home Audience 2 Alcohol intoxication consequences. Do I need to call an ambulance? How doctors called to your home provide assistance

Alcohol intoxication consequences. Do I need to call an ambulance? How doctors called to your home provide assistance

Alcohol poisoning in Russia occupies a leading position among household poisoning. Alcohol accounts for more than 60% of all fatal poisoning. Most of deaths(95%-98%) occurs before medical care is provided. How to recognize alcohol poisoning, and what measures should be taken to avoid tragic consequences?

Ethanol(ethyl or wine alcohol) - a chemical substance of moderate toxic activity, colorless, volatile, flammable. Mixes with water in any quantity, easily dissolves in fats. It spreads quickly throughout the body and easily penetrates biological membranes.

Interesting facts about alcohol

Ethanol is a natural substance for our body. Normally, ethanol is formed during the metabolism of various substances, as well as during fermentation in the intestines. However, its concentration is minimal (0.003 g/l) and does not pose a health threat.
20% of ethanol taken is absorbed in the stomach, the remaining 80% is absorbed into small intestine.
On empty stomach in 15 minutes half of it is absorbed into the blood dose taken ethanol On average, after 1 hour 30 minutes the maximum concentration of ethanol is observed in the blood.
Strong (more than 30 degrees) and carbonated alcoholic drinks are absorbed into the blood most quickly.
The rate of ethanol absorption increases with repeated doses and in case of stomach diseases (gastritis, peptic ulcer).
Food in the stomach reduces the rate of ethanol absorption. In this regard, drinking alcoholic beverages on a full stomach is one of the preventions of alcohol poisoning. As a rule, immediate consumption of 0.5 liters of vodka by adults will cause alcohol poisoning. However, the same amount of vodka drunk during the day will only maintain a state of intoxication.
Having a good ability to dissolve in fats, ethanol easily penetrates the body through the skin. Fatal cases of poisoning of children when using alcoholic plant extracts for compresses and wraps have been described.
Ethanol easily penetrates the placental barrier and spreads throughout the fetal body. The toxic effect of alcohol on the fetus is much stronger than on the mother's body.
The average lethal dose of alcohol is 300 ml of 96% ethanol in a single dose.
Ethanol is excreted from the body in three main ways: 1) 2-4% of ethanol is excreted through the kidneys, 2) 3-7% is excreted through the lungs, 3) up to 90-95% of ethanol is processed in the liver, where it is ultimately broken down to carbon dioxide and water.

What are the symptoms and signs of alcohol poisoning?

The first signs of alcohol poisoning

Drinking alcohol can cause three various states:

State	Characteristic
Alcohol intoxication 4 degrees of intoxication: Lightweight Average Heavy	The patient's consciousness is preserved, but slight disturbances may be observed. At first, a person experiences high spirits, emotional excitement, and euphoria. Then the thinking processes slow down, both mental and physical activity decreases, consciousness is depressed, the person becomes lethargic, slow, and drowsy.
Alcohol poisoning	If coma develops, they speak of alcohol poisoning.
Alcohol intoxication	The toxic effect of ethanol breakdown products on the body, while ethanol itself is not detected in the blood.

The first symptoms of alcohol poisoning and the mechanisms of their occurrence

What is affected?	Symptoms	Mechanism of occurrence
Gastrointestinal tract	Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea Vomit	Pain is the direct damaging effect of ethanol on the gastric mucosa and small intestine Diarrhea - impaired absorption of water and minerals, fats; rapid deficiency of the enzyme necessary for the digestion of lactose Nausea is a sign of general intoxication Vomiting - most often has a central character, that is, it is associated with the toxic effect of ethanol on the central nervous system
central nervous system	Mental excitement Euphoria Delusions, hallucinations Possible seizures Impairment of attention, speech, perception Impaired coordination of movements Violation of thermoregulation Decreased body temperature Increased sweating Pupil dilation	Damaging effect of ethanol on nerve cells of the central nervous system Metabolic disorder nerve cells, oxygen starvation Toxic effect of intermediate products of ethanol breakdown (acetaldehyde, acetate, ketone bodies)
The cardiovascular system	Cardiopalmus Redness of the face, pallor of the skin (in severe condition) Dizziness General weakness, malaise	During vomiting and diarrhea, a patient loses a lot of fluid from the body. In addition, due to the increase in permeability vascular wall, fluid from the vascular bed passes into the intercellular space. To compensate for the volume of circulating blood, the body includes a number of compensatory mechanisms: increased heart rate, narrowing of peripheral vessels, thus redistributing blood to more important organs.
Respiratory system	Breathing is rapid, noisy Acute respiratory failure	Damage to the respiratory center metabolic disorder, development of cerebral edema A compensatory mechanism to restore the acid-base balance. Acute respiratory failure - retraction of the tongue, entry of vomit into the Airways, reflex spasm of the larynx, bronchi)
Violation of water-mineral balance, kidney damage	Increased urination Decreased urine production up to complete absence(in severe stages!)	Ethanol increases urine output by decreasing secretion antidiuretic hormone(a hormone of the hypothalamus that retains water in the body). Ethanol also removes potassium, calcium, and magnesium from the body, interfering with their absorption in the intestines. A deficiency of Ca, K, and Mg occurs in the body. In severe stages, ethanol damages the structural elements of the kidney.
Liver damage	Pain in the right hypochondrium Maybe: Yellowness of the sclera and skin	Direct damaging effect on liver cells, disruption of intracellular metabolism.

Severe alcohol poisoning

In severe cases, the patient falls into a coma, that is, loses consciousness and does not respond to external stimuli(pat on cheeks, loud sounds, tingling, etc.). Ethanol concentration in the blood of 3 g/l or more causes coma.
There are 2 phases of alcoholic coma: superficial coma and deep.

Coma phase:	Symptoms
Superficial coma	Loss of consciousness Reduced pain sensitivity Floating movements eyeballs Different pupils on the eyes (constricted on one, dilated on the other) React to irritation by changing facial expressions or making defensive movements The face and mucous membranes of the eyes are often red Excessive salivation Cardiopalmus Dyspnea
Deep coma	Complete loss of pain sensitivity Decreased or absent tendon reflexes A loss muscle tone Decreased body temperature The skin is pale, bluish Possible seizures The depth and frequency of breathing decreases Marked increase in frequency heart rate(more than 120 beats per minute) Lower blood pressure

What determines the severity of alcohol poisoning?

Factor	Why?
Quantity alcohol taken	When large doses of alcohol enter the body, especially at one time, the liver (the main organ responsible for the detoxifying function of the body) simply does not have time to process it. And ethanol, as well as the products of its incomplete breakdown, accumulate in the blood and damage vital important organs(brain, kidneys, liver, heart, etc.). A healthy liver of a man weighing 80 kg completely processes only 8 grams in 1 hour. pure alcohol. For example, 100 ml of 40 proof vodka contains 31.6 g. pure alcohol.
Age	Children and the elderly are most sensitive to the effects of alcohol. In children, the neutralization mechanisms have not yet fully formed in the liver. In older people, these mechanisms no longer perform their function sufficiently.
Individual intolerance	Most often, alcohol intolerance and the rapid development of alcohol poisoning occur among people of the Mongoloid race. They have a genetically determined low activity of a special enzyme necessary for the complete breakdown of ethanol (aldehyde dehydrogenase). Intoxication occurs as a result of the accumulation of a product of incomplete decomposition of ethanol (acetaldehyde).
Overwork, malnutrition, pregnancy, liver disease, pancreas, diabetes.	All of these conditions reduce liver function, including its detoxifying function.
Concomitant use of alcohol with medications	The toxic effect of ethanol increases with simultaneous administration with the following drugs: sleeping pills, tranquilizers, antidepressants, painkillers (morphine, omnopon), etc.
Impurities and additives	The toxic effect of ethanol is increased due to impurities and additives: methyl alcohol, higher alcohols, aldehydes, furfural, ethylene glycol, etc.
Alcohol consumption on an empty stomach	On an empty stomach, half the dose taken is absorbed into the blood within 15 minutes. Drinking alcohol with food, especially with carbohydrate foods, significantly reduces the rate of its absorption and thereby reduces fast growth ethanol concentrations in the blood.

How to drink without getting drunk and avoid a hangover?"Verified" folk remedies a lot, but, unfortunately, not all of them work as they should. There is a reliable remedy in the arsenal of medicine - PEPIDOL.
With PEPIDOL everything is simple: take 50 milliliters of solution 15-30 minutes before the feast and 50 milliliters in the morning. Intoxication after drinking alcohol, of course, occurs, but due to the fact that PEPIDOL envelops the intestinal wall, this happens much more slowly. In addition, PEPIDOL is an excellent sorbent. It helps remove poisons, toxins, and alcohol metabolism products from the body. You seem to have drunk, but you feel like a “cucumber”. It turns out that PEPIDOL is something like a remedy for a real intelligence officer, when after drinking you can easily control everything.
It should be noted that PEPIDOL also works when a hangover has already set in. In this situation, you also need to take 50 milliliters of the solution and 50 milliliters after three hours.

Poisoning with alcohol substitutes

Alcohol substitutes- This different kinds liquids that are not intended for internal consumption, but are used instead of alcoholic beverages to achieve a state of intoxication.
Types of surrogates:

Colognes, lotions, various medicinal tinctures(hawthorn, motherwort, etc.)
Technical fluids (brake fluid, antifreeze, windshield wipers, etc.)
Methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol are the most dangerous surrogates.

In general, the symptoms of poisoning with alcohol surrogates are similar to ethanol poisoning. First of all, these are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malaise, general weakness, impaired coordination of movements, lethargy, drowsiness, impaired consciousness. However, poisoning methyl alcohol and ethanol has a number of features and is particularly severe.

Methyl alcohol poisoning

Methyl alcohol is found in: car window cleaners and solvents. In the body, methyl alcohol is oxidized to formaldehyde and formic acid, which carry out the main toxic effect. Symptoms of poisoning occur 12-24 after consumption. Symptoms: headache, nausea, persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, malaise, visual impairment(floaters, fog before the eyes, double vision, blindness). Methyl alcohol poisoning often affects the retina and optic nerve, which in many cases leads to blindness. Persistent dilation of the pupil during poisoning is considered an unfavorable prognostic sign. In severe cases, death occurs from respiratory paralysis and impaired cardiovascular activity.

Ethylene glycol poisoning

Ethylene glycol is found in: brake fluid, antifreeze, solvents, glass cleaner. When ethylene glycol enters the body during its breakdown, glycolic and oxalic acid are formed, which determine the severe course of poisoning. Oxalic acid forms insoluble salts that clog renal tubules, causing acute renal failure. Severe symptoms poisoning occurs 4-8 hours after consuming ethylene glycol. Symptoms: nausea, repeated vomiting, mental and physical agitation, tremors, convulsions, depression of consciousness, coma. 2-3 days after poisoning, symptoms of acute renal failure: sharp pains in the lower back, abdomen, urine the color of “meat slop”, decreased amount of urine.

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning?

Do I need to call an ambulance?

Not really

Why?

Yes need!

This must be done as early as possible.

Alcohol poisoning is a serious pathological condition that often leads to death.
Only a specialist is able to objectively assess the patient’s condition.
Treatment of alcohol poisoning requires the administration of a number of medications.
In most cases, treatment of alcohol poisoning is carried out in the intensive care unit.
Untimely and incorrectly provided first aid often leads to death. 95% of all deaths from alcohol poisoning occur before first aid is provided.

First aid for alcohol poisoning

What to do?	How?	For what?
Ensure airway patency	Take out your tongue if it gets stuck Clean your mouth If possible, use a rubber bulb to remove the contents oral cavity(mucus, saliva, vomit residues) In case of excessive salivation, administer 1.0-0.1% atropine intravenously	Ensure adequate oxygen supply. Prevent blockage of the upper respiratory tract.
Position the patient correctly and fix the tongue	The patient should be placed on his side Press your tongue to prevent it from sticking in (you can press your tongue with a spoon or your finger; it is better to wrap a napkin or handkerchief around your finger so that the tongue does not slip out)	To prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract. Tongue retraction is a common cause of death in unconscious.
In case of cardiac and respiratory arrest, perform indirect massage hearts and artificial respiration	2 breaths and 30 presses chest constitute one cycle of resuscitation actions. Repeat until breathing and heartbeat appear or until the ambulance arrives. It’s better to do it in pairs, alternating so that the presses are effective.	The method is able to restart cardiac and respiratory activity or support vital organs until specialized help arrives.
Bring to consciousness if the patient is unconscious	Bring a cotton swab with ammonia to a distance of 1 cm from the nose	Ammonia has an awakening effect, stimulates breathing.
Induce vomiting (if the patient is conscious!)	Drink 1-3 cups of salt solution (1 tsp per 1 cup warm water) Take the remedy vomiting(ipecac root), 2 tsp per glass of water.	The procedure is effective, for the first time hours after drinking alcohol. Since complete absorption of ethanol from digestive tract into the blood for 40-90 minutes (on an empty stomach). Vomiting is contraindicated when the patient is unconscious or in a serious condition. Since there is a high risk of vomit entering the respiratory tract, which can lead to severe consequences up to and including death.
Perform gastric lavage	If possible, perform gastric lavage through a tube Drink as much water as possible, then press on the root of the tongue to induce vomiting. Repeat until the vomit is clear. (Water can be salted for 1 liter 1 tsp.)	The method is effective only during the first hours of poisoning. Within 1-2 hours, most of the ethanol is absorbed into the blood. After 2-3 hours from the moment of drinking alcohol, gastric lavage is ineffective.
Warm the patient	Place in a warm room, wrap in a blanket, dress, etc.	Alcohol causes peripheral vasodilation, which is accompanied by severe heat loss.
Accept adsorbent(a substance capable of absorbing various types of toxins) activated carbon, white carbon, polysorb, entorosgel, etc.	White coal: 3-4 tablets, up to 3-4 times a day Enterosgel: 6 tablespoons, once. Polysorb: Adults: 2-3 tablespoons, place in ¼-½ glass of water. Activated carbon: 1 gram per 10 kg of patient weight, 1 tablet. =0.25 gr. On average 30-40 tablets. appointment. For greater effectiveness, the tablets should be crushed into powder and diluted in 100-200 ml of water. Average daily dose 20-30 gr., 80-120 tab.	Adsorbents are most effective during the first hours of poisoning. Alcohol that has not yet been absorbed into the blood is bound and removed from the body.
Take substances that accelerate the neutralization and removal of ethanol from the body	Metadoxyl dose 300-600 mg (5-10 ml), intramuscularly; Or add 300-900 mg of metadoxyl to 500 ml of saline solution or 5% glucose solution and administer intravenously over 90 minutes. Vitamins + Glucose Traditionally mixed in one syringe: 1) vit. B1 (thiamine) 2ml-5%; 2)vit. B6 (pyridoxine) 3 ml-5%; 3)vit.C ( ascorbic acid) 5-10ml-5%; 4)10-20 ml 40% glucose Administer intravenously. Bee honey 100-200 grams in 2-3 doses (honey contains a large number of fructose)	Metadoxil is a drug created specifically for the treatment of alcohol intoxication. Increases the activity of enzymes responsible for ethanol utilization. Thereby speeds up the processes of processing and removal of ethanol. Restores liver cells. Improves mental condition sick. Do not use in cases of poisoning with surrogates (methanol, ethylene glycol), in which case their toxic effect will only increase. Vitamins, glucose, fructose, improve metabolic processes, accelerate the processes of neutralization and elimination of ethanol. Thiamine reduces the risk of alcoholic psychosis.
Restore water-mineral balance	Droppers: Sodium bicarbonate 4% -400 ml Hemodez 400 ml Quartosol, acesol 500 ml Drink up: Brine (cucumber, cabbage) Mineral water(0.5-1.5 l)	Solutions improve circulation through blood vessels and restore the necessary water and mineral balance. Neutralizes and removes toxins from the blood.
Accept Hepatoprotectors	Ademetionine (heptral) 2-4 tablets per day for 2 weeks, 1 tablet = 400 mg Essentiale 1-2 capsules 3 times a day, course from 3 to 6 months. 1 capsule = 300 mg	Restore damaged liver cells, improve their function, accelerate the processes of ethanol neutralization.
In case of poisoning methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol drink ethyl alcohol	For the first time during poisoning hours, drink high-quality strong alcohol: 200 ml cognac, whiskey, vodka 40-50 ml vodka 40 degrees. every 3 hours 4-methylpyrazole, 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight, together with aqueous solution ethanol 200 ml orally, every 3-4 hours	Ethyl alcohol acts as an antidote; it stops the breakdown of methyl alcohol into toxic substances (formic acid and formaldehyde). 4-methylpyrazole (pyrosole, fomepizole) is the newest antidote for poisoning with methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol. The drug reduces the activity of the liver enzyme (alcohol dehydrogenase), thereby interrupting the formation of toxic substances from the above alcohols.

What should you not do if you have alcohol poisoning?

Lay the patient on his back, there is a high risk that he will choke on vomit
Give alcohol again only if it is not poisoning with methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol
Take a cold shower. With alcohol poisoning, thermoregulation processes are disrupted, and the body already suffers from heat loss. Cold shower can only make the situation worse.
Force the victim to get to his feet and walk. At the time of poisoning, all organs and systems are working in extreme mode, and any additional stress can lead to damage.
Do not leave the patient alone. For example: the victim may lose consciousness at any moment and suffocate if the tongue becomes retracted.
Do not induce vomiting, do not perform gastric lavage if the patient is unconscious (at home). There is a high risk of gastric juice entering the respiratory tract and developing acute respiratory failure.

Complications of alcohol poisoning

Acute toxic hepatitis
Acute liver failure
Alcohol delirium (" delirium tremens"), delirium, hallucinations
Mendelssohn syndrome(Mendelssohn's syndrome - serious condition, in which acute respiratory failure develops due to gastric juice entering the respiratory tract). With alcohol poisoning, the syndrome often develops when vomit enters the respiratory tract.

Prevention of alcohol poisoning

Don't drink alcohol on an empty stomach
Do not drink alcohol in large doses
Do not drink alcohol if you have diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, overwork, or lack of nutrition.
Do not drink alcohol while taking medications (antidepressants, sleeping pills, painkillers, etc.)
Eat a big meal before drinking alcohol
Snack after drinking alcohol
Try not to combine different alcoholic drinks
Try to take alcoholic drinks in increasing degrees
Do not drink low-quality alcoholic beverages
The best prevention- DO NOT drink at all!

Alcohol intoxication is a wide range of psychophysiological disorders caused by alcohol ethyl alcohol and its breakdown products when consuming large amounts of alcohol and systematic abuse of alcoholic beverages.

Alcohol intoxication is poisoning of the body by the breakdown products of ethyl alcohol.

Causes and risk factors

There is only one reason for alcohol intoxication – excessive alcohol consumption. Normally, two types of liver enzymes with different metabolic activities are responsible for the breakdown of ethyl alcohol molecules - alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is further metabolized by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to harmless acetic acid.

The efficiency of ethanol breakdown varies widely depending on genetic factors, gender, age, health, body type and external conditions. The lower the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the stronger the individual's predisposition to alcoholism and alcohol intoxication. The action of enzymes weakens against the background of malnutrition, chronic stress, lack of sleep, high strength and low quality alcohol, etc. As a result, the concentration of pure ethanol and acetaldehyde in the bloodstream quickly reaches critical level, as a result of which signs of intoxication appear even when consuming small doses of alcohol.

In men, the content of alcohol dehydrogenase is on average higher than in women, and in children and adolescents it is an order of magnitude lower than in adults. Ethnicity also matters: in some peoples, more advantageous combinations of alleles of genes encoding the structure of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase are more common, while in others, genetic combinations are less successful.

Acute alcohol poisoning can cause exacerbations chronic diseases, hypertensive crises and acute disorders cerebral circulation.

Forms

Depending on the nature and duration of alcohol consumption, acute and chronic forms of alcohol intoxication are distinguished. When a large amount of alcohol enters the body one time, a person who does not regularly drink alcohol experiences an acute alcohol intoxication, in which the pathological process is localized primarily in the nervous system.

Occasionally, when drinking alcohol, even in minute quantities, some people develop morbid intoxication, characterized by a complete loss of control over oneself and a rapid increase in psychotic symptoms. The patient may be haunted by hallucinations, in some cases unmotivated aggression. Being in an altered state of consciousness, the patient may commit an offense. The attack ends deep sleep, and after waking up the person does not remember what happened.

Against the background of long-term alcoholism, a dangerous pathological condition develops - chronic alcohol intoxication, accompanied by damage to internal organs and systems. Typical manifestations of chronic alcohol intoxication include:

tremor;
chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system;
chronic hepatitis and pancreatitis;
cerebrovascular accidents – up to cerebral ischemia and micro-strokes;
alcoholic encephalopathy;
delirious disorders.

Against the background of chronic alcohol intoxication, in some cases it develops alcoholic epilepsy and delirium - an acute psychotic state accompanied by delusions, stereotypies and frightening hallucinations, which is popularly called delirium tremens.

Stages

Depending on the concentration of pure ethanol in the bloodstream, three degrees of acute alcohol intoxication are distinguished.

Blood alcohol content is less than 0.2%. Manifestations of intoxication are similar signs of lung intoxication, medical assistance is usually not required.
The blood alcohol level rises to 0.2–0.3%. Signs of damage to the central nervous system are increasing: coordination of movements sharply deteriorates, speech becomes incoherent and illegible, facial expressions lose expressiveness; dizziness and double vision appear; After an attack, a hangover syndrome develops.
When the ethanol content in the blood exceeds 0.3%, the patient’s life is threatened. Due to severe depression of central nervous system functions, respiratory disturbances and arrhythmia are observed; there is a high probability of developing alcoholic coma and cardiac arrest.

Signs of acute alcohol intoxication, mild and medium degree many are familiar with firsthand:

euphoria and emotional disinhibition;
facial hyperemia;
sweating;
muscle tremors;
nausea and vomiting;
dilated pupils;
increased thirst;
dizziness and severe headaches;
inhibited facial expressions and gestures;
fluent, unintelligible speech;
impaired concentration and slow reaction;
uncoordinated movements and unsteady gait;
loss of ability to objectively assess the situation.

Children can be exposed to alcohol intoxication even in the prenatal period. Regular use drinking alcohol in a pregnant woman leads to systemic violations intrauterine development of the fetus.

Forecast

With timely assistance, acute alcohol poisoning ends in recovery even in cases where there was an alcoholic coma. In the chronic form, the prognosis depends on the patient’s motivation to fight alcoholism and the depth of damage to internal organs.

Prevention

Absolute protection against alcohol poisoning is provided only by complete failure from its use, however, the majority of the population does not consider this option due to cultural traditions. To reduce the harmful effects of ethanol on nervous system It is recommended to limit yourself to minimal portions of alcohol, avoid drinking low-quality alcohol and not mixing different drinks. Considering that in case of hypoglycemia, the efficiency of ethanol utilization is an order of magnitude lower than normal, you should avoid drinking on an empty stomach, and during a feast, combine alcoholic drinks with food, rich in proteins and carbohydrates. IN stressful situations, after illnesses and if you are very tired, it is better to abstain from alcohol - the body’s reaction to alcohol in such cases can be unpredictable.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Alcohol intoxication is a complex of behavioral, physiological and psychological reactions, which usually begin to progress after drinking alcohol in large doses. The main reason - negative impact on organs and systems of ethanol and its breakdown products, which cannot leave the body for a long time. This pathological condition is manifested by impaired coordination of movements, euphoria, impaired orientation in space, and loss of attentiveness. IN severe cases intoxication can lead to coma.

It is worth noting the fact that intoxication significantly increases the risk of exacerbation of many chronic pathologies, and also provokes the occurrence of conditions that pose a danger to both health and human life. Clinicians include these conditions:

Degrees

Depending on the general condition of a person, there are three degrees of alcohol intoxication:

mild degree. Ethanol reaches the brain, while dilating blood vessels located as close as possible to the surface of the skin. At the same time, a blush appears on the person’s face. The alcohol content in the bloodstream does not exceed 2%. This stage manifested by the following symptoms: high spirits, dilated pupils and possible diarrhea. Also, a person has increased sweating, frequent urination, incoherent and too loud speech. Usually this degree It doesn’t last long, and you don’t need to do anything to eliminate it ( medical supplies not used);
average degree. The bloodstream contains 2 to 3% alcohol. General state the person deteriorates significantly. Gait is disturbed visual function(double vision). Speech is unintelligible. At this level, a person usually falls asleep very quickly. The next morning he shows all the signs of a hangover.
severe degree. The alcohol content in the bloodstream exceeds 3%. This stage is the most dangerous, since with its development the risk increases significantly fatal outcome. Due to severe alcohol intoxication, the respiratory function, the heart stops and an alcoholic coma occurs. If nothing is done at this time, death will occur. At the first signs of pathology, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Kinds

acute alcohol intoxication;
chronic alcohol intoxication.

Acute form

Acute alcohol intoxication is usually diagnosed in people who do not regularly drink alcoholic beverages. It manifests itself as euphoria, impaired coordination of movements, and impaired attention. Nausea and vomiting may occur. These signs of alcohol poisoning can be eliminated by taking aspirin and diuretics. It is also important to drink more fluids. People often resort to means traditional medicine– drink brine or kefir. It is not recommended to do this, as it can only worsen your condition.

Chronic form

If a person regularly drinks alcoholic beverages, he develops chronic alcohol intoxication. This condition very dangerous, as it entails toxic damage to internal organs. As a result, a person with alcohol addiction the following signs appear:

anxiety;
tremor;
muscle atrophy;
dystrophy;
hyperemia of the skin on the face.

Symptoms

Symptoms of alcohol intoxication begin to appear when ethanol accumulates in the body:

inhibited facial expressions;
speech disorder;
dilated pupils;
the person is very thirsty;
headache;
dizziness;
retardation of movements;
severe nausea;
vomit. Thus, the body independently tries to get rid of the poison;
sparkle in the eyes;
pulse slows down;
reassessment of one's capabilities;
liberated instincts;
weakness;
disturbance of consciousness.

Diagnostics

If symptoms of alcohol intoxication appear, the person should be immediately taken to medical institution. Diagnostics pathological condition is not difficult, since clinical picture quite bright. To determine the alcohol contained in exhaled air, the qualitative Rappoport reaction is used.

Additional diagnostic techniques:

Karandaev method;
ADN method;
photometric method;
gas-liquid chromatography method.

Treatment

Treatment of alcohol intoxication is carried out both at home and in the hospital. When severe poisoning, it is recommended to place the patient in a hospital so that he is under constant medical supervision. The first thing to do is to prevent further absorption of alcohol into the body. For this purpose, the patient is given 10 tablets activated carbon, after which the stomach is washed with warm water.

To reduce the concentration of alcohol in the blood, the following drugs are used:

sterile glucose solution;
ascorbic acid;
a nicotinic acid.

In case of severe alcohol intoxication, doctors resort to intravenous administration drugs containing active substances. This should only be done in inpatient conditions so that the doctor can monitor the patient’s condition. WITH therapeutic purpose the following drugs are prescribed:

Drug therapy also includes the following drugs:

analeptics and psychostimulants: cordiamine, sulfocamphocaine;
vitamins: ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, thiamine chloride;
antispasmodics: aminophylline, papaverine, no-spa;
hepatoprotectors (drugs that protect and restore liver cells): piracetam, essentiale, mildronate;
psychotropic drugs.

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Diseases with similar symptoms:

Migraine is a fairly common neurological disease accompanied by severe paroxysmal headache. Migraine, the symptoms of which consist of pain, concentrated on one side of the head mainly in the area of the eyes, temples and forehead, nausea, and in some cases vomiting, occurs without reference to brain tumors, stroke and serious injuries head, although it may indicate the relevance of the development of certain pathologies.

Alcohol is a poison to the human body and can have harmful, painful and in some cases even fatal effects. The term “alcohol intoxication” is appropriate when the ppm of alcohol in the blood significantly exceeds 0.4.

Symptoms of alcohol intoxication

If the amount of alcohol in the blood fluctuates around 1.5 ppm, then this condition is called initial stage alcohol intoxication. This stage is fraught with painful. When the ppm level reaches 2-3, the average stage of alcohol intoxication begins, and all values above the indicated figures indicate a severe stage of the condition in question.

Naturally, it is impossible to accurately determine ppm at home, so the presence/absence of certain symptoms is used to differentiate the stages of alcohol intoxication. The following signs will be characteristic of the first and second (mild and moderate) stages of alcohol intoxication:

The above symptoms correspond to the first and second stages of alcohol intoxication; damage to the body will be caused, but it is still fixable. The second stage of the condition under consideration can end with alcohol anesthesia or go into the third (severe) stage, which has some characteristic features. The third stage of alcohol intoxication will be characterized by:

total loss control over your body - both walking and just sitting is quite difficult;
cold and clammy skin;
lack of intelligible speech.

Important! The onset of the third stage of alcohol intoxication is fraught with serious consequences, including alcoholic coma and death. The first two stages of the phenomenon under consideration can be completely compensated for at home, but if a person develops symptoms of severe intoxication, then an ambulance needs to be called. Before the doctor arrives, the sick person must be wrapped in a blanket, and if he is conscious, then vomited.

How to relieve alcohol intoxication

It is worth knowing that there are a number of measures that will prevent alcohol intoxication. If you are planning a feast, then in order to avoid the development of the condition in question, you need to prepare the body:

immediately before the feast, take several tablets of activated carbon (3-5) and continue to take them as you consume alcoholic beverages (for example, every hour and a half, 2-3 tablets);
before the start of the holiday, eat a bowl of thick porridge from any cereal;
Before drinking alcohol, drink a glass of whole milk.

These methods will not save the body from the negative effects of alcohol, but will minimize the consequences.

To reduce the consequences of alcohol intoxication of the first and second stages, doctors recommend drinking a lot of water, but you should not get carried away with brine - it contains acid, which creates only short-term compounds with ethanol, which automatically complicates the removal of toxins from the body. An excellent way to quickly restore health after drinking alcohol is to drink, which not only neutralizes the effect of acetaldehydes, but also has an analgesic effect.

Note:Vomiting due to alcohol intoxication is great! In no case should you restrain the urge to vomit, since it is in this way that the stomach is freed from excess alcohol, which will invariably lead to relief from alcohol intoxication.

At the first and second stages the best method To combat alcohol intoxication there will be vomiting and subsequent sleep. But if in the second stage of the condition under consideration a person has fallen into alcohol anesthesia, then under no circumstances should one induce vomiting! You need to constantly be near a sick person to prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract during involuntary vomiting.

If alcohol intoxication occurs in a mild or moderate stage, then you can force it yourself natural processes removing alcohol from the body:

Take in moderation cold and hot shower– the water should be cool, but not icy. The procedure is carried out within 5-10 minutes, but if your condition does not allow you to take such a shower, then you should at least rub your body with a damp towel.
Take painkillers to relieve headaches, but they contain there should be no paracetamol.
No later than 2 hours after the onset of symptoms of alcohol intoxication, take Filtrum or Polysorb - enterosorbents will reduce Negative influence alcohol on the body will contribute to the rapid removal of toxins from the gastrointestinal tract.
After getting rid of acute symptoms For alcohol intoxication, it will be useful to consume chicken or beef broth.
To fall asleep peacefully, you can take motherwort in tablets.

Treatment of alcohol intoxication

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Treatment will be required in severe cases of alcohol intoxication and, first of all, it will be necessary to prevent further absorption of alcohol into the blood. For this purpose, a person with severe alcohol intoxication is given 10 tablets to drink, and then the stomach is washed. This procedure can be carried out by introducing a large amount of warm water into the patient’s stomach, after which a gag reflex is induced by mechanical irritation of the root of the tongue. At the same time, doctors take measures aimed at preventing the development of collapse, for which cordiamine or caffeine is administered intramuscularly.

Most effective means Treatment of severe alcohol intoxication is a method of rapid sobering up. First, the patient is injected intramuscularly with vitamin B6 and literally after 5-10 minutes he begins to think much better, and a certain enlightenment of the mind occurs. At this moment the patient is given a drink “cocktail” of corazol, phenamine and nicotinic acid diluted in 100 ml of warm water. After 10-20 minutes, the patient’s condition returns to normal, thinking is actively clarified, behavior is within the normal range, and emotional inhibition disappears.

note: Phenamine is not sold in pharmacies, so it is impossible to make such a cocktail at home. This method of quick sobering is used only in medical institutions.

To reduce blood alcohol concentration, doctors use:

1 ml of 1% nicotinic acid solution;
20 ml of 40% glucose solution;
10 ml of 5% ascorbic acid solution.

Droppers for alcohol intoxication

If a person is diagnosed with a severe stage of alcohol intoxication, then his body may suffer irreparable harm. In this case, doctors must prescribe the patient IVs with a complex of drugs that can prevent the development of severe pathological processes against the background of alcohol poisoning.

This scheme is known to everyone: drinking alcohol - intoxication - returning to a sober state. Alcoholic libations can turn into trouble for each of us. This is explained by the fact that any strong drink contains ethanol. This is a real poison for the body. Therefore, intoxication is equivalent to poisoning. To avoid unpleasant consequences, it is important to study the symptoms of alcohol intoxication. Not everyone experiences alcohol poisoning the same way, but many of the signs are the same.

Alcohol intoxication: symptoms and consequences

Alcohol intoxication is divided into three degrees: light, medium (moderate) and severe. Many people believe that alcohol poisoning is a must bad feeling, pain and other “joys”. However, narcologists call any intoxication with alcohol alcohol intoxication. It’s just that in mild cases the human body copes relatively easily on its own, but in the most severe cases it reacts in such a way that the person requires medical help. Now let's look purely external signs effects of alcohol on the human body.

Mild alcohol toxicosis means a rise in mood, a feeling of euphoria. Even people who are unsociable by nature can become surprisingly talkative. If, in a sober state, a person treats one of his interlocutors with hostility, this may pass. In the same way, stiffness, feelings of fear, and shyness disappear. Purely outwardly mild alcohol intoxication reveals itself through the shine of the eyes, slight redness of the face and neck.

Moderate alcohol toxicosis significantly impairs coordination of movements. The well-known drunken gait appears, because of which a person is either forced to hold on to something (someone) or must sit still. It is almost impossible to maintain a conversation in this state, since the tongue becomes slurred. If at this moment some special event occurs (earthquake, accident), a person cannot assess it correctly. The behavior of the drinker is characterized by thoughtless actions and can become rude and aggressive.

Severe alcohol poisoning means a complete loss of contact with reality. There is no control over actions, a person can fall asleep anywhere: right on the street, in the entrance, on the floor of the house. Memory fails to the point of complete amnesia. Sensitivity drops sharply. A drunk person may not feel the pain of an injury or realize that it is hot or cold around him. Disorientation of the body often leads to uncontrolled urination. Extreme overdose means death from cardiac arrest, cerebral hemorrhage, acute internal bleeding, as well as as a result of injuries from falls, accidents, and so on.

Alcohol intoxication, the symptoms of which are described above, can be very dangerous even in mild degree. Loss of control, careless behavior and the outburst of previously pent-up emotions often result in negativity. These are quarrels, fights, casual sex, injuries on the roads (for example, due to crossing the street at a red light).

What happens in the body drinking man medically? The mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus and stomach receive minor burns and irritation. Then the alcohol is digested, ethanol is absorbed into the blood. Since it is a poison, the body urgently mobilizes to neutralize it. The main “fighter” in this matter is the liver. She produces special enzyme, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which breaks down ethanol to water and acetic acid.

Moving through the bloodstream, alcohol manages to affect everyone internal organ and the human system:

The lungs work harder, the person breathes more often;

to remove ethanol, the kidneys literally draw fluid from the entire body, dehydration occurs;

the nervous system and brain become disoriented (hence disturbances in gait, speech, and perception).

If a person drinks too much alcohol, the body loses the ability to absorb and eliminate it. Then more may appear severe symptoms alcohol poisoning: temperature above normal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Let's look at these signs in more detail.

Temperature during alcohol intoxication

An increase in body temperature during alcoholic libations has various causes. The most likely is expansion blood vessels. The feeling of heat is usually imaginary; the thermometer is unlikely to show at least 37°C. One more regarding safe reason is an allergy to alcohol. Why relatively? If the body reacts with redness of the skin and itching, it is unpleasant, but can be survived. Laryngeal edema is much more dangerous and may require calling an ambulance. In addition, a person may have an individual intolerance to alcohol.

Sometimes an increase in temperature means that drinking alcohol simply coincided unluckily with the onset of some disease, most often an acute respiratory infection or acute respiratory viral infection. Such a suspicion should appear if you feel a sore throat, runny nose or cough.

If an increase in temperature is combined with nausea, vomiting and stool disorders, these are alarming indicators. These symptoms indicate that alcohol poisoning has reached high degree. If a person drank very little alcohol, it may have been of poor quality. It is also impossible to completely eliminate the usual food poisoning.

Help measures

The drinking of strong drinks has turned unpleasant symptoms? The first thing to do is not drink anymore. Then act according to the circumstances:

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea due to alcohol intoxication are a special situation. It is not always possible to cope with it on your own. Therefore, situations with severe alcohol poisoning require utmost attention and assistance, including medical assistance. The best option- Call an ambulance.

Before the doctors arrive, you can take some measures. For example, rinse the stomach. To do this, you first need to drink a large amount of water and then induce vomiting. One time is often enough to improve your well-being.

For your information:

If the vomit contains blood, this indicates internal bleeding. In this case, it is strictly forbidden to rinse the stomach.

A drunk person may pass out and choke on vomit. To prevent this, you need to lay it on its side. It is important to remember that loss of consciousness is dangerous. This condition is often caused by the use of alcohol surrogates. At this time, a person’s blood pressure may drop sharply, their heart may stop, and their breathing may stop. No less dangerous are convulsions and seizures similar to epileptic ones. When calling a doctor, it is imperative to clarify whether a person who has been poisoned by alcohol is conscious or not.

After severe alcohol intoxication, it is important to cleanse the body after alcohol (this separate topic). The effects of alcohol poisoning can last for several days or even weeks. It is advisable to follow a diet, completely give up alcohol and take measures to similar cases did not repeat.

How to avoid alcohol poisoning

The simplest thing is to give up alcohol completely. However, convinced and complete sobriety is quite rare in our time. The next option is to follow the alcohol limit. Although some harm to the body will still be caused. And yet, occasionally drinking a glass of good wine can be considered less evil than a series of shots of vodka or several bottles of beer, and for any reason.

Degrees of a strong drink, that is, its strength.
Quality of alcohol.
The general health of the drinker, his gender and age.
Previous alcohol history.
Drinking various alcoholic beverages during one gathering, especially with a decrease in the degree.
Libations on an empty stomach. Doctors strongly recommend that you first eat a quality and satisfying meal, and then take a drink.

Alcohol intoxication is a very unpleasant and sometimes dangerous condition. You should try your best to avoid it.

Attention!

The information in the article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute instructions for use. Consult your healthcare provider.