home Audience 12 Antihelminthic for humans. "Albendazole" for worms: instructions for use, composition. What medications can children take?

Antihelminthic for humans. "Albendazole" for worms: instructions for use, composition. What medications can children take?

Some people with helminthiases to this day use their grandmother’s recipes for worms, for example, raw pumpkin seeds, garlic, extract from the male shield, essential oil from mari and other home remedies. But such drugs are not safe for health, and the effect of taking them does not occur immediately. Pharmacy drugs have high activity, which helps the patient quickly get rid of helminthic infestation.

In the CIS countries, both adults and children most often become infected with pinworms. Thus, the most common disease among our population due to infection with small helminths of the pinworm species is enterobiasis. Pathologies such as ascariasis and giardiasis are no less common. Roundworms establish colonies in the intestinal tract, after which they penetrate into the bloodstream and are carried by the blood stream to internal organs, for example, to the liver and lungs. Further, the invasive process can have a dangerous course.

The severe development of pathogenesis concerns not only ascariasis, but also any helminthic pathology, therefore it is important to remove the pathogenic worm from the body as soon as possible. And you shouldn’t rely on grandma’s methods, at the risk of not completely removing the worms; therapy with special anthelmintic drugs will be more reliable and effective.

Classes of worms and main medications for helminthiasis

So, depending on the class and type of worms with which the patient is infected, as well as on the age of the person, accompanying pathologies, the state of defenses, the presence of allergies to medications and, of course, the severity of pathogenesis and body weight, the specialist will select the most suitable medicine from helminthiasis. The dosage and duration of treatment is chosen by the doctor individually based on the received diagnostic information. One of the most common medications prescribed in the clinic is:

Pirantel (in tablets or suspension);
Levamisole (in tablets);
Wormil (suspension or tablets);
Piperazine adipate (in tablets);
Ditrazine citrate (in tablets);
Vermox (pills).

Reception features

In order to increase the effectiveness of the anthelmintic effect, you should take the tablets in the morning, and in the evening, cleanse the intestines with an enema, or use a laxative to enhance peristalsis. Since there is a possibility of repeated self-infection, to consolidate the effect, it is necessary to carry out repeated anthelmintic therapy - 2 weeks after the end of the first course.

Any medication with antihelminthic effect must be prescribed by a doctor. The chemical compositions of such products cause intoxication in the body if the dosage permissible for age and weight is not observed. It is unacceptable to carry out uncontrolled self-medication, especially in children, without a recommendation on the possibility of using a particular drug in a particular case.

The dosage and duration of treatment with these drugs will be discussed a little later, but for now let’s look at what medications are prescribed in the presence of a certain class of helminthic infestation.

Drugs against nematodes

Albendazole and its analogues - Sanoxal , Gelmodol-VM (170-250 rub.);
Levamisole hydrochloride or its equivalent Dekaris (62-80 rub.);
Albendazole and analogues - Nemozol, Zentel (200-350 rub.);
Piperazine adipate (12-20 rub.);
Nemocid (127 -150 rub.) or Helminthox (30-55 rub.);
Wormil or Vermox (55-90 rub.);
Dietary supplement Fitoglistocide (240-250 rub.).

Thiabendazole;
Ivermectin;
Ditrazine;
Diethylcarbamazine.

Drugs against cestodes

Albendazole and analogues - Nemozol, Zentel (200-350 rub.);
Praziquantel or its analogues - Biltricide, Azinox (460-1330 rub.);
Devermin and analogue drugs – Niclosamide , Cestocid (120-190 rub.);
Mepacrine or Akrikhin (330-350 rub.).

Drugs against trematodes

Chloxyl and its analogue Ditrazine citrate – the main drugs intended for the treatment of trematodes;
Biltricide or Pikwiton (400-1800 rub.);
Praziquantel And Azinox ( 460-1330 rub.).

Is it necessary to prevent worms with tablets?

meat and fish dishes must undergo thorough heat treatment;
Do not under any circumstances eat unwashed fruits and vegetables;
keep your hands clean after being outside, contacting animals, after using the toilet, always wash them when sitting down to eat;
ensure that nails are cut short, especially in young children;
change bedding more often, and washed linen must be ironed on all sides, carefully passing a hot iron along the seam folds.

Pregnancy and helminthiasis

It is precisely because of the powerful composition that can more harm inflict on the fetus than worms, the use of common remedies is strictly prohibited. But this does not mean that you will need to live with enterobiasis or ascariasis throughout your pregnancy. Experts prescribe only one single remedy that is non-toxic and as gentle as possible, this Piperazine .

Features of taking Piperazine during pregnancy:

if ascariasis is detected: 2 grams per day twice a day 1 hour before meals or the same time after meals; course – 2 days;
if enterobiasis is detected: the dosage is the same, but the duration of treatment will be 5 days, after which you need to take a 7-day break, and then take the medicine again according to a similar regimen (total: 2 courses).

Description of the most popular drugs for worms

This section will fully describe the most common anthelmintics prescribed by doctors when helminthiasis is detected.

Pyrantel tablets and suspensions, Helmintox

Indications

Prescribed for infections with roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, and necator. The medicine is excellent for children, since the composition of the tablets and suspension is non-toxic.

Limitations in use

Should not be used by people sensitive to the active composition; during pregnancy and lactation, drink in extreme cases and only on the recommendation of a specialist. It is not advisable to give Pirantel to children under 3 years of age without consulting a doctor.

By-effect

Neurological disorders - headaches, sleep problems, lethargy, lethargy, the drug is rare, but causes numbness and tingling skin, hearing loss and the appearance of hallucinations; from the gastrointestinal tract - in some cases causes nausea and vomiting, stomach cramp(pain), diarrhea.

How to take the medicine

When infected with roundworms and pinworms, 1 dose is enough (this is the entire course), the dosage of a single dose is selected individually, taking into account the patient’s body weight - 10 mg active substance per 1 kg of weight. It should be taken after meals or immediately at the time of eating in the morning. It is important to carry out after 21 days re-treatment according to the same scheme.

When infected with hookworms, the amount of one dose remains the same, but the therapeutic course is increased to 3 days. Upon completion of treatment, a pause is made for 21 days, after which a consolidation course is carried out according to the same scheme.

If necator is detected in the body, the dosage is doubled, that is, 20 mg of the active substance is used per 1 kg of the patient’s weight. Duration of therapy – 2 days. Necessity repeat course required after 3 weeks.

Decaris or Levamisole tablets

Indications

Used for roundworms, pinworms, hookworms and necators, intestinal oysters, whipworms, toxoplasma.

Limitations in use

The presence of agranulocytosis, neutropenia, allergy to levamisole hydrochloride, pregnancy, and the drug should not be used by nursing mothers or children under 7 years of age.

By-effect

Neurological disorders - headaches, sleep problems, loss of strength, lethargy, can provoke seizures and encephalitic syndrome. It also affects the occurrence of speech disorders and the appearance of hallucinations and lethargy.

From the gastrointestinal tract - in some cases causes nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps (pain), diarrhea, acute pancreatitis. The drug can have a negative effect on kidney function and hematopoiesis (increased creatine, decreased leukocytes, etc.). Often affects taste sensations, skin condition (dermatitis, allergies).

How to take the medicine

The course of therapy is 1 day, after which it is advisable to repeat Levamisole after 7 days. The drug is taken once, that is, one dose is enough, but it is important to follow the dosage. For children from 7 to 14 years old it is 50-100 mg, for patients over 14 years old - 150 mg (1 tablet). Reception is carried out at the time of eating.

Wormin or Vermox

Indications

Active ingredient: Mebendazole. Both remedies are identical in composition and are prescribed for all types of nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. These medications do an excellent job of treating helminths common to humans - pinworms and roundworms.

Limitations in use

The drugs are prohibited from being prescribed to pregnant women, small children under 2 years of age, nursing mothers, people with hepatic encephalopathy, ulcerative and inflammatory lesions of the intestines, as well as in the presence of intolerance to mebendazole, the main component of medications.

By-effect

Cases have been recorded of the development of eosinophilia and leukopenia, cylindruria, hematuria, and anemia after taking medications. Active composition if used uncontrolled, it may adversely affect the condition digestive tract: call pain syndrome V abdominal cavity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. In certain cases, anthelmintic tablets provoke headaches, mental fog, and hair loss.

How to take the medicine

Children aged 2 years and older, as well as adults, are prescribed the same dosage of the drug - a once-daily dose of 400 mg. The duration of therapy is chosen by the doctor based on the diagnosis of helminthic infestation. Typically the course lasts from three to five days. If necessary, treatment is repeated one more time, but after a pause of 2 weeks.

With multilocular echinococcosis and neurocysticercosis, the number of doses per day increases up to 2 times, respectively. general dosage per day will be 800 mg. The duration of treatment is quite long and can last up to 1 month. For the effectiveness of therapy, 3 courses are used with a two-week break.

Ditrazine tablets

Indications

Medicinal composition predominantly active against pathogens of filariasis. Roundworms are also sensitive to the drug, but Ditrazine is less effective against this helminthic infection than, for example, Piperazine.

Limitations in use

Cannot be used for transmissible biohelminthiasis, as well as for people who are allergic to ditrazine citrate.

By-effect

The drug is toxic and may cause skin lesions(itching, rash), nonproductive cough, infiltration in the lungs, inflammation lymphatic formations, an increase in the size of organs, in particular the spleen and liver, in the blood provokes an increase in the level of leukocyte eosinophils.

How to take the medicine

The dosage is calculated taking into account the patient’s body weight: the rate of one dose corresponds to 2 mg for every 1 kg of weight. The drug is taken three times a day for 10 days. Maximum permissible daily dose should not be more than 0.4 grams. Therapy for helminthic infestation is carried out in successive courses: the drug is drunk for 10 days, then a pause is made for 12-14 days, after which treatment is resumed. In total you need to take at least 3 courses. At acute pathogenesis 5 approaches may be required.

Piperazine adipate

Indications

Biologically active substance, which is contained in the drug, is active against two types of worms: roundworms and pinworms. Therefore, the medication is prescribed to people with ascariasis and enterobiasis.

Limitations in use

Organic damage to the central nervous system of any severity, hypersensitivity to chemical composition, presence of renal failure.

By-effect

Possible depression of the gastrointestinal tract with the appearance of nausea and painful sensations in the abdominal cavity, neurological disorders – headache, muscle weakness, trembling limbs.

How to take the medicine

Ascariasis is treated according to the following scheme:

children 0-2 years old should drink 0.2-0.4 g of medication twice a day;
children 2-4 years old are prescribed Piperazine 2 times a day in the amount of 0.3-0.5 g per dose;
for a child 4-6 years old, 0.6-1.0 g of active substance is required twice a day;
younger children school age(6-9 years) it is recommended to take orally from 0.7 g to 1.5 g per 1 dose, the number of doses is 2 times a day;
after 9 years and adults, the medicine is prescribed twice a day, 1.5-2 g;
The drug is drunk before meals (1 hour before), the duration of therapy is 2 days, to consolidate the result, it is appropriate to repeat the treatment course after 1 week.

When infected with pinworms (enterobiasis), the principle of treatment with established dosages for each age group remains the same, but the duration of the course increases to 3-5 days.

Anti-worm tablets have long proven their effectiveness

Which tablets to choose?

This is easy to do if you know the most effective drugs from worms different types:

Nemozol, Vormil, Dekaris, Mebex, Helmintox, Vanquin are prescribed for treatment against roundworms.
Tablets such as Nemozol, Fenastal, Meparkin will help get rid of tapeworms.
Bithionol, Chloxyl, and Perchlorethylene are effective against flukes.

Helmintox – 3 tablets

How do anti-worm medications work?

The tablets are aimed at destroying worms inside the body

To minimize the risk of side effects, it is important to strictly follow the dosage of the medication indicated in the instructions.

There are contraindications that prohibit the use medical supplies under certain conditions. These include:

pregnancy;
lactation period;
the presence of infectious and viral diseases;
intestinal infections;
individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Antihelmintic drugs are contraindicated for pregnant women

To avoid harming your own body during anthelmintic therapy, you should consult a doctor before starting treatment. He will help you choose the most effective and safe medications.

The most effective medicines for worms

– anthelmintic tablets with the active ingredient Albendazole. With their help, ascariasis, giardiasis, hookworm disease, necatoriasis, enterobiasis, and mixed helminthic infestations are treated. You need to take the medicine with food. The tablet is chewed thoroughly and washed down with water. Recommended dosage:

— for necatoriasis, ascariasis, hookworm and enterobiasis ─ 1 tablet once a day, drink for 3–5 days;

— for strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, hymenolepiasis ─ 1 tablet is taken 1 time per day, the course of treatment is 3 days;

— for mixed invasion ─ 1 tablet is taken twice a day, the course of treatment lasts 3 days.

Wormil – 3 tablets

Contraindications: pregnancy and lactation. Side effects– allergies, nausea, dizziness.

– an anthelmintic drug with the active substance Albendazole. These are popular tablets because they destroy different types of worms: Giardia, roundworms, pork and bovine tapeworms. .

— for helminthiasis, it is enough to take 400 mg tablets once, the dose for children is 60 mg of the drug per 10 kg of body weight;

- for cysticercosis of the brain - 800 mg tablets per day for 8-30 days, for children - 15 mg per 1 kg of body weight;

- for ascariasis, enterobiasis, hookworm, the dose for adults is 400 mg, for children - 200 mg once;

— for giardiasis, adults need to take 400 mg tablets, and children 200 mg for 3 days.

Albendazole in the form of a suspension

Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, age under 2 years. Side effects– abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, urticaria, hypertension.

Price – from 170 rub. for 400 mg.

Other drugs for worms that are effective for humans are Medamin, Biltricid, Troychatka Evalar.

Universal products - broad-spectrum tablets

Use to destroy them different drugs not worth it, because every medicine has a pronounced toxic effect. It's better to resort to reception generic medicines. These include:

- tablets effective against many types of worms. Their active component Praziquantel destroys cestodes and trimatodes. The dose and course of treatment are prescribed depending on the specific type of invasion. It varies from 10 to 50 mg of medication per 1 kg of human body weight.

Azinox – 10 tablets

Contraindications: liver cysticercosis, pregnancy, lactation, age under 4 years. Side effects - allergic reactions, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness. Price – from 105 rub.

Cysticide– tablets effective against trematodes, paragonimiasis, schistosomiasis, cestodiasis, cysticercosis. The active ingredient of this drug is Praziquantel. The course of treatment and dose of the drug depend on the type of invasion.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, ocular cysticercosis, pregnancy. Side effects - nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, allergies, increased sweating, weakness. Price – from 250 rub.

– universal action anthelmintic tablets with active component Praziquantel. Effective against various types of worms, in particular flukes and tapeworms. The recommended dose of the drug depends on the type of invasion and is 40–75 mg per 1 kg of weight. Duration of treatment is 1–2 days.

Biltricide – pack of 10 tablets

Contraindications: ocular cysticercosis, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to components. Side effects - asthenia, drowsiness, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea.

Also, Dekaris, Pirantel, and also Vormil, Nemozol, described earlier, have universal anthelmintic properties.

At least some medicine wide range The actions are positioned as universal; they should be used on the recommendation of a doctor. Only a competent specialist will select the dose and frequency of medication that will cure the infection in each specific case.

Medicines for worms for children

Many drugs against worms act too actively on the body, so their choice should be approached selectively, especially when it comes to drugs for treating children. The instructions for each medicine indicate at what age it can be used. Let's consider:

From 6 months – Piperazine, Helmintox, Nemocid, Zentel, Aldazole.
From 1 year – Pirantel, .
From 2 years – Albendazole, Niclosamide.
From 3 years – Vormil, Levamisole.
From 6 years – Diethylcarbamazine.

It is better to give suspensions rather than tablets to children under 4 years of age.

Levamisole 50 ml

The dose of each drug is calculated individually, depending on the type of infection and the weight of the child.

In addition to tablets, folk remedies should be used to treat children. For kids, you can do enemas from garlic broth, insert cloves of garlic into the anus.

In the process of treating helminthic infestation in children, the main thing is to take a balanced approach to the choice of medication. It should not harm the baby's body.

Tablets against worms during pregnancy

The name of the only pills that can be taken during pregnancy is Piperazine. Its active substance Piperazine Adipate acts against roundworms. A course of treatment:

for roundworms, 1.5–2 g tablets twice a day for 2 days;
for pinworms, 1.5–2 g tablets twice a day for 5 days.

Contraindications: CNS diseases. Possible side effects are limb tremors, nausea, dizziness.

Pregnant women should not self-medicate. Drug therapy is permissible only as prescribed by a doctor, if after an examination he decides that the medications will do more good than harm.

Tablets for the prevention of worms

On the one hand, these medications are quite toxic, but on the other hand, if you take prophylactic pills twice a year, this will help avoid invasion, which entails enormous health problems.

To prevent worms, you should use proven tablets

Especially preventive course anthelmintic drugs recommended:

In the process of pharmacological therapy, it is important to choose tablets that will help get rid of helminthic infestation and will not harm the body. Before taking the drug, you must carefully study the instructions, Special attention refer to the sections “contraindications” and “side effects”.

Now, let's talk about antihelminthics.

Indeed, as you write, most first-time residents are well aware of 3-4 medications for worms and, most often, this is enough.

But I remember one incident from my pharmacy life. Once a buyer came to us, named some exotic rubbish and asked us to find him a medicine for it.

We ourselves began to wonder if we had a remedy that could cope with it?

We reached into the storage unit, were surprised that it turned out that there were not 3 antihelminthics, but more, we began to take out the instructions and read the complex Latin names helminthiases in order to find this exotic.

Of course, now we can say that a doctor should prescribe this, blah blah blah, but, you know how it happens... I really wanted to help the person.

Our search was crowned with success, the drug was found! We felt like winners!

Below I will talk about it.

So today we will talk about those drugs that are well known to you, and those, or rather, the one that is not at all well-known.

How do they work?

Which illegal immigrants are affected?

Which anthelmintic drugs are prescribed for very small children, and which ones can be taken by pregnant women?

And what should you tell the buyer when selling each product?

I took information about the drugs from the website State Register medicines.

I won't touch" dead souls”, which are no longer on the market: fenasal, medamin, niclosamide, chloroxyl, etc.

Well, shall we get started?

Levamisole (Decaris)

Available in two forms: tablets of 150 mg, 1 piece per package, and 50 mg tablets, 2 pieces per package.

Remember:

Decaris has no effect on pinworms!

Look at the indications: ascariasis, necatoriasis, hookworm disease. The last two are also roundworms and are much less common than roundworms.

How does it work"?

In Russian, it causes muscle paralysis in helminths and also disrupts the energy processes in the body of an illegal immigrant.

Well, if the energy is at zero and the muscles are relaxed, nothing prevents them from being calmly expelled from the intestines. Moreover, you don’t even need laxatives. Everything happens naturally, thanks to intestinal peristalsis.

Forms of release and mode of administration

150 mg tablets are indicated for adults. It only takes one pill to paralyze a parasite.

50 mg tablets are prescribed to children 3-14 years old.

Why are there 2 tablets in the package? Because depending on age, ½ to 2 tablets are recommended once.

To be on the safe side, you can repeat the dose after 7-14 days.

What could be adverse reactions?

Headache, dizziness, cramps, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Who is it contraindicated for?

Nursing women, children under 3 years of age. For pregnant women only under strict indications.

What to say when selling?

Take Decaris after meals.
You should not drink alcohol for 24 hours after taking it.
After 1-2 weeks, repeat the course.

Mebendazole (Vermox, Wormin)

What helminths does it work on?

The action of this anthelmintic extends to a much larger list of helminths than Dekaris. But it works best on pinworms and whipworms.

Indications: enterobiasis, ascariasis, capillariasis, strongyloidiasis, trichinosis, hookworm disease, taeniasis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, trichocephalosis, gnathostomiasis.

How does it work?

Didn’t I tell you that helminths have a sweet tooth? They love glucose, which is consumed by the owner. By the way, this can explain frequent feeling hunger due to helminthiasis.

In addition, they need glucose like air, since it is involved in the synthesis of ATP, the main source of energy for the life of most living creatures.

Vermox disrupts the absorption of glucose by worms, which means that ATP synthesis is also disrupted. The helminth's strength leaves.

It is practically not absorbed in the intestines, so it works directly from the enemy’s lair.

Reception mode

The dose and regimen depend on the age and type of helminth. For example, with enterobiasis, a 10-year-old child needs 1 tablet to deal with an illegal immigrant. But it is better to repeat the course after 2-4 weeks.

And for ascariasis, you will need 6 tablets (a whole package) to kill a dependent, since in this case you need to take 1 tablet 2 times a day for 3 days.

Other helminths require different tactics. See instructions.

Abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness.

Who is it contraindicated for?

Children under 2 years old, pregnant and lactating women.

What to say when selling?

After 2-4 weeks the course must be repeated.
Alcohol should not be consumed within 24 hours after taking it.
Fatty foods enhance the absorption of the drug into the blood, so while you are being treated with Vermox, try to avoid fatty foods.

Pyrantel (Pyrantel, Helmintox)

What helminths does it work on?

Effective on pinworms, roundworms, hookworms, whipworms.

In medical terms it will sound like this: enterobiasis, ascariasis, hookworm disease, trichocephalosis.

How does it work?

It works on young and adult illegal immigrants, but it spares the larvae, so repeated use is necessary.

It is very poorly absorbed from the intestines.

Forms of release and mode of administration

This drug is good because it comes in the form of a suspension.

Pyrantel suspension can be given to a child from 6 months of age. Remember last time we said that enterobiasis is very contagious, and an older child can easily infect a younger one?

Age-specific dosages of the suspension are indicated in the instructions, so you don’t need to calculate anything per kilogram of weight. Just open the instructions and read.

The number of tablets depends on age and weight. For example, an 8-year-old child will need 2 tablets per dose. Usually, for enterobiasis and ascariasis, a single dose is sufficient, but for combined helminthiases (this also happens), you will have to repeat the dose one or two more times.

What adverse reactions can it cause?

When taking it, you may experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, rash, drowsiness or insomnia.

Who is it contraindicated for?

Nursing.
With caution - pregnant women and people with liver failure.

What should you say when selling?

Take Pirantel during or after meals, chewing the tablets thoroughly and drinking a glass of water.
For car enthusiasts: it may cause drowsiness, so it is better not to drive while taking this drug.
After 3 weeks it is advisable to repeat the course.

Piperazine adipate (Piperazine)

A good old, although forgotten, anthelmintic.

Who does it affect?

For roundworms and pinworms (ascariasis, enterobiasis).

How does it work?

Causes paralysis of the muscles of helminths.

Neutralizes 90-95% of enemy units the first time. The second time - 100%.

It is quickly absorbed into the blood and excreted mainly by the kidneys. This explains the side effects, which are discussed below.

But in general, this is a low-toxic drug.

Forms of release and mode of administration

Previously there were tablets of 0.2 and 0.5 g. Now only 0.5.

Take Piperazine 1 hour before meals or 0.5-1 hours after meals. age dosages. For example, adults need to take 3 tablets at once. And so 2 times a day.

For ascariasis, the course is 2 days in a row, for enterobiasis - 5 days. In the latter case, it is recommended to take another 1-2 courses, taking a week break between them.

What side effects does it cause?

Abdominal pain, nausea, headache.

If kidney function is impaired, there may be tremors, euphoria, hallucinations, and impaired coordination of movements.

Who is it contraindicated for?

Pregnant, nursing. Security not established. Although I read in other sources that this is the only drug approved for use by pregnant women. In general, be careful with pregnant women, and if you take responsibility for advising something, recommend only not in the first trimester.
Persons with chronic renal failure and organic diseases of the central nervous system.

What to say when selling?

Take it an hour before meals or 30 minutes to 1 hour after.
At night, do an enema (4-5 glasses for adults, 1-2 glasses for children) for mechanical removal worms.
After a week, repeat the course (for enterobiasis).

Albendazole (Nemozol)

What helminths does it work on?

On roundworms: roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, whipworms, etc. (ascariasis, enterobiasis, hookworm disease, necatoriasis, trichuriasis).
For intestinal acne - the disease is called strongyloidiasis (it’s still that kind of rubbish: many organs are affected, but most often the bile ducts).
Pork tapeworm larvae (Neurocysticercosis).
Echinococcus (echinococcosis).
Giardia.
Toxocara is the causative agent of toxocariasis (common helminthiasis in dogs).

How does it work?

Poorly absorbed from the intestine, but intake fatty foods increases absorption into the blood 5 times, which means there will be more side effects.

Forms of release and mode of administration

Nemozol is available in the form chewable tablets, suspensions and film-coated tablets.

Take it during meals or immediately after.

The dose and course depend on the type of helminth and the patient’s body weight.

Who is it contraindicated for?

Pregnant women, persons with retinal damage.

Caution: nursing mothers, people with liver failure and hematopoietic disorders.

What side effects does it cause?

There are a lot of them, and they are serious, so I would not advise you to take it upon yourself and recommend this drug yourself.

See what could happen:

Liver dysfunction
Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia,
Acute renal failure,
Increasing A/D,
Meningeal symptoms
Well, and more harmless ones: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, reversible alopecia, itchy skin, rash.

Has a teratogenic effect. Therefore, during treatment with it and for a month after its completion, reliable contraception is required!

During treatment with Nemozol, you need to take a blood test regularly, once every 2 weeks.

What to say when selling?

For a woman: during treatment and for another month after the end of treatment with this anthelmintic, you need to protect yourself from pregnancy.
While you are being treated with this drug, avoid fatty foods and grapefruits as they increase the absorption of the drug into the blood and increase the likelihood of adverse reactions.
Take it with or immediately after meals.
For car enthusiasts: the drug may reduce the reaction, so they are not recommended to drive during treatment.

Praziquantel (Biltricide)

This is exactly the drug that I talked about at the beginning.

Indications:

Infections caused by schistosome worms (Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma intercalatum, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi). Common name them - schistosomiasis.
Infections caused by liver and lung flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverrini, Paragonimus westermani). Have you heard about opisthorchiasis? It occurs when eating contaminated, poorly cooked fish.

Both of them have suckers in order to securely attach to the host’s body, which is why they are called “flukes.”

How does it work?

Quickly and completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract into the blood.

Forms of release and mode of administration

Available in film-coated tablets, 6 tablets per package.

Take the drug without chewing, after meals. Treatment lasts only 1 or 2 days depending on the type of helminth.

The tablets can be taken once, twice or three times a day. This also depends on the type of illegal immigrant.

The instructions clearly state single dosages by weight.

If you have to dispense this drug, do not be lazy to count the number of tablets per course. Perhaps one package will not be enough.

What side effects does it cause?

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, itching, fever.

Who is it contraindicated for?

Patients with impaired liver function.
Pregnant women (especially strictly contraindicated in the 1st trimester) and lactating women. Breastfeeding should not be done during treatment with the drug and for another three days.
Children under 4 years old.

What to say when selling?

Take the tablets without chewing after meals.
For car enthusiasts: it is better not to drive while being treated with this drug.

Conclusions:

If we are dealing with ascariasis, Dekaris, Vermox or Piperazine are quite suitable, but they are weaker.

If the uninvited guests are pinworms, Vermox and Pirantel will deal with them wonderfully, and there is no need to use heavy artillery in the form of Nemozol. You can get by with Piperazine, but you will have to give it for 5 days.

If a family with pinworms has a child aged 6-12 months, only one drug is suitable for him: Pyrantel in suspension.

Nemozol and Vermox act on tapeworms (pork tapeworm, echinococcus, alveococcus, etc.). The latter is weaker, but less toxic.

And if illegal immigrants are flukes, then main drug- Biltricide.

If some helminths are not listed in the instructions, then remember that three drugs have the widest spectrum of action: Nemozol, Biltricid and Vermox.

Strictly contraindicated for pregnant women:

Mebendazole (Vermox), albendazole (Nemozol).

Strictly contraindicated for nursing mothers:

Levamezole (Dekaris), mebendazole (Vermox, Wormin), Pyrantel.

Complex sales for helminthiasis

And finally.

Exercise for the mind

And finally, two math problems.

Just to solve them, you will have to take the instructions:

Problem number one

The family lives: mother, father, grandmother, 6-year-old son and 8-month-old daughter.

A little son (6 years old) came to his father and showed him a piece of paper from kindergarten, where it was written in red ink that, they say, your child has been diagnosed with pinworms, treat it urgently!

Attention, question:

Which drugs and in what quantity would you recommend to this dad?

Problem number two

The Paramonov family consists of a mother, father, an 8-year-old son and another 3-year-old son. One morning, oh, horror, my mother found little white worms in the stool of my youngest. Mom immediately, headlong, flew to you, to the pharmacy.

Attention, question:

What will you offer her, and how many packages?

And very, very finally:

You may have been asked about pumpkin seeds and garlic enemas: they say they are very effective for helminthiasis.

What will I tell you:

About pumpkin seeds: they actually work on some worms (although history is silent on which ones). But for results to be achieved, a single dose of seeds must be 300 grams! As for the coursework, only God knows.

Although, if the pharmacy has them in stock, you can offer them in combination with an anthelmintic.

Regarding the garlic enema.

Write down the recipe.

Take a head of garlic. Grind. Pour a glass of water and bring to a boil. Cool, strain, put into a syringe and administer rectally to MOM or DAD, who was going to give his little blood such an execution.

Better yet, add the juice of one onion to the garlic and add the SAME.

Perhaps the helminths burst into tears from the juice of onions and sneeze from the smell of garlic, but this is unlikely to have any effect on their health and existence. But the child’s rectal mucosa will be seriously damaged.

On this sad note, let me end our conversation for today.

With love to you, Marina Kuznetsova

Just a few decades ago, mainly drugs were used to treat helminthiases. plant origin(, wormwood, chenopodia oil). Drugs medicinal plants characterized by limited action, which was not always enough for complete recovery.

Synthetic tablets remove helminths from the body more efficiently and quickly than their plant counterparts, and can be used to treat extraintestinal helminthiases.

Medicines of various chemical groups (derivatives of ethanolamine, salicylamide, pyrazinoisoquinoline, benzimidazole) can be used as anthelmintic drugs.

Broad-spectrum antihelminthic drugs;
Anti-cestodal drugs for humans;
Antitrematodoses;
Antinematode drugs.

Each one on the list should be considered. pharmacological groups in details.

Broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs

Anticestodoses

The action of anticestodal drugs is aimed at disrupting life cycle cestodes - tape flatworms that settle in the intestines of humans and large animals. The effect of such means is usually double:

Paralysis of helminth muscles;
Violation of the worm's defense against the action of digestive enzymes.

Under the influence of the drug, flatworms are separated from their attachment points without outside intervention and are digested along with food. A laxative is not prescribed, since as a result of increased intestinal peristalsis, the body of the worm can come off the head. In this case, the head itself will have to be removed surgically.

Antitrematodoses

Antitrematode drugs act directly on the somatic cells of flat digenetic flukes. In this case, the processes of polymerization of tubulin tubes are disrupted and the cell cytoskeleton loses its ability to adapt.

Drugs belonging to this group are recommended for use only in adults due to the high risk of side effects. The drugs are extremely toxic, have helminthicidal and toxic effects, and can lead to the following symptoms:

Enlarged liver;
Arrhythmia;
Cardiogenic pain;
Protein in urine;
Pain in the liver area;
Allergic reactions up to angioedema and anaphylactic shock.

If any of the above symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor to assess the risks and consider the advisability of using the drug in the future.

Anti-trematode drugs are contraindicated in nursing and pregnant women, people suffering from heart disease and prone to allergies, patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.

Antinematode drugs

Intestinal nematodes are roundworms that live in the intestines.

Treatment of helminthiasis of this type is the simplest and is rarely accompanied by side effects. Drugs whose action is directed against nematodes are characterized by low toxicity and high efficiency. Antinematode drugs lead to paralysis of the worm’s body and its removal from the body naturally. In addition to specialized medications, nematodes can be treated with a wide range of drugs.

Effective anti-worm medications for adults

Extensive clinical practice for the treatment of helminthiases various types allows us to draw conclusions with high accuracy about what anthelmintic drugs for adults are most effective, and which ones are best not to use. The most effective anthelmintic drugs include the following names of pharmacological products:

Pirantel

Tablet anthelmintic drug. It is characterized by high efficiency and low toxicity. Prescribed 1 time per day, after the morning meal. In this case, the tablet must be chewed thoroughly and washed down with clean boiled water. There is no need to take laxatives together with pyrantel. The cost of the product in pharmacies starts from 22 rubles per pack (hereinafter according to 2016 data in Russia).

Pyrantel for enterobiasis and ascariasis is prescribed once, at a rate of 10 mg/kg body weight. Other types of helminths may require lengthening the course of therapy to 2-3 days. During pregnancy, the drug is not recommended, but can be used if the benefit to the mother exceeds possible harm for the fetus. Side effects (nausea, vomiting, irritable bowel, headache, dizziness) develop extremely rarely, more often with extended courses of treatment.

Helminthox

Contraindications to the use of helminthox are similar to those for pyrantel. It should also be taken into account that the drug includes several varieties excipients(sorbitol, glycerol, polysorbate, lemon acid, povidone, etc.). If you have an individual intolerance to additional components, you should also avoid using the medicine. The cost of helminthox is 70-100 rubles.

Dekaris

For the treatment of helminthiasis in adult patients, 1 tablet of medication with a dosage of 150 mg is required. IN childhood A gentle dose of the drug is used, equal to 50 mg of levomisol. The drug is dosed in a similar way for patients suffering from renal or liver failure.

Contraindications include blood diseases and hematopoietic organs, pregnancy and lactation, age less than 3 years, individual intolerance to individual components of the dosage form. average cost drug - 80 rubles.

Albendazole

The drug is available in a dose of 400 mg of active substance per 1 tablet. Also on the medicinal products market you can find albendazole in the form of a suspension with a dosage of 100 mg per 5 ml.

The medicine is not used during pregnancy, retinal pathology, blood diseases, allergic reactions or hypersensitivity reactions to its components in the past. The average cost of albendazole is 180-200 rubles.

Vermox

Vermox is an analogue of mebendazole and albendazole. It has similar indications and contraindications. The dose of mebendazole in 1 Vermox tablet is 100 mg. Not recommended joint reception with metronidazole, carbamazepine, phenytoin, ritonavir. The cost of the drug in Moscow pharmacies is 95-100 rubles.

Wormil

Another drug from the albendazole group. It has a wide range of anthelmintic activity and is used for any intestinal and extraintestinal helminthiasis. The tablet must be chewed thoroughly and washed down with water. The course of treatment with Wormil for severe helminthiasis can reach 30 days.

Nemozol

A drug similar to albendazole, mebendazole, vormil and vermox. Available in doses of 400 mg and 100 mg per 1 tablet. Indications, contraindications, medicinal properties and the mechanism of action does not differ from albendazole.

Despite the drugs used, treatment of worms in adults can take quite a lot of time. long time. Some types of helminthiasis require therapy for two or more months.

Anti-worm suspension

In adults, helminthiasis is treated with tablets. However, how to treat children for whom swallowing a pill large sizes could it be difficult? For this purpose, most anthelmintics are available in the form of a suspension.

Suspension is a suspension of tiny solid particles of a drug in a liquid. This dosage form is not inferior to tablets in effectiveness and is significantly superior to them in terms of ease of use.

Taking into account the fact that it is often used specifically for the treatment of children, the dose of the substance in this dosage form is deliberately underestimated by the manufacturer. However, this does not mean that liquid medicine cannot be used for anthelmintic therapy in adults. Anyone can take suspensions. You just need to increase the amount of medication taken in accordance with its dosage.

Pyrantel, Wormil, and Helmintox are available in the form of a suspension.

Medicines in drops

Anthelmintic drugs for children are also available in the form of drops. Before taking the medicine, dilute it in 50-100 ml of water and take it orally. Dosage form convenient for treatment helminthic infestations in children, elderly people who have difficulty swallowing. Pyrantel, Nemozol, and antihelminthic forte are available in drops. Indications and contraindications for the use of certain drops are similar to those for the main tablet form of the drug.

dietary supplements

Dietary supplements are actively used in the treatment of helminthiasis. Biologically active additives have plant based, do not have a toxic effect, can be used for people who have contraindications to the use of synthetic medicines. In general, dietary supplements contain the same components as folk mixtures and decoctions of anthelmintic action (tansy, walnut).

Bactefort

Domestic deworming drops. Not considered a drug. Bactefort contains:

All of the above components have anthelmintic, disinfectant, bactericidal and immunostimulating effects.

Intoxic

Anthelmintic drug with plant-animal composition. It includes:

Juice of the fruits of the Sumac plant;
Dzungarian ferula;
Bear bile;
Excipients.

It should be remembered that dietary supplements, despite the assurances of manufacturers, do not pass clinical trials, comparable to trials of full-fledged drugs. Therefore, it is better to use them for the prevention of helminthiasis. Treatment with drugs with unproven effectiveness can lead to the progression of the disease and a significant deterioration in the patient’s condition.

Medicines for pregnant and lactating women

Anthelmintic drugs for adults are not used in the first trimester of pregnancy, since the risk of toxic and teratogenic effects on the fetus is too great. During the remaining period, therapy with agents that have a mild effect is allowed.

Piperazine is one of the drugs that is recommended for pregnant and lactating women. Its spectrum of action is quite small (enterobiasis and ascariasis), so it can be used to treat other helminthiases. herbal remedies.

Acceptable herbal remedies include pumpkin seeds. They must be consumed raw, crushed using a blender. It is not recommended to heat the seeds, as this will cause them to lose most of their medicinal properties.

Wormwood or tansy cannot be used as a medicine during pregnancy, as these herbs affect the tone of the uterus.

Contraindications

Contraindications to pharmacological therapy may vary depending on which drug is planned to be prescribed to the patient.

So, the most common today anthelmintic- mebendazole, as well as its analogues, are not recommended for use in the following diseases and conditions:

In turn, herbal remedies (tansy) are prohibited from being used for diseases and conditions such as:

Also absolute contraindication to the use of any drug is the presence of hypersensitivity to its components or a history of allergic reactions to this drug.

Prevention and healthy eating

Prevention of helminthic infestations is carried out mainly non-specific methods. These include:

Washing hands before eating;
Careful cooking;
Eating only well-done meat;
Refusal to eat raw and dried fish;
Drink only boiled water;
Regular consumption of raw onions, garlic, red pepper.

Specific preventive measures include regular course use of anthelmintic drugs. However, such actions are not approved by most practitioners. The fact is that all anthelmintic drugs, without exception, are toxic to one degree or another. Their use without indications is not justified.

WITH for preventive purposes You should also not eat tansy. This remedy, although it belongs to the herbal category, is highly toxic and can have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects.

With the help of broad-spectrum drugs, you can simultaneously get rid of various types helminths.

Inexpensive broad-spectrum antihelminthic drugs for adults

Analogues:

Medicine	Indications	Contraindications	Price in rubles
Albendazole Analogues:	Ascariasis Hookworm Gnathostomiasis Neurocysticercosis Opisthorchiasis Toxocariasis Trichinosis Trichuriasis Enterobiasis Mixed helminthiases	Age less than 2 years, pregnancy, breastfeeding.	125 – 140
Teniarinhoz Pork tapeworm Dipylidiasis	Anemia, pregnancy, breastfeeding, peptic ulcer duodenum and stomach, elderly age. It is prohibited to use without prescription!	115 – 135
Biltricide (Praziquantel) Analogues:	Paragonimiasis Fascioliasis Cysticercosis Trematodosis Metagonimiasis Opisthorchiasis Clonorchiasis Cestodosis Hymenolepiasis Diphyllobothriasis, Teniarinhoz	Age up to 4 years, cystecosis of the eye, pregnancy. Decompensated with caution liver failure, heart rhythm disturbance.	360 – 420 There is a discount now. The drug can be obtained for 197 rubles.