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Oophoritis: symptoms and treatment. Bilateral oophoritis

IN gynecological department Often women come to us who are concerned about menstrual irregularities and long absence of pregnancy. Having carried out all the necessary diagnostic measures, the doctor determines the cause of such failures. Often it becomes oophoritis. What it is? Symptoms and treatment of the disease.

What is oophoritis? And why does it occur in women? This disease is an inflammatory process that occurs in the ovaries and is accompanied by unpleasant sensations.

The most basic reason why bilateral oophoritis occurs in women is the penetration of the infectious agent into the fallopian tubes, through which it then entered the ovaries in an ascending manner.

Those women who often change sexual partners and do not use contraceptives are more susceptible to infection with oophoritis. The disease can also cause complications after caesarean section, after childbirth, abortion, surgery in the uterus.

Bilateral oophoritis can be caused by the following reasons:

Infectious diseases, sexually transmitted.
Inflammations that occur in the body, for example, inflammation of the suture after a cesarean section.
Abortions performed on later pregnancy.
The appearance of complications after childbirth in women, childbirth by cesarean section, as a result of which the suture may become inflamed.
Hypothermia of the body.
Stressful situations, depression.
Crash hormonal levels.
Using IUDs to prevent pregnancy.

In most cases, bilateral ovarian oophoritis in women can affect adjacent genital organs. To prevent this from happening, timely treatment is necessary.

Clinical picture of the disease

Signs of oophoritis appear depending on the stage at which the pathology develops and how it proceeds. Therefore, experts identify several types of ovarian inflammation in women.

Acute form of pathology

The manifestation of acute oophoritis in a woman is very pronounced. Signs of pathology greatly torment patients and require urgent medical attention. This stage causes the following symptoms of oophoritis:

High body temperature.
The occurrence of chills, weakness throughout the body, decreased performance.
Malfunction of the digestive organs.
Pain in the lower abdomen, in the head, muscle tissue, and also when urinating.
Vaginal discharge containing pus.
Bleeding from the uterus caused by dysfunction of the reproductive gland.
Pain during sexual intercourse.

Acute bilateral ovarian oophoritis is diagnosed by a gynecologist when examining the patient in a chair. He notices a strong enlargement of the ovaries due to swelling and inflammatory process. When pressing on the affected area, the woman feels pain.

Chronic stage of the disease

Chronic oophoritis develops slowly and has no such clear signs bilateral oophoritis, as in the acute form. This stage is characterized by the following manifestations:

Failure of the menstrual cycle in women, lengthening or shortening of menstruation, excessive or scanty bleeding.
Pain in the groin area aching character, as well as during sexual intercourse.
Scanty discharge with White color and going regularly.

Chronic oophoritis of the ovaries is of little concern to the patient, so it is rarely detected in a timely manner. Typically, ovarian pathology is discovered when trying to determine why a woman cannot conceive a child or has menstrual irregularities. When the gynecologist feels the area of the appendages, the patient feels pain, and the doctor feels an enlargement of the woman’s ovaries.

The manifestation of signs of chronic oophoritis also concerns the nervous system, for example, the ability to work decreases, nervousness appears, there is no desire to sleep and eat, it feels constant fatigue. In some cases, chronic oophoritis in women occurs not as a consequence of untreated acute oophoritis, but as an independent pathology of the ovaries.

Subacute form of the disease

Subacute oophoritis of the ovaries in women is diagnosed quite rarely. It occurs when fungal or tuberculosis bacteria develop in a woman’s body. The signs of this stage appear in the same way as in acute oophoritis, but they are less pronounced.

Thanks to modern methods treatment this stage ovarian inflammation can be successfully treated. And if you don’t fight it, the disease will develop into a chronic type, then therapy will last long and difficult.

Inflammation on the left and right side of the uterus

Since the uterine inflammatory process in women can affect not only two ovaries at once, but only one, left-sided and right-sided oophoritis are distinguished. Their symptoms bother patients almost the same, however, there are some differences.

For example, right-sided oophoritis causes a woman severe pain harsh character with right side. This symptom is very similar to the symptom of appendicitis. In this regard, the doctor needs to exclude the presence of appendix pathology during examination.

Left-sided ovarian oophoritis in women leads to pain on the left side. Basically, the infection passes from one ovary to another, so most often bilateral inflammation still develops. Right-sided and left-sided oophoritis together cause pain not in a specific side, but in the lower abdomen, lumbar and sacral region.

Inflammation in pregnant women

The combination of chronic bilateral oophoritis of the ovaries and conception of a child is considered unsuccessful. After all, the activity of the ovaries is disrupted, which produces negative effect on conception, the normal course of pregnancy and the birth of a baby. This is explained by the fact that these organs are responsible for the full maturation of the egg and its release from the follicle.

Even if there is a chance of becoming pregnant with inflammation of the ovaries, then before this you should undergo a thorough examination and treat perio-oophoritis. If this is not done, negative consequences may occur:

Hormonal imbalance in a woman, which can lead to miscarriage.
Development ectopic pregnancy. It happens that the occurrence of right-sided or left-sided oophoritis ovaries combined with inflammation of the uterine tubes. As a result, adhesions are formed that can interfere with normal fertilization of the egg.
Inability to conceive a child. Impaired functioning of the ovaries adversely affects the formation of a mature egg, as a result of which ovulation does not occur.
Transmission of infection to the baby. This can happen both in utero and when a woman is about to give birth.

Detection of the disease

Bilateral ovarian oophoritis in women is difficult to detect. After all, the signs of the disease are very similar to other diseases of the abdominal organs. In most cases, pathology is identified when a woman goes to the doctor with a complaint about changes in the menstrual cycle or a long absence of pregnancy.

Therefore, it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis. For this purpose, the following diagnostic measures are carried out for inflammation of the ovaries in women:

Studying the patient's symptoms and information about previous abortions, difficult childbirth, and the use of IUDs to prevent unwanted pregnancy, the presence of diseases of the genital organs and inflammation of the sutures after childbirth.
Examination in a chair, during which the specialist feels the enlargement of the ovaries and the mobility of the uterus.
Laboratory tests of blood, urine and smear. When inflammation develops, it is observed increased content leukocytes. Using a smear, the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs are determined.
Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, with the help of which it is possible to see inflammation and its localization.
Analysis for oophoritis of the ovaries for the presence in the body of an infection that caused the development of the disease. If there is a gonorrheal or tuberculous inflammatory process, then prescribed additional measures diagnostics
Hysterosalpingoscopy, which makes it possible to detect severe disturbances in the structure of the uterine tubes, the reason why the ovaries have become inflamed.
Laparoscopy, which is the most effective way examinations for inflammation of the ovaries in women. She gives the doctor more information about the condition of the uterus. This method is used when observing constant pain in the lower abdomen, there is inflammation of the ovaries, for a long time unable to conceive a child, ineffectiveness observed medicinal method treatment of oophoritis. A diagnostic measure allows you to identify obstructions in patency fallopian tubes in a woman, the formation of adhesions and the penetration of infection.

How to get rid of the disease?

Treatment of oophoritis is prescribed from the moment an accurate diagnosis is made. The doctor draws up a treatment plan depending on the stage of the disease and what symptoms it causes.

If a woman suffers from acute oophoritis of the ovaries, then treatment in a hospital is necessary under the constant supervision of specialists. Patients must observe strict bed rest and are allowed to apply something cold to the affected area of the body. The doctor must prescribe antibiotics for inflammation of the ovaries.

It is also recommended to use medications that have desensitizing and analgesic properties. In addition, it is necessary to maintain the condition of the immune system and strengthen the body. The subacute type of pathology is also treated, but physiotherapeutic procedures are also added.

Treatment of chronic ovarian oophoritis in women takes a fairly long period of time and is complex. Indeed, this stage often leads to the development of various severe complications, which can often be treated only by surgical intervention. Each patient is prescribed individual therapy. Treatment for chronic oophoritis of the ovaries consists of taking medications and performing physiotherapeutic procedures.

Procedures such as electrophoresis, laser therapy, massage, and magnet treatment are widely used for inflammation of the ovaries in women. These techniques help reduce the risk of obstruction in the fallopian tubes and the formation of adhesions. Acupuncture is also used to eliminate pain.

The most basic task of the treatment plan for oophoritis is to suppress the inflammatory process. In addition, it is necessary to restore activity reproductive system, activate the immune system, normalize hormonal levels, get rid of disorders of the vascular and nervous system.

When prescribing antibiotics, the sensitivity of the pathogen to a particular drug is first determined. Otherwise, the recommended drug for oophoritis in women may be ineffective. Be sure to take vitamins to strengthen the body, painkillers to eliminate discomfort,

Many doctors prefer medications in the form of rectal suppositories. They are quickly absorbed into the blood and begin to act within a few minutes. It is recommended to use Betadine. Such suppositories for oophoritis can destroy infection, eliminate pain, and suppress inflammation.

Preventing Disease

In order to prevent the development of ovarian inflammation in women, it is necessary to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist. After all, the disease can occur without manifestations, which makes it difficult to detect it in time. It is necessary to promptly get rid of any inflammation developing in the pelvic organs.

It is necessary to refuse to have promiscuous sex life in order to avoid sexually transmitted infections, to use contraceptives, to prevent abortions, and to treat sutures after childbirth.

It is important to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right, exercise physical exercise, have a good rest. You should also know what oophoritis is in order to recognize changes in the body and contact a gynecologist in time.

Thus, ovarian perioophoritis in women is serious illness, which may arise from various reasons, for example, act as a complication after cesarean section, abortion, wearing an IUD to prevent conception and other factors. If you notice the first symptoms of inflammation, you must immediately visit a doctor, otherwise there is a high risk of not conceiving a child.

Oophoritis is an inflammatory process of the ovary. The ovaries mature eggs and produce sex hormones, so the disease can have the most unfavorable consequences, including infertility.

The disease can lead to the most various complications. The most common among them:

gastrointestinal diseases;
urine diseases excretory system(pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc.);
endocrine disorders;
deterioration of the central nervous system;
cycle disruptions (delays, pain);
ectopic pregnancy and infertility due to obstruction of the tubes and ovarian function.

Complications of the chronic form:

sactosalpinx (fluid accumulation in the tubes), leading to removal of the ovaries and the affected tube;
adhesive process, due to which the patency of the pipes is disrupted;
Ovarian dysfunction (impaired hormone production) is one of the causes of infertility.

In some cases pathological process spreads to the peritoneum: periadnexitis develops. If there is an accumulation of purulent secretion, a diagnosis of “pyosalpinx” is made, and if there is an accumulation of transparent secretion, a diagnosis of “hydrosalpinx” is made. Piovar – purulent inflammation ovary, as the infection spreads, pelvioperitonitis develops.

Oophoritis and pregnancy

Chronic oophoritis and its complications pose a threat to women:

against the background of ovarian dysfunction, disruptions in the menstrual cycle occur;
an adhesive process develops, which can lead to complete obstruction of the pipes;
possible spontaneous miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, infertility;
sexual function is impaired;
the inflammatory process affects other organs, cystitis, pyelonephritis, colitis, etc. develop.

Correct diagnosis and timely treatment will prevent complications. After effective therapy many women are able to become pregnant.

Diagnostics

The symptoms are vague. The acute form may have manifestations acute abdomen(appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy, peritonitis, ovarian cystoma, etc.).

An accurate diagnosis can be made based on gynecological history (finding out the causes of inflammation, provoking factors and the specifics of the reproductive system), laboratory research(high level of leukocytes) and gynecological examination (enlarged ovaries, impaired mobility). Also held ultrasonography(echo signs allow you to determine the degree of inflammation), bacteriological examination, PCR diagnostics.

Most informative diagnostic method– laparoscopy. Indications for the procedure are prolonged pain of unknown origin, unsuccessful attempts to become pregnant, and ineffectiveness of drug therapy. Impaired patency observed during laparoscopy fallopian tubes, presence of infection and adhesive process, formations in the ovaries and tubes.

Treatment

Treatment is prescribed after diagnosis by a gynecologist accurate diagnosis. How the doctor will treat the disease depends on the degree and stage of its development, causes and symptoms.

Acute oophoritis should be treated with inpatient conditions. Treatment includes bed rest, desensitizing drugs, analgesics, antibiotics and restoratives.

Treatment with antibiotics is indicated for relapse of the disease, a pronounced increase in inflammatory phenomena. Antibacterial therapy is necessary during the period of exacerbation and is supplemented with restorative agents.

Antibiotic treatment includes drugs from the cephalosporin and penicillin group (Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone, Timentin, etc.). Proven effectiveness in the treatment of acute and chronic forms antimicrobial agents(Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin). Oophoritis can be treated with Metronidazole (analogous to Tinidazole), which is almost always included in treatment.

For decreasing pain syndrome You can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin, Ibuprofen). Indomethacin suppositories are often used in gynecology. Suppositories used in the treatment of the disease are divided into two groups: anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. What candles can be used:

suppositories with chlorhesidine bigluconate (Pimafucin, Betadine, Hexicon);
suppositories with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances (Indomethacin);
candles with natural ingredients(propolis, oak bark extract).

Candles are part complex therapy, as self-treatment they cannot be considered.

How to treat autoimmune oophoritis: to strengthen the immune system, taking multivitamin complexes and immunomodulators is indicated. It is important not only to treat the underlying disease, but also to prevent the development of dysbiosis against the background antibacterial therapy. For these purposes, Linex, Lactofiltrum and other drugs that help restore microflora are prescribed. Good results gives Vagilak - suppositories that help colonize the vagina with lactobacilli and restore the natural acidic environment.

Oophoritis treatment: advanced and chronic form is more difficult to treat and may lead to the need for surgery. Treatment of the chronic form has the main goal: achieving an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, strengthening the immune system and the ability to become pregnant in the future.

If there is a acute form, additionally conduct physical therapy. Chronic oophoritis also requires physiotherapeutic procedures and balneotherapy.

Treatment of oophoritis should be comprehensive and long-term. Important role women play for health preventive actions: a woman should avoid hypothermia and overwork, maintain hygiene and regularly visit a gynecologist. Healthy image life, proper nutrition, the exclusion of promiscuity will prevent the development of the inflammatory process.

One of the common diagnoses in gynecology is oophoritis. Symptoms and treatment for this pathology in women will depend on the area of the ovaries affected by the disease, as well as its form, which can be acute or chronic. In addition to a wide range of therapeutic measures, there are also preventive measures, the observance of which will help you never encounter such problems, which are fraught with serious complications, including infertility.

Description

In medicine, oophoritis is an inflammation of the appendages (ovaries) that occurs against the background of various infectious diseases.

In most cases, oophoritis is not an independent disease and develops as a consequence of acute or chronic diseases genitourinary system(infection moves to the ovaries from cervical canal, uterus, fallopian tubes). In this case, the inflammatory process can spread not only to the appendages, but also to other organs of the reproductive system, disrupting their functionality.

Oophoritis is of septic origin and occurs against the background of purulent infectious processes of various etiologies(anaerobic and aerobic).

Penetration of infection into the appendages often occurs through damaged tissue after:

childbirth;
abortions;
surgical operations;
acute appendicitis;
chronic infectious processes.

Worth knowing! Often the infection affects not only the ovaries, but also the fallopian tubes (salpingitis), and in this case the patient is diagnosed with salpingoophoritis.

The disease is divided into types:

According to the localization of the inflammatory process:
- unilateral oophoritis (can be right-sided or left-sided depending on the affected ovary);
- bilateral oophoritis (both appendages are affected).
According to the form of the disease:
- spicy;
- subacute;
- chronic.

Worth knowing! Right-sided oophoritis often occurs as a consequence of acute appendicitis. Bilateral ovarian damage in most cases develops when infection spreads through the blood or lymph flow (for example, with tuberculosis).

Mucous membrane female vagina is a favorable environment for reproduction of various types pathogenic microorganisms, since its environment is warm and humid.

With reduced immunity, microorganisms begin to actively multiply and cause the development of an inflammatory process. From the vagina, the infection rapidly spreads through the fallopian tubes, forming purulent contents in them. The tubes lengthen and thicken, and excess purulent contents flow out of them, dissolving the ovarian tissue.

Important! After infection penetrates the ovary, the inflammatory process in the absence specific treatment can spread throughout all organs and tissues of the abdominal cavity (periadnexitis or pelvioperitonitis).

As a result of the inflammatory process, adhesions are formed in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, impairing functionality reproductive organs, in this case we're talking about about the development of chronic oophoritis fraught dangerous consequences for the female body.

Causes

The main reasons for the development of oophoritis include:

Infections.
Injuries of the pelvic organs.
Diseases of organs adjacent to the appendages of infectious origin.
Structural changes in the ovaries that develop as a result of the formation of cysts and other neoplasms.

Worth knowing! Penetration of infection into the organs of the reproductive system is the main cause of the development of oophoritis.

Depending on the type of microorganisms that caused the development of the inflammatory process, oophoritis can be:

Specific:
- Trichomonas;
- gonococcus;
- chlamydia;
- mycoplasma;
- tuberculosis bacillus.
Non-specific:
- staphylococcus;
- streptococcus;
- candida;
- coli.

The following factors can contribute to the spread of pathogenic microorganisms into the tissues and cavity of the ovaries:

In some cases, the infection enters the ovaries from neighboring organs, most often this happens when:

appendicitis;
peritonitis;
cystitis

Chronic oophoritis develops as a result of undertreatment of the acute form of the disease. Exacerbations chronic illness arise under the influence of the following factors:

hypothermia of the body and organs of the genitourinary system;
nervous fatigue;
intense physical activity;
problems in the functioning of the endocrine system;
chronic infectious diseases;
decreased immunity due to poor nutrition and deficiency in the body essential vitamins and microelements.

Symptoms

Manifestations of oophoritis directly depend on:

The nature of ovarian damage.
Localization of the inflammatory process.
Stages of disease development.

Worth knowing! On initial stage, as well as in the chronic form of the disease, symptoms may be completely absent or mild

Worth knowing! In some cases, chronic oophoritis develops without acute stage, for example, against the background of sexually transmitted diseases that are asymptomatic.

In acute oophoritis, characteristic symptoms are:

pain in the lower abdomen (depending on the affected area, the pain syndrome may be concentrated on the right or left);
vaginal discharge (can be of a different nature. Depending on the infectious pathogen that caused the disease, in most cases it is foamy and has an unpleasant odor);
increase in body temperature to 37-39°C;
intense pain during sexual intercourse;
disorders of the digestive system (dyspeptic symptoms: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting);
muscle pain;
frequent painful urination;
permanent uterine bleeding between menstruation;
general weakness.

Violation female cycle- one of the signs of oophoritis, about others possible deviations with a similar symptom can be read in the article “”.

When the disease progresses to chronic form, symptoms characteristic of the acute stage of the disease are absent or poorly expressed, while the following develop:

menstrual disorders;
scanty constant discharge (leucorrhoea);
hormonal disorders;
discomfort during intimate relationships;
infertility;
pain during ovulation (when the egg is released, the integrity of the ovary is disrupted);
increased irritability.

Worth knowing! Subacute oophoritis is diagnosed in women extremely rarely and develops in most cases against the background of tuberculosis and fungal infectious processes.

The localization of oophoritis is determined by the following symptoms:

Bilateral – pain on both sides upon palpation, accumulations of purulent contents are felt as small compactions.
Left-sided - pain is concentrated in the left iliac region and radiates to the lower back.
Right-handed – different intense pain in the right lower abdomen, requiring differential diagnosis with acute inflammation of the appendix.

Important! Symptoms of acute oophoritis in women often lead to the development neurological disorders, sleep disturbances, decreased libido, as intimacy becomes impossible due to pain.

Diagnostics

The clinical course and symptoms of oophoritis are similar to many other diseases, so the woman should undergo comprehensive examination to obtain a reliable diagnosis.

Patients with:

menstrual irregularities;
pain or discomfort during intimacy;
complaints about the lack of pregnancy (suspicion of infertility).

The examination includes the following diagnostic methods:

Taking anamnesis (the causes of oophoritis may be complicated childbirth, installed IUD, intrauterine procedures, STDs, hypothermia).
Analysis of the patient's complaints ( characteristic symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, discharge, tenderness of the ovaries on palpation, impaired uterine mobility).
General analysis of blood and urine (presence in the analysis higher level leukocytes indicates the development of an inflammatory process).
Smears from the urethra and vagina (allow you to determine the presence of pathogenic microorganisms).
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine specific antibodies in the blood.
Bacteriological studies (PCR, RIF) are carried out to determine hidden infections and the type of causative agent of the inflammatory process.
Ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs - allows you to visually determine the altered structure of the tissues of the appendages.
Hysterosalpingoscopy is a diagnostic procedure to determine anatomical changes in the fallopian tubes caused by a chronic form of oophoritis.
Diagnostic laparoscopy is the most reliable method for diagnosing oophoritis, allowing a complete examination of the uterus and appendages in order to identify violations of the patency of the fallopian tubes, purulent formations in the tubes and ovaries (pyosalpinx, pyovar), adhesions in the pelvis.
MRI or CT scan – are prescribed to identify tumors in the pelvis and the condition of the affected tissues.

Indications for laparoscopic diagnosis are:

long-term infertility;
constant pain in the lower abdomen of unknown origin;
inflammation of the ovaries, which does not respond to complex therapy over a long period of time.

Worth knowing! If there are complications of oophoritis, as well as if the disease is of tuberculous or gonorrheal origin, additional tests may be prescribed.

Treatment

Therapy for oophoritis is complex and depends on the following factors:

stages of the disease;
localization of the inflammatory process;
the nature of the disease;
drug tolerance.

In acute form of oophoritis the following is indicated:

hospital treatment;
bed rest;
taking medications prescribed by a doctor.

The chronic form of oophoritis, as well as a disease that occurs with complications, requires long-term therapy with the use of medications and physical procedures.

In some cases, in the presence of severe complications and in advanced inflammatory processes, surgical treatment is indicated.

Worth knowing! When an STD is detected, not only the woman, but also her sexual partner undergoes a course of drug therapy aimed at eliminating the source of infection. During therapy you should abstain from sexual intercourse.

Medicines

An individual course of medications is prescribed to patients with diagnosed oophoritis after a detailed examination and identification of the causative agent of the inflammatory process.

The main goals of drug therapy:

elimination of the infectious process;
relieving the inflammatory process;
activation of immune defense;
restoration of the functionality of the reproductive system organs.

In the complex therapy of oophoritis, the following groups of drugs are used:

Antibiotics. In most cases, medications are selected wide range actions that can penetrate ovarian tissue. Depending on the causative agent of the disease, one or more drugs may be prescribed.
Anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used to minimize the inflammatory process and reduce pain. Depending on the specific situation, use it as oral medications(tablets) and rectal (suppositories).
Immunomodulatory drugs. In order to increase the body's resistance to infections, special medications are used. Most often based on interferon.
Combined oral contraceptives. In this case, such drugs are used to normalize the secretory function of the ovaries, regulate the menstrual cycle and protect against ectopic pregnancy.
Vitamin complexes. Help restore the body's functioning after illness and promote activation of the immune system.

Antibacterial drugs are used for:

relapses of chronic oophoritis with severe inflammation;
in cases where therapy with antibiotics and sulfonamides was not carried out in the acute and subacute stages of oophoritis;
during physiotherapy and restorative therapy, if an exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease occurs.

Important! Suitable antibacterial drug selected by the doctor based on test results (identified causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to specific active ingredients). Self-medication is fraught with the development of complications of oophoritis.

Physiotherapy

After treatment with medications and relief of the acute inflammatory process, therapy for oophoritis is continued with physiotherapy.

Physiotherapy can reduce the risk of adhesions, tubal obstruction and other complications of the disease.

Important! It is permissible to use physiotherapy for the subacute form of oophoritis, but only under the supervision of the attending physician.

Among the effective physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of inflammation of the appendages are:

Edectrophoresis with potassium iodide and calcium chloride preparations.
Magnetotherapy.
Mud therapy.
Hirudotherapy.
Gynecological massage.
Diathermy.
Acupuncture (helps with severe pain syndrome).

Worth knowing! The use of physiotherapy in combination with drug therapy allows you to completely eliminate the inflammatory process and avoid dangerous complications requiring surgical intervention.

Folk remedies

In addition to medications and physiotherapy, drugs are often used to treat inflammatory processes in the ovaries traditional medicine. The most effective among them are:

Juniper berries
Pour a glass of boiling water over 15-20 berries and leave for four hours. Take the drink three times a day, a tablespoon.
Potentilla goose
Pour two tablespoons of dry herb into a couple of glasses of boiling water and leave for an hour. Drink half a glass four times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Berry infusion
Mix 30 g of red currants and rose hips. pour boiling water and leave for an hour. Take 3-4 times a day, with added sugar.
Walnut
Shredded leaves walnut(a tablespoon) pour a glass of boiling water and leave for 4 hours. Drink the prepared drink during the day. Divided into 4-5 techniques.
Maryin root
Grind 50 grams of dried plant root and pour 1500 ml of vodka. Close the container tightly and leave the product for 10 days in a dark, dry place. Take 40 drops three times a day before meals.

Important! Folk remedies can be used as part of complex therapy for oophoritis only after consultation with a doctor and a full examination.

Surgery

In most cases, oophoritis can be cured using methods conservative therapy, if the diagnosis and prescribed treatment were timely.

During development purulent complications Surgery is indicated for inflammation of the ovaries:

For tubo-ovarian abscess, laparoscopic surgery is indicated, during which the reproductive organs are sanitized and pus is removed. The intervention is carried out using a special optical technique - a laparoscope through small skin incisions.
In case of relvioperitonitis (spread of purulent contents and inflammatory process into the abdominal area), a strip operation is indicated during which a thorough sanitation of the pelvic and abdominal cavities is carried out.
If the inflammatory process is advanced, radical surgery may be required to remove the ovary (oophorectomy) or the ovary along with the fallopian tube (azhnexectomy).

Radical operations require long-term recovery period and taking hormone replacement therapy drugs

Chronic oophoritis can cause the following complications and concomitant diseases:

Peritonitis (purulent inflammation of the abdominal tissues).
Abscess of any organ of the genitourinary system.
Internal bleeding.
Infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diseases of the excretory system (pyelonephritis, cystitis).
Diseases thyroid gland(occur against the background of long-term hormonal imbalance caused by impaired ovarian functionality).
Infertility (occurs when the patency of the fallopian tubes is disrupted by an adhesive process caused by infection).
Menstrual irregularities (delayed menstruation, cycle irregularity,).
Sexual dysfunction (pain during sex, decreased libido).
Increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous miscarriage.

Important! The only way to prevent the development of complications is to regularly visit a gynecologist and follow all his recommendations regarding the prevention and treatment of certain diseases of the reproductive system.

Prevention

Considering that the treatment of oophoritis is long-term, and the disease can cause dangerous complications, requiring surgical intervention, every possible effort should be made preventive measures to preserve women's health.

Prevention of oophoritis includes compliance with the following rules:

Regular visits to the gynecologist. IN for preventive purposes Every woman should undergo a gynecological examination at least twice a year. Many diseases of the genital organs are different asymptomatic and if left untreated, lead to the development of infectious inflammatory processes.
Timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Diseases of organs adjacent to the ovaries can lead to the development of oophoritis.
Healthy lifestyle. Correct and balanced diet, sufficient physical activity, compliance with work and rest schedules, good sleep, provide normal work immune system and increase the body's resistance to infections.
Protection against hypothermia.
Resistance to stress, overwork, nervous exhaustion.
Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and genital hygiene.
Selectiveness in choosing sexual partners.
Application barrier contraception(condom) for casual sexual intercourse.
Exclusion of abortions and other gynecological manipulations, except those indicated by the attending physician.

A woman’s ability to have children directly depends on the condition and functionality of the ovaries. Oophoritis, especially if untreated and the disease becomes chronic, can impair reproductive function and cause infertility. It is important to visit a gynecologist on time and treat any, even the most harmless, at first glance, diseases.

Chronic oophoritis is an inflammation of the ovaries. It can be unilateral or bilateral, occur in isolation or be combined with inflammation of the fallopian tubes. The acute form of the disease requires hospitalization.

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Chronic oophoritis is a sluggish inflammatory process in the ovaries. It is rarely diagnosed in isolation. Most often accompanied by damage to the fallopian tubes. In this case, they talk about inflammation of the ovarian appendages (chronic adnexitis).

When the peritoneal tissue covering the ovaries is involved in the pathological process, perioophoritis is diagnosed.

Most often it is secondary and develops as a result of the spread of infection. Both ovaries can be involved in the inflammatory process - bilateral oophoritis - and only one of the paired glands.

The disease is often diagnosed in women who are active sex life. In the absence of therapy, it can provoke secondary infertility.

Causes

Chronic oophoritis forms as a response to exposure to infectious agents. The causes of the pathology may be:

diseases from the STD group;
activation of opportunistic microflora;
tuberculosis bacteria.

Predisposing factors are:

inflammation of the female reproductive system, in particular cervicitis, vaginitis and others;
diseases of the pelvic organs, for example, an attack of acute appendicitis;
surgical interventions - abortion, difficult childbirth, etc.;
variety of sexual partners;
deterioration of immune defense.

In exceptional cases, it develops as a secondary process.

Classification

It is customary to distinguish the following types of inflammation:

right-sided;
left-handed;
bilateral oophoritis;
acute form.

Right-sided oophoritis

Right-sided oophoritis is characterized by damage to the right ovary. Signs of the chronic course of the disease are:

cycle disorders;
soreness in the right lower quadrant abdomen (projection of the right ovary), worsening before menstruation;
problems with conception;
lack of sexual arousal and libido;
pathological vaginal leucorrhoea.

Left-sided oophoritis

Left-sided oophoritis is expressed in the formation of pain in the lower left part of the abdomen. The symptoms accompanying the pathology are no different from right-sided inflammation of the gland.

Bilateral oophoritis

Bilateral oophoritis is a lesion of both ovaries. The course of the disease is hidden. Symptoms of bilateral oophoritis are absent or insignificant for a long period.

Read also: Symptoms, causes and diagnosis of ovarian apoplexy: treatment without surgery

Sometimes pathology is diagnosed only during a complete medical examination of a woman for infertility.

Signs of chronic bilateral oophoritis are:

mild pain in the lower abdomen;
menstrual irregularities;
pain during sexual intercourse;
increased fatigue, poor health;
lack of orgasm, low sex drive.

Advanced chronic bilateral oophoritis is practically untreatable.

Acute oophoritis

Acute oophoritis differs from other forms characteristic symptoms. Signs of the disease are:

severe pain radiating to the lumbar region;
painful urination;
purulent vaginal leucorrhoea;
increased body temperature;
appendages that are enlarged and painful on palpation.

A woman diagnosed with an acute form requires hospitalization.

Symptoms

The disease occurs in three stages: acute, subacute and chronic inflammation. Each of them has characteristic features.

In acute oophoritis, the symptoms will be as follows:

high body temperature;
weakness;
feverish conditions;
deviations in the gastrointestinal tract;
myalgia;
pain when urinating;
purulent vaginal leucorrhoea;
uterine bleeding;
pain syndrome varying intensity and localization - bilateral oophoritis is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen;
inability to perform sexual intercourse as a result of severe pain.

Signs of chronic oophoritis include:

abnormalities in the menstrual cycle;
discomfort during sex;
frequent relapses;
dull pain in the groin area, intensifying before menstruation;
constant vaginal discharge;
problems with conception.

Chronic inflammation of the ovaries occurs latently and is an advanced form.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of pathology includes the following activities:

Collection of complaints.
Examination in a gynecological chair. During a bimanual examination, the gynecologist determines changes in the condition of the appendages. They are swollen and dense. During palpation they are painful, mobility is limited.
General blood analysis. There are signs of an inflammatory process.
Ultrasound of the pelvic region. Enlargement of the ovaries is recorded, the surface is smoothed. There is a change in the echogenic structure due to the presence of fibrous areas. When the fallopian tubes are involved in the process, there are signs of inflammation and changes in the condition of the endometrial layer.
Vaginal smear examination. Helps in identifying the pathogen.

In some cases, a woman is prescribed laparoscopy. During the procedure, disturbances in the patency of the fallopian tubes and the development of adhesive disease are detected.

Read also: Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with Duphaston

Treatment

Treatment of oophoritis depends on the current stage and accompanying symptoms:

The acute form requires hospitalization of the patient. The woman is advised to comply bed rest, carrying out antibacterial therapy.
Treatment of chronic oophoritis is long-term and involves drawing up an individual treatment protocol.

The main goal of therapy is to eliminate inflammation and stabilize hormonal levels.

The treatment regimen for the disease largely depends on the current symptoms. The patient may be recommended to undergo physiotherapy:

electrophoresis;
laser therapy;
gynecological massage, etc.

During remission, treatment of pathology consists of strengthening the immune system, restoring reproductive function and elimination of disorders of the thyroid gland. During this period the following are appointed:

immunostimulants - help strengthen immune protection body;
eubiotics;
enzymes;
hormonal agents;
biogenic stimulants are preparations of animal origin that help improve tissue trophism and recovery.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are mandatory. Most often this rectal suppositories– Diclofenac, Movalis and Indomethacin. The drug contains non-steroidal anti-inflammatory components, which helps eliminate pain.

Surgical treatment methods are practiced when purulent complications develop. These include tubo-ovarian abscess and pelvioperitonitis.

When diagnosing the accumulation of purulent contents in the area of the inflamed ovary and fallopian tubes, the laparoscopic technique is practiced.

It is a low-traumatic intervention because it does not involve opening the cavity. The surgeon works through small punctures, controlling the process using powerful optics: the field is displayed on the monitor screen.

When the peritoneum, which covers the organs of the female reproductive system, is involved in the pathological process, classical abdominal surgery is practiced. In this situation, the surgeon has the opportunity to perform high-quality sanitation of the abdominal and pelvic area.

IN advanced cases carried out complete removal affected ovary and fallopian tube.

Antibiotics

In the treatment of oophoritis, drugs from the group of antibiotics are used. Will be shown in the following cases:

with frequent relapses;
when current symptoms worsen.

Before starting treatment with these drugs, a bacterial culture is performed, which is necessary to identify the type of pathogen. Otherwise, taking the drugs will not give the expected therapeutic result.

Modern antibiotics “work” in a complex manner, i.e. act simultaneously on several types of microorganisms. But in some cases, it is recommended to take two remedies at once.

Right-sided oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) is one of the common diseases of the female reproductive system. Women of childbearing age most often complain of pain in the ovary, less often - up to 14 years and after 60. Unilateral course of oophoritis, in which the right ovary becomes inflamed (less often the left), is not as dangerous as the inflammatory process, since in the first case chances of getting pregnant and giving birth healthy child much higher. Next, we will consider what left-sided and right-sided oophoritis are, the main causes of the disease, its symptoms, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Unilateral oophoritis (inflammation of only the right or left ovary) is always associated with entry into abdominal cavity pathogenic organisms. Infection occurs in various ways. Here are the most common ones:

Unprotected sexual intercourse. It is possible to become infected with both sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV) and conditionally venereal diseases (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureplasmosis, etc.), which are less dangerous than sexually transmitted diseases, but are also difficult to treat and, along with their own symptoms, cause right- or left-sided oophoritis.
Infection with surgical interventions, including abortive ones, when there is a high risk of foreign microorganisms entering. To avoid complications after surgery, anti-inflammatory therapy is also used.
Household route of infection. It occurs quite rarely, but still such cases in gynecological practice There is. Domestic infection most often occurs in swimming pools, public baths, saunas or other common areas, when using someone else's towel.
Hypothermia can cause both an exacerbation of chronic oophoritis and an acute form of the disease.
Stress and any nervous tension contribute to a decrease in immunity, and as a result, aggravate the chronic inflammatory process in the pelvis.
Decreased immunity caused by other reasons (colds, seasonal vitamin deficiency, autoimmune diseases etc.) can accelerate the proliferation of opportunistic microflora, for example, fungi of the genus Candida, which cause thrush and oophoritis.
Infectious and inflammatory diseases of adjacent organs and systems. For example, often right-sided oophoritis occurs with inflammation of the appendix or cystitis, urethritis.

There may be other causes of inflammation in the pelvis. It is impossible to accurately determine which ovary is inflamed, but right-sided inflammation is more common. This is due to the specific location large arteries in this area.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms right-sided oophoritis the same as in the left side, only the location of the pain differs (on the left or right in the lower abdomen). A distinction between symptoms can be made depending on the form in which the inflammatory process occurs.

Acute form of right-sided/left-sided oophoritis

Characterized by nagging pain strong intensity in the area of the ovaries (left or right), which radiate to the lower back, thigh, leg. Body temperature can rise to high levels (up to 38-39 degrees), there are signs of general intoxication of the body (as with colds). In some cases, there are signs of gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, bowel movements). If acute oophoritis occurs during menstruation, then its course is accompanied by strong painful sensations and copious discharge.

Chronic form

It occurs at intervals, that is, periods of exacerbations are replaced by remissions. Chronic left-sided oophoritis (like right-sided oophoritis) occurs only after an acute form of the disease that was not diagnosed in a timely manner or was not completely cured. In this case, the symptoms are “smoothed out”; they are not as bright as with acute inflammation, even during periods of exacerbation.

Painful sensations when chronic course left-sided or right-sided oophoritis may also be present during remissions. This discomfort is called chronic pelvic pain.

During an exacerbation, women feel aching pain in the stomach, the body temperature does not rise. Mild discomfort may be present. differs in that it has a negative impact on nervous system. Women with a history of this disease are characterized by irritability (which is caused by constant discomfort in the ovaries), syndrome chronic fatigue. Sometimes there is a decrease in libido.

Subacute oophoritis left/right

Oophoritis with subacute course It is not so common and combines the characteristics of the two previous forms. It is characterized by pain of moderate intensity. Body temperature does not always rise, and mostly to subfebrile levels (up to 37.5 degrees). It is treated in the same way as acute oophoritis.

Regardless of the form of inflammation, pain during sexual intercourse and discharge from the external genital tract are always present. Their character may vary depending on the pathogen that caused the inflammatory process.

Diagnostics

At the first manifestations of right-sided oophoritis or if you suspect this disease, you should consult a doctor. Since pathology may be a secondary manifestation venereal disease, timely diagnosis will help avoid further complications.

Diagnostic measures take place in several stages:

Collect information about symptoms, study medical history. The gynecologist must find out whether the patient is sexually active, how she is protected from unwanted pregnancy, whether she has had childbirth, abortion, or other surgical interventions.
Next, the doctor begins an examination in a gynecological chair. By palpation, the presence and its location can be determined: the right ovary will be enlarged in size, and the patient will feel pain during examination. But in order to avoid making an erroneous diagnosis (inflammation can sometimes be confused with another pathology), a number of laboratory tests should be carried out.
Blood tests to determine the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, ESR, etc. In the presence of infection and inflammation, these indicators will be increased. Tests for sexually transmitted diseases are also taken.
Vaginal smears to determine the type of pathogen. Particularly important for the subsequent choice of antibiotic.
Ultrasound examination () to exclude organic pathologies.
After making a diagnosis, the doctor chooses the most appropriate treatment in each case.

How to treat

Treatment of left-sided (right-sided) oophoritis should be comprehensive. It includes the following therapy groups:

Drug treatment

Taking antibiotics. This point is fundamental, since, first of all, the infection must be killed. The choice of drug depends on the type of pathogen identified. Currently, most antibiotics are active against several groups pathogens, but even despite this, the doctor may prescribe two drugs from different groups.
Anti-inflammatory drugs to accelerate the relief of inflammation and pain symptoms. These could be Indomethacin suppositories, Diclofenac, Movalis injections or tablets, Nimesil powder, etc. Each of these drugs has its own specifics, so it is not recommended to take them without a doctor’s prescription.
Intravaginal with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components to eliminate the source of infection at the local level.
Antifungal drugs (Flucostat, Fluconazole, Nystatin), which can be prescribed not only in the presence of thrush, but also for its prevention, since it often appears after taking antibiotics.
Immunomodulators and immunostimulants are used only during exacerbation of chronic oophoritis, since the acute form can be cured quite successfully without them. The fact is that over a long period of time chronic inflammation the infection develops resistance to many antibiotics, and they are no longer as effective. Therefore, it is necessary to activate your own immunity to fight the infection.
Preparations for restoring the microflora of the vagina and intestines, which is disturbed after taking antibiotics. These can be taken orally (Linex, Bifiform), or in the form vaginal suppositories(Bifidumbacterin, Acylact).
Drugs for the prevention of adhesions are also prescribed for chronic oophoritis. They are usually produced in the form of candles.
Physiotherapy, which can be prescribed for any form of oophoritis. It eliminates inflammation at the cellular level, relieves pain, improves tissue trophism and promotes faster recovery. The most widely used for these purposes are laser, ultrasound, electrophoresis, and UHF.

Folk remedies

In combination with drug treatment can also be used folk remedies. The simplest and most effective of them are the following:

decoctions and infusions medicinal herbs(chamomile, calendula, yarrow, hog queen, St. John's wort, oak bark, etc.). You can use one plant or several, combine them with each other. Accept herbal infusions should be at least two weeks and no more than a month. After treatment, you can take a break and then repeat the course for preventive purposes;
douching with the above decoctions, only they should be prepared in a weaker concentration so as not to burn the mucous membranes of the vagina. Douching should be done for no more than a week, so as not to destroy your own beneficial microflora.

Treatment with folk remedies has its own characteristics:

They should be used only after consulting a doctor, so as not to apply more more harm body.
Many plants are strong allergens, so before using them you should make sure that you are not allergic to them.
Some herbal components are contraindicated for pregnant women, as well as during lactation.
Folk remedies should be used only in combination with drug therapy, but not independently.

Treatment of right-sided (left-sided) oophoritis is a long process. Here it is important not to miss the moment of the onset of the inflammatory process, since timely diagnosis and taking medications will help to avoid complications of the disease in the form of problems with conception, as well as its transition to a chronic form. You should follow preventive measures for oophoritis and promptly contact a gynecologist.