home Analyzes Does it increase uric acid in the blood? The normal level of uric acid in the blood of men, women, and children. How to treat the pathology of changes in the norm

Does it increase uric acid in the blood? The normal level of uric acid in the blood of men, women, and children. How to treat the pathology of changes in the norm

Uric acid- This main product purine catabolism in the human body. Most of it is synthesized in the liver as a result of metabolic processes associated with so-called purine bases and is excreted by the kidneys. The human body also has a depot of uric acid, which is determined by the balance between its synthesis and excretion. This acid concentrated in blood plasma and extracellular fluids. If it is contained in excess, health problems can arise, in particular, a disease such as gout develops. Excess uric acid is deposited in sodium, forming crystals with sharp edges. These crystals can accumulate in any tissue of the body, but most often in the joints, thereby causing painful attacks, especially when moving. Why is uric acid elevated? Causes, treatment and diet to reduce it - we will consider all this in more detail.

Normal uric acid values

Uric acid levels differ slightly between women, men and children:

After the age of 60, the normal values of this indicator in women and men level out and range from 210 to 430 µmol/l. How to determine the causes, treatment - we will consider all this below.

What is hyperuricemia?

The term "hyperuricemia" means elevated levels of uric acid. There are primary and secondary hyperuricemia, in which increased production uric acid or decreased excretion.

Primary hyperuricemia

Primary hyperuricemia is a congenital, or idiopathic, form. Approximately 1% of patients with primary hyperuricemia have a fermentation defect in purine metabolism. This leads to excess synthesis of uric acid.

Most often, primary hyperuricemia is congenital and can be associated with conditions such as:

Kelly-Siegmiller syndrome;
Lesch-Negan syndrome;
increased synthesis of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (inborn error of metabolism).

It should be noted that the congenital form of hyperuricemia is rare.

Secondary hyperuricemia

Secondary hyperuricemia may be associated with an increased intake of purine from food and be accompanied by increased excretion of uric acid in the urine. This fact may indicate malignant tumors, AIDS, diabetes mellitus, severe burns and hypereosinophilia syndrome ( increased content eosinophils in leukocyte formula- determined in general analysis blood). Also, this form of hyperuricemia can be caused by various pathological conditions.

Most often, uric acid levels increase due to a violation of the diet, more precisely, eating foods high in purines. These include legumes, liver, kidneys, tongue, brains and meat (beef, pork). Chicken meat, rabbit meat, and turkey meat are safer in this sense, but they cannot be eaten without restrictions either. Gout is a disease in which uric acid in the blood is significantly elevated. The (most common) causes of this condition are nutritional disorders. Uncontrolled consumption of high-calorie foods fatty foods leads to the development of this disease.

Under what conditions is uric acid elevated? Causes. Treatment

Another reason for the increase in uric acid may be weakening of the kidneys, which are unable to remove excess acid from the body. In this case, it is possible to develop urolithiasis, i.e. the formation of kidney stones.

A full examination should be carried out for people whose uric acid is higher than normal, but no symptoms are observed, that is, if this indicator in women has reached 400 µmol/l, and in men 500 µmol/l. This condition is called asymptomatic hyperuricemia and may indicate acute gouty arthritis. It is characterized by fluctuations in uric acid levels from normal values to exceeding them several times.

How to determine the concentration of uric acid in the body?

In order to find out your uric acid levels, you need to do a blood test. For this study, it is taken from a vein. This analysis does not require special preparation. But usually it is taken in the morning on an empty stomach in the treatment room of a medical institution.

The medical professional must present a referral for testing, which must be prescribed by a doctor. It is quite possible that, in parallel with uric acid, blood urea, creatinine, glucose and other indicators will be examined to determine possible concomitant diseases.

What to do if uric acid is high?

High uric acid levels indicate the need for treatment. Your doctor will tell you how to remove uric acid from the body. In some cases, specialists prescribe medications for hyperuricemia, but the main treatment is to follow a certain diet that must be followed throughout life. In addition, if concomitant diseases are identified, they need to be treated as much as possible. Very often, gout is provoked by excess body weight and obesity. Therefore, you need to try to bring your weight back to normal.

Of the chronic diseases, gout is most often accompanied by diabetes and atherosclerosis, in this case you should periodically undergo preventive maintenance treatment at least once a year.

At increased rates uric acid, you must constantly adhere to a certain diet.

Rich meat broths are prohibited. And therefore they also have soups. Meat dishes should be limited to three times a week - no more. Moreover, you need to choose a low-fat product. And it is preferable to eat it boiled or baked. Fatty foods are strictly prohibited.
Salted, pickled and smoked foods are prohibited. From shrimp and boiled crayfish It’s also better to refuse. The diet should be limited in salt, and drinking regime, on the contrary, should be strengthened. You need to drink about 2 liters of liquid per day. How to remove uric acid using mineral water? It is good to use alkaline water for this.
You should be careful with dishes made from sorrel, mushrooms and cauliflower.
Legumes (peas, beans and others) should be sharply limited in case of hyperuricemia.
It is better not to consume lactic acid products (ryazhenka, Snezhok, kefir, sour cream) at all if uric acid levels are high.
and it is advisable to completely eliminate baked goods from puff pastry from the diet.
You should be careful when using spices and herbs. It is also advisable to exclude chocolate; it is only sometimes allowed in very limited quantities.
Alcohol is prohibited, as well as kvass, various energy drinks and sodas, and very strong tea, too.
Fasting is strictly contraindicated. Fasting days are possible; it is better to spend them on dairy products and fruits.

Physiotherapy for gout

To reduce the concentration of uric acid, doctors often prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures, such as plasmaphoresis. This procedure helps cleanse the blood of uric acid salts. But this effect does not last long without following a diet. A diet for high uric acid is mandatory. Prohibited foods should be completely eliminated from the diet. Gout is a chronic disease, so a diet low in purine is always necessary.

Traditional methods of treatment for gout

Exist traditional methods to reduce uric acid levels. These are herbal pears, grapes and strawberry mustaches.

Carrot tops are good for gout. To do this, fresh leaves of one root vegetable are finely chopped and poured with boiling water. Leave until completely cooled, then filter. The medicine is ready, take it 1/4 cup at least 3 times a day.

Freshly squeezed celery and carrot juices also help remove uric acid. They can be drunk separately or mixed in various proportions.

Conclusion

In what cases can uric acid be elevated, the causes, and treatment for this condition have been discussed. It should be remembered that for people with high uric acid levels, the main therapy is proper nutrition and a lifestyle without alcohol.

Uric acid is the last link in the chain of cleavage of purine bases, which make up the main components of DNA and RNA nucleotide molecules. The transformation of the substance occurs mainly in the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), and more specifically in the liver. This catabolite is excreted primarily through urine, and only less than one third is excreted through the intestines naturally.

For the normal functioning of the body, a balance of all components is necessary. chemical elements and connections. Uric acid is no exception, and any deviation from the norm can not only be evidence of the development of pathology, but also lead to quite dangerous and painful diseases. A decrease in the level of the substance is not considered very dangerous for the body. But the situation is completely opposite when uric acid in the blood is elevated.

What is hyperuricemia?

The normal level of uric acid (UA) in the blood of an adult can range from 150 to 420 µmol/l. In women, this indicator ranges from 150–350, and in men, 210–420 µmol/l. At the same time, children are characterized by lower normal values and are 120–320 µmol/l. Violation normal values of a given chemical compound can occur in both directions, that is, decrease or increase.

Much attention in medical practice is given to the last symptom, in which there is an increased level of sUA in the blood serum. This condition is called hyperuricemia. It does not apply to specific disease, but is only a separate manifestation or one of a complex of signs of a developing pathology.

Reference! Regardless clinical picture a high level of uric acid in a biochemical blood test or other study is quite dangerous and can threaten a person with serious deterioration in health. Although it should be noted that if the concentration increases slightly, this may be due to physiological factors that can be easily corrected.

Causes of increased uric acid in the blood

The main circumstances leading to shifts in one direction or another in the uric acid indicator include two processes that ensure this part energy metabolism. The first is the rate of synthesis of the compound in the liver, and the second is the time of excretion by the urinary system.

In addition, the concentration of urate binder has a significant effect on the UA content ( sodium salts, derivatives of uric acid) protein. There are many reasons for increased uric acid in the blood, and almost all of them are serious danger for human life and health, and also tend to occur in complicated forms. These include the following.

Arterial hypertension

Despite the fact that the factors provoking this pathology, have not been fully studied, scientists have found that already at the second stage of the disease there is increased level uric acid. At the same time, it was not possible to come to a clear opinion whether the excess of the metabolite is the result of high blood pressure or it is the source of triggering a chain of pathological biochemical reactions.

Hyperuricemia in this disease causes impairment of the function and structure of the kidneys, which, in turn, leads to an even greater aggravation of hypertension. It turns out to be a vicious circle. Taking antihypertensive medications can reduce uric acid concentrations without prescribing any specific drugs.

If such therapy does not lead to desired result, then the patient must adhere to a diet low in purine. He is increased in physical activity, provided that blood pressure is normalized, and medications are prescribed, the effect of which is aimed at reducing the level of sUA.

The disease develops due to excess uric acid, caused by excessively active breakdown of purine bases. The urinary system and, in particular, the kidneys are the main target of pathology, which leads to insufficient function. In this case, the level of changes directly depends on the content of sUA in the blood. In addition to the kidneys, damage to other organs also occurs (most often, patients have inflamed and painful joints), but changes in them progress less actively.

The principle of gout development

Application medicines, for example, Allopurinol in most cases reduces the concentration of the metabolite and effectively prevents complications. It has been noted that hyperuricemia leads to damage to arterial walls and contributes to the development and rapid progression of diseases such as atherosclerosis. This largely explains why patients suffering from gout tend to develop cardiovascular pathologies.

Endocrine diseases

This group includes diseases such as diabetes, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism. With the latter pathology, in the biochemical analysis, in addition to hyperuricemia, a high calcium level is diagnosed, which is explained by the release of this element from bone tissue. In diabetes mellitus, increased glucose and intense hormone synthesis cause shifts in many metabolic processes.

Cells are destroyed, causing uric acid levels to increase. Acromegaly develops as a result of high production growth hormone. The main symptoms of the disease are disproportionate growth of body parts, which is accompanied by a parallel violation purine metabolism.

Attention! Long-term, untreatable diathesis in a child can develop against the background of excess uric acid. This pathology is called uric acid diathesis, and the disease is often genetic.

Obesity

This type of pathology quite often develops together with gout. Recently, this combination has been called metabolic syndrome, additionally including diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Each of these diseases leads to an increase in the concentration of uric acid.

High cholesterol and lipoproteins

Often, the emergence of an obvious clinical picture of hypertension and gout is preceded by an increase in the components of the lipid profile (analysis of components fat metabolism). Moreover, for a long time, symptoms of diseases are usually absent. To prevent the development of pathologies, the patient will need to significantly change their lifestyle.

Blood diseases

Active breakdown of blood cells and components tissue structures causes an increase in purine bases. Hyperuricemia is almost always observed in leukemia, polycythemia and B 12 -deficiency anemia. In addition, the level of sUA increases with hemolytic anemia hereditary or acquired nature.

Diseases characterized by massive tissue breakdown

The most a shining example such diseases are burn shock and syndrome prolonged compression. With them, renal failure develops, which leads to an increase in the time it takes for MK to be removed from the body. Intensive infusion therapy refers to one of important aspects components of the treatment of such pathologies. In some situations it is necessary to resort to dialysis.

Atherosclerotic lesion of arteries

Large vessels, due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, can significantly reduce the quality of removal of the substance from the blood.

Decreased output in renal failure

In case of serious kidney pathologies - toxicosis of pregnancy, polycystic disease, acidosis of nephropathy (lead poisoning) there will be a persistent increase in the concentration of UA.

Increase not related to illness

In addition to pathological processes that increase uric acid in the blood, cases are often observed non-pathological nature that do not require medication.

Eating foods rich in purines

When eating a large number of foods containing many purine bases, such as meat, offal, cocoa, there is often an increase in uric acid in the blood. Such a deviation only requires nutritional correction, provided that there are no accompanying symptoms indicating the presence of pathology. Our ancestors called gout “the disease of the aristocrats”, since the diet of the upper class mainly consisted of meat dishes and wine.

Excessive exercise

Intense sports activities or increased muscle loads with professional activity require more energy, therefore, catabolism processes occur faster in the body. It can be difficult for the kidneys to filter and eliminate a large number of uric acid, which leads to its accumulation.

Taking medications

Medicines, for example, Furosemide, are used by some to lose weight, and this method of losing weight sometimes becomes a factor that increases uric acid levels. Often, against this background, a severe degree of renal failure develops, in which glomerular filtration becomes minimal, and the patient’s life could be saved only by performing hemodialysis.

Phenomenal properties

The fact that hyperuricemia can lead to diseases has long been known to everyone and is an indisputable fact. Then how about her beneficial effects Few people know about the body and only recently. The fact is that uric acid, by its nature, chemical formula has a strong similarity to a substance called trimethylated xanthine caffeine, which has a beneficial effect on physical and mental performance. That is, MK also has a similar effect on the body.

Numerous Scientific research, conducted in the 60s and 70s of the last century, confirmed the hypothesis that people suffering from hyperuricemia have higher intelligence and reaction speed.

Second useful property This substance is considered to have an antioxidant effect. MK is able to block superoxide (a free radical), peroxynitrite (a product of nitric oxide) and oxidative reactions catalyzed by iron.

Some authors argue that high UA has the property of serum antioxidants and can prevent oxidative processes that lead to aging, thereby prolonging life. The results of the study showed that UA transfusion increases plasma antioxidant activity and improves endothelial cell function.

If for general condition If uric acid is dangerous in the body, then specifically for the central nervous system its role is completely opposite. This metabolite is a powerful neuroprotector, as well as an inhibitor of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The principle of its effect has not been fully established, but patients with hyperuricemia have a reduced risk of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and other neurodegenerative pathologies.

There are similar results for multiple sclerosis. The ability of a high level of UA to reduce the formation of nitrotyrosine (a product of nitration of the amino acid tyrosine) is expressed in neuroprotective properties that minimize the risks of strokes and other neurological diseases.

According to the results of epidemiological studies, people with hyperuricemia are several times less likely to be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It is worth noting that the introduction of MK as remedy reduces neurological manifestations induced experimentally.

Fact! High levels of urate in the blood in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease can slow down the progression of the pathology. These substances have a powerful antioxidant function, allowing them to bind free radicals.

Recently, scientists have come to the conclusion that the beneficial effect of MK is more related to its effect on glial or supporting cells of the nervous system. No less probable cause There is also the possibility of blocking the blood-brain barrier (regulating the penetration of blood into the brain).

Uric acid crystals, which tend to accumulate in joints

Treatment for hyperuricemia

An increase in UA concentration does not refer to an independent disease - it is just separate symptom, and what signs accompany it will be selected diagnostic methods and treatment. If it turns out that the metabolite content has increased due to an unbalanced diet with a large amount of purine food, then it will be enough to adjust the diet.

If, against the background of hyperuricemia, the patient’s joints hurt, they are inflamed (most often such changes are observed on thumbs legs), will mean the development of gouty arthritis. An appointment will then be required. drug therapy, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during exacerbation, and drugs to reduce sUA during remission.

In other situations in which hyperuricemia is observed as one of a set of symptoms, the type of treatment is determined by the underlying disease. For example, in case of urolithiasis, you can choose surgical route, which means getting rid of stones through their crushing and subsequent natural removal through the urethra.

At drug treatment You should also adhere to a low-purine diet, regulate physical activity, and do light exercises or simple sets of exercises. People who are overweight should take steps to reduce it. All patients suffering from hyperuricemia need to drink plenty of fluids in any of the following ways: plain water, tea, herbal infusions, fruit drinks, natural juices, compotes.

This will help remove uric acid. In addition, it is important to get tested regularly to keep your condition under control. You can read more about methods of reducing uric acid levels in the blood.

Instructions

Get a blood test for uric acid levels. It is usually taken from a vein on an empty stomach; this can be done at a local clinic with a referral from a physician. The essence laboratory research– definition using special device– a photoelectric calorimeter for the amount of colored compounds formed from this acid upon the addition of a number of chemical reagents. Normal indicators for and are different. For the former – 160-320, for the latter – 200-420 µmol/liter. If your result is significantly higher than the larger extreme value, you will most likely be asked to take the test again. Do not neglect the offer and scold the laboratory, the crooked hands of nurses or expired reagents. Sometimes it may be the food rich in purine bases that you ate the day before the test. But if a repeated test also shows a sharp increase in uric acid concentration, think about reducing it.

Do not delay in visiting a doctor, who, having studied your medical history, familiarized himself with previous diseases and the list of medications taken pharmacological drugs, having analyzed the lifestyle, and most importantly, the diet, he will prescribe. As a rule, at this stage it consists of limiting certain foods. At the same time, the doctor will recommend additional studies. In some cases, the reason for the increase in uric acid is not only due to nutrients, but also concomitant diseases that complicate or modify protein synthesis. It seems that he will offer an ultrasound of the liver and some other diagnostic studies of this organ, their purpose is to make sure that the liver does not abuse energy and does not work towards synthesis like an “open hearth furnace”. You may also receive a referral to ultrasonography kidney The goal in this case is the opposite: to make sure that they are not lazy, and nothing interferes with their excretory function, because this can also contribute to an increase in the concentration of uric acid in the blood. The doctor must also rule out cirrhosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pyelonephritis. If one of the diseases is detected, you should begin reducing uric acid with actions aimed at compensating for the disease.

When diagnosing “pure” hyperurecemia, not burdened by pathologies of internal organs, try the acid in the blood through diet. The ultimate goal is a significant reduction (up to exclusion from the diet for some time) of products that contribute to its active synthesis. Meat with high fat content (including fried ribs and steaks from marbled beef); meat by-products (tongue, liver and kidneys); smoked meats; rich meat broths, as well as poultry and fish broths (you can only use a second broth, obtained by re-filling with water the product from which this broth is prepared). Also, to reduce uric acid, a temporary refusal of spices and seasonings is indicated - mustard, horseradish, adjika, pickles and marinades, dry spices. Those with a sweet tooth will be disappointed: chocolate, cream products, most cookies and waffles are made from white wheat flour with added fat will have to be removed from the diet. Coffee, tea, lemonade, and beer are also prohibited. Your indignation is understandable, but health is more important. In addition, you can create an interesting menu from permitted products.

When reducing the concentration of uric acid in the blood, be patient and common sense. Yes, it will be difficult for those who have never missed a day without a glass or two. They are advised to imagine the scales: on the first scale - health, on the second - dubious pleasure and a wheelchair, because one of the most terrible complications of an excess of uric acid is polyarthritis, which can not only immobilize, but also cause severe pain every day. So there is only one option - to endure it and follow a diet until the condition normalizes. But you can eat all types of poultry (except for birds with a flat beak) - chicken, turkey, quail, etc. The main thing is to remove the skin from them and if you cook soups, then use a second broth. Frequent guests on your table may be kefir, cottage cheese, cheeses (except dessert ones, they have increased fat content). There is also no need to limit yourself to vegetables and fruits. Moreover, they have the most beneficial effect on reducing uric acid in the blood. As for drinks, for hyperurecemia it is necessary to consume low-fat milk (the maximum permissible fat content is 1.5 percent), freshly squeezed juices, compotes, and green tea. By the way, this is one of the most effective products to alkalize the body, which, given today’s lifestyle of most people, can be considered almost a panacea. The diet will definitely make adjustments, your condition will return to normal, but even then it is advisable not to go all out. Accompanying a fatty steak with fries and drinking a liter or two of beer will quickly bring everything back to the starting point. Think about it, do you need it?

note

Sometimes an increase in uric acid is caused by some somatic diseases, do not refuse additional research.

Helpful advice

When reducing uric acid, diet is important. Any deviation from the recommended diet can return everything to the starting point.

Surely computer users often encountered the problem of downgrading the version software, since it is quite difficult to replace a later update release with an older one. Downgrading the BIOS on Intel-based computers is one of the most confusing and time-consuming processes.

You will need

- Internet access;
- knowledge of computer configuration.

Instructions

Make sure your computer model supports downgrading to an earlier version. Save copies of the BIOS settings so that after updating they can be easily restored to their usual positions.

Choose for yourself which method the update will be carried out - from a flash drive, disk, or directly from the Internet using the installation of additional software, also provided by the manufacturer Intel. In the first two cases, make sure that your computer supports this type of BIOS update, since these methods are suitable for few types.

When the body for some reason forms increased amount sodium salts that cannot be excreted in the urine, you need to think about how to lower uric acid in the blood, which increases as a result of a violation of purine metabolism - hyperuricemia.

It is important to make timely corrections pathological process to prevent the development of more serious diseases - gout and urolithiasis.

Each person has uric acid in the blood plasma, formed as a result of the decomposition of purine compounds and performing important function in tissues and internal organs.

Experts have found that this substance eliminates excess nitrogen, deactivates free radicals and reduces the likelihood of developing cancer.

Increased uric acid levels are caused by the following reasons:

excess meat and offal in the diet - these products contain a large amount of purine compounds that form uric acid during decomposition;
diseases of the urinary system - diseased kidneys are unable to completely remove acid from the body;
obesity - excess weight leads to weight loss physical activity and slowing down metabolism;
medications that have side effects in the form of deposition of sodium salts;
avitaminosis;
excess fats and carbohydrates in the diet;
high protein diet;
sedentary lifestyle or excessive physical activity;
alcoholism;
hormonal diseases.

Symptoms indicating increased uric acid in the blood:

the patient constantly feels tired and overwhelmed;
joint and muscle pain;
abundant and rapid formation of hard plaque on the teeth;
in children, redness, psoriasis, rashes, and eczema appear on the skin;
cystitis;
in men it occurs strong pain in the groin area;
stones in bladder and kidneys;
insomnia;
uric acid can be deposited in internal organs and tissues. For example, in the heart, disrupting the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The largest amount of uric acid is present in animal by-products (heart, liver, kidneys) and meat. The substance is present in brewer's yeast, anchovies, mackerel, salmon, caviar, shrimp, sardines and legumes.

Uric acid enters the human body not only with food, but is also synthesized by every cell of the body.

During illness and the aging process, the amount of uric acid produced from destroyed cells increases. 25% of the substance is excreted from the body gastrointestinal tract and 75% - by the kidneys.

Medicines that lower uric acid

Medicines that lower lactic acid in the blood act quite quickly. Only a specialist can select the right drug, since self-medication is dangerous.

Pharmacy medications that reduce lactic acid:

Allopurinol;
Benzobromarone;
Sulfinpyrazone.

Allopurinol acts in two parallel directions. Firstly, the drug reduces the rate of formation of uric acid in the tissues of the body.

Secondly, Allopurinol reduces the amount of urate in the bloodstream and prevents its accumulation in the renal pelvis.

Despite the pronounced reducing effect, the drug should be taken with caution, following the instructions of the attending physician.

Allopurinol has contraindications and side effects. Medication should not be taken by pregnant women or patients suffering from renal failure.

Patients treated with Allopurinol sometimes experience intestinal upset, fever, and allergic rashes on the skin.

The next drug is Benzobromarone. The medicine is able to remove excess uric acid quickly enough, and reduced rate will persist for some time.

Benzobromarone practically does not cause side effects - this is the main advantage of the drug.

Very rarely, diarrhea begins after taking the drug. Benzobromarone should not be taken by women expecting a child, nursing mothers, children and patients with kidney pathologies.

Sulfinpyrazone is also quite effective. But people suffering peptic ulcer, the drug should not be taken as it can cause bleeding.

When uric acid salts are deposited in the joints, a very painful type of arthritis develops - gout.

When the disease worsens, the sick person “climbs the wall” in pain. Quick help to remove pain syndrome Only a medical drug can provide.

Depending on the type pain the following drugs are prescribed:

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
corticosteroids;
Colchicine.

Compared to other drugs, Colchicine works best, but you need to take the drug when the first signs of exacerbation of the disease occur.

Treatment of high levels of uric acid and gout should be comprehensive, combining dietary nutrition and intake pharmaceutical drugs. In addition, patients are prescribed plasmapheresis, physiotherapy and cryoplasmasorption.

Traditional methods of treatment

You can reduce the level of uric acid in the blood by using folk remedies. Many medicinal plants have shown sufficient effectiveness in the fight against this pathological condition.

Artichoke is one of the best products that reduce uric acid. The vegetable has a pronounced diuretic effect. Artichokes are eaten boiled and the remaining vegetable broth is drunk.

Apples are also considered a fruit that is beneficial for gout. The fruits contain a large amount of pectins, which bind and remove uric acid from the intestines.

Chestnut extract helps reduce uric acid levels normal indicators. In addition, the solution treats varicose veins and swelling of the legs.

Chestnut extract can be purchased at a pharmacy or prepared independently at home.

You need to take 1 tablespoon of crushed flowers, fruits and tree bark, add 1 cup of water and boil for 20 minutes. The decoction should be taken 20 drops in the morning before breakfast.

Nettle leaf is good for treating gout attacks. For treatment, fresh leaves are steamed with boiling water and applied to sore joints.

Strawberries are used to prevent disease. The fruits are best eaten when fresh, because heat treatment destroys a large number of vitamins.

Potato juice is also used to lower uric acid in the blood because it contains many alkalis.

Urates are bound by juice and excreted from the intestines. Thanks to medicinal properties potatoes, inflammation of the joints gradually decreases.

To prevent the development of the disease, all people over 45 years of age should undergo regular medical examination.

If tests reveal an increased amount of uric acid in the blood, then information on how to reduce this compound will be useful to patients.

Pick up medical supplies Treatment must be carried out by the attending physician; self-medication can be dangerous to health.

Drug therapy can be supplemented with traditional medicine methods after obtaining permission from a specialist.

What is uric acid? Many people don't know this. This component is not only urine, but also blood. It is a marker of purine metabolism. Its concentration in the blood helps specialists diagnose a number of diseases, including gout. Based on the level of this element in the blood, you can monitor the body’s response to treatment.

What is this element?

In the human body there are constantly metabolic processes. The result of the exchange can be salts, acids, alkalis and many other chemical compounds. To get rid of them, they need to be delivered to the appropriate part of the body. This task is performed with the help of blood, which is filtered by the kidneys. This explains the presence of uric acid in urine.

Let's look at what this is in more detail. Uric acid is the end product of the breakdown of purine bases. These elements enter the body with food. Purines are involved in the synthesis process nucleic acids(DNA and RNA), energy molecules ATP, as well as coenzymes.

It is worth noting that purines are not the only source of uric acid formation. It can be the result of the breakdown of body cells due to disease or old age. The source for the formation of uric acid can be synthesis in any cell of the human body.

The breakdown of purines occurs in the liver and intestines. Mucosal cells secrete special enzyme– xanthine oxidase, with which purines react. The end result of this “transformation” is acid.

It contains sodium and calcium salts. The share of the first component is 90%. In addition to salts, this includes hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon.

If uric acid is higher than normal, this indicates a metabolic disorder. As a result of such a malfunction, people experience the deposition of salts in their tissues, and as a result, severe diseases develop.

Functions

Despite the fact that excess uric acid can cause significant harm to the body, it is still impossible to do without it. She performs protective functions and has beneficial properties.

For example, in the process of protein metabolism, it acts as a catalyst. Its influence also extends to the hormones responsible for brain activity - adrenaline and norepinephrine. This means that its presence in the blood helps stimulate brain function. Its effect is similar to caffeine. People who have high levels of uric acid in their blood from birth are more active and proactive.

It has acidic and antioxidant properties that help heal wounds and fight inflammation.

Uric acid performs protective functions in the human body. She's struggling with free radicals. As a result, the risk of the appearance and development of benign and cancerous tumors is reduced.

Submission of analysis

A similar test is prescribed to determine the patient’s health status, as well as to diagnose a disease that could cause an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. To obtain true results, you must first prepare for donating blood.

You cannot eat 8 hours before visiting the laboratory; biomaterial is collected on an empty stomach. Spicy, salty and peppery foods, meat and offal, and legumes should be excluded from the menu. This diet should be followed for 24 hours before donating blood. During the same period, you need to stop drinking alcoholic beverages, especially wine and beer.

Uric acid higher than normal may be due to stress, emotional stress, or physical activity on the eve of the test.

Diuretic medications, vitamin C, caffeine, insulin, beta-blockers and ibuprofen can also distort the results. If you cannot refuse such medications, you should warn your doctor before taking the test.

The laboratory will take deoxygenated blood. The results of the study are prepared within 24 hours.

Normal indicators

If the results of the biochemical analysis showed figures corresponding to the data given in the table below, then everything is normal.

Age category (years)		Uric acid levels (µmol/l)
Children under 12		120-330
Up to 60	Men	250-400
Up to 60	Women	200-300
From 60	Men	250-480
From 60	Women	210-430
From90	Men	210-490
From90	Women	130-460

As can be seen from the table, the level increases with age. Highest value in elderly men, this is the norm of uric acid in the blood, since the need for proteins in male body higher. This means that they consume more foods rich in purine and, as a result, increased uric acid in the blood.

What can cause deviations from the norm?

The level of uric acid in the blood depends on the balance of 2 processes:

Protein synthesis
Elimination rates final products protein metabolism.

When a protein metabolism disorder occurs, this can provoke an increase in the content of this acid in the blood. Concentrations of uric acid in the blood plasma above the normal range are referred to as hyperuricemia, concentrations below the normal range are referred to as hypouricemia. Concentrations of uric acid in urine above and below normal are known as hyperuricosuria and hypouricosuria. Salivary uric acid levels may be related to blood uric acid levels.

Causes of hyperuricemia:

Taking diuretics (diuretics),
Decrease in the intensity of excretion of substances by the kidneys,
Toxicosis,
Alcoholism,
Kidney failure
Malnutrition or prolonged fasting.

Increased levels can also occur in diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, cancer, etc.

It is worth noting that even a slightly increased level of this substance can cause the formation of solid deposits of uric acid salts - urates - in organs and tissues.

Increased rate

Now we’ll find out why uric acid in the blood is elevated: causes, symptoms and consequences.

In medicine, hyperuricemia is divided into two types: primary and secondary.

Primary hyperuricemia

This type is congenital or idiopathic. This pathology occurs with a frequency of 1%. Such patients have a hereditary defect in the structure of the enzyme, which affects the processing of purine. As a result, there is a high level of uric acid in the blood.

The appearance of secondary hyperuricemia may occur due to poor nutrition. Use in large quantities foods containing purine can significantly increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine.

This type of hyperuricemia may be associated with the following conditions:

Gout - painful condition, caused by needle-shaped crystals of uric acid deposited in joints, capillaries, skin and other tissues. Gout can occur if the serum uric acid level reaches 360 µmol/L, but there are cases when the serum uric acid value reaches 560 µmol/L without causing gout.

In the human body, purines are metabolized into uric acid, which is then excreted in the urine. Regular consumption of certain types of purine-rich foods - meat, especially beef and pork liver (liver, heart, tongue, kidneys) and some types of seafood, including anchovies, herring, sardines, mussels, scallops, trout, haddock, mackerel and tuna. There are also foods whose consumption is less dangerous: turkey, chicken and rabbit. Moderate consumption Purine-rich vegetables are not associated with increased risk gout Gout used to be called the “disease of kings” because gourmet dishes and red wine contain high levels of purines.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

This extremely rare inherited disorder is also associated with high serum uric acid levels. This syndrome causes spasticity, involuntary movement and cognitive retardation, as well as manifestations of gout.

Hyperuricemia may increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Stones in the kidneys

Saturated levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to one form of kidney stones when urates crystallize in the kidneys. Acetic acid crystals may also contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones by acting as "seed crystals"

Kelly-Siegmiller syndrome,

Increased activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase synthesis,

Patients with this disease do biochemical analysis to increase uric acid annually.

Secondary hyperuricemia

This phenomenon may be a sign of the following diseases:

AIDS,
Fanconi syndrome,
cancerous tumors,
Diabetes mellitus (Hyperuricemia may be a consequence of insulin resistance in diabetes, rather than a precursor),
High degree burns
Hypereosinophilia syndrome.

There are other reasons for increased uric acid - impaired kidney function. They cannot remove excess acids from the body. As a result, kidney stones may appear.

High levels of uric acid are observed in the following diseases:

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia

There are cases when the patient has no symptoms of the disease, but the indicators are elevated. This condition called asymptomatic hyperuricemia. It occurs during acute gouty arthritis. Indicators for this disease are unstable. At first, the acid content seems to be normal, but after a while the numbers can double. However, these changes do not affect the patient’s well-being. This course of the disease is possible in 10% of patients.

Symptoms of hyperuricemia

With hyperuricemia, symptoms vary among different age groups.

In very young children the disease manifests itself as skin rashes: diathesis, dermatitis, allergies or psoriasis. The peculiarity of such manifestations is their resistance to standard methods of therapy.

In older children, the symptoms are somewhat different. They may have stomach pain, slurred speech, and bedwetting.

The course of the disease in adults is accompanied by joint pain. The feet and joints of the fingers are the first to be affected. Then the disease spreads its effect to the knee and elbow joints. IN advanced cases, skin covering over the affected area turns red and becomes hot. Over time, patients begin to experience pain in the stomach and lower back during urination. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, the blood vessels and nervous system. The person will suffer from insomnia and headaches. All this can lead to heart attack, angina and hypertension.

Treatment

Some specialists prescribe medications to ensure that uric acid in the blood is normal. But a certain food diet over the rest of life is more effective method treatment.

If the patient has hyperuricemia, treatment includes dieting. The patient's diet additionally includes:

carrot juice,

Birch juice,

Flax seed,

celery juice,

Oatmeal broth,

Cranberry juice,

Rosehip infusion.

These herbal infusions and juices contribute to the rapid dissolution and leaching of salt deposits from the body.

Fatty foods, meat broths, fried, salted, smoked and pickled foods are excluded. Meat can only be eaten boiled or baked. It is recommended to stop using meat broths, since purines are transferred from the meat into the broth when cooked. Meat intake limit – 3 times a week.

Under special prohibition alcoholic drinks. In exceptional cases, only 30 g of vodka is allowed. Beer and red wine are especially contraindicated.

Give preference to alkaline mineral water.

Salt consumption should be kept to a minimum. Ideally, it is better to abandon it altogether.

It is necessary to monitor the frequency of food intake. Fasting can only worsen the patient's condition and increase uric acid levels. Therefore, the number of meals per day should be 5-6 times. Fasting days it's better to spend on fermented milk products and fruits.

Some types of products should be excluded from the menu:

Apples, potatoes, plums, pears, and apricots help reduce uric acid levels. You should also monitor water balance– 2.5 liters of liquid per day should be drunk.

Treat high level Acid levels in the blood can also be achieved through physiotherapeutic procedures. This way, plasmapheresis will help cleanse the blood of excess salts. Don't neglect therapeutic exercises. A number of simple exercises (leg swings, “bicycle”, walking in place, etc.) will help stabilize metabolism. Massage also helps break down uric acid salts.

From medicines complexes are prescribed that have anti-inflammatory, diuretic and analgesic properties. There are 3 types of drugs for hyperuricemia:

Actions aimed at removing excess uric acid: Probenecid, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, allopurinol.
Helps reduce acid production. They are prescribed to patients who have had urolithiasis and those diagnosed with renal failure,
Helping to transfer uric acid from the tissue into the blood, and promoting its excretion: “Zinkhoven”.

The course of treatment involves the diagnosis and elimination of concomitant diseases and the factors that caused them. Thereby eliminating the reasons that caused the increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. If uric acid in the blood is elevated, this negatively affects a person’s condition. Salt sediment settles on tissues and organs. Treatment for such a deviation is varied: diet, physiotherapy, medications and ethnoscience. All these techniques together can help normalize acid levels.