easier for the doctor to make a diagnosis.

3. Theories of origin

Why do some women change cycle phases easily and painlessly, while for others it becomes a real challenge? There is still no consensus on this issue.

The following conditions contribute to the deterioration of well-being:

1 Frequent stress, sedentary lifestyle.
2 Menstrual irregularities and heavy, painful periods.
3 Neuroinfections.
4 Difficult pregnancy and childbirth.
5 Consequences of abortion.
6 Gynecological diseases.
7 Injuries and operations.
8 Chronic diseases.
9 Sexual dissatisfaction.
10 Poor nutrition, consumption of foods low in fiber, vitamins B and D, calcium.

One of the first to put forward the hormonal theory of PMS. Other theories have now been developed:

1 Water intoxication.
2 Allergic.
3 Prolactin.
4 Prostaglandin.
5 Psychosomatic.

The following facts support the hormonal theory of PMS:

1 Signs of pathology first appear with the onset of puberty; this condition is not typical for girls.
2 Unpleasant sensations before menstruation can be observed throughout the entire reproductive period and practically disappear with the onset of menopause.
3 Symptoms do not disappear in women who have had a hysterectomy with preservation of the ovaries.

The hormonal theory is associated with the predominance of estrogen levels over progesterone (relative hyperestrogenism) and their undesirable effects.

The development of water intoxication is associated with a violation of water-salt metabolism in the body. Normally, fluid retention occurs during the luteal phase of the cycle, but if there is an imbalance, this indicator increases even more. The consequence of this is mastodynia - pain and engorgement of the mammary gland.

Headache is also associated with overhydration and increased intracranial pressure. In some patients who are prescribed diuretics, the severity of pain decreases.

4. Diagnostics

In diagnosing PMS, confirmation of the cyclical nature of symptoms is of primary importance. There is no need to use all available examination techniques. Preference is given to those that are suitable for a specific form of pathology.

List of main diagnostic methods:

1 Hormone tests will be indicative for most women with PMS. The level of estrogen (estriol), progesterone, and prolactin is determined in the second phase of the cycle.
2 Assessing the levels of thyroid hormones, cortisol, C-peptide, sex-steroid-binding globulin and glucose tolerance test are of secondary importance.
3 According to indications, ultrasound of the thyroid and mammary glands, ECG, EEG, CT, and MRI are performed.
4 In case of neurological symptoms, a CT or MRI of the brain is necessary to exclude tumor formations. The interpretation of the results obtained is carried out jointly with neurologists.
5 In the case of a neuropsychic form, electroencephalography is desirable, the results of which determine functional disorders in the diencephalolimbic structure of the brain.

5. Treatment methods

It is possible with the help of psychotherapy and lifestyle changes. It is important for women to pay attention to their work and rest schedule.

Following a daily routine and bedtime (optimally no later than 10-11 p.m.) will help you get rid of unpleasant sensations. For those who have night shifts and on duty, it is better to transfer to day work.

It is important to alternate between work and rest during the day. Regular physical education and morning exercises are advisable; for some, a daily walk in the evening is enough.

Working with a psychologist is combined with keeping a special diary, which reflects all the symptoms that precede the onset of menstruation.

It's also helpful to make a schedule. basal temperature, which will allow you to notice the onset, as well as determine how many days before the start of menstruation the first signs of PMS appear.

Pregnancy can be one of the ways to treat PMS. Some women, with a delay, note the disappearance of unpleasant sensations.

5.1. Balanced diet

You definitely need to reconsider your diet. It is necessary to create a menu based on the principles of a healthy lifestyle, with a limit on simple carbohydrates, caffeine, salt, alcohol, and trans fats.

Recommendations for limiting " harmful products" are more relevant for the second phase of the cycle. But on other days you should not abuse them. Additional enrichment of food with fiber, vitamins, minerals and microelements is necessary. In most cases, it is recommended to take special multivitamin complexes.

Several studies have shown that taking food additives, containing vitamin D and calcium, helps reduce the severity of migraines, eliminates mood swings and other symptoms. The effectiveness of additional intake of magnesium and B vitamins (especially B1, B2 and B6) is being studied. The duration of their use should not be less than 3-4 months.

The calorie content of the diet is maintained on average at 1200-1500 kcal; a more accurate calculation is made based on age, body weight and height.

5.2. Drugs

Drug treatment involves prescribing hormonal drugs. The following groups of drugs can be used:

1 (for example, Angelique, Jess plus, Yarina plus, Dimia, Janine, Chloe, Diane-35, Logest, etc.). Their effectiveness has been proven in studies; the selection of the drug is carried out only by the attending physician. He will also tell you how much pills you need to take and what to do if side effects occur.
2 Dopamine receptor agonists (Bromocriptine, Dostinex).
3 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (Buserelin, Diferelin) are used to treat severe forms. They can cause depression and insomnia, so they are not recommended for long-term use.
4 Gestagens (Duphaston, Mirena). This group is still sometimes prescribed in medical practice, although data on their effectiveness for PMS is contradictory. The theory of progesterone deficiency in the second phase of the cycle is already considered outdated abroad, since the influence of prolactin and prostaglandins has been proven.

To improve metabolism and functional state The central nervous system is used by Phezam, Lucetam, Vinpocetine, Magne B6. For dysphoria, a psychotherapist may prescribe lungs sedatives, antidepressants.

Normalize blood rheology, improve blood supply to tissues Pentoxifylline, Troxerutin, Nicergoline. Diuretics are prescribed for severe edema.

As aids use herbs that have sedative effect: valerian extract, motherwort tincture.

Folk remedies for severe PMS may not be effective. Physiotherapy methods have a good effect.

Any attempts to cope with PMS must be combined with the right attitude, a change in perception of the disease and the world around you. For men, the condition in which a woman is may be incomprehensible. It is important that the spouse or sexual partner understands that the reasons for the changed behavior are hormonal fluctuations, and not a whim or whim.

Many women suffer from PMS, which occurs during premenstrual days. What is PMS in women? How to deal with PMS? Let's look at this in more detail.

Decoding PMS

Many girls know firsthand about unpleasant symptoms before menstruation. Probably every woman experienced psycho-emotional disorders and discomfort these days at least once in her life.

How does PMS stand for? - this is premenstrual syndrome (cyclic syndrome, premenstrual illness, premenstrual stress syndrome.) This is a complex set of symptoms that occurs cyclically in women a few days before menstruation.

PMS is characterized by disorders:

psycho-emotional;
metabolic-endocrine;
vegetative-vascular.

These disorders negatively affect a woman’s lifestyle.

Symptoms of PMS in women

The clinical picture of the syndrome includes a number of symptoms:

Neuropsychic (these include: irritability, tearfulness, depression, aggression)
Symptoms associated with disorders of the vegetative-vascular system (these include: headache, heart pain, vomiting, nausea, migraine, dizziness)
Symptoms associated with disorders in endocrine system(these include: swelling, itching, fever, breast swelling, sometimes chest pain).

Depending on the symptoms of PMS, the clinical form of the disease is divided into the following types:

Neuropsychic form.

With this form of the syndrome, symptoms such as depression, aggression, excessive irritability, tearfulness, general weakness, sensitivity to smells and sounds increases. This form of PMS is one of the most common among the others. 43.3% of women experience neuropsychiatric symptoms. Average age women with such symptoms are from 27 to 37 years old. The girls in adolescence aggression predominates, and young women often become depressed during PMS

Cephalgic form.

This form is characterized by headache, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, irritability, depression, pain in the heart, breast engorgement, swelling, and greater sensitivity to odors. With this disease, the headache begins in the temporal part and becomes throbbing. 20% of women suffer from the cephalgic form of premenstrual syndrome. Occurs mainly in women of early reproductive age (about 32%) and late age for reproduction (20%).

Edema form.

With this form, swelling of the face and limbs, skin itching and rash occurs, sweating increases, and pain in the mammary glands appears. There may also be bloating and general weakness. This form occurs mainly in women in early reproductive age and accounts for 46%. During active reproductive age, symptoms of the edematous form occur in only 6% of women.

Crisis form.

With this form it is observed panic disorder, starting with an increase in blood pressure, a feeling of chest compression, fear of death, an unpredictable feeling of anxiety, sweating, shortness of breath. Symptomatic adrenal crises usually occur in the evening or at night and end very excessive urination. The crisis form is the most severe, but is extremely rare in women. Such crises can occur due to prolonged stress, constant fatigue, any infections. In early reproductive age, this form occurs in 4% of women. In active age – 12.5% and 20% in late age.

PMS symptoms are very diverse, there are about 200 of them.

The most common symptoms:

irritability;
tension;
painfully low mood (dysphoria).

After the start of menstruation, symptoms disappear almost immediately. But if symptoms do not go away during the menstrual cycle, you should consult a doctor. Since the cause may be some disease, and not PMS.

How long PMS lasts depends on the woman’s lifestyle, her health and immunity. Some women PMS more pronounced, in others less so.

Causes of PMS

Many people think that the causes of the syndrome are related to the psyche and state of mind of a woman. But in fact the reason is a change in hormonal background women during the menstrual cycle. The syndrome is caused by a violation of the ratio of estrogen and the hormone progesterone in the luteal phase of a woman’s cycle. Signs of PMS before menstruation indicate their imminent onset.

The syndrome cannot occur in the following cases:

Before puberty
During pregnancy,
After the menopause phase,
In the absence of ovaries in women.

The development of the syndrome occurs not only from a lack of the hormone progesterone, but also depending on the characteristics of progesterone metabolism in the central nervous system.

One of the new theories is psychosomatic, where somatic diseases occupy the original place, and mental disorders appear as a result of hormonal imbalance.

The risk of premenstrual syndrome increases with age. Women living in big cities are more likely to suffer from the syndrome than women living in villages.

Stages of cyclic syndrome

There are 3 stages of PMS:

Compensated - symptoms stop with the onset of menstruation and do not progress with age.
Subcompensated - symptoms stop when menstruation ends and progress with age.
Decompensated - symptoms continue for several days after the end of menstruation.

The syndrome has mild and severe degree depending on the signs.

Mild degree - the presence of 3-4 symptoms, 1-2 of which predominate.

Severe degree - 5-10 symptoms immediately appear, 2-5 of which predominate.

Diagnosis of cyclic syndrome in women

Diagnosing the disease is quite difficult due to large quantity symptoms.

To diagnose the syndrome, the main point is the cyclical nature of PMS symptoms that occur before menstruation.

To make a diagnosis, the doctor orders blood tests for hormones in two phases of the menstrual cycle. The doctor examines the medical history and asks about the woman’s complaints.

The condition of the central nervous system and the level of brain damage are assessed using x-rays, depending on the patient’s age and the severity of the disease.

In the case of a neuropsychiatric form, it is necessary to additionally visit a neurologist and psychiatrist, who can prescribe EEG, craniography, and REG.

In case of edematous form, you need to monitor the amount of fluid you drink 3-4 days before and during your period. At in good condition the body fluid is released by 400 ml more than was drunk. The doctor examines the excretory function of the kidneys and may order a mammogram.

With cephalgia, a change occurs in the bones of the cranial vault, so an X-ray, EEG, REG are performed, and the fundus is examined. In this form, consultation with a neurologist, allergist and ophthalmologist is recommended.

In case of crisis, diuresis is measured (the volume of urine that is formed over a certain period of time. The pressure and volume of fluid drunk are also measured. EEG, craniography and REG are prescribed.

Treatment of premenstrual syndrome

How to deal with PMS? PMS treatment is carried out in a complex manner, regardless of the form of the disease. the main objective in the treatment of the syndrome - regulation of the function of the hypothalamus, elimination women's diseases, normalization of dehydration. What treatment will be given depends on the severity. To achieve improvement, it is necessary to carry out a three-month treatment cycle with a two-month break. If symptoms recur, the course of treatment should be continued.

The main methods of treating PMS:

hormonal therapy (use of hormones progesterone, estrogens and others);
physiotherapy (treatment with natural and artificially created natural factors);
pharmacotherapy ( conservative methods– treatment with drugs);
acupuncture (acupuncture, reflexology).

To prevent the syndrome, you need to change your usual lifestyle and start taking vitamins. Try to avoid stress, sudden climate change. The use of combined oral contraceptives is highly undesirable. Abortions also have a negative impact on a woman’s body, so you should try to avoid them. To prevent PMS, you need to regularly exercise and do yoga. Excessive use alcohol and caffeine have a detrimental effect on the body.

Perhaps every representative of the fair sex periodically experienced inexplicable attacks of rage every month, changing at lightning speed to depressive states. Older people sometimes jokingly make excuses by saying: “I’m having PMS!” And not only women, but also men like to use this excuse. Premenstrual syndrome is what PMS stands for. Of course, this does not happen with the male half of humanity. Alas, the weaker sex. The use of this abbreviation by powerful representatives of this world is just an attempt to justify their unfounded aggressive attacks.

How does PMS stand for itself? This is a condition of the body that manifests itself about a week before the onset of menstruation, both physically and emotionally. During of this period your health deteriorates significantly, pain appears in the chest area, headaches and a feeling of bloating are common. The emotional side of the syndrome is as follows: irritability appears, sometimes turning into rage, and outbursts of anger are not excluded. But it can also manifest itself as a state of absent-mindedness and depression. Women during this period are characterized by fairly frequent mood swings in one direction or the other. This is what PMS means!
Most often, this syndrome begins to manifest itself in females aged 25-26 years, according to medical observations. The period of 30-40 years is the peak of manifestations of this syndrome. It is extremely rare, but it can still appear in adolescence. How it is deciphered Sometimes guys think about this, not understanding the reasons for such changes in their ladies. Apathy may appear in the behavior of young girls, their appetite may inexplicably increase, and they may become catastrophically forgetful during this period of time. The state of doing anything can be reduced to zero, and even insomnia becomes well known.

We figured out how PMS manifests itself, but is it possible to somehow prevent this terrible condition by any means? Having drawn your attention to the fact that you have certain symptoms, you should seek advice on this issue from a gynecologist, who, based on clinical trials will be able to prescribe the necessary course of treatment. The degree of manifestation is also different for everyone: some will simply feel a slight malaise, while others are ready to open shelling on those who do not understand something the first time. Of course, the second option has a very detrimental effect on communication with others.

May be prescribed as a treatment May also be offered vitamin preparations in combination with microelements. In particular severe cases Prescribe sedatives (sedatives). To avoid the manifestation of the syndrome, they also offer various water procedures, possibly even relaxation massage, and physiotherapy.

This is how PMS stands for, which so unpredictably changes the female half of humanity. He can turn any vixen into a cute defenseless kitten and back with lightning speed.