home Drugs What pills for hormones? Which tablets to choose. Features of the effects of hormonal drugs

What pills for hormones? Which tablets to choose. Features of the effects of hormonal drugs

Hormonal drugs are medications containing hormones or substances that exhibit effects similar to hormonal ones. Natural hormonal medications obtained from the glands, blood and urine of animals, as well as from human blood and urine.

Synthetic hormones are produced in pharmacological workshops and laboratories. They can be either structural analogues true hormones, or differ from them in chemical structure, but exhibit a similar effect.

Around hormonal pills for various purposes, almost the most a large number of threatening myths: patients are afraid of infertility, weight gain, excess body hair growth, loss of potency. The list of negative ones is scary and alarming.

How true are the myths, and what types of hormonal therapy are there?

Hormonal drugs are classified depending on their origin (producing gland) and purpose. Based on their origin, medications are divided into:

adrenal hormones (cortisol, adrenaline, glucocorticoids, androgens);
pancreatic preparations (insulin);
pituitary hormones (TSH, human gonadotropins, oxytocin, vasopressin, etc.);
thyroid and parathyroid hormones;
sex hormones (estrogens, androgens, etc.).

Human hormones regulate metabolism in the body. However, if the functioning of one of the organs of the endocrine system is disrupted, the perfectly adjusted mechanism of correction and interaction may fail, which will have to be corrected by introducing synthetic analogs of hormones.

According to their intended purpose, hormonal drugs are divided into:

synthetic substances for replacement therapy (sodium levothyroxine, insulin, estrogens);
hormonal contraception (synthetic analogues of estrogen and progesterone);
hormonal agents that inhibit the production of hormones (for example, therapy with pituitary hormone analogues for prostate cancer);
symptomatic medications (anti-inflammatory, antiallergic drugs).

Hormonal drugs often also include antidiabetic and other non-hormonal drugs.

What is treated with hormonal medications?

Hormone-based medications are used for both chronic and treatable conditions. You cannot do without the help of hormonal drugs when:

hypothyroidism;
hyperthyroidism;
diabetes mellitus type 1, sometimes type 2;
hormone-dependent tumors of the reproductive system;
prostate cancer;
asthma and other diseases associated with the immune response to allergens (including allergic rhinitis);
endometriosis;
hormonal imbalances;
menopause;
sleep disorders;
other diseases associated with hypofunction of the glands.

Inflammation and allergic manifestations treated with glucocorticoids. Drugs based on them - Prednisolone, Metipred, Dexamethasone - reduce inflammation and suppress leukocyte function.

They can be used both internally (if systemic action is necessary) and externally (for hemorrhoids, thrombophlebitis, dermatological diseases, allergic rhinitis). When used externally, they are practically not absorbed into the main bloodstream and do not have a negative effect on the body.

Even if the cause of inflammation is unknown, adrenal hormones help relieve swelling, pain and redness. Hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the vital drugs.

Vasopressin and epinephrine may be administered along with anesthetics. Due to their property of constricting blood vessels, these hormones are actively used in anesthesia (including local).

Melatonin also belongs to hormonal drugs. This substance, produced in, has an anti-stress effect, regulates circadian rhythms, affects metabolism, slows down the processes of aging and weight gain, and also stimulates the production of antibodies to infectious agents and tumor cells.

What is hormone replacement therapy?

At chronic conditions associated with dysfunction of the glands or their partial removal, medications with synthetic and natural hormones provide high quality and the patient's life expectancy.

There are several types of hormone replacement therapy:

treatment with synthetic thyroid hormones;
insulin therapy;
taking analogues of sex hormones.

Deficiency and excess of thyroxine and triiodothyronine are fraught with disturbances in mood, sleep, dry skin, problems with memory and performance, proliferation of glandular tissue and other unpleasant symptoms.

Clinical hypothyroidism is most often associated with diseases and tumors of the thyroid gland, therefore replacement therapy with iodine-containing hormone analogues is prescribed for life.

Substitution therapy uses drugs such as:

"Euthirox";
“L-thyroxine” (one of the Russian or German brands).

Treatment of hyperthyroidism has a somewhat more complex scheme: to reduce the synthesis of one’s own iodine-containing hormones, thyreostatics are used, and in particularly difficult cases, removal of part of the gland or radioiodine therapy is justified. Then normal level triiodothyronine and is restored using their synthetic analogues.

Insulin is a hormone of β-cells of the pancreas, the main task of which is to reduce blood glucose levels by regulating its entry into cells and stimulating the conversion of monosaccharides into glycogen.

Impaired functionality of the cells that secrete this hormone is called type 1 diabetes. Patients with such pathology are necessarily prescribed replacement therapy with the drugs “Humodar”, “Apidra”, “Novorapid”, “Actrapid”, “Humulin”, “Insulin Lente”, etc.

For type 2 diabetes, which is associated with impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin, hormone administration may also be prescribed.

Finally, female hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is a pharmacological replacement of the function of the sex glands (ovaries) lost during their removal or menopause. The most commonly used drugs are:

During treatment, androgens, estrogens and gestagens can be used (mainly the last two subtypes of hormones are used in the drugs).

Oral contraception

Oral contraceptives - the most famous hormonal pills for women. The action of OCs is based on their ability to prevent ovulation (the maturation of the egg and its release from the follicle). Synthetic hormones thicken the mucus on the cervix, which complicates the movement of sperm, and also thin the uterine lining (endometrium), which prevents the fertilized egg from firmly attaching.

The triple mechanism of action of hormones reliably protects the patient from unwanted pregnancy: the Pearl index for oral contraceptives(the percentage of pregnancies occurring while taking OCs) does not exceed 1%.

When using oral contraceptives, menstrual bleeding does not stop, but becomes more regular, less heavy and painful. A certain regimen of hormones allows, if necessary, to delay the onset of menstruation.

Modern contraceptives are classified into three categories:

Single-component preparations (Continuin, Micronor, Charozetta, Exluton).
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs). COCs are the most reliable means. They contain synthetic estrogen () and progestogen (levonorgestrel, desogestrel, norgestrel, etc.).
Postcoital (emergency) hormonal tablets (Postinor, Escapelle). Emergency contraceptives contain an increased dose of hormones, but have lower efficiency.

The dosages of active hormones in modern contraceptives are much lower than in drugs of the last century, therefore side effects taking estrogen do not manifest themselves or manifest themselves only slightly.

Combined hormonal contraceptives

COCs are divided into mono-, two- and three-phase. Single-phase COC tablets contain a strictly defined amount of hormones, which does not change during the cycle. Multiphase agents are designed to be more physiological: dosages of active ingredients in tablets for different days cycles are not the same.

Three-phase COCs (with three types of tablets changing per cycle) are often recommended by doctors, but two-phase drugs are practically not used.

Combined contraceptives:

A drug	Active substance	Manufacturer country
Monophasic COCs
Microgynon		Germany
Miniziston		Germany
Regividon		Hungary
Novinet	Ethinyl estradiol, desogestrel	Hungary
Mercilon		Netherlands
Regulon		Hungary
Marvelon		Netherlands
Jess	Drospirenone, ethinyl estradiol	Germany
Dimia		Hungary
Yarina		Germany
Logest	Ethinyl estradiol, gestodene	Germany
Lindinet 30	Ethinyl estradiol, gestodene	Hungary
Diana-35	Ethinyl estradiol, cyproterone acetate	Germany
Three-phase COCs
Tri-regol	Levonorgestrel, ethinyl estradiol	Hungary
Triquilar		Germany
Triziston		Germany

Different dosages of the active substance (levonorgestrel) allow you to adapt to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle and ensure high degree protection against unplanned pregnancy at low concentrations.

Hormonal products for men

Male hormonal drugs are classified into drugs for gaining muscle mass, drugs for suppressing pathological process and hormone replacement therapy.

In practice, hormones from the adrenal glands (in particular testosterone), pancreas (insulin) and the anterior pituitary gland (somatropin or growth hormone) are actively used. They are used to form muscle relief, accelerate weight gain and burn fat. Taking hormonal drugs without a doctor's prescription has a number of negative consequences, including organ damage excretory system and possible gynecomastia (swelling mammary glands) due to the conversion of excess testosterone into the female hormone estrogen.

For medical purposes, hormonal drugs are used for hormone-dependent tumors (for example, prostate cancer). Injections with analogues pituitary hormones sharply reduce the production of testosterone, which accelerates growth malignant neoplasm. This procedure is called "medical castration." The introduction of hormones makes it possible to slow down the development of the tumor and resort to more radical methods treatment. Despite the threatening name, patients should not fear that the procedure is irreversible: some time after the end of treatment, erectile function and normal testosterone levels are restored.

Male hormone replacement therapy can be used both when the gland that produces them is completely removed, or when its functionality is reduced. After 40-45 years, the level of testosterone in a man’s blood begins to decline, which leads to problems in the sexual sphere. To restore potency, the following drugs are used:

"Testosterone Undecanoate" and "Andriol" (tablets with one active substance– testosterone undecanoate);
"Sustanon" (injection solution with four active ingredients - esters - decanoate, isocaproate, phenylpropionate and);
"Nebido" (injectable oil solution of testosterone undecanoate);
“Androgel” (a product for external use, the active ingredient is testosterone).

After complete removal testicles (due to a tumor of the prostate or gonad), replacement therapy is mandatory.

Attitudes towards hormonal drugs among people who are unfamiliar with medical reference books, predictably biased. Many drugs in this group have strong and a number of contraindications - for example, with long-term use of Prednisolone, rapid weight gain occurs, the face of a patient receiving premedication with this drug swells.

However, this is not a reason to refuse any product containing hormones, including effective birth control pills. When performing several simple rules the risk of complications from taking hormonal drugs is minimized.

Rules for taking hormonal drugs (GP):

You cannot take GP without a prescription from your attending physician (endocrinologist or gynecologist). Particularly dangerous when self-prescribed are drugs that are classified as synthetic analogues of adrenal hormones.
Before prescribing hormonal treatment to a patient or patient, the specialist must carefully examine the medical history, the results of blood tests for the concentration of sex hormones and biochemical indicators, the results of pelvic ultrasound, mammography, cytological smear. It is necessary to inform your doctor about existing chronic diseases: some of them are contraindications to taking COCs and other synthetic drugs.
You should inform your doctor about any changes in your health status.
Having missed a dose of the drug, it is strictly forbidden to “compensate” for negligence with a double dose of the drug at the next dose.
It is necessary to take hormone tablets strictly at the same time with minimal errors. Some medications (for example, L-thyroxine) are taken in the morning, on an empty stomach.
The duration of the course and dosage (including its changes during treatment) are determined by the attending physician.

The effectiveness and safety of hormonal treatment depends on the competence of the endocrinologist, the interaction of the doctor with the patient and strict adherence to the rules for taking medications.

In this article we will look at 2 “sides of the coin” - positive sides taking oral contraceptives and potential health hazards:

at the beginning of the article we will consider the classification, contraindications, side effects and all the positive aspects of taking hormonal contraception
then about the potential risk of developing long-term consequences of taking such drugs even by a healthy woman.

With this we want to draw the attention of women to a longer-term prognosis of their health and think about the fact that any intervention in natural processes V female body is fraught with consequences - for some insignificant, barely noticeable, for others much more serious, even tragic.

In no case do we encourage you to refuse medications prescribed by your doctor; the article is for informational purposes and the decision to take oral contraceptives is made by a woman after consultation and examination with a gynecologist. But every woman should know about possible risks to which she is exposed when long-term use oral contraception.

Groups of birth control pills, names and their effects

Despite the fairly rich assortment of contraceptives available in pharmacies, hormonal birth control pills occupy a leading position today (and bring their manufacturers billions of dollars a year). Unfortunately, not everyone knows about contraindications to their use, side effects, rules for taking pills, that their use should not be long and the choice of oral contraceptives should be made only by a doctor after a thorough diagnosis and collection of the patient’s medical history.

All contraceptive hormonal pills are divided into two “companies”: combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and mini-pills.

Monophasic tablets In these tablets, the percentage of estrogen and progestogen components does not change in each tablet.
Desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol: Regulon (400-1100 rubles) prices 2018.	Ethinyl estradiol and dienogest: Janine (price 1000 rubles) Silhouette (price about 680 rubles)	Gestodene and ethinyl estradiol: Lindinet (380-500 rub.), Logest (800 rubles), Femoden (950 rubles)
Rigevidon (price 280 rubles)	Microgynon (380 rubles)	Miniziston (450 RUR)
Biphasic drugs In them, the dose of estrogen is the same in all tablets, and the dose of gestagen changes in the 1st and 2nd periods of the menstrual cycle.

Femoston Dydrogesterone + Estradiol (900 rubles).	(Ethinyl estradiol + Levonorgestrel): Anteovin, Binordiol, Sequularum, Adepal, Sequilar, Biphasil	Binovum (Ethinyl estradiol + Norethisterone) Neo-Eunomin (Ethinyl estradiol + Chlormadinone acetate)
Triphasic tablets In the OK data, the doses of hormones change three times in one package, which is associated with changing periods of the menstrual process.
Tri-Regol (280 rubles)	Three merci (120 rubles)	Triziston

The main point in the mechanism of action of COCs is the blocking of ovulation, caused by inhibition of the formation of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland. At the same time, ovarian function and a local obstruction to ovulation are blocked. In addition, “glandular regression” occurs in the structure of the uterine mucosa, which makes implantation of a fertilized egg impossible. Changes also occur in the mucus of the cervical canal; it thickens, which disrupts the movement of sperm deeper into the uterus.

COCs are also divided into 3 groups based on the quantitative content of active components:

Microdosed OK

The dose of hormones in these tablets is minimal, so they are ideal for young women under 25 years old, and, in addition, for those who are faced with the need to take it for the first time birth control pills. Examples of drugs: Zoeli (monophasic), Qlaira (3-phase) and other monophasic drugs - Jess, Dimia, Logest, Mercilon, Miniziston, Lindinet, Novinet.

Low-dose OK

Such tablets are recommended for young and mature representatives of the fairer sex, including those who have gone through childbirth, or are prescribed to those patients who experience intermenstrual spotting when using microdosed drugs. According to manufacturer research, a group of low-dose tablets has an antiandrogenic effect (hair growth in uncharacteristic places decreases, acne and increased greasiness skin, decreases). The list of birth control pills includes: Diane, Yarina (Midiana), Femoden, Siluet, Janine, Tri-mercy, Lindinet, Silest, Miniziston, Regulon, Marvelon, Microgynon, Rigevidon, Belara, Chloe, Demoulen.

High-dose OK

The dose of hormones in these contraceptive pills is quite high, so they are prescribed either for the purpose of treatment (for example, endometriosis) or at the stage of treatment of hormonal disorders (Non-ovlon, Triquilar, Ovidon, Trizeston, Tri-regol) only as prescribed by a doctor.

We can say about mini-pills that they contain only progestogen. The mechanism of their action lies in the local effect on the peripheral areas of the reproductive system. Firstly, mini-pills affect the composition of cervical mucus and its quantity. So, in the middle of the cycle, its volume decreases, but the viscosity of the mucus remains high in any phase of the menstrual cycle, which interferes with the free movement of sperm. Changes also occur in the morphological and biochemical structures of the endometrium, which create “poor” conditions for implantation. In about half of women, ovulation is blocked. Mini-pills include: linestrenol (Exluton, Microlut, Orgametril), desogestrel (Lactinet, Charozetta).


Charozetta (1300 rubles) desogestrel	Lactinet (600 -700 rubles) desogestrel	Orgametril (RUR 3,300) linestrenol	Exluton (RUB 3,300) linestrenol

How to choose good birth control pills

Which birth control pills are good, the best, you can’t figure this out on your own, much less buy them at the pharmacy on the recommendation of friends or a pharmacist. To find the best birth control pills, you need to visit your doctor. The gynecologist will collect an anamnesis, focusing specifically on family history, existing diseases or those suffered in the past, since all of the above may be a contraindication to the use of hormonal contraceptives.

After this, the doctor will conduct an examination, during which he will evaluate:

skin (telangioexaia, petechiae, signs of hyperandrogenism, presence/absence of hypertrichosis, etc.)
measures weight and blood pressure
palpates the mammary glands
will prescribe tests for liver enzymes, blood sugar, blood coagulation system, hormonal tests, ultrasound of the mammary glands, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, and, if necessary, mammography
then conduct a gynecological examination with taking smears
A woman should also visit an ophthalmologist, since long-term use of OCs increases the risk of developing other eye diseases.

To prescribe tablets that are most favorable for a given patient, her constitutional and biological type is taken into account, which takes into account:

height, appearance
mammary gland
pubic hair
skin, hair
menstruation and premenstrual symptoms
cycle irregularities or absence of menstruation
as well as existing chronic diseases

There are 3 phenotypes:

Prevalence of estrogens

Women of short or medium height, very feminine in appearance, skin and hair tend to be dry, menstruation with significant blood loss and long, and the cycle is more than four weeks. Medium and high-dose COCs are suitable for patients with this phenotype: Rigevidon, Milvane, Triziston and others.


Milvane (ethinyl estradiol and gestodene): Logest (720 rubles) Femoden (600-650 rubles) Lindinet (average price 320 rubles)	Rigevidon (price 180 rubles), Microgynon (320 rubles), Miniziston (370 rubles) Tri-regol (200 rubles), Triquilar (530 rubles), Triziston

Balanced type

Women are of average height, feminine, medium-sized and developed mammary glands, normal oily skin and hair, no premenstrual signs, menstruation 5 days every 4 weeks. Second generation drugs are recommended for such women: Marvelon, Silest, Lindinet-30, Microgynon, Femoden and others.


Ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel: Marvelon (630 rubles), Novinet (330 rubles), Regulon (280-320), Tri-mercy (650rub) Mercilon (630 RUR)	Ethinyl estradiol and Norgestimate: Silest	Eethinyl estradiol and gestodene (Milvane): Lindinet (280-350 rub.), Logest (720 rubles), Femoden (600-650 rub.)	Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel: Rigevidon (180rub), Tri-regol (200rub) Microgynon (320r), Miniziston (370rub) Trikvilar (530r), Triziston

Prevalence of gestagens/androgens

Women are tall, have a “boyish” appearance, the mammary glands are underdeveloped, skin and hair high fat content, depression on the eve of menstruation and abdominal pain, in lumbar region, menstruation is scanty, less than 5 days, cycle is short, less than 28 days. In this case, the doctor will recommend hormonal drugs with an antiandrogenic component: Diane-35, Janine, Yarina, Jess.


Yarina (price 800 rubles)	Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone: Jess (820 RUR)	Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone: Dimia (550 RUR)	Nomegestrol and Estradiol Zoely (1000 rubles)


Ethinyl estradiol and dienogest: Janine (800 rubles), Silhouette (400 rubles)		Ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone: Diana 35 (820 rubles), Chloe 35 (450 rubles), Erica 35 (360 rubles)

How to take hormonal oral contraceptives correctly

Standard blisters with COCs contain 21 tablets. There are only a few exceptions, for example, Jess - a new generation of birth control pills, which contain 24 tablets and are often prescribed by gynecologists to young women. For women over 35 years of age, the doctor may recommend Qlaira tablets, a new generation of oral contraceptives containing 28 tablets.

How to take birth control pills:

You should take the pills every day, at approximately the same hour, starting on the first day of menstruation.
In order not to forget about taking the next pill, it is better to put them in a place where a woman looks every day (in her cosmetic bag, to her toothbrush, or attach it to the refrigerator with a magnet).
Take one tablet every day until the blister runs out.
Then you need to take a break for a week.
During this time period, menstrual-like bleeding will begin.
At the end of 7 days, start taking COCs again, regardless of whether menstruation has ended or not.
In case of vomiting, you must take an extra pill.
If you miss taking a pill, you need to take it as quickly as possible.
In these two cases, you need to take additional protection during the day.
At the very beginning of taking COCs, if they have not been used before, you should additionally use protection for the first 14 days.
Intermenstrual bleeding is not considered a reason to stop taking pills (see)
They are usually observed in the first 2–3 months, and indicate a reconfiguration of the body from hormones that are synthesized in the ovaries and pituitary gland to hormones coming from outside.

Taking hormonal combination drugs after a medical termination of pregnancy, it should begin either on the day ) or a month later, when the first menstruation begins.

The contraceptive effect of hormonal drugs may decrease when used simultaneously with a number of drugs, for example, rifampicin (it stimulates the activity of liver enzymes). Therefore, when prescribing treatment for any disease, inform your doctor about taking oral contraceptives, and carefully study the instructions for use of the drugs prescribed to you. In case of appointment medicines that reduce the effect of COCs, additionally use other methods of protection (condoms).

A standard mini-pill blister contains 28 tablets. These tablets are taken without a break for 7 days, just like COCs, at the same hour. Mini-pills are suitable for women who are breastfeeding breast milk. If a woman does not lactate or prefers artificial feeding, then low-dose COCs (Belara, Miniziston, Regulon and others) are recommended for her. You can start taking COCs as early as 21–28 days after delivery.

It is worth knowing that the contraceptive effect begins to manifest itself after 2 weeks of taking the pills, and 100% effect and reliability of such a contraceptive method as OK occurs in the second month of taking the drugs. Ovarian blockade begins as soon as hormones begin to flow from outside, but the maximum guarantee comes after a month’s course of their use.

Side effects of birth control drugs

Side effects are signs or conditions that develop when using contraceptives, but do not threaten women’s health. They are divided into 2 groups:

Minor side effects:

headaches;
bleeding between periods;
soreness and swelling of the mammary glands;
nausea;
lack of appetite;
absence of menstruation;
dizziness, weight gain, increased gas formation, skin rashes, chloasma;
increased hair growth;
decreased sex drive

Serious side effects:

pain and swelling calf muscle On the one side;
sharp pain behind the sternum;
migraine, hemicrania;
difficulty breathing, moist cough mucus streaked with phlegm;
tendency to faint;
loss of visual fields;
problems with speech (difficulty);
sudden jumps in blood pressure;
urticaria as an allergic reaction to a drug (see)

In case of serious, as well as persistent minor side effects, contraception is discontinued.

Regardless of the chosen OC, a woman needs periodic assessment of her health in connection with possible side effects from taking them, namely:

Blood pressure: measure once every 6 months
Physical examination (breast, liver palpation, gynecological examination), urine test: 1 r/year
Monthly breast self-examination.

It's no secret that in many developing countries carrying out regular checkups unlikely, and there are programs (in some countries) to distribute OCs to women who do not have access to medical care. This indicates high probability that OCs will be used by high-risk groups of women. Consequently, it will be more difficult for such women to obtain medical care in case of dangerous side effects.

Absolute contraindications to oral contraceptives

Diseases for which the use of oral contraceptives is not advisable: (congenital hyperbilirubinemia), bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, sarcoidosis, retinitis pigmentosa, thalassemia, renal dialysis.

Absolute contraindications to combined OCs:

breastfeeding period;
less than 1.5 months after delivery;
existing and possible pregnancy;
pathology of the cardiovascular system;
pathological changes in cerebral vessels;
pathology of the liver and tumors of this organ;
migraine of unknown origin;
bleeding from the genital tract of unknown origin;
hypertension 2A – 3 degrees, kidney pathology;
gestational herpes;
cancer of the genital organs and endocrine glands;
prolonged immobility;
4 weeks before surgery;
overweight (from 30%);
smoking at 35 years of age and later;
long-term or progressive diabetes mellitus
diseases that predispose to thrombosis.

Absolute contraindications to taking pure progestins:

actual or suspected pregnancy;
malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands;
acute liver diseases;
bleeding from the genital tract of unknown origin;
problems of the cardiovascular system;
presence in the past ectopic pregnancy;
genital cancer.

At the end of the article there is a video of a TV show detailing the dangers of using OCs by any woman, since even in the absence of the contraindications listed above (the woman and the doctor may not be aware of them), it would seem healthy woman risk of development pulmonary thromboembolism, the development of oncology is extremely high.

Hormonal contraceptives and possible pregnancy

Can you get pregnant while taking birth control?

This question worries many women. Of course, pregnancy while using hormonal oral contraceptives is not excluded, but its likelihood is too low.

First of all, an unwanted pregnancy occurs when the rules for taking pills are violated (missing, irregular, different time intake, the expiration date of the drug has expired).
You should also take into account possible vomiting in case of poisoning or joint reception with agents that reduce the contraceptive effect of hormonal pills.

Is it possible to take contraceptives when pregnancy has already occurred or is suspected?

The answer to this question is negative. If pregnancy occurs after taking contraceptive drugs, it is desired, then there are no indications for its termination (interruption). You just need to stop taking the pills right away.

Taking hormonal pills in late childbearing years

Currently, in economically developed countries, about half of married couples after 40 years of age prefer sterilization. Hormonal medications include COCs or mini-pills. Women who are over the age of 35 should stop using hormones if they have existing cardiovascular pathology, coupled with smoking, and a high risk of cancer. A good alternative for women after 40-45 years of age are mini-pills. These drugs are indicated for uterine fibroids, endometriotic inclusions and endometrial hyperplasia.

Emergency and non-hormonal contraception

Emergency contraception

If sexual intercourse occurs without the use of means that protect against pregnancy, emergency (fire) contraception is performed. One of the well-known and widely used drugs is Postinor, Escapelle. You can take Postinor no later than 72 hours after coitus without using contraceptives.

First you need to take one tablet, and after 12 hours the second one is taken. But you can also use COCs for fire contraception. The only condition is that one tablet must contain at least 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.25 mg of levonorgestrel. First, you should take 2 tablets as soon as possible after coitus, and repeat 2 more tablets after 12 hours.

These drugs can only be used in emergency cases (rape, damage to the condom), WHO does not recommend their use more than 4 times a year, but in Russia they are popular and used by women much more often (see). Essentially they have abortifacient, of course, this is not a surgical procedure like a medical abortion, but it is no less harmful from the point of view of the further reproductive function of the female body.

Non-hormonal contraception

They are spermicides that are used topically to prevent desired pregnancy. The active component of such tablets inactivates sperm and “prevents” them from entering the uterine cavity. Moreover, non-hormonal tablets have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. These tablets are used intravaginally, that is, they are inserted deep into the vagina before intercourse. Examples non-hormonal tablets: Pharmatex, Benatex, Patentex Oval and others.

Arguments FOR taking hormonal birth control pills

Contraceptive pills, especially new birth control pills (new generation) have advantages over barrier contraceptives. Positive points the use of OCs, which are promoted by gynecologists:

one of the most faithful and qualitative methods contraception (effectiveness reaches 100%);
can be used at almost any age;
against the background of the reception contraceptive pills the menstrual cycle becomes regular, pain may disappear during menstruation (see);
good cosmetic effect (disappearance of acne, oily or dry hair and skin disappear, reduction of pathological hair growth);
peace of mind (no fear of getting pregnant);
the possibility of accelerating the onset of menstruation or delaying it;
therapeutic effect - endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cyst (do OK healing effect- remains very controversial issue, since most studies are carried out by manufacturers of hormonal contraceptives);
after stopping taking the pills, fertility is usually restored within 2-6 menstrual cycles (with rare exceptions, up to a year).

But despite all the advantages, negative consequences There is much more benefit from taking hormonal contraceptives and they outweigh the arguments FOR. Therefore, the decision whether to take birth control pills is made by the doctor and the woman herself, based on the presence of possible contraindications. side effects these medications, general health, and the presence of chronic diseases. According to the results of many studies, taking oral contraceptives (long-term) has long-term effects. Negative consequences for the health of women, especially those who smoke and have any chronic diseases.

Arguments AGAINST oral contraceptives

IN modern world The pharmaceutical industry is a business like any other sector of the economy, and the material benefits from the sale of drugs that a woman needs every month are fabulous. Over the past decades, independent American experts have conducted several studies, the results of which suggest that taking hormonal contraceptives by a woman before the birth of 1 child increases the risk of cervical cancer. In addition, OCs cause depression, contribute to the development of osteoporosis, hair loss, and the appearance of pigmentation on the body.

Hormones produced by the body perform specific functions in the body, controlled in the higher hormonal centers - the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which are connected to the adrenal glands, thyroid gland and ovaries (peripheral organs). The ovaries have a clear hormonal interaction with the entire body, the uterus waits for a fertilized egg every cycle, and even small doses of hormones coming from outside disrupt this fragile interaction.

With long-term use of hormonal contraceptives, the functions of the genital organs completely change. Every day, taking the pill suppresses ovulation, the release of an egg does not occur, the functions of the ovaries are suppressed, and this in turn inhibits the regulatory centers. With prolonged use of pills (for years), a woman’s uterus undergoes a change in the inner layer, as it is rejected unevenly (hence bleeding and). The mucous layer and tissue of the uterus gradually changes, which in the future (usually during menopause) threatens with oncological degeneration.

With long-term use of oral contraceptives, the amount of sex hormones is reduced, the ovaries decrease in size, and their nutrition is disrupted - this is a powerful blow to the reproductive function of the body. Both at the beginning of taking and after stopping taking OK, a failure occurs in hormonal system, therefore, in some women, restoration of reproductive function occurs within a year, and in some cases it may not be restored at all. So:

Women who have the contraindications listed above should under no circumstances take oral contraceptives, since serious complications may develop, including death (vascular thrombosis), oncology;
with long-term use of OCs, the elimination of vitamin B6 from the body is accelerated, which can lead to hypovitaminosis B6, as well as vitamin B2 (see), which negatively affects the nervous system (weakness, insomnia, irritability, skin diseases, etc. see);
OCs also interfere with the absorption of folic acid, which is very important for the body, which is very necessary 3 months before conception and during a future desired pregnancy and (see), the addition of which to some hormonal contraceptives is only a marketing ploy;
Long-term use (over 3 years) doubles the risk of developing glaucoma. A study by scientists at the University of California showed that (3,500 women over 40 years of age took contraceptives from 2005 to 2008) when taking oral contraception for 3 years without interruption, women were more likely to be diagnosed with glaucoma.
oral contraceptives significantly increase the risk of developing osteoporosis in women in the future (after 40 years, see);
Taking OCs for 5 or more years increases the risk 3 times (see). Researchers associate the growth of this disease with the “Era of Hormonal Contraception”;

Today, in the age of oncological tension and unimproved early diagnosis of the initial asymptomatic stages of oncology, a woman taking OCs may not know that she has early stages oncology, in which contraceptives are contraindicated and contribute to aggressive tumor growth;

studies by Danish scientists show that long-term use in women is 1.5-3 times;
oral contraceptives promote thrombus formation in any vessels, incl. and vessels of the brain, heart, pulmonary artery, which increases the risk of stroke and death from pulmonary thromboembolism. The risk increases depending on the dose of hormones, as well as additional risk factors - high blood pressure, smoking (especially over 35 years), genetic predisposition, see;
taking oral contraceptives increases the risk of the appearance and development of chronic venous insufficiency- pain in the legs, night cramps, a feeling of heaviness in the legs, transient swelling, trophic ulcers;
the risk of developing inflammatory diseases of the cervix and breast cancer increases
in some cases, the return of fertility is delayed (1 - 2%), that is, the body gets used to the supply of hormones from the outside and in the future some women may have difficulties conceiving;
do not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections, so their use is not advisable in the presence of many partners, for women who are promiscuous sex life(only condoms protect against sexually transmitted infections and viruses, including), syphilis, etc.);
taking oral contraceptives can provoke the appearance of a woman’s body;
According to American studies, women taking oral contraceptives have a risk of early development multiple sclerosis increases by 35% (see, which today can occur in both a 20-year-old and a 50-year-old woman);
one of them may be taking oral contraceptives;
the risks of transient development increase;
women taking OCs are more likely to develop depression;
some women experience a significant decrease in libido;
the need for self-monitoring and daily intake;
errors cannot be excluded when using contraceptive pills;
the need to consult a gynecologist before the appointment;
the price is quite high

According to WHO, about 100 million women use oral contraception, which brings fabulous profits to the pharmaceutical cartels. Manufacturers of hormonal contraceptives are extremely uninterested in disseminating truthful information about the dangers of products that bring them huge profits.

Today, all over the world there is powerful public opposition aimed at banning the sale of dangerous drugs, and information about their potential harm is publicly available. The result of this is that European and American gynecologists strongly recommend protecting yourself with condoms, which protect not only from unwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted infections. Next in popularity is the hormonal patch and then the IUD.

After reports of the dangers of OCs, several deaths and lawsuits, in some countries (USA, Germany, France) the drug Diane-35 was banned, and surveys of Europeans showed that 67% of people aged 15-63 years try to protect themselves with condoms, this and married couples and single women, 17% prefer the patch, 6% use the spiral, the remaining 5-10% continue to use OK.

Russian doctors actively continue to offer (advertise) oral contraception to women; moreover, they prescribe them to girls from 14-18 years of age, without informing about the potential and completely real threat their health.

Hormonal drugs are intended for the treatment of endocrine disorders. They are prescribed to women and men. There are more than 50 drugs for hormone replacement therapy.

All hormonal products are divided into natural and synthetic. Natural ones contain hormones obtained from fresh or frozen glands of livestock, as well as from animal or human biological fluids. Synthetic analogues are obtained chemically, but perform similar functions.

What are the different types of hormones?

pituitary gland (anterior and posterior lobes);
thyroid and antithyroid substances;
pancreas (insulin and glucagon);
sugar-lowering substances;
parathyroid gland;
adrenal cortex;
sexual;
anabolic substances.

Hormonal preparations can be in the form of aqueous or oil solution, tablets, ointments. They are administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, taken orally or rubbed into the skin.

13 facts about hormone therapy

Hormones are not always harmful. Hormonal agents have different action, often have side effects.
Hormonal medications have different effects on people. Those drugs that helped a relative or friend can harm you with the same diagnosis.
Young patients and nulliparous girls you can take hormones. They are prescribed even from a young age, and hormonal contraceptives are allowed for adolescents.
Hormonal drugs do not always have a contraceptive effect. A month after hormonal therapy, reproductive function is completely restored. There is also a chance of conceiving twins or triplets, as certain hormones cause multiple eggs to grow.
Breaks in hormonal therapy are optional. Most often, hormones are prescribed in a continuous course.
Breastfeeding women can also take hormonal medications. The ban applies only to certain tablets that affect lactation.
Not all hormonal drugs cause weight gain. If the patient is prone to obesity or begins to gain weight during treatment, the doctor can reduce the amount of gestagens in therapy.
There are hormones for men.
Hormonal drugs are prescribed not only for serious illnesses. They help cure mild pathologies of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or pancreas.
Hormones do not accumulate in the body. These substances disintegrate almost immediately and are eliminated from the body over time.
Hormone medications are prescribed to pregnant women. If a woman had hormonal imbalances before conception, she needs drug therapy during pregnancy. Without normalizing hormonal levels, it is impossible to bear a child.
Hormones do not always reduce libido. Many patients note an increase in libido with hormonal therapy. If your desire decreases, you can ask your doctor to prescribe medications with less progesterone.

When are hormonal medications prescribed?

Natural hormones are produced endocrine glands our body. These substances have a distal effect, that is, at a distance from the gland in which they were formed. Hormonal drugs are prescribed for dysfunction of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas and ovaries, as well as some diseases that do not affect the endocrine system.

For what diseases are hormones prescribed?

Diabetes. The disease is diagnosed in the absence of the hormone insulin, without which glucose does not enter the cells and sufficient energy is not created for normal life. Insulin medications solve this problem.
Adrenal insufficiency. With adrenal dysfunction, the patient becomes weaker, loses weight, and suffers from symptoms of poor circulation. The hormones glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids help restore stable functioning of the organ.
Hypothyroidism. This condition develops when the functionality of the thyroid gland decreases, when levothyroxine ceases to be produced. The hormone itself is inactive, but in cells it is converted into triiodothyronine and regulates protein biosynthesis.
Hypogonadism. The disease is characterized by insufficiency of the gonads. With hypogonadism, women and men develop infertility, and hormone therapy is the only way to conceive a child.

In addition to glandular insufficiency, there is also overactivity. Patients are often diagnosed with an excess of hormones. This condition is no less dangerous and also requires treatment. To reduce the amount of hormones, drugs are prescribed that block secretion or the gland itself is removed.

Estrogens and progestins - female hormones - have a contraceptive effect. They may also be prescribed during perimenopause to relieve symptoms. Anabolic steroids male hormones effective for the treatment of dystrophic conditions.

Contraceptives are divided into those combined with estrogen and progestogen and preparations with progesterone. Hormonal contraception is preferable if a woman has one regular partner. Only condoms will provide protection against infections during chaotic sexual intercourse.

The effect of hormonal contraceptives is due to the fact that the substances provoke changes in the cervix that interfere with the penetration of sperm. Pathological changes, which can cause infertility, can develop with long-term use of hormonal contraceptives (without stopping for more than 3 years). However, many experts claim that after stopping contraception, the likelihood of pregnancy only increases.

Hormonal contraceptives do not affect weight, help cleanse the skin and reduce the amount of hair on the body. Hormones can improve your cycle and reduce your risk of ovarian cancer. Some people note breast enlargement and increased firmness when taking hormonal contraceptives.

Modern contraceptives have minimal side effects. With the help of hormones, you can postpone the timing of menstruation and reduce the symptoms of PSM.

Hormones for contraception are prescribed for a maximum of one year. It is advisable to take breaks for several months and regularly visit a gynecologist. Oral contraceptives are contraindicated in smokers, patients with tumors and varicose veins.

The main method is hormonal therapy. Depending on the severity of the pathology, doctors prescribe contraceptives, drugs with progesterone, drugs with the hormone danazol, or analogues of gonadotropins.

Hormonal contraceptives for endometriosis reduce pain syndrome and reduce the endometrium. Usually the drugs are prescribed for six months; if necessary, the course can be extended for 3-6 months. At successful treatment areas of endometriosis are significantly reduced.

Popular contraceptives:

Regulon;
Yarina;
Marvelon.

For endometriosis, medications with progesterone may be prescribed. This substance suppresses the secretion of estrogens, which provoke the growth of the endometrium of the uterus. The course of treatment is 6-9 months. The best drugs in the group are Visanne and Depo-Provera.

The hormone danazol for endometriosis reduces the amount of sex hormones, which reduces the foci of pathology. The optimal course of treatment is 3-6 months

Another method of treating endometriosis is gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues. They reduce the functionality of the ovaries and suppress the production of sex hormones. During therapy, menstruation disappears and menopausal symptoms may occur. To prevent this, doctors prescribe small doses of hormones. Treatment lasts a maximum of six months. After discontinuation of the drugs, ovarian function is restored.

Drugs with gonadotropin-releasing hormones:

Buserelin;
or ;
Sinarel.

Hormonal therapy for menopause

Closer to 50 years, a woman’s body undergoes restructuring. Fertility declines, estrogen levels decrease, bones become fragile and tissues become less elastic. A woman experiences characteristic symptoms: hot flashes, headaches, sweating, emotional instability, osteoporosis.

Hormone replacement therapy for menopause helps reduce the number of strokes, heart attacks, and pathologies musculoskeletal system, as well as maintaining pelvic tone and stabilizing the nervous system. Menopause symptoms disappear.

If there are no contraindications, replacement therapy may be appointed for 5-8 years. Hormones are not recommended in the presence of a malignant tumor, circulatory disorders, uterine bleeding, history of stroke and heart attack, liver disease.

What hormones are prescribed for menopause:

Angelique. With estradiol and drospirenone.
Femoston. Contains estradiol and dydrogesterone, which improves the natural cycle.
Ovestin. Contains estriol, which is necessary to restore the elasticity of the mucous membrane.
Livial. Includes synthetic tibolone. It has a complex estrogen-gestagenic effect.
Norkolut. Progestogen-based product with norethisterone.

Hormones during pregnancy

One of the main reasons early miscarriage is the instability of a woman’s hormonal background. As a rule, termination of pregnancy occurs due to insufficiency of progesterone or estrogen.

A lack of progesterone is dangerous because the conditions necessary for the development of the fetus are not created, and a deficiency of estrogen leads to thinning of the endometrium of the uterus and rejection of the embryo. During pregnancy, it is necessary to treat not only problems with sex hormones, but also all hormonal disorders.

Preparations with progesterone:

Duphaston. The drug contains a synthetic analogue of progesterone - dydrogesterone. It is much more active and stable than the natural hormone, therefore it effectively supports pregnancy. As a rule, the drug is discontinued after 20 weeks, when the body’s need for progesterone decreases. Duphaston does not affect skin, hair, sleep and blood glucose levels. If bleeding occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor to increase the dose. Duphaston is incompatible with phenobarbital, which is prescribed for epilepsy.
Utrozhestan. The drug contains micronized progesterone. Utrozhestan normalizes the level of female hormones and affects androgens (male sex hormones). Excess androgens in a woman’s body can harm pregnancy. The drug may affect the reaction rate and cause drowsiness.

When taken correctly, these drugs do not cause malformations in the fetus. They help normalize the endocrine system and hormonal levels, which only supports pregnancy and ensures the full development of the child. Refusal of therapy affects not only the mother’s body, but also the physical and mental development child. However, hormones are not prescribed for diabetes mellitus, liver disease, bronchial asthma, circulatory disorders, malignant tumors and epilepsy.

Hormone therapy for men

Already from the age of 25, testosterone levels gradually decrease, and by 45 the levels drop by 30%. During this period, hormones may be prescribed to eliminate symptoms (fatigue, worsening mood, weakness, decreased sex drive). Hormones are also suitable for treating erectile dysfunction.

It is possible to use tablets, capsules, gel, injections and even patches with testosterone. Among the most common drugs are Andriol, Methyltestosterone, Androgel, Androderm, Nebido injections, Sustanon-250 and Testenate.

Hormone therapy in men sometimes causes side effects. The risk of prostate cancer, oily skin, sperm problems and androgenetic alopecia may increase.

It must be remembered that any medication can be dangerous if used incorrectly. When selecting hormones, it is important to take into account the patient’s gender and age, concomitant pathologies, habits, allergies, heredity and lifestyle.

Hormonal contraception all over the world they are considered the most reliable in terms of protection against unwanted pregnancy. They are trusted by millions of women in civilized countries. They give freedom to choose the time of birth of the desired child, liberation in sexual relations, getting rid of some diseases and suffering. Subject to the rules of use hormonal contraceptives provide, without a doubt, high level reliability. IN last decade In our country, interest in this method of protection has also increased, but passions about the benefits and harms, advantages and disadvantages of their use do not subside.

How birth control pills work

Modern oral contraceptives may contain one or two hormones: progesterone and estrogen - then they are called combined, or only progesterone - the so-called mini-pills.

Combined contraceptives are divided into drugs:

with microdoses of hormones;
with low doses;
medium dose;
with high doses of hormones.

“Mini-pill” drugs are considered the most gentle of all birth control pills.

How do birth control pills work?

Birth control pills consist of synthetic hormones, which are analogues of female sex hormones produced in a woman’s body constantly during pregnancy. It is estrogen and progesterone that inhibit the production of other hormones that stimulate follicle maturation, due to which ovulation occurs. Therefore, by administering small doses of estrogen and progesterone with the tablet, it becomes possible to suppress or inhibit ovulation (egg maturation). The mechanism of action of all combined hormonal agents is based on this principle.

The action of the “mini-pill” is based on the same principles, but the effective point here is the effect of the tablets on the structure of the uterine mucosa, and on the change in the viscosity of the secretion of the cervical canal. Thickening of the secretion and looseness of the endometrium does not allow sperm to fertilize the egg, and the egg itself does not allow itself to gain a foothold in the uterus.

All these phenomena disappear when you stop taking contraceptives. Reproductive function is restored within two to three months, and the woman can have the desired pregnancy.

Birth control pills are almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly. At the same time, the use of these products regulates the menstrual cycle, relieves women from pain during menstruation and menstrual bleeding. Modern contraceptives eliminate the symptoms of premenstrual and menopausal periods, reduce the risk oncological diseases, stop unwanted facial hair growth and the appearance of acne.

Does the effect of birth control pills decrease with alcohol consumption?

Women, especially at a young age, often wonder how alcohol affects the reliability of birth control pills. Is it possible to take them together? Of course, this question is legitimate, because taking contraceptives can be long-term, but life is life, and no one is immune from circumstances when alcohol intake may occur.

I would like to always be confident in the effectiveness of contraceptives, and to know what factors can reduce it. It is unlikely that anyone will be able to completely eliminate alcohol. And the instructions for contraceptive drugs often do not indicate that they cannot be combined with alcohol intake.

What to do if a festive feast is planned? If the celebration is scheduled for the evening, then taking the pill should be shifted three hours earlier or later. IN as a last resort, you can reschedule taking the pill until the morning, as if you forgot to take it, but then you need to follow the instructions for the drug and act exactly according to it. It is also necessary to see a gynecologist to rule out pregnancy.

According to WHO, the dose of alcohol should not exceed 20 mg of ethanol per day, if the need arises in combination with birth control pills. Moderation in drinking alcohol plays a big role in maintaining the effectiveness of contraceptives.

Side effects

The main disadvantages of birth control pills are their side effects on the body, which include:

Bloody spotting, especially common when starting to take the pills. After adaptation to the drug, as a rule, they disappear.
Estrogens included in contraceptives can cause bloating, swelling of the lower extremities, fluid retention in the body, increased blood pressure, and migraine-like headaches.
Progestins, on the contrary, cause irritability, nervousness, acne, and some weight gain.
The increase in weight may be due to increased appetite when taking contraceptives. In some cases, this is due to fluid retention in the body.
Sometimes birth control pills can cause dark spots on the face, reminiscent of characteristic spots during pregnancy. In this case, it is better to switch to another type of tablet.
Such dangerous vascular diseases as thrombosis can be caused. Their occurrence depends entirely on the dose of hormones in the product. The higher the dose of estrogen, the greater the risk of developing vascular thrombosis.
Smoking is prohibited while taking some contraceptives. U smoking women there is a risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.
Taking combined oral contraceptives can cause attacks of gallstones and cause the formation of new stones in the bile ducts.
Side effects may occur when combining contraceptives oral medications with others medicines: antibiotics, antifungals, etc.

Which birth control pills help you get better?

Modern contraceptives, which contain microdoses of hormonal components, do not cause weight gain.

But, if the drug is chosen incorrectly for a particular woman or girl, some weight gain is quite possible. Many women experience weight gain in the first two months of taking contraceptives, which is easily explained by the body’s adaptation. If your weight increases in the future, then you need to decide on switching to another type of pill.

The effect of contraceptives on fat metabolism has been well studied. Therefore, it is possible for each woman to choose a remedy that would not cause the above side effects.

Bleeding while taking birth control pills

Bleeding when using birth control pills is a possible side effect. Bleeding can be either spotty or breakthrough.

Spotting bleeding occurs in the first months of taking contraceptives. They are more often observed when using drugs with low hormone content than when using combined drugs. The reason is this: microdoses of hormones in the pill do not have time to accumulate in the body, and they are not enough to delay menstruation. This normal phenomenon, and it is not advisable to stop taking the pills due to the appearance of spotting. The body will adapt and all functions will be restored.

If breakthrough bleeding occurs, the alarm should be sounded. It is better to immediately consult a doctor who will conduct an examination to exclude ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis.

What to do if bleeding occurs:

Continue taking birth control as usual, or stop taking it within seven days.
Contact the doctor. The doctor can make an appointment extra tablets with a high content of progestins.
If bleeding continues, a blood test must be taken to rule out anemia. For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed.

Vaginal discharge

Are women often concerned about an increase in vaginal discharge? and associate them with the use of birth control pills.

By the way, vaginal discharge is found in every woman, but normally it is odorless, transparent in appearance and insignificant.

If your menstrual cycle is irregular, you should consult a doctor who will tell you what to do. Establishing a cycle duration of 21-36 days is considered the norm.

With changes in mood, a herbal mixture with common twig helps well, which affects the level of testosterone in the body.

Skin problems such as acne, oily hair, greasiness? talk about an imbalance of hormones in the female body. In this case, combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic action are selected.

Doctors believe that it is better to stop taking the pills two to three months before the planned conception. However, it should be borne in mind that the likelihood of conception increases already in the first month after discontinuation of the contraceptive.

How to take birth control pills correctly?

It is better to start taking contraceptives on the first day of your period - only then the pills take effect immediately. If taken on the fifth day of menstruation, apply additional measures protection. Women with irregular periods can start taking contraceptives on the first day of their cycle, confident that they are not pregnant.

In the absence of lactation, it is better to start taking it 21 days after birth. At breastfeeding Taking oral contraceptives should be postponed for six months.

After an abortion, it is necessary to start using birth control pills on the day of the abortion.

Standard regimen for hormonal contraceptives
The drug is taken daily for 21 days, followed by a seven-day break, then continues to be taken from a new package. Menstrual-like bleeding goes away during a break from taking the pills.

Special Modes
The 24+4 mode is typical for the contraceptive Jess, the package of which contains 24 hormonal and 4 non-hormonal active tablets. The tablets are used daily, without breaks.

Extended mode
It consists of taking a product containing only “active” tablets (continuously, more than one package). A three-cycle regimen is common - taking 63 tablets of monophasic drugs followed by a 7-day break.

Thus, the number of menstrual bleeding per year is reduced to four.

What to do if you forgot to take your pill?

The basic rule in case of missing a pill:
1. Take the missed pill as soon as possible!
2. Take the remaining tablets at your usual time.

If one or two tablets are missed, or a new pack is not started within one or two days
Take a pill. There is a risk of pregnancy.

Missing three or more tablets in the first 2 weeks of use, or not starting a new pack within three days
Take a pill. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If sexual intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

Skipping 3 or more tablets during the third week of use
Take the pill as soon as possible. If the package contains 28 tablets, do not take the last seven tablets. Don't take a break. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If sexual intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

When do birth control pills start working?

At correct technique The tablets begin to act immediately after the start of the course.

How to choose the right drug for nulliparous and parous women?

To the young, nulliparous women Microdosed birth control pills are more often prescribed. Such drugs as Lindinet -20, Jess, Logest, Mercilon, Qlaira, Novinet are ideal for them.

Low-dose and medium-dose hormonal drugs are suitable for women who have given birth. These include: Yarina, Marvelon, Lindinet-30, Regulon, Silest, Janine, Miniziston, Diane-35 and Chloe.

Features of contraception depending on the woman’s age

Selecting birth control pills is a difficult task that can be solved together with your doctor. The purpose of the task is reliable protection from the onset of unwanted pregnancy. The criteria may be effectiveness, absence of side effects, ease of use of the pills and speed of restoration of fertility after discontinuation of the contraceptive.

Undoubtedly, the choice of contraceptive drug depends on age characteristics.

At what age can you take birth control pills?

The periods of a woman’s life are divided into adolescence - from 10 to 18 years, early reproductive - up to 35 years, late reproductive - up to 45 years, and perimenopausal - lasting 1-2 years from the last menstruation.

It is advisable to start contraception at adolescence, if, of course, there is a need for it. IN last years There is a decrease in the age of first pregnancy and childbirth, and the frequency of abortions at a young age is increasing.

According to WHO, the most effective for adolescents are combined oral contraceptives containing small doses of steroids and third-generation drugs containing progestogens. Three-phase drugs are best suited for adolescents: Triziston, Triquilar, Tri-Regol, as well as single-phase drugs: Femoden, Mercilon, Silest, Marvelon, which regulate the course of the menstrual cycle.

Birth control pills for young girls

Between the ages of 19 and 35, women can use all known methods contraception. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of combined oral contraceptives is more reliable and effective.

In addition to oral contraceptives, other methods are also popular in our country: insertion of an intrauterine device, use of a condom, use of injection methods contraception.

It has been proven that birth control pills are used not only for contraception, but also for medicinal and for preventive purposes for diseases such as infertility, inflammatory and oncological diseases, menstrual irregularities. The only drawback that you need to be aware of is that hormonal contraceptives do not protect a woman from sexually transmitted infections.

The most common remedies at this age are Janine, Yarina, Regulon.

Which birth control pills are best to take after 35 years of age?

Doctors say that at this age women should protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy by using intrauterine devices, because At this age, steroids, due to the presence of diseases acquired by the woman, are contraindicated.

A woman may suffer from cervical diseases, endometriosis, endocrinological diseases - diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, obesity. Many women smoke. These factors complicate the selection of hormonal contraceptives.

Steroids are prescribed only if there are no contraindications. Combination birth control pills are preferred latest generation and three-phase drugs: Femoden, Triziston, Silest, Triquilar, Marvelon, Tri-regol.

For this group of women, products with a low content of hormones, as well as “mini-pill” preparations, are excellent. Hormonal contraception combined with the therapeutic effect of new generation drugs. The most popular of them is Femulen. It can be used if a woman has diseases such as thrombophlebitis, previous heart attack and stroke, hypertension, severe migraine-type headaches, some gynecological diseases.

Which birth control pills are suitable for women over 45?

After 45 years, ovarian function gradually decreases, the likelihood of pregnancy decreases, but is still possible. Many women at this age are still ovulating, and fertilization of the egg can occur.

Undoubtedly, a woman is able to become pregnant and give birth to a child, but pregnancy often occurs with complications, since at this age there is a fairly large bouquet of various diseases. Diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys are usually present, chronic disorders functions of the reproductive system. All factors can serve as contraindications for the prescription of hormonal contraceptives. Smoking and the presence of others bad habits also complicates the use of birth control pills.

Very often, by the age of 40, women no longer plan pregnancy, and unwanted pregnancy artificially interrupted. Abortion, especially during this period, has consequences that threaten a woman’s health. Frequent complications Abortion is considered to be the development of uterine fibroids, cancer, and severe manifestations of menopause. The possibility of developing diseases indicates the need for contraception during this period.

Birth control pills are also prescribed for many gynecological diseases, osteoporosis, and to prevent the development of ovarian and uterine cancer.

At the age of over 45 years, it is promising to use low-dose hormonal drugs, mini-pills, injections and implants that are implanted under the skin (for example, Norplant).

Birth control pills combined action Contraindicated for women over 45 years of age in the following cases:

if a woman smokes;
if a woman suffers from heart and vascular diseases - heart attack, stroke, thrombosis;
with type 2 diabetes mellitus;
in case of severe liver diseases with the development of liver failure;
for obesity.

At this age, the modern drug Femulen is often used, which has virtually no side effects.

Effect of birth control pills

For pregnancy

When taking hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy is quite possible if a woman takes the pills incorrectly or the regimen for taking them is disrupted. If pregnancy is suspected or established, the drug must be discontinued immediately.

Taking hormonal drugs in the first three weeks of pregnancy does not have a negative effect on the condition of the fetus and the health of the woman.

Overall for the body

Hormonal contraceptives have different influence on the woman's body. In order to promptly identify side effects of contraceptives, a woman taking these drugs is required to consult with her doctor twice a year. Contraceptives can affect the vaginal microflora. This influence manifests itself in various symptoms. Some people develop signs of thrush (bacterial vaginitis) because taking medications containing gestagens leads to a decrease in the level of lactobacilli in the vagina. In this case, it is possible to discontinue the pills until the estrogen level is restored and the symptoms disappear.

For the development of mastopathy

Women often ask the question: can birth control pills cause mastopathy?

Experts say that when making the right choice birth control pills and correct mode mastopathy cannot develop with their use. Another thing is when a woman has hormonal imbalances, there are chronic gynecological diseases, diseases of the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands. Hormonal imbalance, stress, depression, abortion, breast injury can lead to mastopathy.

Contraception should only be selected by a doctor. The doctor must take into account all the characteristics of a particular woman, her state of health, age, heredity, phenotype, bad habits, lifestyle, sexual activity. If the drug is selected incorrectly, without a doubt, the risk of developing mastopathy increases.

It is important to start taking hormonal medications only after consultation and examination by a specialist - in this case, you will avoid unwanted consequences and possible complications.

Do birth control pills help with menopause and androgenetic alopecia?

An effective treatment for women during menopause and with androgenetic alopecia can be tablets and creams containing estrogen and progesterone.

Is it possible to leave without a doctor's prescription?

Birth control pills are prescription drugs and can only be prescribed by a doctor. The law does not prohibit the sale of hormonal contraceptives without a prescription. But only a doctor can help you choose the right method and means of contraception.

When a woman’s body produces less and less hormones over the years, female hormones in tablets are often prescribed.

Such drugs eliminate many of the symptoms that accompany hormone deficiency.

Hormones are substances that are produced in almost any organ and tissue of the body, so they affect its performance and overall functioning.

Hormonal levels determine the following important characteristics:

body weight and tendency to gain weight;
appetite;
sexual function;
hair color and structure;
type of skin;
emotional condition;
behavior and thinking.

The human body produces both female and male sex hormones. Their number is determined by gender.

The largest number of them are produced endocrine system which includes the following glands:

thyroid;
parathyroid;
pancreas;
thymus.

This system also includes the following bodies:

pituitary;
hypothalamus;
ovaries;
adrenal glands

The hormones produced by these glands go to various bodies through the circulatory system.

Interesting!

Until now, up to 60 types of hormones are known, with the help of which the hormonal background is formed. Deviations from normal levels of female hormones provoke serious complications.

Why does hormonal imbalance occur?

Drugs and products containing female hormones are prescribed primarily when in the body. It can be caused by many negative factors, including the following:

genetic predisposition;
increased fatigue in chronic form;
sleep disorders;
stressful situations;
the influence of certain medications;
various diseases, in particular of a viral nature;
Immune system failures.

This imbalance also occurs against the background of bad habits, including the following:

alcohol abuse;
smoking;
drug use.

Modern pharmaceutical companies offer female hormones in tablets in a wide range.

They allow you to restore balance in the body, slowing down aging and having a beneficial effect on reproductive function.

Varieties and their features

Both in women's and in male body Two main types of hormones are produced - androgens and estrogens. The first type is, and the second is female.

However, in addition to them, female representatives also produce other species that affect the important functions of individual systems. The features of the main ones should be considered in detail.

Interesting!

According to latest research, fair-haired women have the highest levels of hormones that affect reproductive function.

Estrogen

This is the main female hormone produced in the ovaries, affecting sexual characteristics, appearance and cell regeneration.

In this regard, its optimal content in the body ensures skin elasticity and hair health. In addition, it protects blood vessels from plaque formation.

Progesterone

A pregnant woman’s ability to bear and give birth to a child depends on progesterone. A decrease in its level during early pregnancy provokes miscarriage.

Testosterone

It is produced in a woman's adrenal glands in low levels. With elevated testosterone levels, the following signs are observed:

increased irritability;
mood swings;
hot temper.

Testosterone primarily affects female sexual behavior.

Thyroxine

This is a thyroid hormone responsible for various metabolic processes. Its deficiency is accompanied by the following symptoms:

the appearance of excess weight;
constant fatigue;
sagging skin;
drowsiness;
memory impairment.

An increase in thyroxine levels leads to the following manifestations:

impaired concentration;
sleep problems;
angina pectoris;
the appearance of anxiety.

Against this background, as a rule, rapid weight loss and problems with thinking processes also occur.

Somatotropin

This is a growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It provides control over muscle tissue and ligaments. Its deficiency slows down growth, and its excess leads to abnormal growth rates. Also, disturbances in the concentration of somatotropin lead to weakness and sagging muscle mass in women.

For reference!

Somatotropin has a positive effect on the female psyche. And its insufficient secretion is one of the main causes of aging.

Insulin

Produced in the pancreas and normalizes blood sugar. It is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates received by the body with food.

When food contains a lot of sweets, insulin cannot cope with its processing, which provokes the accumulation of sugar. This has a bad effect on blood vessels and provokes obesity and diabetes.

The effect of hormones in tablets

Female sex hormones in tablets help eliminate various problems in the body and have the following effects:

They extend youth by replenishing sex hormones.
Stop processes of obesity development.
Slow down rate of wrinkle formation, ensuring skin elasticity.
Normalize arterial pressure.
Make it easier symptoms during menopause.
Eliminate frequent urination.
Apply in the treatment of chronic cystitis caused by atrophy of the mucous membrane of the bladder.

After 50 years, female sex hormones significantly reduce the risk of developing the following diseases:

atherosclerosis;
diabetes;
osteoporosis.

Also, such drugs are widely used for the prevention of various cardiovascular pathologies and stroke.

Basic drugs

Sex hormone pills for women usually contain estrogen or progesterone, which are considered the most important female hormones.

Estrogen preparations

Estrogen tablets are most often prescribed to restore normal menstrual cycles and blood pressure.

It is also taken to relieve such frequent symptoms in women over 40 as constant fatigue and headaches.

Indications for the use of this substance may be the following conditions:

absence of menstruation;
infertility;
underdevelopment of the uterus;
disorders after removal of the ovaries;
osteoporosis during menopause.

Among hormonal tablets with estrogen, the following drugs should be distinguished:

Estrofem: This remedy is prescribed to eliminate symptoms during menopause. It is not intended for contraception and has a number of side effects, and therefore, if used for a long time, it is necessary to undergo examination at least once every 6 months.
Premarin: this remedy used for ovarian dysfunction and bleeding in the uterus. It is also known as a drug for normalizing hormonal levels during menopause. In the presence of diabetes mellitus, the drug is prescribed with caution.
Tephastrol: indicated in the absence of secondary sexual characteristics and underdevelopment of the reproductive system organs.

Due to a number of contraindications and side effects that these drugs have, their choice and dosage should only be determined by a specialist.