home Calculators Symptoms and treatment of calcium gluconate overdose. Mineral supplement with a general strengthening effect - calcium gluconate: price of tablets and injections, use of the drug for the treatment and prevention of diseases against the background of increased sensitization of the body

Symptoms and treatment of calcium gluconate overdose. Mineral supplement with a general strengthening effect - calcium gluconate: price of tablets and injections, use of the drug for the treatment and prevention of diseases against the background of increased sensitization of the body

Composition and release form of the drug

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration colorless, transparent.

Excipients: water for d/i - up to 1 ml.

5 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
5 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (2) - cardboard packs.
5 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (3) - cardboard packs.
5 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (4) - cardboard packs.
5 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (5) - cardboard packs.
10 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
10 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (2) - cardboard packs.
10 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (3) - cardboard packs.
10 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (4) - cardboard packs.
10 ml - ampoules (5) - contour cell packaging (5) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

Calcium is a macroelement involved in the formation of bone tissue, the process of blood clotting, and is necessary to maintain stable cardiac activity and the processes of transmission of nerve impulses. Improves muscle contraction during muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, reduces vascular permeability. When administered intravenously, calcium causes excitation of the sympathetic nervous system and increased secretion by the adrenal glands; has a moderate diuretic effect.

Indications

Hypocalcemia of various origins, hypoparathyroidism, parenchymal hepatitis, toxic liver damage, nephritis, eclampsia, hyperkalemic form of paroxysmal myoplegia, inflammatory and exudative processes, skin diseases. How additional remedy in the treatment of allergic diseases and medications. As an additional hemostatic agent for pulmonary, gastrointestinal, nasal, uterine bleeding. As an antidote for poisoning with magnesium salts, oxalic acid and its soluble salts.

Contraindications

Hypercalcemia, severe hypercalciuria, severe, tendency to thrombosis, increased sensitivity to calcium gluconate.

Dosage

For oral administration, a single dose is 1-3 g, the frequency of administration is 2-3 times a day. When administering a solution of calcium gluconate intravenously or intramuscularly, a single dose of the drug should correspond to 2.25-4.5 mmol of calcium. The solution is administered intravenously in a stream (slowly) in a single dose of 500 mg, intravenously in a drip - in a single dose of 0.5-1 g.

Side effects

Maybe: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia; with intramuscular injection - necrosis.

Drug interactions

Calcium gluconate, when used simultaneously, reduces the effect. IV administration of calcium gluconate before or after verapamil reduces it hypotensive effect, but does not affect its antiarrhythmic effect. Under the influence of cholestyramine, calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is reduced. When used simultaneously with quinidine, intraventricular conduction may slow down and the toxicity of quinidine may increase. During treatment with cardiac glycosides parenteral use calcium gluconate is not recommended due to increased cardiotoxic effects. With simultaneous oral administration calcium gluconate and the effect of the latter may decrease due to a decrease in their absorption.

special instructions

Use in childhood

For impaired renal function

Contraindicated in severe renal failure.

Use with caution in patients with mild hypercalciuria, minor renal impairment, or a history of urolithiasis; in these cases, the level of calcium excretion in urine should be regularly monitored. Patients with a tendency to form stones in the urine are advised to increase the volume of fluid consumed.

In this medical article you can familiarize yourself with the drug Calcium gluconate. The instructions for use will explain in what cases you can take injections (intravenously or intramuscularly) and tablets, what the medicine helps with, what are the indications for use, contraindications and side effects. The annotation presents the forms of release of the drug and its composition.

In the article, doctors and consumers can only leave real reviews about Calcium gluconate, from which you can find out whether the medicine helped in the treatment of osteoporosis and other forms of calcium deficiency in adults and children, for which it is also prescribed. The instructions list analogues of Calcium gluconate, prices of the drug in pharmacies, as well as its use during pregnancy.

A drug used to normalize tissue metabolism is Calcium gluconate. Instructions for use prescribe taking 500 mg tablets, injections in ampoules for intramuscular and intravenous injections to replenish calcium deficiency in the body.

Release form and composition

The drug is available in the following dosage forms:

Tablets 500 mg.
Chewable tablets 500 mg.
Solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection(injections) in ampoules of 100 mg/ml.

The active substance is calcium gluconate.

pharmachologic effect

Calcium is an essential macronutrient that is involved in the processes of bone tissue formation, transmission of nerve impulses, and blood clotting. This macronutrient is also necessary to maintain normal cardiac function.

Calcium improves muscle contraction in muscle dystrophy and myasthenia gravis, and also reduces vascular permeability. When administered intravenously, calcium gluconate exhibits a moderate diuretic effect, and also increases the secretion of adrenaline by the adrenal glands and causes stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Indications for use

Why is calcium gluconate prescribed? It is advisable to prescribe injections and tablets for:

increased need for Ca (pregnancy, breastfeeding, periods intensive growth in children/adolescents);
hypoparathyroidism (osteoporosis, latent tetany);
hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure;
Ca metabolism disorders in the postmenopausal period;
disorders of vitamin D metabolism (spasmophilia, rickets, osteomalacia);
conditions that are accompanied by increased excretion of Ca ( chronic diarrhea, long bed rest; long-term treatment with diuretics, corticosteroids or antiepileptic drugs);
bone fractures;
poisoning with oxalic acid, Mg salts, soluble salts of fluoric acid (the advisability of using the product as an antidote is due to the fact that, interacting with these substances, Ca gluconate forms non-toxic Ca oxalate and Ca fluoride);
insufficient Ca content in the diet.

As an addition to the main treatment, Calcium Gluconate tablets are used as a means of:

for bleeding of different nature origin, nutritional dystrophy, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, parenchymal hepatitis, eclampsia, nephritis, toxic liver damage;
from allergies with itchy dermatoses, febrile syndrome, urticaria, serum sickness, angioedema.

Instructions for use

Calcium gluconate tablets must be crushed before use. Prescribed orally, before meals or 1-1.5 hours after meals (with milk).

Adults - 1-3 g 2-3 times a day (maximum daily dose - 9 g).

Pregnant and nursing mothers - 1-3 g 2-3 times a day (maximum daily dose - 9 g).

For children, the frequency of administration is 2-3 times a day:

3-4 years - 1 g (maximum daily dose - 3.0 g);
5-6 years - 1-1.5 g (maximum daily dose - 4.5 g);
7-9 years - 1.5-2 g (maximum daily dose - 6 g);
10-14 years - 2-3 g (maximum daily dose - 9 g).

Intravenously the drug must be administered slowly, just like calcium gluconate injections ( intramuscularly) – they are done for two to three minutes. Adults are administered 5-10 ml of a 10% solution every day, every other day or two days.

For children, calcium gluconate injections are not given intramuscularly (due to the risk of tissue necrosis); the drug is administered only intravenously (slowly or drip) - 1-5 ml of a 10% solution every two to three days. Before administration, the solution must be heated to normal temperature bodies.

Contraindications

Calcium gluconate is contraindicated for use if you have the following diseases or disorders:

severe atherosclerosis;
hypercalcemia;
hypercoagulability;
tendency to thrombosis.

The drug is not used for severe renal failure. In patients with mild renal impairment, as well as a history of urolithiasis or mild hypercalciuria, the drug should be used with caution. In such cases, treatment should be carried out under conditions of regular monitoring of the level of calcium excretion in the urine.

For those patients who have a tendency to form stones in the urine, it is necessary to increase the volume of fluid consumed during treatment with calcium preparations. Children are not recommended to receive intramuscular injections of calcium gluconate.

Side effects

The drug is usually well tolerated, but in some cases the following disorders are possible:

hypersensitivity reactions;
renal dysfunction (edema lower limbs, frequent urination);
formation of calcium stones in the intestines (with long-term use high doses drug);
bradycardia;
nausea, vomiting, stool disorders (constipation/diarrhea), epigastric pain;
hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia.

With parenteral administration, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, diarrhea, and a feeling of heat in the oral cavity, and then throughout the body, changes in the skin. These reactions pass quite quickly and do not require special treatment.

At rapid introduction solution may cause nausea, excessive sweating, vomit, arterial hypotension, collapse (in some situations - lethal). The result of extravasal penetration of the solution can be calcification of soft tissues. When calcium gluconate is administered intramuscularly, local irritation and tissue necrosis are possible. Very in rare cases Allergic and anaphylactic reactions were recorded.

Children, pregnancy and breastfeeding

The dosage of calcium gluconate during pregnancy is determined by your doctor. The maximum amount of the drug per dose for this category of patients does not exceed 500 mg. The frequency of appointments is determined by the attending physician. To avoid development side effects During pregnancy, it is very important to strictly follow the drug regimen prescribed by your doctor.

The drug in tablets is not prescribed to children under 3 years of age. The solution for intramuscular injection is not used in childhood.

special instructions

In patients with mild hypercalciuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, or a history of nephrourolithiasis, treatment should be carried out under the control of the concentration of calcium ions in the urine.

To reduce the risk of developing nephrourolithiasis, it is recommended drinking plenty of fluids. Calcium gluconate has similar effects to calcium chloride, but is less irritating.

Drug interactions

The simultaneous use of calcium supplements with calcium channel blockers reduces pharmacological effect the latter. When combining oral forms of Calcium gluconate and tetracyclines, the absorption of tetracycline drugs occurs, and therefore their pharmachologic effect decreases.

Cholestyramine reduces the absorption of calcium from gastrointestinal tract. Quinidine in combination with calcium slows down intraventricular conduction. As a result of this combination of drugs, the toxicity of quinidine increases. With intravenous administration of calcium before or after the use of Verapamil, the hypotensive effect of the drug is reduced.

Parenteral use of calcium supplements is also not recommended during treatment with cardiac glycosides, since this combination of drugs leads to increased cardiotoxic effects.

Analogues of the drug Calcium gluconate

Vacation conditions and price

The average cost of calcium gluconate (tablets 500 mg No. 20) in Moscow is 50 rubles. Price 10 ampoules of 5 ml - 116 rubles. Available without a prescription.

Conditions and periods of storage The drug must be stored in a dry place, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. The shelf life of the tablets is 5 years, the solution is 2 years.

A common drug in medicine, calcium gluconate is considered important in cases of calcium metabolism. To compensate for the deficiency of the substance, use medical uniform release in the form of tablets or ampoules. It is useful to know how and when to use the drug to cope with various diseases without harm to the body.

Calcium gluconate - what is it?

Before using the medicine, it is useful to familiarize yourself with what calcium gluconate is. How Chemical substance it is a white crystalline or granular powder, tasteless and odorless chemical formula gluconic acid salt. Its pharmacological action is limited to replenishing calcium deficiency. The properties of the medicine also include antiallergic, detoxification and hemostatic effects. The drug is used for anti-inflammatory purposes, to increase permeability and reduce vascular fragility.

Calcium accounts for 9%, which affects the corresponding metabolism in the body. Substance ions are needed to transmit impulses between nerve cells, contractions of skeletal and smooth muscles and myocardium. They are involved in the process of blood clotting, formation and preservation of bone tissue. The drug replenishes the deficiency of ions, its effect is milder and non-irritating than chloride.

Calcium tablets

The first form of release is calcium gluconate tablets, which are white flat-cylindrical in color and shape. 1 tablet contains 500 mg of active substance, the auxiliary components are starch, talc and calcium stearate. Available in packs of 10 and 20 pieces, they differ in price. Prescribed for use by children, they have no taste and are easy to swallow.

In ampoules

Injection solution Calcium gluconate is intended for intravenous or intramuscular administration. Externally it is colorless clear liquid in ampoules of 5 or 10 ml. Used to normalize work human body, restoration of calcium metabolism function. The drug affects the heart and the transmission of nerve impulses. Recommended for use by adults.

Calcium Gluconate injections

The drug can be administered by intravenous or intramuscular injections. In the first case, the procedure is carried out in a therapy room, while the second option is also suitable for home use. Indications of injections include disruption of the transmission of nerve impulses, myocardial function and contraction of the heart muscles. Injections relieve colds, allergies, internal bleeding.

Intravenously

For certain pathologies thyroid gland Calcium Gluconate is prescribed intravenously. Indications for use are allergies, nephritis, liver intoxication. Injections into a vein are prescribed for vascular permeability, hepatitis, myoplegia and serve as a hemostatic agent. The doctor prescribes intravenous injections for poisoning, psoriasis, itching and eczema.

Relieves gluconate from skin diseases, boils, chronic colds and diabetes. Rheumatism and recovery after operations or long-term illnesses require the injection of 10 ml of the drug into a vein, after which the blood is drawn and a subcutaneous injection or injection is given into the gluteal muscle. For children, only intravenous administration is indicated, because intramuscular administration can cause the formation of tissue necrosis.

Intramuscularly

If taking tablets is not available, then calcium gluconate is prescribed intramuscularly. For the procedure, the gluteal muscle is used as the softest, where the least pain is felt after the injection. The advantages of intramuscular injection include painlessness, absence of bumps and bruises, fast action and penetration into the blood. Contraindications are renal failure, failure of the heart and lungs, excess calcium in the body.

Calcium gluconate - indications for use

Common factors The following diseases and dysfunctions serve for which Calcium Gluconate can be used:

hypocalcemia;
increased permeability of cell membranes;
disturbances in the functioning of nerve impulses muscle tissue;
hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, tetany;
vitamin D metabolism disorders – rickets;
increased need for calcium - in pregnant women, during lactation, during postmenopause, for adolescents in the phase active growth;
calcium deficiency in the diet;
bone fractures, chronic diarrhea, prolonged bed rest or treatment with diuretics, anti-epileptic drugs;
teething;
colds, runny nose, bronchitis;
poisoning with oxalic acid, magnesium salts, fluoric acid salts - due to chemical activity.

As an addition to complex therapy tablets and injections are used:

for allergies and itchy dermatosis, atopic dermatitis;
for the treatment of febrile syndrome, urticaria, serum sickness;
to stop bleeding, including in gynecology;
to relieve dystrophy, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, nephritis;
when removing toxins from the liver.

For allergies

Doctors have proven that calcium gluconate can help against allergies if the cause of the reaction is a lack of ions of the substance. The drug is prescribed to adults and children, combined with taking antihistamines. Take the tablets before meals with water. The dose is prescribed individually, the course is from 1 to 2 weeks. IN severe cases shown intravenous injections.

For a cold

Dr. Komarovsky claims that calcium gluconate is necessary for children with colds, since due to a deficiency of calcium ions, the child catches a cold. To increase the body's resistance, it is given pills or intravenous injections. In addition to getting rid of colds, indications for taking the substance by a child include rickets, thyroid diseases, allergies and skin diseases. According to reviews, it is useful to take the medicine during active growth.

Calcium gluconate - instructions for use

Like anyone else medicine, instructions for using calcium Gluconate contains a lot useful information. According to the annotation, the drug is quickly absorbed by the intestines, penetrating the blood and taking ionized and bound state. Ionized calcium remains the most physiologically active; it enters bone tissue. It is excreted from the body in urine and feces.

You should carefully monitor the implementation of the dose prescribed by your doctor so that an overdose does not occur. It leads to hypercalcemia, the antidote for which is calcitonin. According to the instructions, the drug is not compatible with carbonates, salicylates and sulfates. Particular care should be taken in patients with hypercalciuria, reduced glomerular filtration. To prevent nephrourolithiasis, along with taking it, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended.

How to drink in tablets

After prescribing the drug, the question naturally arises of how to take calcium gluconate. Inexpensive tablets are taken before meals or 60-90 minutes after meals, washed down with milk and chewed. Adults are prescribed up to 9 g per day, divided into 3 doses. Up to a year, an infant takes 0.5 g, up to 4 years - 1 g, then every 2 years the dose is increased by 0.5 g. Children take it 2-3 times a day. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, women take no more than 9 g per day. Treatment lasts 10-30 days. Acceptable daily dosage for elderly patients – 2 years.

How to prick

Injections of the drug are called hot injections, but not because they, like chloride, give a feeling of warmth or burning, but because of the injection of a heated solution to body temperature. Over 14 years of age, it is permissible to use 5-10 ml per day, administered at a time. The patient's condition affects the frequency of injections - every day, 2 days or every other day. Until the age of 14, a 10% solution up to 5 ml can be administered.

The drug is administered slowly - up to 3 minutes, sometimes the drip method is used. For intravenous administration, use a clean syringe, free of residues. ethyl alcohol. Children are only allowed to inject the drug into a vein because intramuscular use will lead to tissue necrosis, which, according to reviews, will take a long time to heal and leave discomfort on the body.

Side effects

Doctors note the following side effects of the drug:

irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, constipation when used internally;
when administered intramuscularly or intravenously, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea are possible;
bradycardia, burning mouth, fever;
rapid injections cause low blood pressure, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest or fainting;
intramuscular injection can cause tissue necrosis;
An overdose is dangerous due to an excess of ions.

Calcium gluconate is a medical medicinal product, aimed primarily at restoring the required level calcium in humans. It is actively used in medicine to normalize the physiological reactions of the human body, in which calcium ions take part.

Composition of the product

Calcium gluconate solution for injection is already available in finished form and is a clear, colorless and odorless liquid. The active component of the solution is calcium gluconate. In 10 ml of solution its content is 10% (1g). The excipients in the solution for injections are calcium saccharate and distilled water.

IN pharmacy points most often you can find a 10% solution, in which there is 1 mg of gluconate per 10 ml of liquid.

The liquid is contained in a clear glass ampoule. The package contains 10 ampoules of 10 ml each.

Mechanism of action

Calcium ions, to the deficiency of which the body reacts so acutely, and which it really needs, take part in the conduction of nerve impulses. They make sure that the organs and systems in the body can work clearly and harmoniously. After entering the body, calcium spreads throughout all its tissues and immediately begins its participation in metabolic processes.

Strength of bones, normal blood clotting, increased production of adrenaline by the adrenal glands, decreased vascular permeability - all these processes are impossible without a normal calcium balance in the human body.

Important! The ions of this substance help teeth and bones remain strong and strong.

When to use

The drug is prescribed for such conditions of the body when the level of calcium ions in a person’s blood decreases to a critical level.

Indications for use of calcium gluconate in the form of injections:

therapy allergic manifestations with the use of antihistamines.
during treatment inflammatory processes any type and different localization.
problems with kidney function, since the body loses calcium very quickly - it is excreted in the urine.
hepatitis, which occurs with inflammation of the liver parenchyma, as well as in cases where the liver is exposed to any toxic effects.
disruption of the thyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism) - due to this disease, the concentration of calcium in the blood decreases sharply. The drug is not able to restore the lost functions of the glands; it only compensates for the lack of this element.
the medicine is actively used as an auxiliary hemostatic agent for various bleedings - uterine, intestinal, nasal, pulmonary.
excessive permeability of cell walls.
bearing a child, lactation, menopause, intensive growth in children and adolescents - all those periods when the body feels a high need for calcium.
rickets and other disorders of vitamin D metabolism.
bone fractures of any complexity and increased bone fragility.
appearance of teeth in children.
poisoning with certain types of salts and acids.
frequent rhinitis, colds, bronchitis.
osteoporosis.
diet low in calcium.
conditions when calcium is intensively washed out of the body - prolonged diarrhea, treatment with drugs against epilepsy, bed rest for a long time, and others.

Contraindications

Injections should not be used if the following signs are detected:

individual intolerance to the main component.
an increase in the concentration of calcium in a person’s blood to 6 meq/l - this also applies to those cases where the increase occurred as a result of calcium injections taken.
children under 15 years of age.
various kidney diseases.
excessively high blood clotting, in particular, a tendency to thrombosis.
pregnancy and lactation - calcium injections should not be used.
excessive excretion of calcium in the urine.
atherosclerosis.

Rules for using injections

Intramuscular injections can be carried out at home; intravenous calcium gluconate should be administered only in the treatment room. The medication is administered very slowly - 2-3 minutes. Preparing the drug for the procedure involves heating it to +37 degrees.

Children under 14 years of age are prescribed the drug 7 ml, depending on the disease, once a day or one injection once every 2-3 days.

For patients under 14 years of age: 1-5 ml once every 2-3 days, however, administration in this case should only be intravenous. Conduct intramuscular injections Children should not take calcium - necrotic tissue necrosis at the site of drug administration is possible.

IN individually The doctor must develop a regimen of injections, select the dosage and determine the duration of the course of treatment. This is influenced by the patient’s personal data: weight and height, gender, age group, disease and its severity.

Important! Self-administration of calcium supplements in the form of injections is unacceptable. Estimate possible benefit and only a doctor can take risks.

Calcium gluconate is injected intramuscularly exclusively into the gluteal muscle - the pain from the injection will not be so noticeable there. This will also avoid the formation of bumps and bruises, and the drug will enter the bloodstream faster.

Careful antiseptic treatment injection surfaces. Since necrosis or inflammation at the injection site may develop during injection, all safety measures must be taken - this will help avoid complications.

Calcium gluconate injections are given with regular monitoring of electrolytes in the patient's blood.

At intramuscular injections You cannot take calcium tablets at the same time. Before starting treatment, you must ensure that there are no contraindications.

For pregnant women, calcium gluconate is prescribed in injections only in the most extreme cases– as a rule, tablets with a similar effect are indicated during this period.

Description of adverse reactions

There are not too many side effects and undesirable consequences from using the drug in injections, but the likelihood of their occurrence must be taken into account.

The instructions for use describe the following side effects:

as mentioned above, tissue necrosis at the injection site is the most common undesirable consequence. It occurs mainly due to a violation of the technique of administering the medicine. To prevent this, each subsequent injection should be given to a different area. You can dilute the drug administration regimen with 1-2 days of rest (with the every other day regimen). In this case, the method of temporarily canceling injections is very effective.
nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea or, conversely, constipation.
decrease or increase in heart rate. This effect can occur if the drug is administered too quickly.
redness skin at the injection site, their swelling and pain.
there is a possibility of stones appearing in the intestines - in case of prolonged use of this medicine and (or) use large doses drug.
kidney dysfunction, expressed in swelling of the legs, copious and frequent urination.
the most severe consequences of taking it may be the development anaphylactic shock and collapse (up to fatal outcome- rarely). Then emergency help may be required.

Important! If, however, any of the side effects manifest themselves, then any administration of calcium should be stopped.

Overdose

Cases of drug overdose are usually associated with its long-term use or excessively high dosage.

In cases of overdose, symptoms and conditions appear such as:

If an overdose is established, further use of the drug is immediately discontinued. In particularly severe situations, the patient is prescribed intravenous injections of calcitonin. It is possible to use droppers with an antidote.

Drug interactions

The drug slows down the absorption of antibiotics of the tetracycline class, dosage forms iron and fluorine.
Increases the toxicity of drugs used to combat heart failure.
Such food products, like spinach, various grains, bran, rhubarb reduce the absorption of calcium from the digestive system.

Ultrix vaccine: instructions for use Glucose during pregnancy: intravenous administration to correct physiological processes

One tablet may contain 250 or 500 mg of active substance.

Auxiliary components: potato starch, anhydrous silicon dioxide in colloidal form, calcium stearate.

The concentration of the active substance in 1 ml of solution is 95.5 mg. 1 ml of the drug contains 8.95 mg of total calcium (Ca2+), which in terms of the theoretical content of calcium gluconate is 100 mg/ml. The solution contains calcium sucrose and water as auxiliary components.

Release form

pills
chewable tablets 10 pcs. in cell-free contour packages, 1, 2 or 10 packages in a cardboard box;
solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Ampoules 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 ml, package No. 10.

pharmachologic effect

The drug helps restore calcium deficiency, has antiallergic, hemostatic, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Takes part in the transmission of nerve impulses, coagulation, contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles and a number of other physiological processes.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Calcium gluconate - what is it?

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement that is used to treat conditions caused by calcium deficiency in the body. The calcium content in the preparation is 9%. INN ( Calcium gluconate) active substance assigned on the basis of data from the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.).

Ca ions are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses; without them it cannot function normally. myocardium , contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles, blood clotting processes; without them it cannot form normally bone, and other organs and systems cannot function.

Gross formula of calcium gluconate - C12H22CaO14.

Pharmacodynamics

In many diseases, the concentration of Ca ions in the blood decreases; at the same time, severe calcium deficiency contributes to the development of tetany. The drug not only prevents the occurrence hypocalcemia , but also reduces permeability vascular walls, relieves inflammation, provides antiallergic and hemostatic effect , reduces exudation.

Ca ions are a plastic material for teeth and skeleton; many enzymatic processes occur with their participation; they are responsible for regulating the permeability of cell membranes and the speed of transmission of nerve impulses.

They are needed for the process of neuromuscular transmission and maintaining the contractile function of the heart muscle. If we compare calcium gluconate with calcium chloride, the latter has a more pronounced local irritating effect.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, the substance is partially absorbed, mainly into small intestine. TCmax - 1.2-1.3 hours. T1/2 of ionized Ca from - from 6.8 to 7.2 hours. Penetrates breast milk and through the placental barrier. It is excreted from the body mainly by the kidneys, but also with the contents of the intestines.

Indications for use of Calcium gluconate

What is Calcium Gluconate tablets for?

Doctors answer the question “ What is calcium gluconate used for?” they answer that the use of the drug is advisable for:

hypoparathyroidism ( , latent tetany);
metabolic disorders ( spasmophilia , , osteomalacia );
hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure;
increased need for Ca (periods of intensive growth in children/adolescents);
insufficient Ca content in the diet;
bone fractures;
Ca metabolism disorders in the postmenopausal period;
conditions that are accompanied by increased Ca excretion (chronic, prolonged bed rest; long-term treatment diuretics , GKS or antiepileptic drugs );
poisoning with oxalic acid, Mg salts, soluble salts of fluoric acid (the advisability of using the product is due to the fact that, interacting with these substances, Ca gluconate forms non-toxic Ca oxalate and Ca fluoride).

As an adjunct to the main treatment, calcium gluconate tablets are used as a remedy for at itchy dermatoses , febrile syndrome , ,serum sickness , ; for bleeding of various origins, nutritional dystrophy , , lungs , parenchymal hepatitis , eclampsia , jade , toxic liver damage .

Why are calcium gluconate injections used?

Calcium gluconate in ampoules is prescribed for individual pathologies parathyroid glands , conditions that are accompanied by increased excretion of Ca from the body, as aid from allergies , and also when allergic complications treatment with other drugs to reduce vascular permeability in various types of pathological processes, at jade , eclampsia , liver , hyperkalemia , parenchymal hepatitis , a hyperkalemic form of periodic paralysis ( paroxysmal myoplegia ), as a hemostatic agent.

Indications (intravenously/intramuscularly) for administration of the drug are also poisoning with soluble salts of fluoric acid, oxalic acid or Mg salts, with skin diseases (psoriasis, itching, eczema ).

In some cases, Calcium gluconate is used during autohemotherapy . This method of treatment has proven itself well for skin diseases, furunculosis ,recurrent colds , , allergies , during the recovery period after serious illnesses.

The patient is injected into a vein with 10 ml of calcium gluconate solution, and then blood is immediately taken from the vein and in the form subcutaneous injection or an injection into the gluteal muscle transfers it back.

What is a hot shot?

Injections of the drug are also known as “hot injections of calcium gluconate.” In fact, the solution is administered heated only to body temperature.

A hot injection is called a hot injection because of the subjective sensations that arise in the patient: after the injection, there is usually a feeling of warmth spreading throughout the body, and sometimes a fairly strong burning sensation.

Calcium gluconate for allergies

Doctors have proven that one of the causes of allergies There may be a pronounced calcium deficiency in the body. It is Ca deficiency that causes the majority of allergic reactions in children: children's body grows very intensively, as a result, the Ca content in all its tissues decreases.

In addition, factors that contribute to the formation of Ca deficiency are excess vitamin D in the body and teething.

For this reason, as one of the methods of prevention and treatment allergies In patients predisposed to this condition, calcium gluconate is often used.

With sufficient calcium intake into the body, the permeability of the vascular walls decreases, and penetration becomes more difficult. allergens into the systemic circulation. This means that an increase in Ca concentration is accompanied by a decrease in the likelihood of an acute immune reaction.

Calcium gluconate is used in combination with antihistamines . The drug is prescribed, among other things, to eliminate side effects caused by taking other medications.

Conducted studies prove that as a source of calcium alone for the body, the calcium salt of gluconic acid is the least active, however, for the treatment and prevention of any allergic diseases Calcium gluconate works best.

The tablets are taken orally before meals. The dose depends on the characteristics of the disease and the age of the patient.

In addition, in some cases, the patient may be prescribed intravenous administration of the solution. Calcium gluconate at allergies Intramuscular or subcutaneous administration is not recommended (especially for children).

The course of treatment for allergies usually lasts from 7 to 14 days.

Calcium gluconate at allergies (reviews are eloquent confirmation of this) - this is time-tested and quite effective remedy, which, on top of that, is almost impossible to overdose on.

Maximum absorption of calcium is ensured with the participation of , amino acids (in particular L-arginine and lysine) and Ca-binding protein.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of solution and tablets:

intolerance to the components of the drug;
pronounced hypercalciuria ;
tendency to thrombosis;
hypercoagulability ;
expressed ;
calcium nephrourolithiasis ;
increased blood clotting;
severe form ;
period of treatment with cardiac glycosides (for example, digitalis preparations).

Side effects

The drug is usually well tolerated, but in some cases the following disorders are possible:

bradycardia ;
hypercalciuria , hypercalcemia ;
nausea, vomiting, stool disorders (diarrhea), epigastric pain;
formation of calcium stones in the intestines (with long-term use of high doses of the drug);
renal dysfunction (lower extremities, frequent urination);
hypersensitivity reactions.

With parenteral administration, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia , diarrhea, a feeling of heat in the mouth, and then throughout the body, changes in the skin. These reactions pass quite quickly and do not require special treatment.

With rapid administration of the solution, nausea, increased blood pressure, vomiting may occur, arterial hypotension , collapse (in some situations - lethal). The result of extravasal penetration of the solution can be calcification of soft tissues.

In very rare cases it was recorded allergic and anaphylactic reactions .

When calcium gluconate is administered intramuscularly, local irritation and tissue necrosis .

Instructions for use of Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate tablets, instructions for use

The tablets are taken before meals, after crushing or chewing.

A single dose for patients over 14 years of age is from 1 to 3 g (2-6 tablets for each dose). Patients 3-14 years old are given 2-4 tablets. 2-3 rubles/day.

Treatment lasts from 10 days to 1 month. The duration of the course is determined by the attending physician individually depending on the patient’s condition.

Permissible upper limit daily dose for elderly patients - 4 tablets. (2 g).

Ampoules Calcium gluconate, instructions for use

Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

For patients over 14 years of age, injections are given once a day. A single dose is from 5 to 10 ml of solution. Depending on the patient’s condition, injections can be given daily, every other day or once every two days.

For children from birth to 14 years of age, the dose of 10% calcium gluconate solution intravenously varies from 0.1 to 5 ml.

Before administration, the drug should be warmed to body temperature. The medicine should be administered slowly - over 2-3 minutes.

To administer less than one milliliter of solution, it is recommended to dilute a single dose to the required volume (syringe volume) with a 5% glucose solution or 0.9% NaCl solution.

Overdose

At long-term treatment high doses of calcium gluconate increase the risk of developing hypercalcemia with the deposition of Ca salts in the body. Probability hypercalcemia increases with simultaneous use of high doses vitamin D or its derivatives.

Hypercalcemia manifests itself:

In severe cases, possible And cardiac arrhythmia .

To eliminate the symptoms of overdose, the drug should be discontinued. In severe cases, the patient is prescribed intravenous administration calcitonin at the rate of 5-10 MO/kg/day. The product is diluted in 0.5 liters of 0.9% NaCl solution and administered dropwise over six hours. Slow drip administration of the antidote 2-4 times a day is also allowed.

Interaction

A drug:

slows down absorption etidronate , estramustine , bisphosphonates , tetracycline series , quinolones , fluoride and iron preparations for oral administration (an interval of at least 3 hours should be maintained between their doses).
reduces bioavailability phenytoin ;
increases cardiotoxicity cardiac glycosides ;
in patients with hypercalcemia reduces efficiency calcitonin ;
reduces the effects of calcium channel blockers;
increases toxicity quinidine .

In combination with quinidine provokes a slowdown in intraventricular conduction, in combination with thiazide diuretics the risk of developing hypercalcemia . Vitamin D and its derivatives help increase Ca absorption. Cholestyramine reduces Ca absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Forms insoluble or slightly soluble Ca salts with salicylates, carbonates, and sulfates.

Certain foods (for example, rhubarb, bran, spinach, cereals) can reduce the absorption of Ca from the digestive tract.

Not compatible with the solution:

carbonates;
sulfates;
salicylates;
ethanol.

Terms of sale

The tablets are an over-the-counter product. To purchase ampoules with solution, a prescription is required.

Recipe in Latin (sample): Rp.: Sol. Calcii gluconatis 10% 10 ml D.t.d. 6 ampull. S. For intramuscular or intravenous administration(0.5-1 amp.).

Storage conditions

Store at temperatures below 25°C. Keep away from children.

Best before date

Solution - 2 years. Tablets - 5 years.

special instructions

Due to the possibility of developing necrosis, calcium gluconate should be administered exclusively intravenously to children under 14 years of age.

Before filling the syringe, ensure that there is no residual alcohol in it (a sediment may form).

Treatment of patients with urolithiasis history, reduced glomerular filtration rate or slight hypercalciuria should be carried out under monitoring the level of Ca2+ in the urine. To reduce the risk of developing urolithiasis It is recommended to drink enough fluid.

“Pharaoh's snake” from calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate tablets are often used by enthusiastic chemists to produce “Pharaoh's snake” - a porous product that is formed from a small amount of reacting substances.

The tablet is placed on dry fuel, and then the fuel is set on fire. A light gray “snake” with spots begins to crawl out of the tablet white. Moreover, the volume of the “pharaoh snake” significantly exceeds the volume of the original substance: for example, in some experiments, snakes 10-15 cm long were obtained from 1 tablet.

During the decomposition of calcium gluconate, Ca oxide is formed, carbon dioxide, carbon and water. The characteristic shade of the resulting snake is given by Ca oxide. The only drawback of such a “pharaoh snake” is its fragility; it crumbles very easily.

Analogs

Level 4 ATX code matches:

Calcium gluconate-Vial , LecT ,B. Brown ; Additive calcium , Glycerophosphate granules , CalViv , Calcium pangamate , Calcium-Sandoz .

Calcium gluconate for children

Why is calcium gluconate prescribed to children?

In his articles, Dr. Komarovsky notes that the most frequent indications The use of the drug in pediatrics includes conditions caused by insufficient intake of calcium into the body from food, as well as conditions caused by impaired absorption of calcium in the intestine.

Development hypocalcemia Along with a reduced Ca content in food products, it also contributes to hypovitaminosis D . Moreover, the reason hypocalcemia individual diseases may also become parathyroid glands And thyroid gland .

Besides specified diseases And rickets , indications for prescribing Ca drugs for children are allergic diseases (acute or chronic), skin diseases, pathologies manifested by blood clotting disorders, physiological conditions, which are accompanied by an increase in the child’s body’s need for Ca (periods of active growth).

How to take Calcium Gluconate correctly?

For children, Komarovsky recommends dosing calcium gluconate depending on age. In the first 12 months of a child’s life, standards daily consumption Ca range from 0.21 to 0.27 g. Children under 3 years of age require 0.5 g of Ca per day, children 4-8 years old - 0.8 g, children over eight years of age - 1-1.3 g.

As a rule, children get Ca from dairy products, greens, fruits, vegetables and nuts.

Children under 12 months are given 3 tablets per day (1.5 g), children under 4 years old - 6 tablets per day (3 g), children under 9 years old - depending on the severity of calcium deficiency and the characteristics of the clinical situation - 6-12 tablets. day (3-6 g), children under 14 years old - 12-18 per day (6-9 g).

The daily dose is divided into 2-4 doses.

The drug is usually administered intravenously to children as a means of urgent help: for bleeding, convulsions, acute allergic reactions.

The solution is not administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly to children. Medicine can only be injected into the muscle in adult patients!

Calcium gluconate during pregnancy

During pregnancy and during breastfeeding the use of the drug is possible taking into account the ratio of benefit to the mother/risk to the fetus (child).

Only the attending physician can say for sure whether pregnant women can take Calcium Gluconate in each specific case.

When taking Ca preparations during lactation, they may penetrate into milk.