home Audience 6 Decreased hemoglobin content in the blood. Treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia with a lack of hemoglobin. Causes of a decrease in hemoglobin

Decreased hemoglobin content in the blood. Treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia with a lack of hemoglobin. Causes of a decrease in hemoglobin

The level of hemoglobin is a very important indicator in human blood, because its decrease can lead to general malaise. A decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood leads to the fact that in all organs and tissues there is a lack of oxygen, which leads to an increased load on the heart, respiratory organs, And blood vessels. All this can lead to reduced immunity and depletion of the body. To prevent in time backfire low hemoglobin, you need to know the causes and recognize the signs of the disease.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin in the blood

Although a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood is not specific disease, but still has a series special features and symptoms in humans. You can detect a drop in the level after passing general analysis blood, but the following symptoms of low hemoglobin may prompt you to donate:

frequent migraines;
weakness;
drowsiness;
asthenia (fatigue, impotence);
shortness of breath and disturbances heart rate;
inattention and impaired memory;
downgrade blood pressure;
lack of appetite;
irregular menstruation(in women), problems with potency (in men);
fainting (with severe course).

All of these symptoms result from oxygen starvation, as well as disorders of carbon dioxide metabolism in the body and regulation acid-base balance. But there are more critical signs of low hemoglobin that can be dangerous to human health:

respiratory failure;
vomiting and diarrhea;
paleness and peeling of the skin;
severe dryness hair, their loss and slow growth;
brittle nails and the presence of spots and fungal infections on them;
crackles and sores in the corners of the lips;
immunosuppression and permanent colds;
cramps and tingling in the legs;
distortion of taste, smell, strange taste preferences (I want to eat chalk, lime, clay or even earth, and the smell of acetone or, for example, gasoline seems pleasant).

In case of any of the above manifestations, it is necessary to consult a doctor, pass the appropriate tests and, if necessary, begin treatment and recovery.

Reasons why hemoglobin drops

For the normal formation of hemoglobin in the blood, certain conditions in the body must be observed, the malfunctions of which become the reason why hemoglobin decreases. Let's examine these factors in more detail.

What causes low hemoglobin? The main danger lies in the fact that human organs and tissues are not sufficiently nourished and saturated with oxygen. If a person has low hemoglobin, symptoms appear quickly and a number of unpleasant ailments appear in a person, malfunctions in the immune system occur, colds overtake more and more often, and even lead to complications. If the hemoglobin level is slightly lowered, then the problem can be solved relatively quickly, using proper diet. But unfortunately on early stages it is quite difficult to diagnose anemia, because there may be no signs of low hemoglobin, and in advanced cases it is much more difficult to restore it.

Nutrition that eliminates the decrease in hemoglobin in the blood

If hemoglobin is not critically low, most often this deviation can be corrected by normalizing your diet.

Iron is an element in our blood that is able to carry oxygen to organs and cells. A decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is due to a lack of iron in the body. Therefore, it is very important that the diet is complete, varied and includes foods rich in iron.

Give up coffee and strong tea for a while.

These drinks impair the body's absorption of iron.

Rosehip decoction.

If the usual tea is replaced with rosehip broth, this will not only speed up the healing process, but also strengthen the immune system and refresh the body tone. natural juices will also become a useful "coffee substitute" at least for the duration of treatment.

Say no to milk, nuts, soy and semolina.

These foods also interfere with the proper saturation of blood cells with iron.

Vegetables.

Potatoes, beets, tomatoes, carrots, pumpkin, spinach are extremely useful for symptoms of low hemoglobin.

Beets are the leader of vegetables that can stop the decrease in hemoglobin and overcome anemia.

Fruits.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin can be eliminated by proper fruit nutrition. Dried fruits have high content iron, fresh fruits include pomegranates, raspberries, peaches, quinces, persimmons, pears, kiwis and apples.

Meat.

Among the varieties of meat, veal is the most saturated with iron. However, both beef and pork are no less effective. Liver, tongue, white chicken meat and other meat products significantly increase hemoglobin in the blood.

Cereals.

Beans, buckwheat, lentils, oatmeal, peas are the most distinguished among cereals in terms of iron content.

Folk recipes

There are currently many medicines and methods of treatment aimed at normalizing hemoglobin in the blood. For example, thanks to a properly performed blood transfusion with low hemoglobin, the consequences of such an intervention can eliminate the disease completely and in as soon as possible.

However, folk methods treatments work better pharmaceutical products. To eliminate the signs of low hemoglobin in the blood, the following recipes can be used.

Herbal decoctions.

Herbs are eternal helpers that help us cope with many diseases and abnormalities. For the treatment of low hemoglobin, decoctions of St. John's wort and blackberries are very effective. Grind 2 blackberry leaves and add to the herb of St. John's wort, which should be about 1.5 times more in quantity, add the white yasnitka grass to the mixture in the same amount as the blackberry leaves.

Fill the collection with boiling water and insist at least three hours. The resulting decoction should be taken 3 times a day for a month or until hemoglobin returns to normal.

Clover

3-4 heads of this plant must be poured with 200 ml of boiling water and insisted for about an hour. Decoction to drink three times a day for half a cup before meals.

Green walnuts.

We will need 2 cups of chopped nuts and 1.5 kg of honey. Mix the ingredients, store in a dark place for about a month. Sometimes the mixture needs to be stirred. This mixture should be taken three times a day for half an hour before meals. It is stored in the refrigerator.

To eliminate the causes and consequences of low hemoglobin, it is necessary to take tests and find the root of the problem, why low hemoglobin in the blood. Eat iron-rich foods and donate blood at least once a year for your peace of mind. Take care of yourself!

Most heard about hemoglobin in childhood. Experts give its content in the blood Special attention. This is not surprising, since hemoglobin performs the most important mission: it carries oxygen to all tissues and organs. human body, and from there delivers carbon dioxide into the lungs. Thus, it ensures the vital activity of the organism, guarantees it "breathing".

Hemoglobin - what is it?

Hemoglobin is a complex protein found in erythrocytes (red blood cells). It contains:

protein directly;
iron compounds.

The atoms of the latter provide the blood with a red color. Thanks to iron, hemoglobin performs its respiratory function, because it is able to combine oxygen molecules and give it to tissues.

Low hemoglobin: causes

The body loses hemoglobin for many reasons. The most common of them are:

A low level of iron-containing protein is considered natural in donors who donate blood constantly. But the level of hemoglobin quickly normalizes if everything is in order in the body. Otherwise medical staff will no longer use the services of a donor.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin

A decrease in hemoglobin below normal manifests itself as symptoms:

Subjective - they are evidenced by complaints of patients.
Objective, which can be measured quantitatively.

Subjective asthenic symptoms are as follows:

weakness in the whole body;
daytime sleepiness and insomnia at night;
the morning rise is heavy (to get up, you need to make an effort);
increased fatigue;
buzzing in the ears;
persistent headaches;
frequent dizziness, possible fainting and pre-fainting;
the menstrual cycle is disturbed;
a noticeable decrease in potency;
loss of interest in food up to disgust for it.

The presence of such symptoms indicates a lack of oxygen in the tissues and a violation of the pH level in the cells.

Separately, dystrophic subjective symptoms are distinguished, which act indirect signs deficiency in the body of iron:

Damage to the nail plates: they become thinner, exfoliate, break easily. Spots and fungal diseases may appear.
Change in hair: they almost stop growing, but fall out much more than before. The ends split, and the strands themselves become brittle and faded.
Taste and smell are impaired. There is a desire to use inedible substances: chalk, sand, tooth powder, sulfur from matches. You can easily eat raw foods - such as minced meat or cereals. The smells of acetone, naphthalene, nail polish do not bring discomfort, they become pleasant.
The skin becomes pale and dry.
Tingling in the feet.
Convulsions in the lower limbs.
Slight rise in temperature.

Such symptoms can also appear with a slight decrease in hemoglobin, if it has been going on for a long period of time.

Among the objective symptoms it should be noted:

tachycardia, in which the pulse significantly exceeds 90 beats per minute;
lowering blood pressure;
murmurs are heard in the heart.

In the early temporary stages of a decrease in hemoglobin, a person can only feel weakness, the appearance of which is explained by overwork or beriberi. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a blood test at least twice a year in order to stop the disease processes in time.

What is dangerous low hemoglobin: consequences

An insufficient supply of iron in the body causes anemia. Data medical statistics fix it in 90% of those patients in whom hemoglobin is lowered. Iron deficiency anemia affects a third of the world's population, especially women and children.

Depending on the level of hemoglobin, anemia can manifest itself in several forms:

Light - the content of iron-containing protein in the blood is in the range from 90 to 120 g / l.
Medium - hemoglobin drops to 60 g / l.
Severe - the level of iron-containing protein falls below 60 g / l.

If you allow a decrease in hemoglobin to 50 g / l, then there is a threat of acidosis - a shift in the body acid-base balance towards increasing acidity. This condition is very dangerous, because it leads to depression of the respiratory centers and cardiac activity.

Prolonged exposure of hemoglobin below the lower limits of the norm can cause significant problems in the functioning immune system. And this means that even a common cold is difficult and the likelihood of complications is high. The body loses its ability to defend itself against harmful organisms and microbes, which poses a threat to health and even life.

Features of low hemoglobin in women and men

In adult women and men, low hemoglobin manifests itself with similar symptoms. But there are also some features.

Men note a decrease in potency. And with a decrease in hemoglobin to a certain level, temporary impotence is possible.

Female representatives almost always have a violation of the menstrual cycle. At first, there are delays, failures in time. Later, menstruation may stop completely.

One of the reasons for the decrease in hemoglobin is pseudo-blood loss. They are possible in the presence of uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts in the female genital organs. Neoplasms are periodically filled with blood, which resolves too slowly. In this case, hemoglobin is not able to perform its functions, since it is converted into another compound.

Decreased hemoglobin during pregnancy

For women in interesting position low hemoglobin is common.

At the same time, a significant deviation from the norm is a serious threat to health, not only future mother, but also an unborn baby.

Reduced hemoglobin is dangerous by the appearance of:

hypotension of the uterus (a sharp decrease in its tone and ability to contract);
hypoxia (lack of oxygen for the fetus);
improper location of the placenta;
delay or cessation of fetal development.

The baby may be born with:

low body weight;
underdevelopment;
disorders of the respiratory and nervous systems;
atrophy of muscles and individual organs;
deviations in the development of mental and physical, which will manifest themselves in a few months or years.

Given such threats, pregnant women are required to tirelessly monitor their health and visit doctors even at the slightest suspicion of pathology. Even at the planning stage of conception, a woman should take care of her diet in order to prevent the development of anemia.

Decreased hemoglobin in children

In babies, low hemoglobin can cause both pathologies and food shortages. essential minerals and vitamins.

If the level of iron-containing protein drops to a critical level, without transfusion donated blood not enough. For crumbs up to a year, this is necessary if hemoglobin approaches 85 g / l. In older children, the limit value is 70 g / l.

Very active babies may also have low hemoglobin levels.

How to bring hemoglobin back to normal with medical methods

Before trying to treat low hemoglobin, it is necessary to identify the cause of this condition and eliminate it.

Therapeutic measures are aimed not only at normalizing the level of iron-containing protein, the color index, but also at restoring the concentration of iron in the serum and blood depot - reservoir organs (such as the spleen, liver and skin).

In the presence of micro- and macrobleeding, the following can be shown:

removal of hemorrhoids;
correction uterine bleeding;
surgical removal of uterine fibroids;
therapy of ulcers, enteritis and other diseases of the housing and communal services.

Pathogenetic methods for the treatment of low hemoglobin involve the appointment of iron preparations, vitamins of group B. They can be taken either orally or as injections. The prescribed dose should provide healing effect and at the same time it cannot be excessive, so as not to cause the phenomenon of intolerance.

Injections should preferably be taken under conditions inpatient treatment. This will prevent the consequences of a possible and common allergy to iron supplements.

In the presence of unresolved etiological factors, such as heavy menstruation, uterine bleeding, hemorrhoids or gastrointestinal ailments - anti-relapse therapy is carried out chronic anemia. She has an individual character. Small doses of iron preparations are selected. They are taken either several times a year, or monthly for several days. The level of hemoglobin and indicators of iron metabolism are under the control of the doctor during these periods.

How to increase hemoglobin by adjusting the diet

In the complex of combating low hemoglobin, nutrition plays an important role. If the wrong diet is the main reason for the lack of iron-containing protein in the body, then this can be easily eliminated in a few weeks.

When iron deficiency is detected in the body, then it is necessary to include products containing it in the menu. Their list is not small. The most popular and available of them are:

The menu also needs to be filled with seafood, nuts, potatoes baked with the peel, bran from wheat and oats. It is useful to use brewer's yeast, cocoa, cranberries and raspberries.

An effective mix of carrot and beet juices. It should be taken half a glass a day. It is important that freshly squeezed beetroot juice stand for at least an hour before mixing.

When compiling the menu, it must be taken into account that foods containing calcium slow down the absorption of iron. Therefore, they must be used separately.

Folic acid stores can be replenished by including in the diet:

Balanced and reasonable consumption of such products provides the synthesis of folic acid by the intestinal microflora in sufficient quantities. And this means that hemoglobin will return to normal.

Those who have low levels should significantly limit their intake of coffee and tea. And alcohol and smoking should be completely abandoned.

Reduced hemoglobin does not allow not only to work normally, but simply to live. Therefore, to identify the reasons for this disease state you need to start therapy as soon as possible and without delay.

In order for the body to produce a sufficient amount of hemoglobin, it is necessary to eat a balanced diet, consume foods containing vitamin B12 and folic acid. An important factor normal absorption of iron in the gastrointestinal tract.

IN hematopoietic system there should be no pathological changes that provoke a deviation of hemoglobin from the norm.

In classic novels, romantic young ladies often faint when emotionally disturbed. Today's girls and women are not so romantically nervous, but they also have fainting spells. They are caused by a completely prosaic reason - there is not enough oxygen to the brain cells.

Transportation of oxygen main function hemoglobin

There is not enough oxygen, because there is not enough in the blood of its main carrier - hemoglobin. It is an iron-containing protein, which is literally stuffed with red blood cells. It is because of him that our blood is red.

Most hemoglobin in newborns

The rate of hemoglobin in the blood is strongly influenced by age and gender. . Most high level in newborns, as they grow older, the hemoglobin rate gradually decreases, month after month.

In a monthly baby, it is already less than in a newborn.
An infant per year has different hemoglobin values than those that are normal for a six-month-old baby.
By the age of 16-18, a boy or girl normally has practically the same hemoglobin as an adult man or woman.
In women, the norm is lower than in men due to hormonal differences.

There is a special table, with the help of which everyone can find out the norm for a person in one or another period of his life, taking into account gender.

Why does hemoglobin fall?

Iron-containing protein deficiency affects people of various age categories - from an infant to an elderly person, but most often women ask why hemoglobin falls. And the point here is not that their content of this beam is normally less than that of representatives of the strong half of humanity. There are reasons, objective and subjective, for a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood of adult women, which are absent or practically absent in men.

Objective factors

These include factors related to feminine nature. natural causes among women:

menses;
pregnancy;
childbirth;
lactation;
climax.

Monthly cycles

With physiologically normal menstrual cycle blood loss is from 50 to 150 milliliters. This is already enough to reduce the concentration of red blood cells and iron-containing protein. Therefore, a blood test for ESR and hemoglobin at this time will be incorrect. Blood counts are restored three to four days after the end of the cycle. Normal blood loss during menstruation is not hazardous to health.

However, with menorrhagia or hypermenorrhea, bleeding can be prolonged and profuse, which can lead to the development of anemia (anemia).

Pregnancy

Why does hemoglobin in the blood of pregnant women fall? It decreases as the volume of blood in the body increases. The decrease in the amount of iron in the blood is due to the fact that it is required for the fetus, which continues to grow and develop. The greatest deficiency of iron-containing protein is observed in the last trimester (the third three-month time period).

Pregnancy is often accompanied by a lack of hemoglobin

childbirth

When to use C-section blood loss increases significantly (more than 0.5 liters). Therefore, during and after surgery, various methods support, including infusions of plasma, erythrocyte mass.

Lactation

Hemoglobin in a woman's body can decrease when she breastfeeds, since lactation is a complex physiological process that is provided by internal resources female body.

Climax

IN menopause serious hormonal changes female body. Most often, hemoglobin tends to rise, but sometimes its fall is also recorded.

Subjective factors

These include behavioral attitudes associated with the desire to look good, which is largely characteristic of women, and to a lesser extent - for men.

Diets

Modern media replicated the image of a professionally skinny fashion model as a standard female beauty. The desire to comply with it encourages many women, including those with normal weight and magnificent figures, to go on a diet. Sometimes this desire becomes pathological - anorexia develops.

Iron-deficiency anemia

A great variety of diets have been invented, but it is unlikely that among them there will be at least one that would fully meet the body's needs for vitamins and microelements. For example, iron is most found in meat products, and most diets are associated with eating food exclusively plant origin. The result is iron deficiency anemia.

In addition, any diet is stress, which also reduces the amount of hemoglobin.

However, sometimes diets are forced when people simply do not have enough money to buy food. Therefore, iron deficiency anemia is often found in socially disadvantaged families and developing countries.

A tan

The desire to acquire a beautiful chocolate-colored tan can certainly reduce the amount of iron-containing protein in the blood. Why does hemoglobin decrease when a person spends too much time in the sun? lovers nice tan don't know what it is defensive reaction our skin on ultraviolet radiation. Excessive mobilization of the body to counteract this radiation leads to undesirable processes, including the destruction of hemoglobin.

Conclusion: it is necessary to sunbathe within reasonable limits, especially for white-skinned and red-haired representatives of the fair half.

Diseases

Low hemoglobin in the blood, associated with certain diseases, occurs not only in women. All these pathologies can be divided into three groups.

Group 1.

It includes posthemorrhagic anemia which are caused by blood loss for one reason or another.

They lead to various kinds of injuries, accompanied by significant blood loss.
They happen during surgical operations due to postoperative bleeding.
Various pathologies can lower hemoglobin protein:

ulcers and erosion of the esophagus, stomach, intestines;
uterine fibroids;
expansion of the veins of the esophagus;
defeat digestive system helminths.

Blood loss also occurs in some diseases that lead to poor clotting (thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia).

Anemia

Group 2

It combines diseases associated with the destruction of red blood cells.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when the blood of the mother and fetus is incompatible. It can be provoked by incompatibility in terms of the Rh factor and blood type. With this pathology, the mother's antibodies attack and destroy the child's red blood cells, which carry alien antigens.
This group includes autoimmune hemolytic anemia, in which the formation of antibodies to the antigens of their own erythrocytes.
Erythrocytes are destroyed in infectious diseases of the liver (hepatitis), malaria and some other infections.
The death of red blood cells is observed with poisoning that causes heavy metals(lead, mercury).
The number of red blood cells can drop sharply with some medical procedures:

chemotherapy;
hemodialysis;
blood transfusion.

Group 3.

It consists of pathologies, mainly violating hematopoiesis.

One of the most common diseases of this nature is diabetes mellitus. It damages the kidneys, which causes kidney failure and reduces the production of the hormone erythropoietin, which affects the formation and maturation of red blood cells and is produced in this organ.
The same process takes place when kidney failure caused by other pathologies.
Hemoglobin will definitely fall in case of blood cancer (leukemia), in which there is an uncontrolled increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood.
Other types of oncology, for example, stomach cancer, can also reduce hemoglobin in the blood, since this disrupts the ability to absorb iron through the mucous membranes of organs.

In men with high hemoglobin a sharp drop in its serious reason to pass oncotests.

Hereditary hemolytic anemia is another reason for the small number or dysfunction of red blood cells.

What is the danger of falling hemoglobin

The level of iron-containing protein in the blood, if it is below normal, is bad because the cells of the body are not sufficiently supplied with oxygen. Hypoxia is primarily dangerous for brain cells.

During pregnancy, hypoxia can threaten the occurrence of fetal pathologies and even lead to miscarriages.
Children experiencing oxygen starvation develop worse physically and mentally.
In adults, pathologies of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems occur.
Old age suffers in its own way: common consequence- senile dementia.

Reduced hemoglobin - symptoms in women

Strictly speaking, the signs of low hemoglobin in the blood in children, men and women are the same. But women, unlike men, pay more attention to this or that symptom of health problems, besides, they suffer from anemia much more often.

One of them, fainting, has already been mentioned. You can add to them frequent dizziness that precede fainting.
When they want to say about a person that he is literally bursting with health, it is customary to use the phrase “blood with milk”. It implies pink color skin, which gives it hemoglobin. Pale skin and pale mucous membranes indicate its deficiency.
The third symptom is that nails become brittle and break, hair loss increases, the skin at the corners of the mouth cracks.
Shortness of breath speaks of oxygen starvation and rapid heartbeat With their help, the body tries to compensate for the insufficient supply of oxygen to cells.
Loss of strength, weakness (not temporarily, but permanently, which is called day after day) can also mean a lack of iron-containing protein in the body.
Unusual addictions can show its deficiency: an irresistible desire to eat a piece of chalk or sniff kerosene.

How to increase the score?

What to do if these signs are present? It is not recommended to independently increase hemoglobin in the blood, focusing solely on them. The reasons for the decrease in hemoglobin levels can be serious, up to oncology. You can’t do without visiting a doctor and donating blood for analysis (ESR, color indicator).

Meat is good!

The doctor will determine if additional research. In case of detection of primary pathologies leading to anemia, the course of treatment will be aimed at removing them and bringing hemoglobin back to normal.

The method of increasing it depends on how much this protein is below normal. With a slight deviation of hemoglobin, diet correction will help in the direction of increasing the consumption of meat and meat products, sea fish, some vegetables and fruits, and traditional medicine.

If the deviation is significant, iron-containing medications will be prescribed - you will have to drink pills or even inject injections for a certain period.

Maltofer

What drugs to increase hemoglobin are usually prescribed for women, men and children? These are Maltofer, Hemobin, Ferretab and others.

Hemoglobin is a complex protein that contains iron in all living things in the circulation. This is a compound that contains two components in its composition: protein and iron, which are found in the red blood cells of our blood. In this article, we will consider what gives the body low hemoglobin causes and consequences of low content.

Low hemoglobin is fully responsible for the state of our well-being. He plays very important role in the human body, this is the transfer of oxygen to all tissues of the human body and, if there is a shortage, it occurs. The norms of hemoglobin for women are from 115 g / l to 150 g / l, and for men from 130 g / l to 160 g / l, but all these indicators depend on the personality of the person.

In pregnant women, for example, hemoglobin is different from the norm. They have it from 110 g / l to 130 g / l, but in children from 95 g / l to 135 g / l.

Reasons for the fall and low hemoglobin can be:

Viral and bacterial infections. Here the body throws all its strength into fighting infections and hemoglobin begins to decline.
Oncology greatly affects the level of hemoglobin.
An autoimmune disease is a malfunction in the body's program. It is laid down at the genetic level, which affects both the decrease in iron and its excessive increase.
Blood loss: this is the cause caused by external factors such as donating blood, all kinds of injuries, internal bleeding.
Congenital anemia: This is a deficiency of iron in the blood laid down at the genetic level. With this type of hemoglobin, a person lives all his life. He can only make sure that he does not go down and take timely measures to increase it.
Disease of the stomach: gastritis, ulcer.

With a decrease in hemoglobin levels, iron deficiency anemia occurs, which is accompanied by such symptoms and consequences as:

Loss of taste and lack of appetite;
Dryness, hair loss and brittleness;
peeling of the skin;
Nails break;
Constant drowsiness and excessive fatigue;
Change in the white of the eyes and skin (usually pale color);
Cold hands and feet;
Failure of sexual functions;
Rapid work of the heart;
Failure of the immune system (a person begins to constantly get sick).

If you have a couple of these symptoms, it is recommended to donate blood and check your hemoglobin, most likely it will be low.

In this case, it is necessary to take measures to increase it.

How to increase hemoglobin in the blood at home quickly

Many people think that low hemoglobin can only be increased by eating special vitamins but, in fact, this is far from the case. You can achieve an increase in hemoglobin by eating certain foods that are rich in such a vitamin as iron.

They are the main source of hemoglobin that enters our blood with food. Also, a lack of hemoglobin in the blood can be associated with a lack of B vitamins. Fortunately, this is not fatal, because such vitamins can be consumed separately, in the form of tablets, after consulting with your doctor about this issue. Or normalize your diet in such a way that the necessary vitamins come with food.

Reduced hemoglobin can be detected during tests in connection with some chronic diseases. As a consequence, it is very often possible to notice a decrease in hemoglobin in pregnant women, but in this case, its loss should be immediately replenished.

What foods increase hemoglobin in the blood

The products, the composition of which differs in the presence of the necessary substances and hemoglobin, include:

beef liver(namely, beef, not chicken). It is also very beneficial for health and has a good effect on the formation of well-being. Together with this product, about 20 percent enters our body. daily dose gland.
Another product that will help you easily raise hemoglobin in the blood and eliminate the consequences is buckwheat . Cereals are useful in general, but precisely buckwheat has essential vitamins and trace elements that are responsible for normal hemoglobin in blood.
And don't forget about fruits. Ideal for increasing hemoglobin levels pomegranate. The only condition is that it must be fresh.
Basically our hemoglobin rises by eating meat. But the meat should be minimally exposed heat treatment so that it retains the necessary vitamins to the maximum.

To find out your hemoglobin, you need to contact one of the specialists - immunologist, endocrinologist, therapist, surgeon, gastroenterologist - who appoints proper treatment. As a rule, these are preparations containing iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid, hematogen.

Red caviar, buckwheat, pomegranate in any form, apples, raisins, Walnut, beets, dried apricots, dark chocolate, honey, carrot juice, red meat, fish. These foods can negate the effects of low hemoglobin.

And how do you fight low hemoglobin, what causes and consequences have you observed? Leave feedback and share your opinion on the forum.

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"Pierre and Constantine", which has long been torn
make a message to medical theme, spoke
looking around warily:
- Now all the power is in hemoglobin. Having said this, "Pierre and Constantine" fell silent.
The townspeople also fell silent, each thinking in his own way about the mysterious forces of hemoglobin.
I. Ilf, E. Petrov. "The twelve Chairs".

It is known that on information sites, the subject matter reflects demand. And there really is a demand for the topic in the title. But this demand speaks of a complete break in communication between the patient and the doctor. He sees the result of the analysis and rather runs to the computer to “google”.

And there he stumbles upon a whole sea of reasons, because low level hemoglobin is not a syndrome so that you can discuss three or four diseases, and not even a symptom so that you can talk about a dozen diseases. It's just a clinic laboratory sign, part of the routine . And first of all, you need to puzzle the attending physician if he himself does not tell you anything.

It is impossible to evaluate low hemoglobin, the causes and consequences of this phenomenon, without seeing the patient, and without knowing other results related to this fact.

For example, to low hemoglobin can lead to malaria, pregnancy, iron deficiency and gastrectomy, chronic blood loss and folic acid deficiency, and much more. But I must say - we will consider low hemoglobin as one of the manifestations of an anemic syndrome, and we will talk about low hemoglobin as a symptom of anemia - as it happens in life.

Low hemoglobin - what is it?

It is known that hemoglobin is a complex of globin protein with heme, which contains iron. The function of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen from the lungs for cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide to the lungs for its "change" to oxygen. Hemoglobin is a respiratory pigment whose color is due to iron.

- this is a condition in which in whole blood in adults aged 18-45 years, the hemoglobin content is not more than:

117 g/l, or 11.7 g/dl in women;
131 g/l, or 13.1 g/dl in men.

Of course, much depends on the height, weight of a person, living conditions and nutrition. So, in high altitude conditions, the level of hemoglobin will be higher due to the low partial pressure of oxygen and its “difficult” extraction from the air.

Therefore, there is a simpler and more approximate definition of the hemoglobin level “as a first approximation”: men 130-172, and women 120-160 g / l.

For reference: usually, when hemoglobin is less than 90 g / l, a certificate of incapacity for work is indicated, regardless of the clinical picture and symptoms.

Causes of a decrease in hemoglobin levels

However, the determination of hemoglobin alone is a screening study, which in itself is of little significance. To assess the indicators of red blood, in addition to the level of hemoglobin, it is desirable to measure:

hematocrit, or ratio shaped elements to the whole volume of blood;
the number of red blood cells in the blood volume;
average erythrocyte volume;
the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte and its average concentration.

Only after that it is possible to draw at least some conclusions, even if not seeing the patient yet.

Why does low hemoglobin occur? The reason for this is most often various types of anemia (anemia), or anemic syndrome. However, in addition to low hemoglobin, in an adult and a child, the hematocrit value and the amount of red blood cells per unit of a given blood volume must also be taken into account.

It is useless to give here a classification of anemia. In modern hematology, there are at least a dozen of them. Instead, it is most relevant to list the most common anemias with which patients appear at the doctor's office. general practice, ranked in descending order of their frequency:

. Most frequent view low hemoglobin, in which iron either enters the body in insufficient quantities, or is poorly absorbed by the body;
Hemoglobin may decrease with various chronic diseases, for example, in rheumatic or septic diseases, in oncological diseases. Sometimes it is caused by radiation therapy, or tumor chemotherapy, due to negative impact on red bone marrow;
Severe liver damage (cirrhosis, fatty degeneration, viral parenteral hepatitis B, C, D, alcohol defeat liver);
Kidney diseases that occur with the development of chronic renal failure: a decrease in glomerular filtration is accompanied by damage to the juxtaglomerular apparatus that produces erythropoietin, which is necessary to regulate the level of erythrocyte production;
Red diseases bone marrow proceeding as cytopenia, myelodysplasia or pancytopenia, for example, while taking cytostatics;
Acute leukemia, terminal phase chronic leukemia or multiple myeloma;
Sometimes the cause of anemia is a pernicious process, or a lack of vitamin B 12. The reason for this is a chronic atrophic gastritis, resection or removal of the stomach, or simply a lack of protein from food in order to synthesize a sufficient amount of globin from it;
Sometimes, but relatively rarely, the cause of low hemoglobin is folic acid deficiency. Most often, the reason for this is the long-term and uncontrolled use of drugs that have an "antifolate" effect. This is methotrexate (for example, with), barbiturates, some drugs for the treatment.

Finally, more rare causes for a decrease in hemoglobin are autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hereditary pathological changes erythrocytes (spherocytosis, sickle cell), or cold sickness.

Some may be surprised that anemia due to blood loss is not on the list, but usually it is “managed” fairly quickly, since the elimination of blood loss, or its cause, automatically eliminates the anemia itself.

Low hemoglobin in a child can develop for exactly the same reasons as listed above: everything that is said for adults is also suitable for children. But there are some features that may appear in the baby of the first year of life. Yes, there may be the following reasons low hemoglobin in infants:

It's just that the iron stores given to him by his mother during fetal life have come to an end. This usually happens within 6 months;
Late and ineffective complementary foods;
Malaya physical activity child, rare walks;
Improper nutrition of the mother during lactation.

In any case, this is not a reason for panic, but a reason to see a pediatrician and a pediatric hematologist if anemia is not corrected in a timely manner with proper nutrition.

Low hemoglobin in women and pregnant women, features

Symptoms of low hemoglobin in women (photo)

The criterion for the presence of anemia in pregnant women is considered to be a hemoglobin level below 110 g / l, starting from the 20th week of pregnancy.

This may be due to the development of previous toxicosis, or, for example, multiple pregnancy. Sometimes low hemoglobin occurs as a result of the rapid onset of new pregnancy if the woman did not have time to restore her body.

In general, low hemoglobin in women is quite dangerous state. Many girls who experience heavy and painful periods tend to underestimate this condition. They believe that "up to the level of 100 g / l" you can not worry. This is a fundamental misconception.

Naturally, anemia does not develop immediately, and the compensatory possibilities of a young organism are very high. There are young women "without blood" in the face, who work with hemoglobin numbers of 80, and even 70 (!) g / l.

Naturally, in this case, the body works at the limit of its compensatory capabilities, under conditions of severe, chronic oxygen starvation. There can be no talk of any pregnancy and childbearing with such hemoglobin numbers, if only because the ovarian-menstrual function is either extinct or very weak.

Any form of anemia in women of both childbearing and menopausal age should be checked by a gynecologist for underlying pathology and uterine bleeding. Without this, it is not even worth taking treatment.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin, manifestations

Is it possible to "by eye" determine that the hemoglobin content is below normal. Yes, you can, starting at a certain stage. The most common symptoms are:

Paleness of the skin, including pale palms and pale, white nail beds;
Pale mucous membranes, such as conjunctiva and oral mucosa;
Headaches, flickering of "flies" and brilliant "stars" are disturbing, especially when physical activity;
Feeling dizzy, there is noise, ringing or stuffiness in the ears;
Fainting appears, drowsiness rolls during the day, and insomnia at night;
The speed and "tenacity" of attention decreases, thinking becomes difficult;
If hemoglobin is below normal, then weakness, weakness and loss of working capacity occur.

One of characteristic symptoms anemia is frequent dryness in the mouth and the need to drink water with food that was previously completely swallowed.

With various types of anemia, tissue trophism suffers. Tissues that regenerate quickly suffer the most. It concerns the epithelium ( skin, GIT) and its derivatives. Patients experience:

Dry, flabby skin;
Dull and brittle, falling hair, brittle nails
With deep-seated anemia, there is aphthous stomatitis. Cheilitis (inflammation of the lips) joins, and glossitis ( inflammatory process in language);
A symptom of low hemoglobin in women is first dysmenorrhea (scanty, irregular periods), and then amenorrhea, that is, their cessation;

Patients suffer from respiratory and the cardiovascular system working with increased load due to lack of hemoglobin. Palpitations or tachycardia develop, there is a decrease in tolerance to minor physical exertion, shortness of breath, swelling, pain in calf muscles. In old age, there are signs of angina pectoris, due to oxygen starvation of the myocardium.

It is impossible to name specific figures, “before” which everything is fine, and “after” which everything is bad, difficult, but in general, complaints appear at a hemoglobin level of 105-110 g / l, and visible signs start at 100 g/l.

Treatment and consequences of low hemoglobin in the blood

The consequences of a low hemoglobin level (or hypohemoglobinemia) can be easily visualized by the severity of the anemia. So, there are 4 degrees of it:

Mild: 120 g/l for women, and 130 g/l for men - 100 g/l;
Moderate anemia: 99-80 g/l;
Severe anemia: 79-65 g / l. Here gender differences are no longer important. The main thing is to survive;
When the hemoglobin level is below 65 g/l, there is a threat to life. Acute cardiovascular and respiratory failure develops, and a person dies, for example, with symptoms of multiple organ failure against the background of pulmonary edema ().

When talking about “treating” low hemoglobin, everyone makes one important mistake. "Treat" a patient who has developed anemia, a symptom of which was a low level of hemoglobin. And the most common mistake is a detailed report on which iron preparations are prescribed for low hemoglobin, for example, in adults.

But as it was seen from the causes of low hemoglobin, only a small part of them is associated with iron deficiency. Moreover, sometimes with its normal concentration in the blood, it is pointless to give iron preparations, since there is enough of it in the blood plasma, but it cannot be absorbed.

In addition, even if there are indications for the appointment of iron preparations, sometimes they simply do not work due to, for example, an atrophic form of gastritis or with heavy uterine bleeding.

Treatment of any anemia should begin with the establishment of accurate diagnosis. In a huge proportion of cases, the condition improves with the treatment of the underlying disease, for example, glomerulonephritis, or chronic alcoholic hepatitis. It goes without saying that at the same time being treated "with your own hands", eating handfuls of iron preparations, is simply criminal, since delaying death is similar.

We will not bring detailed diagram differentiated treatment various kinds anemia. Let's write better where to start while you are waiting for a hematologist's consultation:

Start with nutrition. The source of iron is red meat, and fruits contribute to the presence of vitamin "C" good assimilation iron in the body. Liver, eggs, butter and legumes will also be useful;
It is necessary to use greens and fish, cereals;
You should reduce the amount of tea you drink, as well as the consumption of brown rice (they reduce the absorption of iron);
Suitable for enhancing iron absorption succinic acid, "ascorbic acid", fructose, and calcium salts weaken it;
You need to give vitamins and mineral complexes without resorting to the help of iron preparations, until a doctor's appointment.

In conclusion, it should be said that even professional treatment anemia, rise in hemoglobin numbers to normal level takes an average of 2 to 6 months, with the exception of special severe cases. Therefore, the pledge successful treatment will be correctly passed tests, expanded if necessary (for example, FGS), consultation of a therapist, hematologist and identification of chronic diseases.