home Audience 5 A new generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation, list with names of strong drugs

A new generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation, list with names of strong drugs

Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation, the list of which is increasing every year, represent a group medical supplies, the purpose of which is to destroy bacteria and viruses. The most known antibiotic is penicillin, which was discovered by A. Fleming back in 1928. Gradually, new ones were created based on penicillin. antibacterial agents. They are currently used to treat diseases that were considered incurable several decades ago.

Effect of new drugs

Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the newest generation are medications aimed at eliminating infections and the diseases that these infections caused. They allow you to speed up the treatment of the disease, alleviate the course of the disease, reduce the number deaths. Some drugs (penicillin, ) block the development of the outer cell membrane of bacteria. Other antibiotics (tetracyclines and) completely stop protein production in bacterial cells.

The list of medications is divided according to the principle of antibacteriality of drugs. The annotation must indicate in which area the antibiotic is most active. Some drugs are aimed at destroying a specific bacterium, while others are active in many cases of infection by various bacteria. If the disease develops too actively or the nature of the infection is not known, then a drug with a wide spectrum of effects is prescribed.
IMPORTANT! From all the variety of antibiotics, it is impossible to choose the right one on your own. This should only be done by the attending physician, otherwise self-prescribing antibiotics can cause significant harm to your health.
There are two types of bacteria that antibiotics can treat:

Gram-negative. They become the cause of diseases of the genitourinary, respiratory and intestinal systems.
Gram-positive. Provoke infection of wounds. Because of them, inflammatory processes occur after surgery.

Antibacterial agents are divided into 2 groups. One destroys bacteria and viruses, and the second suppresses their effect on the human body and prevents them from multiplying. Both groups of drugs act selectively and do not affect healthy cells.

List of antibiotics

There are original drugs and their copies (so-called generics). It's better to choose originals. Although they are more expensive, they are safe and the treatment will be effective.

There is no doubt that antibiotics are effective in treating diseases that caused death just a few decades ago. This greatest discovery person. But viruses and bacteria are able to adapt to therapy with old drugs. Therefore, we have to invent new generations of medicines.

New generation broad-spectrum antibacterial agents have fewer side effects, they are safe, easy to use, and come in a variety of forms.
Select one of the most effective drug impossible, they will all be effective in a certain situation.
The list of broad-spectrum antibiotics includes the following medications:

Antipseudomonas and natural penicillins;
macrolides;
nitrofurans;
sulfonamides;
tetracyclines;
quinolones;
fluoride;
3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins.

This list includes funds oldest generation and the latest very strong drugs.

Forms of release of antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are prescribed for periodonitis, syphilis, boils, pneumonia, and skin infections. They are produced in tablet form, in the form of suppositories, powders, capsules.

List of new antibiotics in powder and injection forms

Strong, fast-acting medications are most often administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. Due to the injection, the medicine does not enter the stomach, the effect on its mucous membrane is prevented and the microflora is not destroyed. This is how the medicine immediately begins to act. The list of new medications for injection is extensive.

These include:

aminopenicillins resistant to beta-lactamase, for example Sulbactam;
carbapenems (Imipinem-cilastatin, Ertapenem);
third and fourth generation cephalosporins Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefpirome;
3rd generation aminoglycoside antibiotics Amikacin and Netilmicin.

Tablets and capsules

Such drugs are prescribed during pregnancy and childhood. It is believed that they are not harmful to health; the use of the tablet form is more gentle than injections. Modern antibiotics latest generation in capsules or tablets are produced in almost the same quantities as powders and solutions for injections. These include:

fluoroquinols 3 and 4 generations (Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin);
macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Amoxicillin);
macrolides of natural origin (Sparfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Midecamycin);
nitrofurans – (Nitrofurantoin, Ersefuril);
4th generation antibiotics (Posaconazole, Voriconazole, Ravuconazole).

Sometimes doctors prefer narrow-spectrum antibiotics, since they do not affect the integrity of the intestinal microflora and have fewer side effects.

Use of antibiotics for various diseases

For adults there is huge list antibiotics. The table shows the main medications used in the treatment of various diseases.

Disease. Names of antibiotics used

Diseases of the female urinary and reproductive system
Antibacterial agents are used in gynecology for treatment inflammatory processes associated with the female genital area. Thrush and vaginitis are treated with Monural, Furamag. If the disease is accompanied by complications, then Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin are prescribed. To eliminate the infection genitourinary tract You need to take a course of Metronidazole and Nalidixic acid.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses
For sinusitis, Cefachlor and Cefixime are prescribed. If the disease is accompanied by complications, the doctor prescribes Azithromycin, Macropen.

Staphylococcus
When the body is affected by staphylococcus, Bactroban ointment is used. It prevents the appearance of new bacteria, and those that live inside the body become weak and die.

Angina
For tonsillitis, Azitral, Spiramycin, and Erythromycin are used.

Colds, flu, ARVI
Macrolides are prescribed, which are considered the safest among antibiotics. These are Erythromycin, Leukomycin, Rulid, Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Aziromycin. Cefamandole is also prescribed, which has a powerful bactericidal effect and is highly absorbable from gastrointestinal tract.

Dental problems
Dentists prescribe antibacterial agents for acute inflammation and to prevent purulent processes, if the patient who is undergoing surgery suffers from problems with blood vessels, diabetes in the stage of decompensation, and renal failure. Ampiox, Gentamicin, Syntomycin, Doxycycline are usually prescribed. The most commonly used drug in dentistry is the long-acting drug Lincomycin. It accumulates in the bones and acts for a long time, which is very good when performing complex operations.

Diseases of the urinary system
Cystitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis are treated with Canephron, Palin, Nolicin. These same drugs are also suitable for eliminating other urological problems. For cystitis, Ionural, Norbactin, Unidox Solutab are prescribed.

For urinary tract infections, Miconazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole are prescribed. For pyelonephritis, an antibiotic consisting of nitrofurans, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones is prescribed. If the disease proceeds normally, cephalosporins are used, if the condition worsens, then cephalosporins are used.

Pneumonia and bronchitis
For bronchitis, Erythromycin and Penicillin are prescribed. But other components must be added to Penicillin, since it has long been used for treatment and bacteria have adapted to it.

Penicillin is usually used in conjunction with Augmentin and Cefuroxime. For bronchitis and pneumonia, an individual treatment regimen is drawn up, which combines different kinds medicines to kill more bacteria. Most often, bronchodilators are added.

In case of complicated and prolonged course of bronchitis, Ceftriaxone plus Azithromycin is prescribed, which is sometimes replaced with Clarithromycin, Midecamycin.

Eye inflammation
At eye infections Eubetal and Tobrex drops are used.

New generations of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which include Ciprofloxacin, Cefepime, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, inhibit pathogenic microflora and the day after taking them, a person already feels the effect of treatment. In case of pneumonia, these drugs quickly suppress the pathogen and its pathogenic effect.
If medications are combined, then the ratio of bacteriostatic to bactericidal drugs should be one to one.

Limitations of antibacterial therapy for children and pregnant women

Since “adult” antibiotics are often not suitable for children, scientists, after conducting many studies, experimentally found out which antibiotics are best for children to take if necessary. As a result, it was proven that the best antibacterial agents in childhood are macrolides (Roxithromycin, Azithromycin), aminopenicillins (Clavulanate), cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone). It is not recommended to use carbapenes and fluoroquinols. These medications provoke the development of problems with the kidneys and liver, and prevent children’s bones from growing normally.

During pregnancy, the list of antibiotics approved for use is very limited. It is recommended to use Amoxiclav, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone. In the 3rd trimester, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin, Azithromycin are also added to the drugs. Of course, all prescriptions are made by the doctor.

Features of therapy

New generation antibiotics do an excellent job against any pathogens of inflammatory processes. It is important to choose the optimal combination of drugs to increase the effectiveness of therapy. Only a doctor can prescribe such a combination, taking into account the individual course of the disease, the presence or absence of progress in treatment.

Basically, the course lasts 7-10 days. Treatment with antibiotics is carried out in several ways: through the mouth (orally), through the rectum (rectally), intravenously, intramuscularly, spinal cord. You should not drink alcohol or use drugs during this time. Before use, you should read the instructions for use and strictly follow the instructions for use.

The new generation of antibiotics has the same serious impact on health as the old one. Latest tools help to heal, but at the same time destroy beneficial intestinal microflora and reduce immunity. Therefore, you need to take such medications strictly on the recommendation of a doctor according to the instructions. After a course of therapy, to protect and restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to take pribiotics and probiotics, and immunomodulators. It is important to follow a diet with plenty of dairy products, vegetables and fruits. Spicy, fatty, smoked, salty foods are excluded.

Macrolides should not be used during pregnancy, people with impaired renal function, liver function, or if allergic reactions on certain type antibiotic. If a broad-spectrum antibiotic was chosen incorrectly or the patient does not comply with the rules for its use, then headaches, nausea, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, loss of coordination and even anaphylactic shock. In this case, you should stop taking the medication and consult a doctor.

Therapy with antibacterial drugs The broadest action of the new generation helps to cure most ailments that are caused by pathogenic bacteria. But treatment should be taken with great responsibility, fully following the doctor’s advice. Otherwise, there is a possibility of further harm to your health.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are multifunctional drugs that help quickly cope with many pathogenic organisms. New generation drugs have a wide range of applications and are also highly effective.

How do broad spectrum antibiotics work?

Broad spectrum antibiotics- effective antibacterial agents, which can only be used after consulting a doctor. Such drugs can quickly overcome pathogenic microorganisms, regardless of their type. The advantage of these drugs can be called same efficiency treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Gram-positive organisms often cause infectious diseases. They often cause diseases of the ears, nasopharynx and the entire respiratory system. Such diseases can be caused by enterococcal or staphylococcal infections, V in rare cases- listeria, clostridia or corynebacteria. Gram-negative organisms are much less common. Most often they cause abnormalities in the functioning of the intestines or genitourinary system. Indications for the use of new generation antibiotics may be:

diagnosis of superinfections - diseases that are caused by several pathogens at once;
long-term ineffectiveness of therapy with other drugs.

The main advantage of modern antibiotics of the latest generation is their wide spectrum of action. Now there is no need to accurately determine the type of pathogen; it is enough to identify clinical picture illness.

What are broad spectrum antibiotics?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are universal bactericidal drugs that will help get rid of many diseases. Most often they are prescribed for the treatment of various infections, the causative agent of which remains unknown. They are also prescribed if a person has become infected with a rapidly developing and dangerous virus. Such drugs are indicated as prophylaxis after serious surgical interventions. Remember that not all cheap drugs are so bad.

Group	A drug	Mechanism of action
Tetracyclines	Doxycycline, Tetracycline	Kills bacteria, has antiviral effect
Levomycetin	Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin	Antimicrobial, antifungal and antibactericidal
Semi-synthetic penicillins	Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin	Inhibits the synthesis of the pathogen cell wall
Cephalosporins	Ceftriaxone	Changes the activity of a virus that has entered the RNA
Rifampicins	Streptomycin, Amphenicol	Interferes with protein production
Carbapenems	Meropenem, Meropenem, Cyronem, Imipenem	Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, prolonged action

Modern penicillins

Antibiotics from the penicillin group are drugs based on clavulanic acid and amoxicillin. Representatives of the new, 4, 5, 6 generations can be called Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Solutab. They help you quickly deal with any infectious processes, relieve pyelonephritis, dental abscess, otitis, sinusitis and much more.

Penicillins are effective drugs that help quickly suppress the activity of many infections and viruses.

Typically, penicillin antibiotics are prescribed for the following diseases:

Effect of use penicillin antibiotics may develop more slowly. However, they immediately stop the reproduction and growth of pathogenic bacteria in the body. Keep in mind that such medications can be taken no more than once a quarter.

Levomycetin is an essential broad-spectrum antibiotic

Levomycetins are popular antibiotics that help quickly cope with infectious processes. The first representatives of this group had a rather meager spectrum of action; they eliminated only a narrow range of pathogenic organisms. With the development of medicine, such drugs have become more and more effective, and their range of action has expanded.

Despite their wide spectrum of action, antibiotics show the greatest effectiveness in the fight against gram-positive bacteria.

Modern chloramphenicol 2, 3 and 4 generations have an extremely broad effect. The most popular drugs are Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin and Gatifloxacin.

With their help, you will be able to quickly overcome:

gram-positive organisms: staphylococci, streptococci;
gram-negative organisms: Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Protea, gonorrhea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
V intracellular pathogens: mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella.

It should be noted that many drugs are contraindicated for children under 18 years of age. Also, elderly people should take such medications with extreme caution, since the components of the medications can damage the structure of the tendons. Be sure to keep a list of antibiotics from this group.

Antibiotics Rifampicin

Rifampicin antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis in pathogenic organisms, resulting in a powerful bactericidal effect. They are most effective against sensitive microorganisms.

The first drug of this group was synthesized in the middle of the last century. Today this remedy is actively used to treat tuberculosis.

Rifampicins are a group of antibiotics that can rid a person of the tuberculosis bacillus.

To date, 4 generations of drugs have been developed. They have a wide spectrum of action, are quite safe and do not cause side effects. Such agents help to quickly suppress the activity of Klebsiella, Moraxella, Salmonella and other pathogenic organisms. However, they have the greatest activity against streptococci and staphylococci. Each such drug has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account during treatment.

As a rule, many people are not even aware of the existence of such a group of antibiotics as carbapenems. People usually encounter them extremely rarely, because they are used only to treat severe infections that threaten human life.

The most popular drugs in this group can be called Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Invanz. Also included in this group are Meronem, Meropenem, Syronem. Indications for the use of such drugs are nosocomial infections, such as:

intra-abdominal infections;
abscess, pneumonia, pleural empyema;
complications of urinary tract infections;
sepsis and pelvic infections;
endocarditis;
severe wounds;
joint and bone infections;
infections of soft tissues and skin.
Bacterial infections and meningitis.

It should be taken into account that carbapenem antibiotics are administered only intravenously using a special dispenser. It is strictly forbidden to use such products if you are allergic or intolerant to the components of the drug, as well as if you are sensitive to cilastatin. It is very important that during therapy the patient constantly informs his doctor about his health and any changes in the body.

Tetracyclines - time-tested antibiotics

Tetracycline antibiotics- broad-spectrum drugs. They are based on a four-cycle system. They do not have a beta-lactam ring, so they are not exposed to the pathogenic influence of beta-lactamase. Such drugs are prescribed for therapy:

listeria, staphylococci, streptococci, clostridia, actinomycetes;
gonorrhea, salmonella, whooping cough, syphilis, shigella, coli and Klebsiella.

Advantages of tetracycline antibiotics broad action Compared to analogues, we can mention their ability to penetrate deep into the cell affected by the bacterium. It is for this reason that this remedy is actively prescribed to people with chlamydia, fungal infections, and ureaplasma. It should be noted that tetracyclines are absolutely ineffective in the fight against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most popular drugs are Doxycycline and Tetracycline.

Cephalosporins- one of the broad groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics. There are 4 generations of such drugs. The first three were used only for parenteral and oral administration. They gained their popularity due to their low toxicity and high efficiency. Such medications help cope with pneumonia, infections of the urinary tract, pelvis, skin and soft tissues. The products are also effective in the fight against STDs.

These antibiotics are available in tablet form. The medicine should be taken strictly with meals, and should be washed down with plenty of clean water. For the entire course of treatment, try to strictly adhere to your daily routine. It is strictly forbidden to skip taking pills. Treatment is not completed after the first signs of relief. Popular drugs in this group are Cefixime, Ceftibuten, Cefuroxime. They are quite inexpensive.

Antibiotics for children

A special group of new generation antibiotics consists of children's drugs. They are prescribed only after treatment for 3 days antiviral drugs had no effect. Remember that only the attending physician can prescribe such medications. Among the safest children's antibiotics of the latest generation are::

Children can use many antibiotics, but the dose of the active substance for them should be less than for adults. The advantage is that they are also available as suspensions for internal use and ampoules - for intramuscular.

Therapy of diseases caused by pathogenic bacterial microflora requires the right choice etiotropic drug. Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation take into account factors of bacterial resistance and, for the most part, do not suppress the growth of normal intestinal microflora. However, they cannot be used without a doctor's prescription. These drugs have a detrimental effect on cellular immunity, can form resistance to therapy and provoke negative side effects. The list of broad-spectrum antibiotics in injections and tablets presented here is intended for informational purposes only. All names are taken from pharmacological reference books, mainly trade marks. The same drugs may be present in pharmacy chain in the form of analogues having the same active substance and completely different names.

The material also provides background information on recommended daily and course dosages. A list of bacterial microflora is provided for which treatment with one or another agent can be used. But it’s worth clarifying right away that any treatment must begin with a visit to the doctor and bacterial analysis to clarify the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora to a range of antibiotics.

An excursion into the microscopic world of bacteria

In order to understand how and what broad-spectrum antibiotics affect, you need to understand the representatives of the bacterial world. An excursion into the microscopic and mysterious world of bacteria can be taken in any bacterial laboratory. The vast majority of these microorganisms can only be seen under a powerful microscope eyepiece. This is precisely what allows them to dominate the world. Invisible to the eye, they dot with themselves and their colonies absolutely all surfaces, food, household items and human skin. By the way, the epidermis is the first natural barrier to potential enemies - bacteria. When they come into contact with the skin, they encounter a film of sebum that is impenetrable to them. If the skin is dry and prone to cracking, then this protection is significantly reduced. Regular water procedures With detergent increase the chances of not getting infections by almost 5 times.

In its structure, any bacterium is a prokaryote that does not have its own protein core. The first prototypes of this microflora appeared on the planet more than 4 million years ago. Currently, scientists have discovered more than 800,000 species of different bacteria. More than 80% of them are pathogenic for the human body.

The human body contains a huge amount of bacterial microflora. Most of them live in the intestines, where the basis of cellular humoral immunity is formed. In this way, bacteria can be beneficial to humans. If the bacterium is responsible for the state of the immune status. Some species help break down food and prepare substances for absorption in the small intestine. Without lactobacilli, the human body is unable to break down milk protein. People with low levels of lacto and bifidobacteria develop serious disorder intestines, immunity decreases, dysbacteriosis occurs.

A huge role in protecting the body from negative factors external environment played by so-called opportunistic bacteria. They are unique trainers of the immune system, teaching it to recognize hostile intrusions and respond to them in a timely manner. When the immune system is weakened and after previous stressful situations opportunistic microflora can become aggressive and cause harm to health.

When choosing a new generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, preference should be given to those names from the list that, according to the manufacturers, do not suppress the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora.

All bacteria are divided into gram-positive and gram-negative species. The primary division was carried out by Hans Gram in 1885 in what is now Denmark. During his research, to improve visual perception, he painted various types of pathogens with a special chemical composition. Those of them that changed color were classified as gram-positive. Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation act on both forms of pathogenic microflora.

The gram-positive microflora includes the entire group of cocci (staphylococcus, streptococcus, gonococcus, pneumococcus) - they are distinguished by the characteristic shape of a ball with spikes. This also includes corynobacteria, enterococci, listeria and clostridia. This whole gang can cause inflammatory processes in the pelvic cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, nasopharynx and conjunctiva of the eye.

The “specialization” of gram-negative bacteria practically eliminates their influence on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, however they can infect lung tissue. Most often they cause intestinal and genitourinary infections, cystitis, urethritis, cholecystitis, etc. This group includes salmonella, E. coli, legionella, shigella and others.

Bacterial culture of the collected specimen allows one to accurately determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial therapy. physiological fluid(vomit, urine, throat and nasal swab, sputum, feces). The analysis is carried out within 3-5 days. In this regard, on the first day, if indicated, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, then the treatment regimen is adjusted depending on the sensitivity result.

Names of broad-spectrum antibiotics (list)

There are no universal treatment regimens in modern medicine. Experienced doctor, based on the history and examination of the patient, can only assume the presence of one or another form of bacterial pathogenic microflora. The names of broad-spectrum antibiotics given below often appear in doctors' prescriptions. But I would like to convey everything to patients possible types their use. This list included the most effective drugs of the new generation. They do not affect viruses and fungal flora. Therefore, they should not be taken for candidal tonsillitis and ARVI.

All drugs of similar action are divided into groups depending on the active substance: penicillins, semisynthetic penicillins, tetracyclines, macrofoams, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, digitrans, aminoglycosides and amphenicols.

The beginning of the story - "Benzylpenicillin"

Antibiotics first entered the arsenal of doctors a little less than a century ago. Then a group of penicillins growing on moldy bread was discovered. The history of the successful fight against pathogenic microflora began during the Second World War. It was this openness that made it possible to save hundreds of thousands of lives of soldiers wounded at the front. "Benzylpenicillin" is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic; it is prescribed mainly for inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract as a first-choice drug until the sensitivity of the microflora is clarified.

Based on this remedy, more effective drugs were subsequently developed. They are widely used in patients from a very early age. This is Ampicillin, which has a broad spectrum of action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It can be prescribed when intestinal infections caused by salmonella and E. coli. It is also used to treat bronchitis and tracheitis, which are formed under the influence of coccal flora (streptococcus, staphylococcus). In children, Ampicillin in injections and tablets is prescribed as an effective remedy against Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. This drug has a long history of use; it was first produced in the late 60s of the last century. It differs in that it does not cause persistence and resistance in most known pathogenic bacteria. Among the shortcomings, doctors call low level availability of the active substance when consumed in tablets. Also, the drug is quickly excreted in urine and feces, which requires increasing the frequency of taking a single dose, sometimes up to 6 times a day.

The standard dosage for an adult is 500 mg 4 times a day for 7 days. For children aged 2 to 7 years single dosage 250 mg. It is possible to administer an intramuscular solution with the addition of Novocaine or Lidocaine. At least 4 injections are required per day.

Amoxicillin is more new antibiotic wide spectrum of action. Prescribed for inflammatory processes paranasal sinuses nose, upper respiratory tract, pneumonia, intestinal infections, diseases of the urinary system. Broad spectrum active pathogenic microorganisms. Used in medical practice since the late 70s of the last century. Can be used in children with infancy. For these purposes it is available in the form of a suspension.

Particularly effective in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract. This is due to the fact that the concentration of the active substance in the cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, trachea and larynx reaches a maximum within 30 minutes and remains there for 5-6 hours. The bioavailability of Amoxicillin is very high - after 40 minutes from taking the tablet orally, the concentration in tissues is 85%. Quickly helps provide bacterial elimination for all forms of bacterial infections purulent sore throat. It is used in combined eradication schemes for Helicobacter pylori (causative agent peptic ulcer stomach and some forms of gastritis).

The standard dosage is 500 mg 2 times a day for 7-10 days. For children, a suspension is prescribed at a dosage of 250 mg 2 times a day.

Augmentin and Amoxiclav are two more modern broad-spectrum antibiotics from the penicillin series. They contain clavulanic acid. This substance destroys the shell of pathogenic bacteria and accelerates the process of their death. These drugs do not have injectable forms. They are used only in tablets and suspension form.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics in injections are prescribed for severe inflammatory processes. They quickly reach the source of inflammation and have a bactericidal effect on microorganisms. Prescribed for abscesses caused by resistant forms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sensitivity is detected against streptococci and pneumococci, staphylococci and enterobacteria.

Ampisid is available in both tablets and injections. It contains ampicillin and sulbactam, which inhibits lactamase and eliminates the effect of resistance in all pathogenic microorganisms without exception. Prescribed 2 times a day for intramuscular injection and taking tablets.

"Carbenicillin" is available in the form of disodium salt in bottles with powder, which can be diluted with water for injection, novocaine and lidocaine before injection. Used for stable forms inflammatory processes in the chest and abdominal cavity, bronchitis, tonsillitis, paratonsillar abscess. It shows high effectiveness in meningitis, blood poisoning, peritonitis, and sepsis. Intravenous drip administration used in the postoperative period. In other cases, it is prescribed intramuscularly at 500 - 750 units 2 times a day.

Another effective drug and Piperacillin is used in anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with the drug Tazobactam. It is this combination that deprives the coccal flora of resistance. It is advisable to conduct a preliminary bacterial culture to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms. If there is no production of penicillinase, then it is possible to prescribe combination therapy only Piperacillin. It is administered intramuscularly for severe tonsillitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia and acute bronchitis.

Ticarcillin is not highly resistant to penicillinase produced by bacteria. Under the influence of this enzyme, the active substance of the drug will disintegrate without causing any harm to the causative agents of inflammatory processes. Can only be used in cases where the pathogenic microflora does not have resistance to the drug.

Among the protected forms of broad-spectrum antibiotics from the group of benzylpenicillins, it is worth noting “Trifamox” and “Flemoklav” - these are the latest drugs. No form of infection currently has resistance to their action.

"Trifamox" is a combination drug that contains amoxicillin and sulbactam, in combination they deal a crushing blow to pathogenic microflora. Prescribed in tablet form and intramuscular injections. Daily dosage for adults is 750 - 1000 mg, divided into 2-3 doses. Initial treatment with intramuscular injections followed by tablets is practiced.

Fluoroquinolone effective broad-spectrum antibiotics

Fluoroquinolone drugs are highly effective against a wide range of bacterial pathogenic microflora. They reduce the risk of side effects and do not kill the natural intestinal microflora. These effective antibiotics broad spectrum of action are completely synthetic substances.

"Tavanic" is a ready-made solution for injection with the active ingredient levofloxacin hemihydrate. Analogues of the drug are Signicef and Levotek. They can be prescribed intravenously and intramuscularly, and tablet form is also available in pharmacies. The dosage is calculated strictly individually, depending on the body weight, age of the patient and the severity of the condition.

In modern medicine, fourth generation fluoroquinolones are predominantly used; third generation drugs are prescribed less frequently. The most modern means- this is “Gatifloxacin”, “Levofloxacin”. Outdated forms - "Ofloxacin" and "Norfloxacin" are currently used very rarely due to their low effectiveness. The drugs have toxic activity against the process of peptidoglycan synthesis, which forms connective tissue tendons. Use in patients under 18 years of age is not permitted.

Fluoroquinolones can be successfully used in the treatment of diseases caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All forms of pathogenic microflora are sensitive to them, including those capable of producing penicillinase.

"Levofloxacin" is prescribed for otitis and bronchitis, sinusitis and pneumonia, tracheitis and pharyngitis in tablets. The daily dosage for an adult is 500 mg. Not prescribed for children. The course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days. Intravenous and intramuscular administration may be required in severe cases of the disease. This is usually done under conditions specialized hospital under round-the-clock supervision of the attending physician.

Gatifloxacin is an effective drug with low daily dosage And minimal risk development of side effects. Daily dose is 200 mg. The course of treatment for diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be reduced to 5 days.
Avelox and Moxifloxacin are effective for diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Less commonly prescribed for internal infections. Prescribed 1 tablet (400 mg) 1 time per day for 10 days.

"Streptocide" and other aminoglycosides

Among broad-spectrum antibiotics, aminoglycosides are a separate group. "Streptocide" and other drugs are known to a wide range of patients. They are appointed when various infections. In particular, “Streptotsid” allows you to quickly and effectively treat lacunar and follicular tonsillitis without the risk of developing intestinal dysbiosis. The bactericidal action of aminoglycosides is based on the principle of disruption of the protein shell of the bacterial cell, subsequently the synthesis of life-sustaining elements stops and the pathogenic microflora dies.
Currently, 4 generations of this group of antibacterial drugs are produced. The oldest of them, “Streptomycin,” is used as injections in combination treatment regimens for tuberculosis. The “Streptotsid” analogue can be injected into the trachea and into tuberculous cavities in the lung tissue.

"Gentamicin" in modern conditions Mainly used as an external agent. It is not effective when administered intramuscularly. Not available in tablets.

Amikacin is more popular for intramuscular administration. It does not cause the development of deafness, and does not negatively affect the auditory and visual nerves, as is observed with the administration of Gentamicin.

"Tetracycline" and "Levomycetin" - is it worth taking?

Among known drugs some occupy a worthy and honorable place in any home medicine cabinet. But it is important to understand whether it is worth taking drugs such as Levomycetin and tetracycline. Although more modern forms of data exist pharmacological agents, patients prefer to buy them “just in case”.

Broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotics are produced based on a four-ring structure. They have pronounced resistance to beta-lactamase. Has a detrimental effect on staphylococcal and streptococcal group, actinomycetes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae and many other microorganisms.

After absorption in the small intestine, tetracyclines bind to blood plasma proteins and are quickly transported to the site of accumulation of pathogenic microflora. Penetrates inside the bacterial cell and paralyzes all vital processes inside it. Absolute ineffectiveness was revealed for diseases formed under the influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is preferable to prescribe Doxycycline in capsules, 1 capsule 3 times a day. Not prescribed for children under 12 years of age. "Tetracycline" can be used as an effective external remedy in the form of eye and ear drops, ointments for skin and wound surfaces.

"Levomycetin" belongs to the group of amphenicols. These are outdated broad-spectrum antibiotics. Used in the treatment of a large number of inflammatory bacterial diseases. The most common use at home is against loose stool caused by food poisoning, salmonellosis and dysentery. And here you should strictly follow the dosage and recommended course of treatment. Prescribed 500 mg 4 times a day. The course of treatment cannot be less than 5 days in a row. Even skipping 1 single dose can create microflora resistance. In this case, it is necessary to immediately change the tactics of antibacterial therapy to avoid negative health consequences.

Antibiotics are a broad group of medicines, whose action is aimed at combating diseases infectious nature. In recent years, the list of these funds has undergone some changes. New generation broad-spectrum antibiotics have gained great popularity. There are modern drugs that are aimed at eliminating the pathogen certain disease. Medicines with narrowly targeted action are more preferable, since they do not affect the normal microflora.

How do new generation antibiotics work?

Medical professionals successfully use antibacterial agents due to the fact that the vital processes occurring in the cells of the human body differ from similar processes in a bacterial cell. These new generation drugs act selectively, affecting only the cell of the pathogenic microorganism, without affecting human ones. Classification occurs depending on the way in which they influence the vital activity of microorganisms.

Some drugs inhibit the synthesis of the outer cell membrane of the bacterium, which is absent in human body. These include cephalosporins, penicillin antibiotics, etc. Another group almost completely suppresses protein synthesis in bacterial cells. The latter include macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics. The list of broad-spectrum drugs is divided according to the principle of antibacterial activity. The instructions must indicate the area of activity of the tablets.

Some drugs have a broad spectrum of action, being effective against many bacteria, while others may have a narrow focus, targeting a specific group of bacteria. Why is this happening? The fact is that viruses and bacteria are characterized by different structure and functioning, so what kills bacteria does not affect viruses. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used when:

pathogens exhibit resistance to the influence of a highly targeted drug;
a superinfection has been identified, the culprits of which are several types of bacteria;
prevention of infections after surgical interventions is carried out;
treatment is prescribed based on clinical symptoms, that is, empirically. In this case, the specific pathogen is not identified. This is appropriate for common infections and dangerous fast-acting diseases.

Features of broad-spectrum antibiotics

New generation broad-spectrum drugs are universal means, which can fight otitis media, inflammation of the lymph nodes, colds, accompanying coughs, runny nose, etc. Whatever pathogen causes the disease, the remedies will defeat the microbe. Each newly developed medicine has a more advanced, improved effect against pathogenic microorganisms. The new generation of antibiotics is believed to cause minimal damage to the human body.

List of new generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action

The list of existing new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics includes many drugs, both cheap and more expensive. The most frequently used of all groups of drugs are penicillins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporins. They are available in the form of injection solutions, tablets, etc. New generation drugs are characterized by improved pharmacological actions when compared with older drugs. So the list is:

tetracycline group: “Tetracycline”;
penicillins: “Ampicillin”, “Amoxicillin”, “Ticarcyclin”, “Bilmitsin”;
fluoroquinolones: Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin;
carbapenems: “Meropenem”, “Imipenem”, “Ertapenem”;
amphenicols: "Chloramphenicol";
aminoglycosides: "Streptomycin".

Find out more about the drug amoxicillin - dosage for adults and children, instructions for use and contraindications.

Names of highly targeted strong antibiotics

New generation highly targeted drugs are used when the causative agent of the infection is precisely identified. Each drug acts on a specific group of pathogenic microorganisms. Unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics, they do not contribute to normal microflora intestines, do not suppress the immune system. Due to a deeper degree of purification of the active substance, the medicine has less toxicity.

Bronchitis

For bronchitis, in most cases, new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, but the choice of drug should be based on the results of laboratory testing of sputum. The best medicine is considered to be the one that has a detrimental effect directly on the bacterium that caused the disease. This approach is explained by the fact that the study takes from 3 to 5 days, and bronchitis must be treated as early as possible to avoid complications. The following antibacterial drugs are often prescribed:

Macrolides - prescribed for individual intolerance to penicillin. Clarithromycin and Erythromycin are widely used.
Penicillin has been used in medicine for a long time, and therefore some microorganisms have developed resistance to active substance. Therefore, the drugs were enhanced with additives that block the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms in order to reduce the activity of penicillin. The most effective are Amoxiclav, Panklav, and Augmentin.
Fluoroquinolones – used to treat chronic bronchitis during the period of exacerbation. Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Ciprofloxacin are characterized by great effectiveness.
Cephalosporins are prescribed in case of obstructive forms of the disease. Modern antibiotics include Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone.

Sinusitis

For sinusitis, new generation antibiotics such as cephalosporins and macrolides are used. These are the most effective medicines for sinusitis, which are used when penicillin does not result in positive treatment dynamics. Modern antibiotics “Cefuroxin”, “Cecefoxitin”, “Cefachlor”, “Cefotaxime”, “Cefexime” are similar in structure penicillin drugs, but are capable of inhibiting the development and completely destroying bacteria. Macrolides such as Macropen and Azithromycin show high effectiveness in severe cases. Find out how to choose an antibiotic for sinusitis.

Angina

Until recently, oral penicillin antibiotics were used to treat sore throat because they showed the best results. But recent pharmacological studies have shown that new generation cephalosporins are more effective in the treatment of bacterial oropharyngeal infections. Their action is based on inhibition of bacterial cell membrane synthesis, and they are more resistant to microbial enzymes aimed at destroying the active substance.

The drug "Cefalexin", which is characterized by a high degree of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, has effective indicators. Macrolides are considered the safest antibiotics for the treatment of tonsillar pathologies. When using them, no operational problems are observed digestive tract, as well as toxic reactions from the central nervous system. Macrolides include: Spiramycin, Leukomycin, Erythromycin, Aziromycin, Clarithromycin, Dirithromycin, Indian Azithral.

Colds and flu

For colds and flu, the following imported and domestic new generation antibiotics show high effectiveness:

“Sumamed” belongs to a number of macrolides. In the treatment of complicated colds, it is considered an alternative second-line drug. It has a wide antibacterial spectrum, rarely causes intestinal and stomach disorders, and is effective for seven days from taking the last tablet. Cannot be used for children.
Cefaclor is a second-generation antibiotic that shows high activity against most respiratory infections.
“Cefamandol” is the second generation of cephalosporins, a broad-spectrum antibiotic in injections, characterized by a powerful bactericidal effect, produced in ampoules, and administered intramuscularly.
"Rulid" is a macrolide antibiotic, has narrow spectrum antibacterial action, limited to pathogens of inflammatory processes in the ENT organs and respiratory infections.
"Clarithromycin" is a semi-synthetic macrolide in capsules that has antibacterial activity against most pathogenic microorganisms.
"Avelox" is a strong tablet antibiotic of the latest generation of fluoroquinolones, which has a rapid bactericidal effect.

Learn how to choose flu medications for children and adults.

Cystitis

Previously, Furadonin, Biseptol, and 5-Nok were traditionally used to treat cystitis. However, they have been replaced by a new generation of antibiotics, stronger and more effective. Modern medications allow you to improve your condition on the first day and quickly recover from the disease:

"Unidox Solutab" - effectively fights cystitis and has a prolonged effect. Taken once a day.
"Monural" - antibiotic long acting, accumulates in urine and quickly destroys bacteria. Thanks to the ability to maintain therapeutic concentration for a long time, it allows short course treatment.
“Norbactin” is prescribed less frequently than the previous two, since it needs to be taken twice a day and drink a lot of liquid, which is not always comfortable for the patient.

Antifungal drugs in tablets

Before appointment antifungal drugs the pathogen should be identified, since each type has its own effective remedy and dosage. Modern drugs are divided by generations: if the first ones were effective against some fungi, then the next ones were created taking into account many types of fungal infections:

First generation polyene antibiotics - Levorin, Nystatin, Amphotericin B. Used for the treatment of dermatomycosis and thrush in gynecology.
Second generation antibacterial agents - “Ketoconazole”, “Clotrimazole”, “Miconazole” for infections of the genitourinary system.
Third generation - “Terbinafine”, “Antraconazole”, “Naftifin”, “Fluconazole”.
Fourth generation broad-spectrum antibiotics - Posaconazole, Voriconazole, Ravuconazole, Caspofungin.

Antibiotics for eyes

In recent years, a number of effective means topical antibacterial therapy, such as eye drops, and systemic use. The latter include "Maxaquin", which is used to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis and bacterial keratitis. For local use new ones are used eye ointments with a broad-spectrum antibiotic and drops “Tobrex”, “Okacin”, “Vitabakt”, “Eubetal”, “Kolbiotsin”.

Pneumonia

For pneumonia, new generation antibiotics show a persistent bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect against streptococci, staphylococci, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, coliform bacteria and other microorganisms:

In the case of a predominance of gram-negative bacteria, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Ceftriaxone are prescribed.
When gram-positive cocci predominate, Cefuroxime, Cefazolin, and Cefoxin are prescribed.
For an atypical course of the disease - Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Midekamicin, Ceftazidime.
If fungal infection predominates, fluconazole and third-generation cephalosporins are prescribed for adults.
Anaerobic infection - "Lincomycin", "Metronidazole", "Clindamycin".
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia - “Acyclovir”, “Ganciclovir”, “Cytotect”.
Pneumocystis pneumonia - macrolides and Cotrimoxazole.

Learn more about how to choose antibiotics for pneumonia.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Antibiotics help cope with most diseases. Many people do not like them, considering the drugs to be dangerous to health (“they treat one, the other cripple”). But it’s hard to argue with the fact that these drugs stopped more than one epidemic. Moreover, due to their wide range of uses, people are less likely to die from infectious diseases. As a result, people's life expectancy has increased significantly.

There is just one problem: viruses and bacteria can mutate and adapt to antibiotics (this property is called antibiotic resistance - the developed immunity of microorganisms to the action of a drug). This is why antibiotics, invented decades ago and considered almost a panacea for all infections, are now poorly effective in treating most diseases.

Scientists are forced to improve medicines, that is, to produce a new generation of drugs. Currently, there are four generations of widely used antibiotics. In this article we will compile a list of the most popular modern drugs of the new generation, analyze their main characteristics, indications, contraindications and prices.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are drugs with universal action, prescribed to combat a large number of pathogens (including those with an unknown source of infection). Unfortunately, such versatility is weak side: there is a possibility that antibiotics will begin to fight against beneficial microflora (for example, if a symbiotic intestinal flora, then dysbacteriosis occurs). This is why, after treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is necessary to restore normal level beneficial bacteria.

New generation drugs are universal and can act on a large number of pathogenic microbes.

The new generation of antibiotics are more effective than their predecessors because bacteria have not yet had time to adapt to them. Besides:

new generation antibiotics are considered safer (they have fewer side effects and are not so severe);
New generation antibiotics are easy to use - first generation drugs had to be taken 3-4 times a day, while modern antibiotics are enough to be taken 1-2 times;
new generation antibiotics are produced in different forms Oh. There are even medications in the form of syrups and patches.

What are the most powerful remedies?

Having studied the reviews of doctors and patients, we can identify the most common broad-spectrum antibiotics from the latest generation. We get this list:

Now let's look at each medicine on this list in a little more detail.

Sumamed

Broad-spectrum antibiotics from the list of new generation macrolides. They act due to azithromycin (in one capsule - 250 ml of the substance).

Sumamed is especially effective in combating infections affecting the respiratory tract (sore throat, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), skin and soft tissues, genitourinary system(for example, prostatitis) and gastrointestinal tract (including intestinal infections). Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to macrolides, as well as liver and kidney diseases. Has mild side effects, which distinguishes Sumamed from other broad-spectrum antibiotics. Take one tablet per day for 3 days (the course can then be extended by a doctor).

The price of Sumemd depends on the form of release and packaging: 250 mg capsules, 6 pieces - from 320 rubles; 6 tablets 125 mg - from 290 rubles; 6 tablets 500 mg - from 377 rub.

Cefamandole

Packaging of the drug.

A drug from the group of cephalosporins of the latest generation. Rarely causes an adaptive reaction in microorganisms, therefore it effectively fights gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasmas, legionella, salmonella, and sexually transmitted pathogens. Often prescribed for colds and intestinal infections. Can be used as an alternative to cephalosporin if resistance to the latter is observed. Effective for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications. One of the disadvantages of the drug is its high price.

Unidox Solutab

Broad-spectrum antibiotic from the list of new generation tetracyclines. Active substance Contains doxycycline. Available in the form of 100 mg tablets (10 tablets per package).

Effective in the fight against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, protozoa, anaerobes, and atypical pathogens. Most often prescribed for the treatment of colds, intestinal infections, and prostatitis. Almost does not cause dysbacteriosis. Dosage for adults: 200 mg (2 tablets) once or twice a day. The price of the drug is approximately 280 rubles. per package.

Rulid

Fourth generation antibiotic from the list of macrolides. Base substance- roxithromycin. Available in the form of tablets with a dosage of 150 mg. One time is enough daily intake drug. Most often prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections, urogenital diseases (for example, prostatitis), intestinal, and ondotological infections. Not recommended for use when renal failure. It is quite expensive - from 800 rubles. for 10 pieces.

Amoksiklav

Fourth generation antibiotic packaging.

New generation antibiotic from the list pharmacological group aminopenicillins. It has a wide spectrum of action, resistance to the action of beta-lactamase strains. Possesses soft action, therefore it is used for both treatment and prevention. Unlike many fourth-generation antibiotics, it can be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women. Manufactured by Lek Pharma and Lek D.D. Available in powder form for intravenous administration, powder for oral administration, tablets. The price of powders for injections is from 200 rubles, powders taken orally are from 60 rubles, tablets 375 mg are from 224 rubles.

Lincomycin

Widely used in dentistry.

One of the most affordable broad-spectrum antibiotics. Sold in the form of ampoules for intravenous and intramuscular administration and in the form of capsules. The selective bacteriostatic effect allows its use in cases where other drugs are ineffective due to developed resistance. True, this same quality does not allow Lincomycin to be prescribed as a first-line drug. It is quite toxic and has a list of a large number of side effects and contraindications that you should familiarize yourself with before taking the medicine. The cost of ampoules with solution is from 68 rubles. for 10 pieces; cost of capsules - from 73 rubles.

Cefoperazone

Prices for antibiotics in pharmacies for different forms and dosages range from 110 to 370 rubles. It has wide list Applications: respiratory, urinary tract infections, skin and intestinal infections, pelvic inflammation, prostatitis, prevention after abdominal, gynecological and orthopedic surgeries. Belongs to the group of cephalosporins. Twice daily administration is sufficient. As a rule, it is well tolerated, side effects are rare. Unfortunately, it is available only in the form of an injection solution. Price - from 115 rub.

Cefotaxime

Antibiotic of the new generation cephalosporin group. Considered one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for most infectious and inflammatory diseases(colds, intestinal, urological, gynecological, prostatitis, etc.). This prevalence is due to the broad spectrum of action of the antibiotic, affordable price, low toxicity, minimal effect on beneficial bacteria. Can be used for treatment and prevention (for example, in postoperative period). Available only in the form of a solution for injection.

Cefixime

Another name for the antibiotic is Pancef. Available only in the form of capsules and tablets taken orally. Acts bactericidal (prevents the synthesis of cell walls of pathogens). It has a wide spectrum of action (kills intestinal infections, treats colds, prostatitis, and is used after operations). Unfortunately, this new generation antibiotic has a fairly strong toxic effect on the kidneys and liver, so it is not recommended for use in diseases of these organs. Price - from 397 rub.

Avelox

Very strong antibiotic the latest generation from the group of fluoroquinolones. It is a modern analogue of Moxifloxcin. Effective against many known bacterial and atypical pathogens. Virtually no effect negative influence on the kidneys and stomach. Such antibiotics can be used as children's medicines, so they are not prescribed in pediatrics. They are quite expensive - from 750 rubles. for 5 pcs.

How to choose

Naturally, it is not enough to familiarize yourself with the list of new generation antibiotics. I would like to say which broad-spectrum antibiotics are the safest and most effective. Unfortunately, it is impossible to single out a specific drug, since each antibiotic has its own characteristics and in each specific case different drugs will be more effective. This is why you should not prescribe drugs for treatment and prevention on your own if you do not have medical education. For intestinal infections, prostatitis, sore throat or otitis media will be prescribed various antibiotics. It is better to trust a specialist who prescribes medicine based on the diagnosis, stage of the disease, concomitant diseases, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient.