The practical value of plants in human life. The role of medicinal plants. The importance of plant resources in medicine. Medicinal plants, their importance in human life
Meeting Nutrient Needs
There is an expression: every medicine should be food for the body, and every food should be a medicine. Metabolism and energy may be disrupted due to a lack of certain substances in the diet that the human body itself is not able to synthesize and receives them from food. Many of these substances belong to the class of vitamins. The treatment consists of compensating for the lack of vitamin with plants that contain many essential substances. Sometimes it is quite sufficient to introduce into the human diet not the vitamin itself, but its predecessor, for example, instead of provitamin A - beta carotene. Normalization of the chemical composition of food concerns not only vitamins, but also some other compounds, the so-called essential amino acids, vegetable fats, etc. When they are lacking in the diet, the body consumes more other foods until it reaches the required level of intake of the deficient substance. As a result of this overeating, obesity occurs, because excess substances are stored in reserve, and this is one of the reasons for the now quite common disease - obesity.
To treat deficiency diseases, it is necessary to introduce plants or other foods that contain the deficient substance into the diet.
Inhibition of pathogenic microflora
Inhibition of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa, which cause inflammation and disruption of individual systems and organs, and general disease of the body. This is achieved with the help of substances that have an antibiotic effect against pathogens and at the same time are harmless or cause minimal harm to the human body. At the same time, they distinguish the bacteriostatic (phytoncidal) effect of substances (when the growth of bacteria stops, but they are alive and when conditions change, they begin to grow again), bactericidal, that is, destructive, and sometimes stimulating effects. Pathogenic organisms are very diverse, and there is no one-size-fits-all herbal antibiotic, which is why a wide range of plants are used. What is harmful to one microorganism may be a breeding ground for another. Strong phytoncides in garlic, onions, horseradish, and many spicy plants, the consumption of which regulates the number and composition of intestinal microflora. Essential oils (lavender, mint, thyme) are harmful to microbes that are in the air and enter the lungs, settling on the skin and mucous membranes.
Mobilization of the human body's defenses
Our body has powerful immune systems against many diseases, perhaps even against all, but these systems are not always properly mobilized to combat the dangerous factor. The healing power of some plants is due precisely to the fact that they mobilize the natural protective forces of the human body. For example, influenza viruses are actually nucleic acid molecules that are very resistant to chemical influences, sometimes with a small protein shell. They are very difficult to influence, and therefore there are almost no direct antiviral drugs. But there are substances that awaken the antiviral mechanism in human cells.
Anti-allergenic effect
The entry of an infection into the human body, that is, first of all, a foreign protein, causes a violent defensive reaction: an increase in temperature, inflammation, the formation of histamine, which causes partial poisoning. All this is called an allergy, and it manifests itself in literally every disease. But often an allergic reaction is caused by completely non-pathogenic factors - flour, pollen, wool and some compounds of protein and non-protein origin. To overcome an allergy, it is necessary to remove the factor that caused it from the body and extinguish the pathogenic phenomena. Some plants and their mixtures exhibit anti-allergenic effects.
Strengthening secretory functions
This is achieved by diaphoretics, diuretics, choleretics, diaphoretics and those that cause sneezing, relieve coughing and sputum discharge, enemas and other means. Thanks to this, toxins and waste products that can be toxic are removed from the body, as well as those toxic substances that cause infection. One of the basic principles of yoga - the traditional Indian method of maintaining health - is to quick disposal from waste. Any stagnation or accumulation of metabolic end products inhibit metabolism, and this is very undesirable and leads to disease.
Increased blood flow to individual organs
Due to increased blood flow to the organs, their metabolism changes and their recovery occurs. This is achieved with mustard plasters, compresses, rubbing, and internally, for example, by stimulating cardiac activity and digestion. When it comes to the entire body, it is necessary to increase its vital activity, so-called adaptogens are used (ginseng, Eleutherococcus), which fully stimulate the body’s activity and increase its ability to withstand stress, fatigue, etc.
Stop bleeding
Stopping bleeding, especially of internal organs, by increasing blood clotting (prothrombin activity), the formation of clots that close the damaged vessel. This is how tanning substances act, as well as those that constrict blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the damaged area.
Increased cell division
This is necessary for the healing of wounds, ulcers, restoration of mucous membranes and other membranes. This is how some vitamins act, especially those present in sea buckthorn oil or imitated substances - mumiyo. But, if cancer is suspected, using mumiyo as a stimulator of cell division is unacceptable, because it can accelerate the growth of the tumor and make it impossible to save the patient using existing medical methods.
Strengthening the enzymatic apparatus of the human body
Most metabolic reactions occur with the participation of biological catalysts - enzymes, which accelerate chemical processes thousands of times and ensure the rapid processing of large masses of organic substances into products necessary for life. Some reactions cannot occur at all at the temperatures that exist in living cells, and only enzymes make this possible. More than 1000 enzymes are now known, and in addition there are many so-called isoenzymes - compounds that differ in molecular structure from the first discovered enzyme, but perform the same action. Each cell in our body has a full set of enzymes that it needs. The effect of some herbal medicines is precisely due to the fact that they either contain an enzyme that is added to our enzyme apparatus and strengthens it (for example, papainase from the fruits of the melon tree is an analogue of chemotrypsin in human gastric juice), or they stimulate the appearance of their own enzymes, which normalize health status.
Effect on the nervous system
Some plant substances have a very strong effect on the central and autonomic nervous system and are used for treatment. This effect can be stimulating, tonic, or calming, relaxing, or hypnotic. With the help of substances of this type, it is possible to achieve the effect of anesthesia, which is used during surgical operations and in some treatment methods, when a very strong reaction of the nerves interferes with the normalization of processes. Neurotropic substances that belong to this class can generally only be consumed under strict medical supervision. They can cause poisoning or drug addiction.
Science knows many other mechanisms of influence medicinal plants. A particularly important influence on the central and peripheral nervous system, since a person is a highly organized being, and depending on his condition nervous system and mental activity depends on the functioning, and, therefore, the health of all its other systems. There are methods of purely mechanical influence, for example, those that have a softening, enveloping effect, and they are used when it is necessary to ease coughing or normalize digestion.
What is treatment? This is the return of the human body to a normal state, which is considered healthy, and any disturbances in the normal functioning of the body to a certain level are considered fatigue (when the norm returns after rest) or a disease. Significant factors play a role in such a return to a healthy state, and not the least of them is nutrition, in which a significant role belongs to products of plant origin, as well as being in the fresh air, among plants, and, finally, special methods of treatment, including medicinal herbs. The medicinal properties of plants depend on the presence in them of substances of various chemical structures and therapeutic effects. The most important of them are proteins and amino acids, nucleic acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, starch, fiber, fats and fatty acid, essential oils, tannins, vitamins, etc.
Since ancient times, to treat ailments, people often turned to green parts of plants, wild fruits, rhizomes and roots, which in fact were the first medicines.
But over time and due to the advent of pills, much of the knowledge that was passed on from person to person and from generation to generation began to be gradually lost. Medicinal plants began to fade into the background in human life, and a situation arose when, walking from home to work and back, we, without knowing it, began to walk and trample on the ground those medicines that we exactly need. There he is, a weed on the road, and here I am!
However, despite the merits of the pharmaceutical industry, many people still really appreciate the power of life that plants contain. That is why so many people want to use it, despite the fact that they do not know how to do it and have no idea what this or that medicinal plant looks like.
I think that the popularity of plants will continue to remain high in the future, if only because of the low cost of medicinal raw materials, the cost of which consists only of collection, drying and packaging.
In addition, over many centuries of use by different peoples, by trial and error, for each plant its unique properties were found medicinal properties. So many are reassured by the thought that the use of plant preparations in the treatment of a particular disease is completely harmless. Although it is not in vain, almost every article on the site provides information about in what situations the use of the plant is undesirable.
And what can we say about the use of mixtures from several plants, when using which you should remember that sometimes no one knows exactly how your body will react to them... Therefore, be sure to follow the given ratios of components and dosages. And it’s always a good idea to get qualified advice from your doctor.
Continuing the topic of the pros and cons of medicinal plants in human life, it should be said that modern artificially created drugs are becoming more and more effective every year, and they act very quickly, which is important. But with all this, they often have a lot of negative side effects, which is why it is sometimes risky to use them. Whether it’s the matter of centuries-old actions folk remedies, which, as a rule, does not have such negative consequences.
But the effect of herbal preparations on the body is much slower and weaker, which is why treatment with them lasts longer and requires faith in yourself. But this is rather not a minus, but a plus of plants. For this and other reasons listed above, medicinal plants will not stop playing important role In human life!
The number of medicinal plants is very large, it numbers in the thousands, which means collecting on the site as many of their descriptions and proven recipes for drugs for treatment as possible is an urgent task in the near future for the portal administration, which encourages them to continue working. And so that visitors do not get confused, in addition to descriptions, each publication on the site is accompanied by drawings, photographs, information about places of growth, methods of preparing and manufacturing preparations, about their chemical composition, nutritional, healing and some other properties of plants.
So, if visitors to the site, using its materials, are able to find, stock up and prepare medications on their own, this will not surprise us and we will be pleased to realize the benefits of our work.
Municipal educational autonomous institution
Secondary school with. Novosergeevka
branch Secondary school
With. Wide Log
Assessing the feasibility of collecting medicinal plants
Work completed by: 6th grade student
Kozlov Danil
Head: geography teacher
Korotkova Galina Olegovna
With. Wide Log
Introduction
1 Theoretical part
1.1.Historical information about medicinal plants
1.2 The role of medicinal plants in human life
1.3 Medicinal plants of the Amur region
2. Practical part
2.1 Characteristics of the study area
2.2. Research methodology
3. Conclusion
Bibliography
Application
Introduction
I live in rural areas. Around our village there is a lot Beautiful places. Pine forest, birch groves, meadows. Our village stands on the banks of the Tom River, there are many lakes and swamps around. And how many around us, different plants! Many of them are very useful. They are called medicinal. My mother knows many plants that are medicinal. Our family drinks various herbal infusions when they suffer from colds.
Medicinal plants have always been a source of life, food and health. The forest was the first pharmacy where our ancient ancestors turned for medicine. Perhaps the first people were guided in their choice of medicines by instinct, as sick animals do now, but most often they followed the path of risk and mistakes. For millions of years, humanity has accumulated and passed on this knowledge from generation to generation. Today, medicinal plants are widely used for various human diseases, both in scientific and traditional medicine. Currently, a large number of medicinal plants are sold in pharmacies. We decided to find out whether the residents of our village collect medicinal plants, where they collect them, how they use them, and give an economic assessment of the feasibility of collection.
32 respondents aged from 29 to 75 took part in the sociological survey. The survey results showed that medicinal plants are collected by 84% of respondents. The majority collect plants in the forest, near the lake (leaves and berries of strawberries, lingonberries, plantain, nettles, etc.), some respondents grow medicinal plants in their garden plots (chamomile, calendula, raspberries, currants, bird cherry). All survey participants answered that they collect medicinal plants for their own use to treat many diseases, and also noted that medicinal herbs more profitable to use than medicines (Appendix 1, table 1).
Target: Assess the feasibility of collecting medicinal herbs.
Tasks:
Study literature on the history of the use of medicinal plants.
Find out the beneficial properties of medicinal plants.
Object of study- medicinal herbs
Subject of study– feasibility of collecting medicinal herbs
Hypothesis– if we explore the feasibility of using medicinal herbs, this will allow us to use them more effectively.
Relevance this study - Medicinal plants have wide application and can successfully replace some synthetic drugs. About 750 plants are described and used in folk medicine, but only about 90 herbal medicines are produced in traditional medicine in the form of tinctures, oils, syrups, extracts, injections, solid and soft dosage forms. Sales volume per pharmaceutical market herbal remedies foreign production 2-3 times higher than domestic ones. Therefore, the development of this direction by introducing medicinal plants into medical practice and expanding the range of herbal medicines not only pharmaceutical, but also homemade, quite promising.
Practical significance : the main provisions of our work can be used in practice when choosing a treatment.
Research methods:
When conducting this study, the following methods were used: statistical, analytical, modeling, mathematical analysis, questioning. Statistical research is based on the regional law “On the procedure for harvesting food forest resources”, “On the collection of medicinal plants”, “Procurement and collection of non-timber forest resources by citizens for their own needs”.
The work was carried out between April 2016 and April 2017 together with members of the school forestry department.
1 Theoretical part
1.1.Historical information about medicinal plants
Information about the use by humans of the healing properties of plants was discovered in the most ancient written monuments of human culture, which belonged to the state of Sumer, which existed on the territory of modern Iraq 3 thousand years BC. Greek literature gives us a lot of information about medicinal plants: the Greeks developed an original medicine, and in addition, they used some medicines borrowed from other peoples. It is noteworthy that the Greeks associated their acquaintance with medicinal plants with the Caucasus - with the legendary Colchis, where, supposedly, under the patronage of the goddess Artemis there was a magical garden of poisonous and medicinal plants, and from there they were taken to Greece. The religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks featured many gods. Among them was also the god in charge of medicinal herbs - Asclepius, whose Latinized name is Aesculapius. According to legend, Aesculapius had a daughter named Panacea. The common noun “aesculapius” is still in common use, which is sometimes used to call doctors, and the word “panacea” is more familiar to us as a symbol of a remedy for any disease 1 .
The greatest thinker of his time, the doctor of Ancient Greece Hippocrates (469-377 BC), gave a scientific basis for the use of medicinal plants, mentioning in his work 236 species that were then used in medicine. Hippocrates believed that medicinal substances in raw form or in the form of juices are most effective. This belief of his, having become the property of other nations, was preserved in Europe for over 1500 years, and still exists in Arab-Iranian medicine.
Among the Slavic peoples, herbal treatment has been known for a long time. In Rus', this was done by sorcerers, wise men and healers. The use of medicinal herbs in Russia became particularly widespread when Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich created a special “Pharmaceutical Order”, which was in charge of supplying medicinal herbs not only to the royal court, but also to the army. “Apothecary gardens” were created - gardens where medicinal plants were grown. With the deepening of medical knowledge, ideas about domestic medicinal plants, their collection, cultivation and practical application.
1.2 The role of medicinal plants in human life.
In the minds of many of our contemporaries, medicinal plants are something extremely outdated, a relic of ancient times. Our age of electronics and automation, semiconductors and polymers seems very poorly compatible with bunches of dried herbs, from which humanity in the past waited with blind faith for miraculous healings.
The successes of synthetic chemistry, the ability to create tens and hundreds of thousands of new, never before existing in nature, organic compounds instilled faith in the omnipotence of chemical synthesis. There was confidence in the speedy receipt of new drugs that would cure all kinds of diseases. This point of view still exists today, but it was especially widespread 3-4 decades ago. In a somewhat unexpected way, this belief in the omnipotence of chemistry was shaken by the discovery in the 40s of a whole new class medicinal substances, extracted from the same old friends of man - plants. It's about about so-called antibiotics - drugs obtained from fungi and some related organisms. Antibiotics have played such a large role in the treatment of certain infectious diseases that we can talk about the era of antibiotics in medicine. Penicillin was a particularly wild success.
These advances in the field herbal preparations once again forced many to turn with hope to the ancient, but still far from exhausted arsenal of medicines - to the world of plants. Achievements in medicinal photochemistry do not deny the enormous potential of synthetic chemistry. But it is equally wrong to think that the plant world has already exhausted itself.
The most important drugs used medical workers any country and sold in pharmacies, are listed and described in detail in special reference books - pharmacopoeias. Every few years these pharmacopoeias are revised and reissued. The same “State Pharmacopoeia” exists in Russia.
However, not all medicinal plants that are in packaged bags or in the form different drugs sold in pharmacies, described in the State Pharmacopoeia. The pharmacopoeia includes the most important, frequently used plants that are part of medicines. But many other plants approved for use by the Ministry of Health are collected.
Medicinal plants do not always serve as sources of secondary drugs such as raspberry tea or cranberry extract. As is known, of all human diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system cause the greatest mortality. And these most serious diseases are treated mainly with plants: more than 80% of all medicines for heart disease are preparations from plants.
The total mass of medicinal plants harvested annually is very impressive and amounts to about 70-80 thousand tons. Some medicinal plants are obtained from the fields of special state farms, where they are cultivated and collected using mechanized methods. But until now, about 70% of the total mass of harvested raw materials is obtained from collecting wild plants in nature, although the most energetic measures are being taken to expand the area and increase the yield of cultivated medicinal plants. There are special rules for collecting medicinal plants; These rules are quite precise and require strict adherence, since violation of them can lead to damage to a significant amount of valuable raw materials 2 .
The science of medicinal plants is called pharmacognosy.
So, medicinal plants play a significant role in healthcare today; their share in the arsenal of medicines is very large. A whole army of people, numerous state and cooperative organizations are engaged in their collection, cultivation and processing. At the same time, ongoing Scientific research in the field of studying old and discovering new medicinal plants; These studies led to a number of very important discoveries for humanity. There is every reason to think that in the future, at least in the near future, the role of medicinal plants will not decrease, but, on the contrary, increase. And no matter how bright the prospects of chemistry are, no matter what miracles we expect from our laboratories and factories, the modest flowers of our forests and fields will serve humanity for a long time.
Medicinal plants of the Amur region
We decided to find out what medicinal plants are in the Amur region, why they are useful and common recipes for their use.
On the territory of the Amur Region there are 39 natural plant species that are officially included in various editions of the Pharmacopoeia. Of these, five species of trees, ten species of shrubs, one liana, and the remaining 23 species are perennial herbs.
From different sources a table was compiled of the most popular types of medicinal plants used by residents of our region (Appendix 2, table 2).
2. Practical part
2.1 Characteristics of the study area
The terrain of the territory is flat with wide swampy river valleys and flat watersheds.
Climatic conditions are generally favorable for the growth of woody vegetation, but sharp deviations of weather conditions in some years from the average (dry periods, late spring frosts, prolonged summer rains) sometimes negatively affect the growth and development of plantings. The average temperature of the coldest month - January -26.3 degrees; the average temperature of the warmest month – July is +20.6 degrees.
The predominant soil-forming rocks here are podzolic brown forest and swamp rocks.
The territory of our village is part of the drainage area of the Tom River - the left tributary of the Zeya. Features of the relief and the nature of the soil determine the distribution of swamps - 74 hectares (35%).
Most of the territory is covered with forest natural origin. The predominant species: pine, fir, larch, ash, black birch, linden, aspen, poplar.
2.2. Research methodology
To obtain the results, we used the following methods:
We used an experimental plot of birch grove and pine forest as a test site. 18 species of medicinal plants were discovered at the experimental site (Appendix 3, Table 3).
To conduct the study, we took 3 types of medicinal plants widely used in folk medicine: lingonberry, wild strawberry for making herbal tea and 2 types of medicinal plants used for the treatment and prevention of colds: St. John's wort and yarrow.
research stage – determination of biomass.
To determine the biomass, we weighed them in fresh. Since the mass of water in a fresh plant is 80%, we calculate the dry biomass using the following formula: z = y - x, where z is the dry mass, y is the mass of the fresh plant (100%), x is the mass of water (80%).
The plants were then dried. The plant biomass was determined by weighing (Appendix 4, Table 4).
Based on the data obtained, the time and labor required to collect medicinal plants were calculated using basic mathematical calculations. The calculation was made according to the formula:
X = travel + travel time + collection time + preparation time. Average wage in our village - 6000 rubles, working days in a month - 20, therefore for 1 hour per month it turns out - 42 rubles. All calculations were entered into a table on which all costs for certain actions are clearly visible (Appendix 5, table 5).
These results were then compared with the average price medicines at the pharmacy. The average difference ranges from 732 rubles (nettle leaf) to 1844 rubles (coltsfoot leaf) (Appendix 6).
Stage 2 of work - determining the content of vitamin “C” in herbal tea, prepared from the herb St. John's wort and common yarrow. To do this, we used the iodine titration method.
Pour 2 ml of herbal tea into a test tube and add 8 ml of water. Add 4 drops of paste to the resulting solution, then add a 3% iodine solution drop by drop from a pipette. Determine the mass fraction of the substance using the formula: X = (0.0088∙V(iodine)∙100%)/V(solution) x - fraction of the substance in the solution 0.0088 – titer ascorbic acid according to iodine. V (iodine) – Iodine used for titration As a result of the experiment, data on the content of vitamin C in the studied plants was obtained:
St. John's wort - 440 mg, common yarrow - 176 mg (Appendix 7, table 6).
We compared the experimental data with the content of vitamin C: in 100 g of black currant – 200 mg; 100 grams of lemon - 40 mg, 100 g of oranges - 60 mg, kiwi - 75 mg, 100 grams of white cabbage contains 50 mg.
Therefore, herbal tea contains large quantity vitamins than in black currants, lemon or oranges.
Based on these data, we compared the cost of treatment and prevention of colds with medications that contain a large dose of vitamin C and medicinal herbs. IN Herb tea added paracetamol tablets to prepare a quality drink for the treatment of colds. A pack of paracetamol costs 5 rubles 60 kopecks in a package of 10 tablets, therefore, the cost of 1 tablet is 56 kopecks. (Appendix 8).
Stage 3 – Evaluation of the taste of herbal tea.
Herbal tea from medicinal plants was prepared according to a traditional recipe known to many residents of our village (Appendix 9).
Students at our school were asked to rate the taste of each type of tea on a five-point scale. In total, three types of tea were prepared from three-fruited aperture, lingonberry, and wild strawberry. Students from grades 3 to 9 took part in the tasting. Total – 17 people.
The best taste qualities were found in wild strawberry tea. In second place in terms of taste is tea made from the leaves of the three-ribs. The most “tasteless” tea is made from lingonberry leaves (Appendix 9, table 8).
Based on the results of the study, we can conclude: decoctions and teas from medicinal plants are quite simple to prepare, do not require a large number of ingredients and contain more vitamins. Based on the data obtained, using mathematical calculations, calculating the time and labor required to collect medicinal plants and comparing them with the average price of drugs in a pharmacy, we found that the cost of treatment using medicinal herbs is more profitable than treatment with expensive synthetic drugs.
Conclusion
Due to the changed economic situation in recent years, it has become expensive to buy medicinal herbs in pharmacies and from private individuals, and in the Amur region there grows a large number of medicinal plants that have been known since ancient times. The vitamin C content in herbal teas is quite high compared to other vitamin C-rich fruits and berries. To prevent colds, it is enough to drink herbal teas daily to provide the body with vitamins.
From an economic point of view, the cost of treatment using medicinal herbs is more profitable than treatment with expensive synthetic drugs. The advantage of medicinal plants is that decoctions and tinctures made from them have almost no side effects. In addition, there are time-tested recipes that are quite easy to prepare at home. Synthetic drugs have many side effects. Many synthetic drugs tastes unpleasant. In addition, recently a lot of counterfeits have appeared on the drug market. IN best case scenario they simply do not have the expected effect, and at worst, harm our health.
Medicinal herbs can be used as infusions that replace medicinal shampoos, the cost of which ranges from 200 to 300 rubles. These decoctions give no less effect, and sometimes more, than medicinal shampoos. People who washed their hair with nettle decoction noted that their hair became shiny and less dirty.
But when collecting medicinal plants, it is necessary to take care of their protection. When going for plants, cut only the part that is rich healing substances. Alternate the areas where raw materials are harvested, leaving some of the plants untouched to restore the thickets.
To familiarize school students with medicinal plants, a medicinal plants department has been organized at the school site (Appendix 11).
Bibliography
Alekseev G.A., Yakimova Z.I. Fruit and berry plants are healers of the sick. Cheboksary, 1991 80s.
Artamonov V.I. Green oracles. Moscow. "Thought" 1989 189p.
Gulenkova M.A., Krasnikova A.A. Summer field practice in botany. M. "Enlightenment" 1986 175s.
Makhlayuk V.P. Medicinal plants in folk medicine. Moscow, Niva Rossii. 1992 234s.
Medicinal plants, use in folk medicine and everyday life. "Human". 1990. 165 p.
Kolchanov A.F. Methods for studying medicinal plants. Belgorod, 2002.253p.
Application
Annex 1
Appendix 2
Table 2 Medicinal plants of the Amur region
| Name | Where does it grow | Why it's useful | ||
| Trefoil watch (water trefoil, typhoid) | It is found in heavily watered swamps, lake shores, rafting grounds, and forms extensive thickets in places of running water. | Leaves without petioles are a valuable raw material for folk and official medicine in many countries of the world. Water and alcohol tinctures leaves increase the secretion of the stomach and gastric glands, improve intestinal motility. Used for gastritis with low acidity, constipation, as choleretic agent for chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis. | 1 tablespoon of finely ground leaves per 200 ml of hot water, leave for 15-20 minutes, strain, take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals. Course 20 - 25 days. Leaves without petioles are harvested in June-July and dried in the shade. Shelf life - 2 years. |
|
| Sweet sweet clover | Sweet clover lives along river banks, in meadows, wastelands, along the edges of roads, fields, and sometimes in crops. | The flowering herb or leaves are used as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, lactogenic, analgesic, irritant, distractive, laxative, expectorant for various infectious diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system (angina pectoris, coronary thrombosis), lungs, stomach, insomnia, in menopause, inflammation of the ovaries, rheumatism. | The herbal infusion is used ½ cup 3 times a day as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent. Incorrect dosage causes vomiting and headache. Cannot be used in combination with drugs that reduce blood clotting. |
|
| Chickweed, chickweed | A widely known weed that takes over the beds when the soil is waterlogged. | In folk medicine, leaves or herbs are used as an analgesic, expectorant, hemostatic, refreshing, enveloping agent, for bile and urolithiasis, hypertension, diseases thyroid gland, some skin diseases. | Used in the form of infusions, decoctions or fresh herb juice. Infusion: 1 tablespoon of crushed plant, pour 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 9 hours, drink ½ cup 4 times a day at hypertension, coronary disease heart, liver disease. Young shoots are added to spring salads as a vitamin supplement. |
|
| Great burdock (burdock) | It is found in garbage areas, near housing, along roadsides and the banks of reservoirs. Thistles spread by clinging to animal fur. | The roots and leaves of burdock are used internally as a diaphoretic, and externally for rheumatism, skin diseases, and burns. An infusion of almond and olive oil- burdock oil, intended to treat skin diseases and strengthen hair. | Root decoction: 1 tablespoon per 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, cool, strain, take ½ cup before meals 2-3 times a day. Used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Peeled young stems and leaves are suitable for soups and salads. |
|
| White pigweed (quinoa) | It grows in gardens, along roads, near homes, in weedy places, as well as along river banks, rocks, and sparse forests. | Leaves or grass of white marigold are used as an anthelmintic, laxative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, expectorant, diuretic for tuberculosis, stomach colic, peptic ulcer stomach, liver diseases, warts, calluses, rheumatism, gastralgia, tonsillitis, migraines, radiculitis, paralysis, hysteria, neurasthenia, bronchitis, cough, diseases of the spleen, wounds, heatstroke, convulsions, insect bites. | Infusion: 1 tablespoon of crushed raw materials per 250 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain, use 50 ml 4 times a day for diarrhea, vitamin deficiency, and also as a general tonic. |
|
| Lance-shaped immature (poop) | It is found along the edges of mixed forests, in alder thickets, in oak forests, and in bush thickets along river valleys. | A large amount of carotene was found in the leaves, which determines their wound-healing effect. Infusion and decoction of the herb in folk medicine is considered a strong laxative; it is also used for bronchitis and infectious diseases. | Infusion of leaves: 2 tablespoons per 400 ml of boiling water, leave for two hours, drink ½ glass 2 - 3 times a day before meals for bronchitis. |
|
| Serpukha crowned | It grows in groups in light forests, on forest edges, on mountain slopes, in thickets of bushes, in floodplain meadows and sedge bogs. | An excellent honey plant, the honey has a greenish tint. The herb is used as an astringent, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antifever, antiemetic, sedatives. The inflorescences are used as a wound-healing and hemostatic agent, and a decoction from the aerial part is used as an analgesic. | Infusion: 2 teaspoons of serpukha herb per 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 3-4 hours, strain, take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day before meals for stomach diseases, anemia, nervous disorders. |
Appendix 3
Table 3 Medicinal plants growing in the experimental plot
| Type of medicinal plant |
|
| Scots pine |
|
| Bird cherry |
|
| White birch |
|
| Wild strawberry |
|
| Rose hip |
|
| St. John's wort |
|
| Coltsfoot |
|
| Large plantain |
|
| Maakia Amur |
|
| Short-tufted reed grass |
|
| Common barnyard grass |
|
| Chaga birch |
|
| Common lingonberry |
|
| Tripospermum perforatum |
|
| Yarrow |
|
| Great celandine |
Appendix 4
Table 4 Plant biomass
| Plants | Fresh plant weight (kg) | Dry biomass (kg) |
| Common lingonberry | ||
| Wild strawberry | ||
| Tripospermum perforatum | ||
| Yarrow | ||
| Coltsfoot | ||
| St. John's wort |
Appendix 5
Table 5 Time and labor costs
| Medicinal plant | Road | Travel time | Collection time | Cooking time | Total |
| Common lingonberry | 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 189rub |
||
| Wild strawberry | 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 189rub |
||
| Tripospermum perforatum | 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 1h 15m x 42r. | 195 rub. 30 kopecks. |
|
| Yarrow | 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 45min. x 42r. | 165 rub. 90 kopecks. |
|
| 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 50 min. x 42r. | 168 rub. |
||
| Coltsfoot | 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 189 rub. |
||
| St. John's wort | 0.5 hours x 42 rub. | 3 hours x 42 rub. | 189 rub. |
Appendix 6
Approximate prices for ready-made mixtures of medicinal plants in pharmacies in Belogorsk, Amur Region.
Nettle leaf - 900 rub/kg
St. John's wort leaf - 1140 rub/kg
Wild strawberry leaf - 3000 rub/kg
Tripospermum perforatum (chamomile) – 700 rub/kg
Yarrow leaf – 1300 rub/kg
Coltsfoot leaf – 2033 rub/kg
Lingonberry leaf – 1440 rub/kg
Appendix 7
| Name | Weight of solution, g | Volume of iodine, ml | |||
| St. John's wort | |||||
| Yarrow |
Appendix 8
Table 7
| Medicinal drug | Cost of the drug (r)/vitamin C content | Number of grams of herbal tea + paracetamol | Cost of treatment using herbs (1 use / course of treatment 7 days * 3 doses per day) | Difference in the cost of treatment with drugs and herbs |
| "Rinzasip" | 50 ml St. John's wort tea or 100 ml yarrow tea + 1.5 tablets | 0+0.9r=0.9r*21=18.9r | ||
| "Fervex" | 275/200 mg | 50 ml St. John's wort tea or 100 ml yarrow tea, +1 tablet | 0r+0.6r=0.6r*21=12.6r | |
| "Teraflu" | 11 ml St. John's wort tea, or 33 ml yarrow tea, +0.7 tablets | 0r+0.4r=0.4r*21=8.4r | ||
| "Coldrex" | 15ml St. John's wort tea or 38 ml yarrow tea, +1.5 tablets | 0r+0.8r=0.8r*21=16.8r |
Appendix 9
Herbal tea recipe
Tea is produced by infusing crushed medicinal raw materials in water. To make tea we use crushed plant leaves. Place 20 grams of raw materials (a full tablespoon “with the top”) in an enamel pan (you can use porcelain or glassware), pour a glass of boiling water (most often used in a ratio of 1 to 10, i.e. take 10 parts for one weight part of raw materials water). Cover the mixture with a lid and leave until completely cooled.
Appendix 10
Table 9 Taste qualities of herbal tea
| Average score |
|
| Wild strawberry | |
| Tripospermum perforatum | |
| Common lingonberry |
Appendix 11
1 Makhlayuk V.P. Medicinal plants in folk medicine. Moscow, Niva Rossii. 1992 234s.
2 Medicinal plants, use in folk medicine and everyday life. "Human". 1990. 165 p.
Zainullina A.A. 1
Khasanova F.Z. 1
1 Municipal budgetary educational institution “Pelevskaya secondary school” of the Laishevsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan
The text of the work is posted without images and formulas.
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Introduction
The plant world is rich and diverse. Many of them are very useful. They give people food and are a source of oxygen. It’s as if nature has programmed everything into the plant world necessary for people. I wanted to learn more about medicinal plants. study the problem of using plants as medicinal raw materials. She began her work by studying literature.
Purpose of the study:
1. Find out which plants are medicinal.
2.Are there medicinal plants in our area?
3.What medicinal properties do they have?
4. Rules for collection and use.
5.Use of medicinal plants in our family.
Research objectives:
Identify the effect of medicinal plants on human health
Encourage children and adolescents to treat medicinal plants with care.
First, we got acquainted with the history of the green pharmacy.
The Green Pharmacy is the oldest pharmacy on our planet, and its age is calculated not even in tens, but in hundreds of thousands of years. Plants are the first medicines of ancient man. How he found and used them, we will apparently never know, but already in the very first written monuments of human history, medicines from plants are mentioned.
Thus, in a herbal book compiled in China 5 thousand years ago, 230 species of medicinal and poisonous plants are listed; about 4 thousand years ago in India, methods for collecting medicinal plants were described. The Egyptians 2 thousand years ago grew medicinal plants and equipped special expeditions delivering from different countries planting material. IN ancient Greece there were professions of collectors and sellers of medicinal raw materials, and some recipes of Greek doctors, compiled almost 2 thousand years ago, have remained relevant to this day, as you will see after reading this book.
In the Middle Ages in Europe, the recommendations of Avicenna, who lived in X century in Bukhara and widely used medicines from plants. Pharmacies in Europe at this time were created according to the Arab model and imported oriental medicinal plants. WITH XV centuries, after the great geographical discoveries, arsenal medicinal products replenished with plants exported from America. IN XVII-XX For centuries, Western European pharmacies used plant materials from all parts of the world.
IN ancient Rus' Herbal medicine was successfully used by wise men and healers, and later, with the introduction of Christianity, monasteries played a major role in this, where they treated the sick and collected medicinal herbs. But the first pharmacy in Moscow was opened only in XVI century. At first, foreign pharmacists worked there, but already XVII century, the pharmacy began to serve not only the royal court, but also the army; trained Russian pharmacists worked in it, stocked medicinal raw materials, and for this purpose a special expedition to Siberia was organized. At the same time, “pharmaceutical gardens” were created in Moscow - the first plantations of medicinal plants. Subsequently, Peter I organized an apothecary garden in St. Petersburg and plantations of medicinal plants in Astrakhan and near Poltava (in Lubny).
This is the ancient history of the green pharmacy.
However, in our time, the antiquity of any field of knowledge does not serve as proof of its relevance. What is the role of medicinal plants in modern medicine? Have they lost their meaning now that the mass medicinal drugs created by direct synthesis from organic and inorganic compounds? Isn’t it anachronistic in the age of advanced chemistry to collect some herbs and roots like a caveman?
And the all-knowing statistics answer - no, it’s not an anachronism.
Man managed to change beyond recognition only the world around him, but not the vital processes of his body. Therefore until now functional disorders are treated mainly with herbal preparations: more than half of choleretic, diuretic, laxatives, hemostatic agents are obtained from plant materials, and in the treatment of widespread cardiovascular diseases They actually take first place! The further we go, the more we become convinced of the benefits of treatment natural products, to which the human body has adapted for thousands of years and which do not cause undesirable consequences associated with the abuse of synthetic drugs.
So the green pharmacy continues its work, so necessary for humanity, today!
Why are they medicinal?
The therapeutic effect of medicinal plants is associated with the presence in them of physiological active substances.
Already from the beginning XIX have been known for centuries alkaloids. Many of the alkaloids have a very strong effect on the vital processes of the body - in small doses they are medicines, and in large doses they are strong poisons. This list alone shows how alkaloids differ in their action: they depress or excite the nervous system, dilate or constrict blood vessels, paralyze nerve endings, etc. The most powerful poison, strychnine, is also an alkaloid. The richest in them are representatives of the families Ranunculaceae, Poppy, and Solanaceae.
The second is very important medicinal properties a group of chemical compounds - glycosides. Glycosides are also very different in their physiological action, and this is determined by the different nature of the aglycones. Thus, for the treatment of heart failure, cardiac glycosides are indispensable, increasing the force of contraction of the heart muscle. Cardiac glycogens are part of such well-known drugs as digoxin, digitoxin, celanide, adonisitol, korglykon, etc. They are obtained from some types of foxglove, spring adonis, and May lily of the valley. The effect of cardiac glycosides on the human body is very strong, and they can only be used under medical supervision.
Bitter glycosides act on the body in a completely different way than cardiac ones - they stimulate the secretion gastric juice, and therefore they are used for digestive disorders and to increase appetite. Bitter glycosides were found in wormwood, trifoliate, centaury, etc.
Coloring substances are associated with sugars - flavonoids. Some of them, such as rutin, contained in buckwheat and Japanese sophora, reduce the permeability and fragility of capillaries, others have an anti-inflammatory effect and affect liver function.
Saponins have an expectorant effect, the aglycones of which, called sapogenins, foam and are washed off like soap. Saponins are found, for example, in licorice roots.
Biotically active include tannins (tannins). There are especially many of them in plants of the pine, beech, willow, buckwheat, and rosaceae families. In medicine, tannins are used as astringents and anti-inflammatory agents.
Essential oil is essentially a mixture of various volatile substances (alcohols, esters, terpenes, etc.) that have strong odor. Essential oil is contained in various organs plants, but most often in flowers or fruits. Depending on the composition of the essential oil, its use in medicine may vary. Thus, essential oil containing azulenes, such as chamomile and yarrow oil, has anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects; oil containing phenolic alcohols, such as thyme oil, acts as an expectorant as well as an antiseptic and is therefore often used to treat inflammation respiratory tract. But the importance of essential oil is especially great not in medicine, but in perfumery. Already several thousand years ago it was used as incense, and although synthetic substances have recently become widespread in perfumery, the need for natural essential oil is still great. Proof of this is the plantations of lavender, Crimean essential oil rose, clary sage, rosemary, etc.
Vitamins These are also substances with strong biological activity. Over 30 vitamins are known.
However, we are not always able to say with certainty which substance is responsible for the healing effect of the plant. For example, it has not yet been precisely established which of the chemical compounds contained in valerian rhizomes gives the therapeutic effect that the tincture of rhizomes has.
Obviously, in many cases, the effect of not one particular substance, but their entire complex contained in the plant, is important. Then they try to use their entire amount and prepare the so-called galenic preparations - tinctures, extracts, etc. They received their name from the Roman physician Galen, who lived in the 2nd century, who introduced them into use.
Until now, herbal remedies occupy a significant place in the arsenal of medicinal products, as you can see by looking at any pharmacy counter.
In medicine, those organs or parts of the plant that contain the largest amount of physiologically active substances are used. In some species these are leaves and flowers, in others - bark, roots or rhizomes. Usually in the above-ground organs of the plant - shoots, leaves - the maximum amount of biologically active substances accumulates during flowering, and in the underground - roots and rhizomes - before the beginning of the growing season and at the very end of it.(4)
How to collect and dry medicinal plants
When collecting medicinal plants, it is necessary to do this in such a way that the maximum amount of physiologically active substances is preserved in the raw materials and, in addition, so that after the collection of the raw materials, the population of medicinal plants retains the ability to recover. If these requirements are not met, the collection of medicinal raw materials will turn into a simple theft of natural resources.
Exists certain rules collection of medicinal plants.
The best time to collect buds is spring, when the buds have swollen but not burst. At this time, they are especially rich in resins and other active ingredients.
The bark is also usually collected in the spring during sap flow. It is removed from three to four year old trunks and branches. In this case, ring-shaped and longitudinal cuts are made, after which the bark is peeled off and removed.
It is better to collect leaves at the beginning of the plant's flowering or shortly before it. The aboveground part of the plant, the so-called “grass,” is most often recommended to be collected during flowering.
Flowers or inflorescences are taken at the beginning of flowering, and not during the second half, when they begin to fade, fruits - only when they are completely ripe, and, of course, there is no need to collect damaged or rotten fruits.
Leaves, shoots and flowers can only be collected in dry weather, after the dew has disappeared: plants collected after rain or covered with dew will not be able to dry properly - they will turn black and spoil. Collect leaves, shoots and flowers of only healthy plants. You should also not collect plants in contaminated areas (for example, near barnyards), in fields where herbicides were treated or mineral fertilizers were recently applied, near industrial enterprises- in a word, wherever the resulting raw materials may be contaminated with harmful organic or mineral substances.
With this in mind, you need to comply as much as possible general rules collection of plants: shoots (grass) and flowers of perennials herbaceous plants not to pick, but to cut, since by tearing them off, we can pull out the plant or, in any case, damage its roots. Only annuals can be plucked or even pulled out of the soil, but not all of them - a few specimens must be left for seeding. Roots and rhizomes should only be dug up from mature plants; young ones should be left to renew the population. The buds and especially the bark need to be harvested only at cutting sites during thinning, from felled specimens. The fruits are collected only by hand - all mechanical devices damage the plants. Of course, when picking fruits or flowers, you cannot break off branches. And most importantly, remember - plants need rest. It is impossible to carry out harvesting in the same place every year. And you should never take more than necessary!(4)
Medicinal plants of Tatarstan
A very large number of species of medicinal plants grow on the territory of our republic. (3) These are woody, shrubby and herbaceous plants. In our area, near the village of Pelevo, many of them can be found. Trees include silver birch, common oak, heart-shaped linden, and rowan; shrubs - bird cherry, cinnamon rose hip, common viburnum, common raspberry; more than fifty species of herbaceous plants, such as blue cornflower, knotweed, oregano, St. John's wort, wild strawberry, stinging nettle, coltsfoot, dandelion shepherd's purse, spring primrose, common tansy, great plantain, wormwood, etc. Among them there are also protected species: yellow egg capsule, May lily of the valley. (2)
Many of these medicinal plants are used in my family, and many residents of our village also use them.
How to use medicinal raw materials
The success of treatment largely depends on the correct preparation of medicinal preparations from plant materials. To do this, we must extract active ingredients from raw materials. Usually they are extracted either with alcohol (so-called tinctures are prepared) or with water. At home, the easiest way to prepare water extracts is infusions and decoctions. To prepare them, certain knowledge is required. So, for example, the active substances from leaves and flowers are easily extracted after ordinary brewing with boiling water and infusion, but the bark and roots need to be boiled to extract the active substances.
Some dosage forms and rules for their preparation.
Infusions- aqueous extracts of active ingredients. They are prepared by brewing the crushed raw materials with boiling water, usually in a ratio of 2 teaspoons per glass of water. Leave for 15-30 minutes in a sealed container, preferably in a thermos, and then filter. Sometimes, if the raw material contains essential oil or mucus, an infusion is prepared by pouring the raw material boiled water room temperature and leave for 6-8 hours.
Decoctions - also water extracts. They are prepared by heating raw materials filled with water in a boiling water bath in a sealed container for 30 minutes. Then the broth is cooled and filtered.
Decoctions and infusions should be taken cold or warm. For example, diaphoretic infusions are taken warm. To improve the taste of infusions, you can add a little sugar or honey. However, heavily sweeten, especially for gastrointestinal intestinal diseases, Not recommended.
Tinctures- extracts obtained with 70° alcohol or vodka in a ratio of 1:5 or 1:10. Infuse in a well-closed container, protected from action sun rays, for 7 days at room temperature.
Extracts- These are condensed extracts from medicinal raw materials. They can be liquid or dry. The methods for obtaining them are quite complex, so they are usually not prepared at home.
At home, you can use juices obtained from fresh, not dried plants, such as the juice of aloe or Kalanchoe leaves.
When you need to further enhance the complexity of the action different substances, infusions and decoctions are prepared not from one, but from several types of plants that complement each other well. These are the so-called “teas” or “collections”. For example, choleretic tea from immortelle flowers, mint leaves and watch or soothing tea from valerian rhizomes, mint leaves, hop “cones”. All infusions, decoctions, and teas are suitable for use within two days if they are stored at room temperature.
Cultivated medicinal plants
Cultivated medicinal plants are medicinal plants that you can grow yourself.
Other plants also have healing properties - fruit, vegetable and ornamental plants grown in the garden, such as apple trees, cherries, plums, etc.
People began to cultivate medicinal plants a long time ago. There is information about some plants, for example, cumin, coriander, etc., that they were grown before our era.
Growing medicinal plants is becoming an urgent need. Scientific and technological progress is increasingly displacing plant species from their natural habitats, their thickets are thinning out, and the distribution area of such species is shrinking.
Pharmacy in the garden.
These are plants like Marshmallow, Noble basil, Red hawthorn, Valerian officinalis, Oregano, St. John's wort, Hyssop officinalis, Viburnum common, Coriander, Schisandra chinensis, Melissa officinalis, Peppermint, Marigold (calendula), etc.
Pharmacy on the windowsill
In addition to plants that can grow in open ground, there is a way to grow some indoor plants: aloe, kalanchoe, kidney tea. These plants are easy to grow at home, on the window, and it is not difficult to prepare medicine from them at home.
Pharmacy on the dining table
Most of the vegetable and herb plants we eat every day have certain healing properties. Some of them, such as carrots, were first introduced into culture as medicinal ones, and only then became food. So at lunch we get not only food, but also medicine. The importance of vitamins is well known, but vegetables contain not only vitamins, but also a number of other substances that have a healing effect.
Head cabbage.
Instructions about medicinal use Cabbages are found in Dioscorides, Pliny, and Galen. In Russian medicine, cabbage was widely used to treat digestive disorders, diseases of the liver and spleen, to treat eczema, burns, festering wounds, ulcers and other diseases.
Cabbage leaves contain vitamins: C, B, folic and pantothenic acids, carotene, phosphorus, potassium, calcium.
Freshly prepared cabbage juice has a strong anti-ulcer property. It helps with pulmonary tuberculosis (mixed with honey) and liver diseases. Effect on certain groups of microbes ( tuberculosis bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, etc.)
Potato
Potato tubers are valuable not only for their starch. There are also organic acids (citric, malic, oxalic) and various vitamins- C, B1, B2, B5, PP, provitamin A, as well as potassium and phosphorus.
Potatoes are valuable due to the vitamin content they contain.
Bulb onions
The leaves and bulbs contain essential oil, vitamin C; the bulbs also contain vitamins B and PP, flavonoids, and saponins. Onions are very rich in phytoncides - volatile substances with bactericidal and fungicidal properties.
During the Crusades, you could ransom a prisoner for 8 onions.
Fresh leaves are applied to abscesses and calluses: crushed bulb scales are a good remedy for hair loss.
Onions are a well-known remedy for vitamin deficiencies.
Carrot
Root vegetables of high-vitamin varieties of carrots are used to obtain carotene; in addition, this is an excellent dietary food for anemia, diseases of the liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. Carrots have a weak diuretic and anthelmintic (especially against pinworms) effect. Not only root vegetables are healing, but also carrots.
Capsicum
For medicine, only spicy varieties of pepper are of interest. Their burning taste depends on the volatile substance contained in the fruits - capsaicin; in addition, they contain a lot of vitamin C, vitamins B1, and P.
An alcoholic tincture of pepper stimulates the secretion of gastric juice and improves digestion, but pepper is mainly used externally - as an irritating and distracting rub for neuralgia, radiculitis, myositis, etc.
Radish
Root vegetables contain a glycoside that breaks down to release essential oil. This is what gives the radish its pungent and pungent taste. In addition, root vegetables contain sugars, vitamins C, B1 and carotene.
Recommendations for the use of radish juice are very wide. So, in Bulgaria it is used for bronchitis, neuralgia, flatulence, and especially for liver diseases, sand and stones in the liver and bladder. A paste of crushed seeds in the form of a poultice is recommended for difficult-to-heal wounds.
Common pumpkin
Pumpkin seeds are used in medicine; they contain 50% fatty oils, resinous substances, vitamins and organic acids. Which of the substances contained in the seeds have anthelmintic properties has not yet been established, however, in their effect, pumpkin seeds are similar to male fern extract, only less toxic, so they are especially recommended for children and the elderly. As an anthelmintic, the seeds are eaten raw. Pumpkin pulp improves intestinal function. In folk medicine, pumpkin dishes are considered a good diuretic that removes salts from the body.(1)
Conclusion
What is the secret of the effectiveness of herbal medicines? The fact is that plants are a biogenetically formed complex consisting of active substances and other (secondary) elements, including: metabolites, proteins, various essential oils, chlorophyll, trace elements, vitamins different groups, inorganic salts.
This kind of complex, which is formed in a living cell, is more similar to the human body than active substance created chemically. Therefore, medicinal plants are more easily assimilated by the body and have fewer side effects.
Therefore it is not surprising that scientific medicine, counting traditional methods treatments that are imperfect and archaic, nevertheless resorts to the help of medicinal plants that have proven their effectiveness and usefulness over the course of their existence. And this is not surprising, because medicinal herbs and plants do not have any chemical additives, since nature itself endowed them beneficial properties, creating a kind of safe “natural pills”.
Moreover, modern science not only studies and carefully checks the experience of traditional medicine, but also expands the arsenal of therapeutic agents.
We found out that medicinal plants are a national treasure and wealth. About half of all medicines are prepared from plants. 70% of heart medications are made from medicinal plants. Medicinal plants grow everywhere. True, it is not the same everywhere and in the same quantity. You need to know well what plants are found in our area and how many there are. Everyone must learn to search, collect and protect the gifts of nature. Before collecting plants, you need to study them biological features, method of collection, drying and storage. This will allow rational use of raw materials from therapeutic purpose. The cultivation of medicinal plants in gardens and orchards should be used more widely.
Bibliography
1.A.M.Rabinovich Medicinal plants on a personal plot Kazan 1990
2. V. I. Poluyanova Poisonous plants Tatar ASSR. Kazan 1987
3. I.I. Rakhimov, K.K. Ibragimova Flora and fauna of Tatarstan Magarif 2007
4. L.S. Soboleva, I.L. Krylova Green pharmacy Tatars Kazan 1990
5 R.G. Ivanova Wild edible plants of Tatarstan Kazan 1987
The importance of medicinal plants in the life of mankind is difficult to overestimate. At one time, herbal treatment helped him survive. What am I talking about? Let’s not forget that the mass production of non-plant-based drugs did not appear that long ago. This happened a little over a hundred years ago. However, even in our time official medicine is in no hurry to give up medications for plant based…
So we should also know everything about healing properties some plants in order to use them to neutralize the first signs of the disease, without waiting for it to make itself known loudly. Of course, we are not talking about replacing medicines with plants: rather, herbs, as an addition to pharmaceutical products, can provide the body with invaluable support in the healing process... Therefore, I will tell you about the ways to use them, the benefits and applications of some popular plants.
Methods of use
Infusion. Leaves, flowers or roots of one or more plants are placed in a deep pan and poured hot water. Waiting for at least half an hour, then the liquid is filtered and can be used for its intended purpose.
Decoction. To make a decoction, add fresh or dried herbs to cold water, then place in a saucepan. After this, you need to bring everything to a boil and let it simmer over low heat for 20-30 minutes. Cool and strain before using.
Tincture. Extract from plants prepared with alcohol. Liquid tinctures of plants can also be prepared using vinegar or vegetable glycerin. Usually a few drops, according to the dosage, are diluted in a small amount of water before use.
Oil. You just need to place the plant in vegetable oil for several days, and then strain.
Ointments. In this case, the oil should become solid, and for this purpose beeswax or lanolin should be added to it.
The benefits of medicinal plants
There are plants that can be consumed every day. In addition to the fact that they are effective in the case of certain diseases. These herbs also bring a large amount of nutrients to the body, tone and activate the body as a whole. These medicinal medicinal plants are consumed mainly in the form of infusion, 1-3 cups per day.
Oats
Being a particularly nutritious plant for the nervous system, oats are recommended for apathetic or overly stressed people. It promotes concentration, healthy sleep. Oats also serve as a good reinforcement for the baby during the mother’s pregnancy, and for the newborn in case of lack of milk or weaning.
Nettle
Rich in magnesium and iron, nettle strengthens the kidneys. It helps people who suffer from disorders associated with the accumulation of toxins in the body: skin diseases, allergies, arthritis, cancer. Nettle tones the body by regulating blood sugar and reducing the effects of stress. In addition, nettle is a good ally for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Recommended for use as an infusion.
Clover
Rich in calcium, red clover is good for people suffering from toxins. The nutrients of clover are especially healing for children, women of climatic age, and the elderly. An infusion of flowers or the whole plant is used, but you should beware of using it in parallel with blood thinning medications.
Flaxseed is a popular laxative. For these purposes, you should brew 1 tablespoon of seeds cool water, cook for half an hour and consume once or twice a day.
Raspberry bush
Raspberry bush leaves are without a doubt the best remedy for female diseases. Nutritious and rich useful substances, this plant tones the uterus and helps women who have problems with the reproductive system (premenstrual syndrome, cramps, menstruation, endometriosis, fibroids, infertility). Raspberries are also good for pregnant women and nursing mothers: they tonify the uterus and enrich milk. Moreover, thanks to its astringent action The plant relieves sore throats and eliminates digestive system disorders. Drink an infusion of raspberry leaves (no more than 2 cups per day). The infusion can also serve as a vaginal rinse or be used as a compress to be applied to small wounds or conjunctivitis.
Dill
Dill seeds promote harmonious digestion, eliminate putrefaction and intestinal cramps. Dill is the best remedy for children prone to colic. In addition, this plant helps the production of milk in nursing mothers.
Chamomile flowers
Chamomile promotes balance and harmony. Its flowers tone and activate both the digestive and nervous systems. reproductive system. Chamomile is a daily ally of people in the fight against indigestion, ulcers, inflammatory diseases intestines, stress, insomnia and menstrual problems. A light infusion is prepared that we can drink or add to the bath to calm the nerves or relieve skin irritations. Chamomile oil can also be used to treat wounds and childhood rashes.
Melissa
This plant is good helper for those who constantly indulge in dark thoughts. Melissa relaxes, promotes normal sleep, digestion, and reduces fever in children and adults. The antiviral effect of lemon balm is effective in case of flu or herpes. An infusion of the leaves of this plant is used.
Herbal healing restores our relationship with the richness that the earth offers us, and also restores a person's sense of autonomy in relation to their own health.
