Opisthorchiasis in cats is a parasitic disease. Algorithm for the treatment of opisthorchiasis. Symptoms and causes of opisthorchiasis

- a disease that can affect any warm-blooded organism. It is caused by the feline or parasite, which, upon entering the body, causes damage to the liver and bile ducts. It must be treated promptly as it can cause serious consequences for the body. It affects both people and cats and dogs. Opisthorchiasis in cats is quite common.

Symptoms

Symptoms of this disease differ depending on the form in which it occurs. It can be chronic or acute. When chronic, symptoms may be completely absent or appear periodically. And since they are nonspecific, during differential diagnosis they can sometimes be confused by veterinarians with the symptoms of gastritis, duodenitis or cholecystitis.

In acute cases, the disease is easier to diagnose, although in this case the symptoms are nonspecific. Signs such as:

1. Decreased appetite (in some cases);
2. Exhaustion even with normal appetite;
3. The coat is tousled, flaky, dull, and looks bad;
4. The skin and mucous membranes in the mouth are jaundiced due to the liver being affected;
5. Permanent or recurrent gastrointestinal disorder (constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration);
6. Bloating;
7. The liver is enlarged and compacted, its surface is lumpy, and pain is noted on palpation.

At the same time, with a minor infection, for example, in cases where it is suppressed by the immune system (partially or almost completely), no clinical signs appear. But self-healing cannot occur; specific drug treatment veterinary drugs.

Diagnostics

For this reason, most effective method is linked immunosorbent assay. It is aimed at determining the presence in the animal’s body of specific immunoglobulins - antibodies that are produced when the body is infected with helminths. Since they are specific not only to the species, but also to the strain of invasion, thanks to these data it is possible to select the most effective treatment. This study quite complicated. It is almost never prescribed and is not performed in all clinics. For this reason, most often, doctors prescribe drug treatment wide range actions.

There are also non-specific studies for invasion - general analysis blood and its biochemistry. They give an indirect idea of ​​the functioning internal organs and the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. In this case, anamnesis plays an important role in diagnosis (for example, is the cat fed raw fish).

Treatment

Treatment is carried out in several stages. It is quite complex, so it is carried out under the supervision of a doctor.

Therapy for the disease is quite complex, so it must be carried out under the supervision of a veterinarian. Self-medication may be ineffective and threatens the disease to progress to chronic form. This can lead to the development of liver and gallbladder damage and a significant deterioration in the animal’s condition over time.

Is it possible to cure opisthorchiasis without harm to one’s own health? What symptoms plague a person infected with opisthorchiasis? - this is the question a concerned patient asks the doctor after noticing suspicious signs the presence of these helminths in the body. Similar questions may become relevant when eating poorly processed fish (insufficiently salted or fried) that was consumed by humans. The main carriers of infection are carp fish. Helminths enter the body of fish by eating mollusks and snails, which are the first intermediate “home” for worms.

The causative agent of opisthorchiasis is the cat fluke, which chooses the human body as its final “home,” where it boldly settles and begins to actively reproduce, causing injuries to internal organs.

How to determine opisthorchiasis in people

Opisthorchiasis may not make itself felt immediately, since the incubation period sometimes lasts about three weeks. Symptoms of the disease can be different and in different variations.

The acute form of this helminthic infestation can be either easy or difficult. Mild degree acute form can be expressed by general weakness and low temperature, after which the person experiences relief and the disease enters the chronic stage. Usually, acute stage occurs 5-42 after invasion. In addition to weakness and fever, sweating may occur. Blood tests show eosinophilia of about 20% and moderate leukocytosis.

In 50% of patients, the average degree of this helminthic infestation can occur with a high temperature of up to 39.5 ° C and catarrhal manifestations of the upper respiratory tract. Eosinophilia in such cases can reach up to 60%, and leukocytosis increases.

Mild to moderate infestation lasts for about two weeks, after which the person begins to improve and, in the absence of proper treatment, the disease becomes chronic.

Severe opisthorchiasis can be of different types:

• typhus-like;
• hepatocholangic;
• gastroenterocolitic.

The typhus-like variant is characterized by the following symptoms: chills, high fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, weakness, cough, arthralgia. This form of the disease is very acute. Patients often experience cardialgia, which is accompanied by diffuse changes myocardium on the electrocardiogram. The disease may be accompanied by severe headaches and rashes of unknown etiology. Changes in blood tests are also noted: ESR up to 40 mm/hour, eosinophils rise to about 90%. The acute period of this type of acute form does not exceed three weeks.

With the hepatocholangic variant, symptoms such as damage to the liver, pancreas, jaundice, pain in the right hypochondrium, and hepatomegaly are expressed. This type of severe form is also accompanied by high fever and changes in blood tests: eosinophilia, increased bilirubin content in the blood serum. Pain syndrome manifests itself in the form of hepatic colic. As a rule, the pain is aching and dull, encircling in nature.

With the gastroenterocolitic variant, the following symptoms are more pronounced: colitis, gastritis, duodenal ulcer, which are accompanied by pain, nausea, diarrhea or constipation. Signs such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, or constipation may occur. Temperature and intoxication of the body do not appear so clearly.

Almost half of the patients experienced some symptoms, such as inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. It can be either bronchitis or pneumonia. Weakness and sleep disturbance are also common symptoms of this variant of the disease. Sometimes the acute stage can drag on and last up to two months.

Then the symptoms subside, and the invasion moves to the next stage: chronic. In chronic cases, patients experience dyskinesia biliary tract, pancreatitis, persistent hepatitis. Patients often complained of pain in the heart area.

One type of complication that may develop in the future is cirrhosis of the liver. However, this is not the entire list of complications: primary cancer of the liver and pancreas occurs. Biliary peritonitis was also noted.

After two to three weeks acute symptoms subside, and if the disease is not treated, the disease enters the chronic stage. The chronic stage of the disease can last in humans for a long time(the countdown goes on for years) and manifests itself in the form of colitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis. These diseases are sometimes accompanied by a secondary infection (hepatitis, intestinal infection).

Opisthorchiasis is dangerous because it can aggravate the course of other diseases and negatively affect the development of the fetus during pregnancy and the child during breastfeeding.

In children, as a rule, opisthorchiasis occurs in mild form, but its chronic course can negatively affect physical development child.

Opisthorchiasis in pregnant women

Greatest danger represents opisthorchiasis for pregnant women, since during this period it is very difficult to choose adequate treatment, but opisthorchiasis cannot be ignored. Of two evils, of course, the doctor chooses the lesser evil for the pregnant woman and begins to treat the expectant mother.

In pregnant women with acute course The illness may be severe toxicosis - this applies to both the first and second or third trimester. This can lead to miscarriage and premature birth. The fetus may also experience intrauterine asphyxia.

In pregnant women, the acute stage is treated only under the supervision of a doctor in a hospital. The main goal in treating this category of patients is relief of allergic symptoms and restoration of the liver.

Recommended for pregnant women bed rest, since in the “lying down” position the blood supply to the affected organ – the liver – improves. A protein-carbohydrate diet is also prescribed. The forum and doctors can recommend eating up to 400 grams of cottage cheese per day and drinking about three liters of liquid. We also need meat, dairy products, fresh fruits, vegetables and honey.

To relieve allergies in a pregnant woman, they can be prescribed the following drugs: Diphenhydramine, calcium chloride, Pipolfen. To restore the liver, glucose solution, vitamins E, C and B are administered. For painful sensations in the liver area, no-shpa and papaverine are prescribed. Choleretic drugs are also prescribed: Allohol, Hologol and others.

Often pregnant women are prescribed herbal decoctions: mint, St. John's wort, chamomile, which do not have any negative influence for the unborn child. To exclude fetal hypoxia, many doctors recommend using sigitin, a triad, in treatment.

During delivery, the pregnant woman should be monitored and be sure to prevent fetal hypoxia and weakness labor activity. Chloxyl is strictly contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women due to its high toxicity.

How to treat opisthorchiasis

Opisthorchiasis must be treated not only with medications and herbs, but also with diet, which plays an important role in the treatment of this helminthic infestation.

A “liver” table (treatment table number five according to Pevzner) is suitable for the diet, where foods in the following form are excluded:

• fried;
• fat;
• salty;
• smoked;
• sweets.

Meals should be fractional and in small portions. Steamed or boiled foods are allowed to be eaten. Vegetables and dairy products are recommended.

The treatment regimen should also include taking medicines which are prescribed only by a doctor. Treatment of this disease is carried out only in a hospital and consists of several stages, which require certain preparation. If the symptoms of opisthorchiasis are left unattended, the prognosis may be disappointing.

At the first stage (preparatory), the doctor prescribes adsorbents and antiallergic drugs to patients. You also need to take hepatoprotectors, choleretic, antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory drugs. The price of such treatment is not cheap. Usually the preparatory stage takes about ten days, in some cases it can be extended to twenty days.

After the first stage of preparation, the treatment itself begins. As a rule, this is taking praziquantel (Biltricide). The price of the drug may vary in pharmacies. The doctor prescribes the dosage and regimen, which cannot be changed independently.

Treatment with herbs can take place in tandem with medications, since they are not always able to cope with the disease on their own. You should not rely on recipes posted on the forum, because the people who offered them did not always use them themselves.

Basically, herbal therapy is carried out at the recovery stage after taking Biltricide. St. John's wort, tansy, chamomile, clover, thyme and others are great for these purposes. medicinal herbs, which have anti-inflammatory, choleretic, enveloping properties. The price of medicinal herbs is affordable for many so that patients can recover from taking chemical drugs.

We can speak about the effectiveness of treatment only after 6 months: this is how long it takes the affected organs to recover. So the price of getting rid of cat fluke is quite high, but health is still more expensive.

Folk recipes

By going to the forum, you can find various recipes for preparing remedies for opisthorchiasis using herbs.

Here is one of the recipes added to an online forum by people who have suffered from opisthorchiasis: to get rid of cat fluke, you can make kvass from celandine. You can assemble it yourself or purchase it at a pharmacy, especially since its price is affordable. You need to take a glass of chopped and pre-washed celandine and wrap it in gauze, where you need to put a piece of silicon stone. Place this product at the very bottom of a three-liter jar and add one glass of sugar. Then add sour cream in the amount of one tablespoon and add whey.

However, you should not seek salvation and deliverance from opisthorchiasis by going to the forum, since opisthorchiasis is quite serious illness which requires qualified assistance.

Therefore, if you suspect opisthorchiasis, do not joke with your health by trying it on yourself various recipes, which the forum offers you, and immediately contact your doctor.

How to prevent illness

Prevention of opisthorchiasis includes a set of methods:

• treatment and prophylactic;
• sanitary and epidemiological;
• sanitary educational work.

Prevention of opisthorchiasis in the group of treatment and prophylactic methods includes detection of infected people and their timely treatment. Sanitary and epidemiological methods imply the protection of all water bodies from contamination with feces. This group of methods also includes monitoring compliance with correct processing. fish products, which goes on general sale. Such products undergo proper salting, smoking, and drying.

People should know that fish must be boiled and fried for at least twenty minutes, and salting should be carried out for two weeks at a temperature of +16 to +20 degrees Celsius.

Opisthorchiasis is a serious disease, the cost of treatment of which is not cheap, both for the patient’s pocket and for his health! Therefore, you should not be careless and consider worms, especially the cat fluke, as frivolous rivals for humans!

How to treat opisthorchiasis

What is opisthorchiasis

Not only people get sick, but also animals that eat raw fish. The disease occurs throughout Russia, as well as nearby countries, including the Asian region. The predominant increase in the number of affected populations is observed near large bodies of water, and the consumption of insufficiently processed or raw fish for food plays an important role.

Causes of opisthorchiasis

Life cycle

The process of opisthorchid existence in nature is divided into several stages. The development of a flatworm in different hosts represents separate periods life cycle worm.

What does he look like? This is a larva in a capsule, which is armed with suckers, the maximum length is up to 1.5 mm. She has her own excretory organ - in the form of an elimination bladder.

How can you get infected?

Fish is the main source through which the disease develops. The route of infection is simple - eating fish containing fluke larvae. There are no other options for getting an infestation - it is absolutely safe to pet animals, be near a sick person, or use shared equipment.

If the fish is well cooked or otherwise heat-treated, the larva dies and infection does not occur. An important condition The introduction of the worm is the consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish.

The main disadvantages of processing fish raw materials can be presented as follows:

Not all fish are dangerous. The predatory fish has rough scales, through which it is extremely difficult for cercariae to penetrate. Infection from eating such individuals is possible, but these are rare isolated cases. The greatest danger is represented by cyprinids.

The most dangerous is ide. More than 60% of cases of invasion are associated with the consumption of this fish. The second place is confidently taken by the roach, with just over 18% of documented infestations.

What happens in the body after infection

• stagnation in the biliary system;
• local circulatory disorders in places of worm absorption;
• impaired secretion of pancreatic juice;
• allergization of the body;
• erosive and ulcerative processes in the stomach and duodenum;
• cancerous transformation of liver cells.

Once in the bile ducts, the fluke moves towards the liver, in the opposite direction of the bile. This causes significant stagnation and promotes the addition of a bacterial infection. Lack of bile secretion leads to systemic digestive disorders, which also affects pancreatic function.

A lack of enzymes makes it difficult to evacuate contents from the stomach, which in turn contributes to the persistence of Helicobacter (a bacterium that lives in the stomach). This bacterium is exposed to aggressive factors of hydrochloric acid destroys the epithelium of the upper mucosa digestive system, which leads to the formation of ulcers and erosions.

Symptoms of the disease

There are no typical manifestations of the disease at this time, but there may be weakness and unmotivated fatigue, as well as decreased performance. Sometimes checks in in the evenings slight fever. However, infected people usually do not pay any close attention to these symptoms.

Then an acute period of illness develops. Symptoms develop rapidly, the patient’s condition deteriorates sharply. The main manifestations can be presented as follows:

• febrile fever;
• severe weakness;
• rash like “urticaria” on the skin, sometimes completely;
• vomiting repeatedly;
• diarrhea;
• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• yellowness of the skin and mucous membranes;
• change in color of urine to dark and stool to light.

In addition to typical gastrointestinal manifestations, general toxic symptoms rapidly progress. IN severe cases opisthorchiasis infestation causes severe headaches, lethargy, and sometimes even confusion. Insomnia occurs with nightly periods of uncontrollable agitation.

Approximately 30 percent of patients have acute period catarrhal problems. This is a sore throat, cough, and sometimes pain in the chest. In the presence of concomitant pathology, especially cardiac, stagnation quickly occurs in the pulmonary circulation, which inevitably leads to pneumonia.

The duration of the acute period does not exceed one month. Then clinical symptoms fade away, chronic opisthorchiasis sets in.

How does a chronic process manifest itself?

As the disease becomes chronic, a multiform clinical picture due to various pathological effects on the human body. Chronic opisthorchiasis affects the following bodies and systems:

• liver and gallbladder area;
• pancreas;
• nervous system;
• upper digestive tract;
• heart.

When the liver is damaged, the following signs of opisthorchiasis occur:

If chronic opisthorchiasis affects the pancreas, then in addition to digestive disorders, they develop and progress painful sensations in the epigastrium (upper abdomen), which can be felt in the back. Sometimes the pain can be girdling and radiate to the arm.

Inflammatory changes develop in the stomach and duodenum due to the high activity of hydrochloric acid, which leads to gastritis and ulceration. Symptoms include epigastric pain after eating, heaviness in the stomach, and sometimes heartburn or vomiting.

Defeat brings especially great suffering. nervous system. The main manifestations of such disorders look like this:

• insomnia;
• excruciating headaches;
• dizziness;
• control over emotional sphere– patients are whiny and irritable;
• depression.

Since the manifestations of chronic opisthorchiasis are diverse, the clinical picture consists of all the symptoms characteristic of damage to various organs.

Complications of the disease

• development of cholangitis – bacterial inflammation biliary tract;
• peritonitis;
• liver cancer;
• neoplasms of the bile ducts;
• obstructive jaundice due to blockage of the bile ducts;
• pancreatic necrosis – total destruction of the pancreas;
• bleeding from ulcerative defects stomach;
• development of severe allergic reactions;
• deterioration coronary blood flow with provoking the development of myocardial infarction;
• suicide due to depressive disorders.

The disease is insidious in that complications can arise both during a long course and in the acute period. At the same time, the only reliable way to prevent problems such as opisthorchiasis is the radical elimination of the helminth using therapeutic methods.

Opisthorchiasis in pregnant women

Majority painful conditions, which arise during pregnancy, negatively affect its course. Helminth infestation is no exception in this regard. If a woman is planning to conceive, but opisthorchiasis is diagnosed during examination, it must be completely cured before pregnancy.

If the disease occurs during pregnancy, it will cause many adverse symptoms in the woman. Opisthorchiasis and pregnancy are incompatible. Without appropriate therapy, the chances of a safe birth healthy child minimal.

Main negative impacts invasions on the body of a pregnant woman are as follows:

• development of anemia;
• severe toxicosis;
• risk of thrombosis;
• development of eclampsia (a complication of pregnancy accompanied by high blood pressure and convulsions);
• threat of interruption;
• hypoxia (lack of oxygen) of the fetus;
• Intrauterine fetal death often occurs.

Diagnosis of the disease

Complaints that are characteristic of opisthorchiasis invasion can also occur with other pathological processes in the body. Therefore, an in-depth examination is required for an accurate diagnosis.

Qualitative analysis is always positive only in the acute period of the disease. After the body’s reaction to the initial introduction subsides, it is often negative. The patient's blood is examined in reaction with liver fluke antigens.

Treatment of the disease

Solving the problem of how to cure opisthorchiasis is feasible both in outpatient and inpatient settings. In the absence of complications, as well as mild flow illnesses, treatment is carried out in a clinic. Indications for hospitalization look like this:

• severe course of the disease;
• presence of jaundice;
• development of complications;
• the patient's age is over 60 years;
• pregnancy;
• children under 12 years of age with parental consent.

Treatment of opisthorchiasis in adults is carried out with the following drugs:

1. praziquantel;
2. albendazole;
3. ursodeoxycholic acid.

Praziquantel is one of the most effective antiopisthorchiasis drugs. Average dose 25 mg per kg of patient weight. Taken orally three times for 3 days. You can enhance the effect of the drug with grapefruit juice.

Albendazole is highly effective against helminths, but it is more toxic than praziquantel. Used at a dose of 800 mg per day for two days. The course must be repeated after 28 days. Cannot be used by pregnant women, nursing mothers, or children under 6 years of age.

Ursodeoxycholic acid is not an anthelmintic. It is a hepatoprotector – a substance that protects the liver. The drug minimizes the influence of flukes, restores the patency of the bile ducts, and restores liver cells. Used together with anthelmintic drugs in complex therapy.

How to treat opisthorchiasis in a hospital

If exacerbations develop, anthelmintic drugs alone cannot be used. Necessary full recovery organism from the consequences of invasion. The basic principles of how to get rid of opisthorchiasis, used in a hospital, are listed below:

To combat worms, the same drugs are used as in outpatient settings. They are also used internally; there are no parenteral drugs in this group. In addition to this treatment, intoxication is removed with plasma-substituting solutions, hepatoprotectors and broad-spectrum antibiotics are used.

How is the disease treated in pregnant women?

The toxic effect of helminths on the woman’s body and fetus requires mandatory therapeutic intervention. Waiting until childbirth occurs if opisthorchiasis is present in the body is unacceptable! The benefits of using anthelmintics significantly exceed potential harm to the future child.

Treatment of opisthorchiasis in pregnant women is carried out starting from the moment the placenta is formed. Praziquantel is used. No dose adjustment is required.

Additionally, hepatoprotectors and detoxification therapy are used. If there is anemia or threat of miscarriage, therapeutic correction of these disorders is carried out with appropriate medications.

Disease prevention

• the duration of salting small fish should not be less than 10 days, and large fish, especially ide, should not be less than 25 days;
• frying large pieces of fish over 100 grams is not allowed; fry small pieces for at least 20 minutes;
• Boiling for less than 30 minutes after boiling is not recommended;
• freezing at a temperature of minus 28 degrees must be carried out for at least 32 hours;
• hot smoking at a temperature of at least 75 degrees for at least 2 hours;
• cold smoking of large fish, especially ide or roach, is highly discouraged;
• Fish waste must not be disposed of in garbage containers without prior disinfection.

Conclusion

Thus, opisthorchiasis invasion represents serious problem with numerous adverse consequences. If helminthiasis is suspected, it is necessary to carry out a set of diagnostic procedures.

If the disease is detected, then the problem of how to cure opisthorchiasis should be solved under the supervision of a specialist. Subject to preventive measures the disease can be avoided.

Symptoms and treatment methods for cucumber tapeworm in cats

• Morphological features
• Life cycle of cucumber tapeworm
• Symptoms of cucumber tapeworm infection
• Diagnosis of the disease
• Treatment of dipylidia in cats
• Prevention of cucumber tapeworm infection

Morphological features

Externally, the cucumber tapeworm is a grayish-white or pinkish worm. Body length ranges from 40 to 70 cm, some individuals reach a length of 1.5 m. The maximum body width does not exceed 3 mm. The photo shows an adult cucumber tapeworm.

Life cycle of cucumber tapeworm

The life cycle of a helminth occurs with the participation of temporary and primary (definitive) hosts. Dog lice eaters, as well as cat, dog or human fleas act as temporary hosts; cats, dogs, fur animals and man. The photo shows the development path of the cucumber tapeworm during its life.

Infection of cats with cucumber tapeworm occurs when an infested flea or lice eater is ingested.

Symptoms of cucumber tapeworm infection

Main clinical manifestations helminthic infestations in cats are as follows:

1. general depressed state;
2. pallor of the mucous membranes and skin;
3. presence of discharge from the eyes;
4. stomach ache;
5. disorders of the digestive system;
6. dizziness;
7. seizures;
8. tousled fur;
9. "riding" on the butt due to severe itching in the anus;
10. nausea, less often vomiting;
11. strong appetite or its complete absence;
12. salivation;
13. bloating;
14. alternating diarrhea and constipation;
15. nervous excitement, anxiety;
16. fatigue, weakness;
17. exhaustion.

IN in rare cases spontaneous release of helminth segments is observed, which leave the host’s body with feces.

As a rule, adult cats tolerate dipylidia more easily than kittens. For the latter, this disease, like any other helminthiasis, carries a mortal danger.

Diagnosis of the disease

Confirmation or refutation of the presence of helminth infestation in cats is carried out on the basis of data obtained from multiple study cat feces using the Fulleborn method. If cocoons or segments of cucumber tapeworm are detected in the feces, a diagnosis of “dipylidiasis” is made, after which appropriate treatment should be started immediately.

Treatment of dipylidia in cats

For achievement high efficiency treatment should include a complex of various measures:

The following medications may be prescribed:

1. fenasal (administration is carried out once at 0.1 – 0.15 g/kg of cat’s weight);
2. febantel (should be taken for 3 days with food at the rate of 0.01 g/kg body weight);
3. bunamidine (given once, on an empty stomach at a dose of 25-30 mg/kg);
4. praziquantel (taken once, taking into account that the dose is 5 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight);
5. mebendazole (40 mg/kg simultaneously with food for 3 days).

In addition to the above medicines gavamit, hydrogen bromide arecoline, fenapeg, canikquantel plus, drontal and drontal plus, azinox and azinox plus, droncit, fenbendazole, bithionol, albendazole, aminoacriquine, nicorzamide are also used,

It is preferable to give medicines by adding them to minced meat. Dosages for each case are individual, their value varies depending on the cat’s body weight. After 2 - 3 weeks, deworming therapy is recommended to be repeated.

Prevention of cucumber tapeworm infection

It is necessary to periodically expose the animal's bedding to high temperature. The carrier and litter tray should be scalded with boiling water or taken out into the cold in winter. It is possible to use various insect repellents: dusts, shampoos and special collars.

Infection of helminthiasis in animals and humans occurs when they eat contaminated, unheated fish.

Experts distinguish acute and chronic stages of opisthorchiasis, as well as manifest and erased forms of the disease.

Signs of helminthiasis

The first symptoms of opisthorchiasis in the throat, as shown in the video, occur after the incubation period of the disease has ended - usually its duration is from two to ten weeks. Opisthorchiasis of carnivores in a mild form is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• general malaise;
• low-grade body temperature;
• weakness;
• increased sweating.

Chronic opisthorchiasis medium degree severity are distinguished by the following characteristic symptoms:

• feverish conditions;
• high body temperature (up to 40 degrees);
• Symptoms of an inflammatory process developing in the upper respiratory tract may appear.

Most often, obvious symptoms of ICD 10 are observed only during the first few weeks after incubation period, then the patient develops chronic opisthorchiasis.

Symptoms of typhus-like opisthorchiasis:

• the appearance of multiple skin rashes;
• the patient is actively secreting mucus;
• severe general weakness;
• lymphadenopathy;
• dysfunction of the digestive tract;
• recurrent headaches;
• sore throat.

Symptoms of the acute phase of the typhoid form of the disease ICD 10 can appear over several weeks.

The course of the gastroenterocolic variant of opisthorchiasis is distinguished by the following symptoms:

• peptic ulcer of the duodenum, stomach;
• erosive gastritis;
• Typical symptoms of this form of ICD 10: intestinal disorders, vomiting, nausea, pain in the stomach and throat.

Other distinctive symptoms gastroenterocolitic type ICD 10:

• the liver of animals and humans infected with cat flukes increases in size;
• pain often occurs in the area of ​​the right hypochondrium;
• mucus is released;
• ICD 10 is accompanied by jaundice;
• in severe stages of the disease - pancreatitis.

The hepatocholangitic type of opisthorchiasis in humans and animals is accompanied by the following manifestations:

• an increase in the level of eosinophils in the patient’s blood (a symptom of an allergic reaction to waste products of helminths);
• jaundice;
• severe feverish conditions;
• an increase in the bilirubin content in the patient’s blood serum ( functional disorder liver);
• pronounced abdominal syndrome;
• painful sensations in the throat;
• mucus is actively secreted.

Opisthorchiasis of carnivores at the chronic stage is accompanied by classic signs hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastroudonecolitis.

At the chronic stage of opisthorchiasis, patients experience pronounced eosinophilia, hypochromic anemia, as well as leukopenia.

In especially severe cases, the disease causes the following complications:

• biliary peritonitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• pancreas cancer;
• malignant tumors in the liver.

In addition to the complications described above, helminthiasis often aggravates clinical course chronic pathologies, and also negatively affects pregnancy in women and affects the lactation period.

Symptoms of the disease in children are found much less frequently than in adults, the disease is much easier and goes away faster.

The chronic form of the disease in children aged one to three years is accompanied by the following manifestations:

• moderate eosinophilia;
• retardation in physical development;
• signs of biliary dyskinesia may occur;
• loss of appetite;
• painful sensations in the throat and other organs of the respiratory system;
• The patient produces intense mucus.

Detection of ICD disease by 10 specialists is carried out based on the analysis of the following criteria:

How to treat the disease

The therapeutic cycle for opisthorchiasis consists of several successive stages:

• preparatory;
• then the specialist directly deworms the patient’s body;
• last but not least, the recovery period.

Treatment of the disease preparatory stage involves the use of such drugs:

• antispasmodics;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• choleretic tablets;
• antihistamines.

If necessary, treatment is supplemented with adsorbents and hepatoprotectors. Preparatory therapy for the fight against opisthorchiasis can last from 15 to 20 days.

• Chloxyl;
• Praziquantel;
• Bithionol.

• dizziness;
• weakness;
• pain in the liver area;
• characteristic allergic rashes on the epidermis;
• an increase in the level of eosinophils in the patient’s blood.

If the patient has the symptoms described above, antihelminthic treatment is supplemented with calcium chloride and antihistamines.

Antihelminthic treatment of opisthorchiasis is supplemented with the following procedures:

• drainage of the biliary tract;
• duodenal sounding.

If opisthorchiasis is accompanied by an infection, the specialist must prescribe antibiotics to the patient.

Rehabilitation therapy for opisthorchiasis involves the use of choleretic drugs and hepatoprotectors.

The prognosis for opisthorchiasis is usually positive - with timely and properly selected treatment, the helminthic infestation is eliminated, and the functions of the affected organs in animals or humans are restored.

It's worth reading

Symptoms of opisthorchiasis in adults and effective treatment

Many people remember deliciously cooked fish in their childhood memories. At home or at a party, it was served fried, boiled or even baked.

At the same time, the children were convinced of the usefulness of phosphorus, and later they started talking about omega-3 and iodine. But somehow they forgot to tell us that not only phosphorus comes through the fish, but also the unpleasant disease opisthorchiasis. Of course, this disease may not bother you at all until it enters the body.

Symptoms

This disease, having already begun, may not show any signs for a very long period. But as soon as the helminths move to active life, then identifying them becomes not at all difficult.

Symptoms of this disease appear when the worm multiplies as larvae in the human pancreas and liver. As soon as it is identified, treatment of the patient must begin immediately. There is nothing dangerous in the symptoms themselves, but all diseases are best treated at an early stage. It is worth studying its symptoms:

• abdominal pain and diarrhea. If these symptoms appeared immediately after returning from warm countries and foreign resorts, then you need to urgently and definitely come for a diagnosis. Because it is on such trips that we get acquainted with cuisine that is non-traditional for us and experiment with our health while eating;
• sleep disturbance;
• sweating;
• hand tremors;
• headache;
• nausea to vomiting;
• unclear perception;
• muscle pain and weakness;
• skin rash;
• heat.

These symptoms are likely when the larvae have not yet spread throughout the body. So it’s worth thinking about, they are not yet in the active phase, but it’s already really bad. What will happen when it spreads to other organs of the unfortunate person’s body? Usually, after infestation by this type of helminth, the larvae are determined to live in the wall small intestine and there they grow up. But sometimes they penetrate other places in our body.

There are several other symptoms of helminthiasis:

• jaundice;
• failure in the nervous system;
• problems in the pancreas;
• circulatory disorders.

By the way, sweating is almost persistent symptom worm infestations.

Therefore, it is very stupid to delay treatment if helminth infestation is detected. The consequences may be irreversible.

Treatment

When an adult himself (or with the help medical diagnostics) discovered opisthorchiasis, then you should not worry and become despondent. The course of treatment is not entirely simple, but it is quite accessible and it is possible to get rid of uninvited tenants.

When infected, the doctor prescribes medications that kill the worms, the liver and pancreas are cleansed. This treatment is carried out in a complex, has several stages and is extended over a certain period of time.

Treatment takes place in several stages:

• The preparatory stage lasts 10-20 days, depending on how severe the disease is. Antispasmodics are mainly used, since the goal is to relieve general symptoms and improve the patient's condition. But anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs are added to the list of drugs. A choleretic agent is also prescribed to normalize the flow of bile. Hepatoprotectors, which are prescribed by the attending physician, are involved in stabilizing liver function.
• Deworming. Each case is special, and therefore requires a separately compiled list of drugs that kill and remove worms. Self-medication is out of the question! Uninitiated into all the intricacies of this medical practice the person will only harm himself.
• Rehabilitation is the third stage of treatment. The word itself speaks of the restoration of those disturbances that the worms caused by their presence in the patient’s body. And the drugs themselves that eliminate helminths (biltricide, for example) precede only subsequent therapy. Choleretic functions are restored by various tubes, hepatoprotectors and by taking decoctions that provide a normal outflow of bile. This stage also requires bowel cleansing with enemas and laxatives.

The complex of treatment stages must also include a diet; medications can be weakened in their strength by certain types of food. Others will only help the body. Get well soon Contributes to the consumption of a whole list of cooked and raw dishes:

• fresh and baked vegetables;
• Apples are very useful fruits; they have the required amount of fiber;
• fresh juice;
• porridge on water;
• vegetable broth;
• pumpkin seeds neutralize toxic poisons;
• kefir restores intestinal microflora.

During treatment, the patient should abstain and not eat baked goods or eggs in any form. Chips are excluded from the diet. Fatty foods, smoked meats, fast food and carbonated drinks.

It's better to focus on clean water, juice sauerkraut and cucumber pickle. This will help cleanse the intestines and other organs of worms. Classical medicine loses effect without diet.

Treatment at home

Is treatment at home dangerous or safe for the rest of the family? Is it possible to undergo treatment at home? These questions concern a lot of people. Since opisthorchiasis is widespread in the world, and it has been identified in more than 21 million people (more than half of those infected live in Siberia and are constantly being treated for these helminths), people cannot stay in hospital conditions for a long time.

Known a large number of medications that will help fight this disease without leaving home. Although the liver and pancreas are under serious stress from the disease, a competent doctor is able to select traditional medicine preparations for the entire range of treatment.

Can the disease be treated at home? Of course, it can be treated if you know the list of folk remedies, their effect not only on helminths, but also on the human body, and be aware of the main stages of therapy for this disease.

Treatment folk remedies quite accessible if the region where the sick person lives grows healing herbs or trees with healing properties buds, bark or even ash.

Linden ash has long been used to treat patients with helminth infestation. The linden branches should be burned to ash and collected in a separate container. Brew this unusual medicine in milk, taking into account the proportions: 1 tsp. ash for 1 glass of milk. For taste, you can add honey in a reasonable amount. Treatment course – 2 weeks.

Birch tar. This folk medicine is used very often, as it is recognized as more effective. Treatment is carried out according to the following scheme:

During the first 10 days, tar is taken according to an increasing trend:

• 1 day – 1 drop;
• Day 2 – 2 drops and so on.
• • From the 11th day, the drops decrease in quantity:
  • Day 11 -9 drops;
  • Day 12 – 8 and up to 1 drop.

In total, the course is 20 days. The drug is taken on an empty stomach in diluted or pure form(as the patient tolerates it). Anyone who is very disgusted by tar should try combining it with an apple.

Aspen bark. A decoction from this part of the aspen trunk successfully cleanses the body of worms. Take 10 tbsp. spoons of pre-crushed bark. Pour the resulting mixture with 1 liter of boiling water and continue boiling for 20 minutes. The cooled broth is filtered and consumed 3 tablespoons per day for 3 weeks.

Garlic with cloves. Take 3 cloves of garlic, 4 cloves and 1 glass of milk. Chop the garlic and cloves, mix, brew this mixture in milk and filter after cooling. Reception is carried out according to the following scheme: 3 glasses per day for 10 days.

Pine buds. They are found to be very effective if you make a tincture of them with alcohol. The recipe scheme is 500 to 500. That is, 500 ml of alcohol and 500 grams of pine buds. Leave for 10 days. The dose is taken only in the morning, but not more than 50 ml.

Burdock juice has good medicinal properties. The leaves of this plant are passed through a meat grinder and squeezed natural juice. The patient takes 30 ml of juice per day as soon as he wakes up from sleep. The course lasts 2 weeks.

These functions have always been performed very well by herbal infusions. The following herbs are known in this direction:

• sagebrush;
• St. John's wort;
• thyme;
• tansy bloom;
• green pumpkin seeds.

Video

Conclusion

Cleansing the body of helminths is carried out in various ways: ethnoscience or taking classical medications. Each option has its own inherent strengths and weak sides. In this regard, it is better to entrust the issue of selecting a course of treatment to the attending physician.

And again, you should not delay treatment to avoid the development of opisthorchiasis and the development of complications from other diseases.

Liver worms in humans: symptoms, photos

Symptoms and causes of opisthorchiasis

Opisthorchids live and reproduce in cats, dogs, muskrats, foxes, otters, and minks in the following organs:

• Liver,
• bile ducts,
• Pancreas.

Opisthorchiasis larvae with eggs end up in external environment, then they develop in fresh water in the organisms of rudd, tench, ide and bream. Human infection can occur if you eat insufficiently processed or raw fish.

Opisthorchid larvae first begin to live in the duodenum, then they move into the bile ducts. Over the course of four weeks, the larvae mature to adulthood, then the adults lay eggs.

1. Vomit,
2. Nausea,
3. Heaviness in the stomach,
4. Pain in the right hypochondrium,
5. Aches in muscles and joints,
6. Diarrhea,
7. Increase Bladder and liver,
8. Hives.

Diagnosis and analysis for opisthorchiasis is performed on the basis medical research, namely:

• X-ray,
• Stool and blood analysis.

Opisthorchiasis therapy is carried out using medical supplies, for example, Praziquantel.

The causative agents of amebiasis are amoeba worms; they enter the liver from the intestines. Amoebas pass through the intestinal wall into The lymph nodes and blood vessels through which they migrate to the liver.

This type of helminth provokes the formation of blood clots; they poison human tissues and cells with their toxic waste products. Insufficient nutrition of liver cells and constant exposure to toxic secretions of amoebas cause necrosis and lead to abscesses.

The following symptoms of amebiasis in humans are distinguished:

1. Cramping pain in the abdomen,
2. Vomiting and nausea
3. Temperature increase,
4. Diarrhea with blood and mucus.

Diagnosis of amebiasis is carried out using bacteriological studies of blood and feces. Drug treatment may be performed after symptoms have been examined. The most commonly used means are:

• Metronidazole,
• Ornidazole,
• Tinidazole,
• Clefamid,
• Paromomycin,
• Etofamide.

Types of worms

The presence of roundworms has its own symptoms:

1. Weakness,
2. Skin rashes
3. Headache,

The presence of roundworms is determined based on detailed studies of stool and blood. Drug treatment is represented by the use of:

• Pirantela,
• Albendazole,
• Carbendatsima.

Schistosomes actively live and develop in blood vessels liver. The eggs of these helminths can penetrate the liver tissue, causing hepatitis and, in some cases, cirrhosis of the liver. Symptoms of the presence of schistosomes in the human body:

1. Cough with sputum,
2. Aching joints and muscles,
3. Enlarged liver and spleen,
4. Pain in the areas of the lymph nodes,
5. Blood in stool and urine.

Schistosomes can be detected based on a blood test and examination feces. The main treatment for schistosomes is the use of the drug Praziquantel.

Alveolar echinococcus is a helminth that affects liver tissue and cells. Thanks to pathological process Metastases may appear in organs such as the bronchi and lungs, as can be seen in the photo.

Symptoms of echinococci in humans:

• Dumb It's a dull pain in the area of ​​the liver and stomach,
• Liver enlargement
• General weakness
• Skin itching
• Fast weight loss.

Diagnosis of echinococci is performed using the following methods:

1. Blood chemistry,
2. X-ray.

In some cases, worms can only be removed through surgery.

Giardia is a worm that causes giardiasis. Against the background of this disease, inflammatory processes appear. Worms in the liver are detected using blood and stool tests.

The main reasons that provoke infection with worms are:

• Ignoring hygiene rules
• Consumption of low-quality products,
• Swimming in polluted waters.

Treatment

You can also eliminate worms in the liver with the help of Decaris. Regardless of what kind of worms are in the human liver, they cause many problems. To remove helminths, it is best to combine medications with traditional medicine methods.

It is also worth remembering the effect of cleansing enemas with the addition of celandine or St. John's wort. Worm infestation is dangerous disease for people of any age.

The worm lives in the liver for a long time, so the patient may experience an allergic reaction. In such cases, you need to use the drugs Allercetin or Zodak.

Preventive measures

To prevent worms from appearing in the liver, you should follow the rules of hygiene. Before eating and after visiting the toilet and coming home from the street, you must wash your hands with soap.

When preparing food you must follow temperature regime and food processing technology. Fruits, herbs and vegetables should be thoroughly washed with water.

You should also regularly wet clean the premises and ventilate them. If you follow these simple hygiene rules, the risk of infecting the human body with helminths is significantly reduced. How to protect the liver from flukes - in the video in this article.

Probably, the name of this helminthiasis is familiar to everyone and is associated with something extremely unpleasant. And rightly so. Now let's find out why.

Opisthorchiasis, alas, affects not only people, but also cats. Moreover, the causative agent of this disease was first discovered in the liver of a cat (in 1884 by the Italian scientist S. Rivolta), and therefore received the name Opisthorchis felineus– cat fluke (due to two suckers – oral and ventral).

Who is Opisthorchis felineus?

This is a flatworm - a trematode (that is, a fluke), reaching 12 mm in length and 2 mm in width, with a rounded rear end and a narrowed anterior end. Its two suckers are up to 0.25 mm in diameter.

Like most flukes, opisthorchises are hermaphrodites, that is, they simultaneously have both male and female reproductive organs. The eggs are pale yellow in color and contain a formed embryo - miracidium .

How are opisthorchises doing?

If you don’t interfere with them, happily ever after (10-25 years).

In the picture, instead of a cat, there could be a person, a dog or another animal eating fish. By the way, humans have more opportunities to become involved in the spread of opisthorchiasis than other mammals.

Infection occurs when eating raw or insufficiently processed fish with helminth larvae. Species of carp fish are especially dangerous in this regard.

Metacercariae swallowed together with fish are freed from cysts and through the bile duct enter the bile ducts of the liver, where in 3-4 weeks they reach sexual maturity and begin to lay eggs, which are released with feces. The cycle is complete.

Complete development of opisthorchis from egg to adult stage takes about 4 months. Replenishment of the number of helminths in the body occurs only due to reinfection(!)

Now we can answer an important question:

Can a person become infected with opisthorchiasis from a cat or a cat from a person?

Why is opisthorchiasis dangerous?

Opisthorchises cause harm to the liver, bile ducts and bladder, and pancreas.

The most serious consequences of opisthorchiasis are bile peritonitis, cirrhosis or liver cancer, and severe pathologies of the pancreas.

Symptoms of opisthorchiasis

With a small infestation, helminthiasis may not manifest itself with clinical signs.

During its development, the cat experiences exhaustion, tousled fur, yellowness of the mucous membranes and skin, gastrointestinal upset (diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, dehydration), and sometimes an enlarged abdomen (ascites). When palpated, the liver area is painful, the organ itself is enlarged and compacted, its surface is bumpy.

Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis

Opisthorchiasis should be distinguished from various diseases liver (cholecystitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis), toxoplasmosis, viral peritonitis, etc., since their symptoms are similar.

When diagnosing opisthorchiasis, the doctor relies on anamnesis - information from the owner (for example, about feeding the pet raw fish), on the result of the examination and Clinical signs.

IN as a last resort, opisthorchises are found during autopsy in the liver of a dead animal. As always, an autopsy will reveal...

Treatment of opisthorchiasis

Treatment of opisthorchiasis is carried out veterinarian. It largely depends on the degree of damage to the body, immune system cats, duration of the disease.

1. First, a comprehensive symptomatic therapy to stabilize general condition animal: relieving an allergic reaction and intoxication, clearing the intestines of blockages (cleansing enemas, antiemetic drugs), prescribing veterinary diets (liver restoration), replenishing fluid in case of dehydration (droppers), vitamin therapy, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (including antibiotics), choleretic drugs and hepatoprotectors to restore normal bile flow, etc. The preparatory course can be long - up to 2-3 weeks.
2. The second stage is carrying out anthelmintic therapy using the most effective means broad spectrum (Praziquantel). Since the side effects of deworming can be serious, it is best done under the supervision of a doctor in a hospital.
3. The third stage of treatment is rehabilitation (restoration of all functions of damaged organs (hepatoprotectors, choleretic agents, diet, etc.))

Prevention of opisthorchiasis

Everything is very simple here: no opisthorchiasis - no opisthorchiasis.

Fish eaten as food must be well boiled or fried. The source of helminths is raw, lightly salted and frozen freshwater fish. Do not eat it yourself and do not give it to your beloved cat!

And in general, how to properly feed a cat fish - about this

A cat, having eaten fish that has not undergone heat treatment, swallows helminths that penetrate the pancreas, bile ducts, liver, where their further active development occurs.

Symptoms of opisthorchiasis in cats

If an animal is infected with liver flukes, the main symptom indicating the development of helminthic infestation is acute, rapidly developing jaundice, which is caused by obstruction of the biliary tract. Helminths disrupt digestion and worsen general health pet, reduce immune potential.

Symptoms:

• icteric mucous membranes;
• weight loss, exhaustion;
• lethargy, weakness;
• decreased or increased appetite;
• a sharp deterioration in the quality of fur;
• tight, enlarged tummy;
• increased thirst;
• colorless stool;
• dyspnea;
• fever;
• muscle spasms;
• liver enlargement;
• flatulence;
• diarrhea alternating with constipation;
• nausea, vomiting.

In sick animals, helminths cause allergic reactions and hair loss. Small kittens are severely delayed in growth and development, and look exhausted. When palpating the peritoneum in the left hypochondrium, animals feel severe pain.

During the acute course of the disease, the animal's temperature rises sharply to 39-40 degrees. In the area of ​​the right and left hypochondrium strong pain. The mucous membranes are pale and have a pronounced icteric tint. No appetite. Bronchial asthma may develop.

The chronic course of opisthorchiasis is characterized by the development inflammatory processes in the liver, pancreas, which leads to disruption in their work. Appear in the liver multiple abscesses, purulent encapsulated areas. The tissues of the organ gradually die. May develop purulent peritonitis, cirrhosis. The skin and sclera acquire a jaundiced tint. Animals suffer from attacks of nausea and severe vomiting. There is mucus and a large amount of foam in the stool. Animals lose weight.

Treatment methods, therapy

The cat is prescribed complex anthelmintics(Milbemax, Praziquantel, Albendazole), antihistamines to relieve allergic reactions, antispasmodics, drugs that cleanse the intestines. Anthelmintics, the dosage of which is determined by the veterinarian, are given to the cat twice with an interval of 5-7 days, depending on the drug used.

To normalize digestion, eliminate symptoms of jaundice, and normalize liver function, hepatoprotectors, choleretic drugs, enzymes, and homeopathic remedies are used. For bile stagnation, medications based on ursodeoxycholic acid are used. Animals are given a strict diet and medicated food. Vitamins, probiotics, special complex supplements, and immunomodulators will help normalize your pet’s condition.

In case of severe invasion or intoxication, infusion therapy and detoxification agents are prescribed. Saline solutions are administered intravenously.

In case of secondary bacterial flora, animals are prescribed antibacterial and antiviral drugs with a wide spectrum of action.

Treatment of opisthorchiasis in cats continues until the animal recovers completely and the general condition is normalized. After therapy, you need to be tested again at the veterinary clinic.

Prevention of helminthic infestations

To prevent your pet from becoming infected with helminths, control the quality of the products you use for feeding. We strongly do not recommend giving your pet any fish that has not previously been heat treatment, as well as stale, low-quality meat products and offal.

Important! Since helminths in cats cannot always be detected independently, you need to take the animal to the clinic twice a year to undergo the necessary tests.

Two or three times a year, regardless of whether the cat walks on the street or does not leave the house, carry out preventive deworming using complex anthelmintic agents, which can be purchased at a veterinary pharmacy, veterinary clinic. If you are unsure which drug to give your pet, consult your veterinarian.