The effect of nicotine on the body. Where is nicotine found? Nicotine addiction and substance use

The history of tobacco in the world goes back three thousand years, and in Russia tobacco first appeared only under Ivan the Terrible. The fight against this “sweet” potion at the international level began actively only in the last century, and so far there is no obvious evidence that the notorious “ healthy image life" wins. A huge army of smokers ensures guaranteed profits tobacco companies world, because, despite all the measures taken by health organizations in the vast majority of countries, tobacco still remains the most accessible and widespread drug.

Nicotine was first isolated from tobacco only in 1809 by Vauquelin, and later (in 1828) Posselt and Reimann first described the pure nicotine alkaloid, which is an oily clear liquid sharp, burning taste of an alkaline reaction. Nicotine boils at a temperature of 140-145 0 C, dissolves in water, ether and alcohol and is a very strong poison.

The potency of nicotine is not the same for all animals. It has been proven that the degree of tolerance of animals to nicotine is inversely proportional to their development nervous system, i.e. animals with a more developed nervous system tolerate nicotine less well. Accordingly, all mammals, which also includes humans, are very sensitive to nicotine. In this regard, the exception is sheep and goats, especially the latter, which can eat significant quantities of tobacco leaves without harm to themselves.

What happens?

The body gets used to nicotine, which is known from life: the amount of nicotine consumed by the average smoker would undoubtedly cause poisoning in an unaccustomed smoker. A 6 g cigar contains 0.3 g of nicotine. If such a cigar is swallowed by an adult, he may die; 20 cigars or 100 cigarettes a day can also lead to death if smoked. An interesting fact is that a leech placed on a heavy smoker soon falls off in convulsions and dies from the sucked human blood containing nicotine.

The paradox is that people do not die from nicotine when smoking, since the dose received by the smoker is too small for this. Numerous fatal diseases cause other more harmful substances: there are about four thousand of them in smoke. Nicotine makes a person smoke. Some addiction experts consider tobacco to be the most powerful addictive a drug that is in the same group as heroin and cocaine. Nicotine acts through receptors at junctions nerve cells in the brain and muscle tissue. These receptors instantly recognize it as soon as it enters the body. As a result, the work of the nerve impulse, which controls the condition of blood vessels, muscle tissue, glands of the external and internal secretion. When receptors signal the presence of nicotine, blood pressure increases, and peripheral circulation slows down. Brain waves are altered and a range of endocrine and metabolic effects are triggered.

Mental and physical state the smoker, as well as the situation in which smoking occurs, can cause feelings of both relaxation and vigor. IN stressful situations The cigarette has a calming effect, and in a relaxed situation, it acts as a stimulant. As soon as the body gets used to a certain level of nicotine in the blood, it will strive to maintain it, and the person will again reach for a cigarette.

By its action, nicotine is a respiratory stimulant. Nicotine also has the property of causing the so-called withdrawal syndrome. With prolonged use, as happens in a smoker, nicotine stops stimulating breathing, and when you stop taking it, it causes depression. This is associated with the discomfort that a person experiences when quitting smoking. This condition develops within the first 24 hours and can last one to two weeks.

Unfortunately, smoking harms not only the person who is addicted to tobacco, but also those around him. Passive smokers, according to numerous studies, they suffer only 1.5 times less from the consequences of other people’s smoking than smokers themselves.

Diagnosis

People who smoke can be divided into three groups: 1. there is no nicotine addiction, smoking is due to psychological addiction; 2. there is nicotine addiction; 3. a combination of both types of addiction - psychological and physical (nicotine). To quickly determine addiction, you can ask a person three questions, to which he must answer “yes” or “no”: - Do you smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day? - Do you smoke within the first half hour after waking up? - Have you experienced strong cravings or withdrawal symptoms while trying to quit smoking?

If all questions were answered positively, then this indicates high degree nicotine addiction. If desired, you can calculate the index smoking man, proposed by the European respiratory society. The number of cigarettes he smokes per day is multiplied by 12. If the index exceeds 200, it means that the degree of dependence on nicotine is high.

In addition, currently developed various methods diagnosis of nicotine addiction. TO objective tests include the definition of markers tobacco smoke: level of carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled air, concentration of thiocyanate, nicotine, cotinine or other metabolites in blood, urine or saliva.

Treatment

Like any addiction, the smoking habit is extremely difficult to treat. You cannot force a patient to quit smoking. Only through persuasion can one develop personal motivation to quit smoking.

In cases of established nicotine addiction and the occurrence of withdrawal syndrome, individual differentiated and, therefore, effective therapy should be recommended.

Smoking is a habit that has long been firmly established in daily life modern man. Initially, tobacco, brought from the New World, was used as a medicine. However, his harmful properties, after several decades, became more and more obvious to people.

Today everyone knows that the effect of nicotine on the human body (on the liver, lungs, brain, intestines, etc.) is definitely negative, even when consumed electronic cigarettes. But what exactly does it consist of? This needs to be sorted out.

Effects on the respiratory system

The most obvious and obvious harm cigarettes cause is the respiratory system. Yes, this can be seen from their “application”. A person, first of all, inhales the treasured nicotine smoke, and, accordingly, it goes on a “journey” through the respiratory system of a person (and, sometimes, a child). How exactly does breathing become harmful?

Impact principle

Smoke from cigarettes gets into the lungs, everyone knows this. There the following happens to him. Since it is much heavier than air, and the composition of cigarettes is quite rough, tar begins to settle in the lungs. And this is where the breathing problems are just beginning.

As they settle, nicotine tars block all existing lung self-cleaning mechanisms. This leads to serious damage to the alveolar sacs.

Associated diseases

Smoking significantly increases the occurrence of such unpleasant disease, like bronchiectasis. In essence, it consists of chronic expansion of the bronchi, as well as their sections. What is especially unpleasant is that this damage is irreversible. Their consequences can only be stopped, but not eliminated entirely.

Likewise, at heavy smokers there is a strong predisposition to various types allergies, asthma and colds. This occurs due to the fact that the smoke, while still on its way to the lungs, manages to greatly damage the mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea, and ciliated epithelium.

All of the above diseases take on much more severe and protracted forms, and it is much more difficult for smokers to recover from them. And as the “cherry on the cake” it acts increased risk the occurrence of lung cancer. Well, that's understandable. This organ is most susceptible to the effects of nicotine.

And in modern cigarettes There are a lot of other substances that contribute to the breakdown or change of cells in the human body. Therefore, lung cancer here is a natural outcome, and not an unpleasant surprise.

Effects on the cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system is affected by nicotine. Given the critical importance of the heart as a vital organ, it is difficult to overestimate the potential extent of harm that cigarettes can cause.

Accompanying illnesses

As a result of smoking, the production of adrenaline increases significantly. More precisely, the amount of substances that contribute to this, which are released into the body during the process, increases. Most often this leads to damage to the vascular wall and myocardium. Many people have unpleasant associations with the latter in the form of “myocardial infarction.”

Yes, cigarettes can lead to a similar unpleasant outcome. Doctors usually determine this by seeing atherosclerotic plaques on the coronary arteries.

Nicotine itself also contributes to the profuse formation of blood clots in circulatory system. And this, in turn, leads to a number of painful and deadly consequences.

At the “top” of this frightening “pyramid” are gangrene of the extremities and problems with the functioning of the heart (up to its stopping, due to a lack of incoming blood).

Statistical readings

Another point contributes to the wear and tear of the heart. Studies have shown that just one cigarette increases your heart rate by 8-10 beats per minute (hence the mild euphoria coupled with a false feeling of warmth).

Per day, this figure can be, in turn, from 15 to 25 thousand “extra” hits, thanks to the cigarettes smoked that day. And every day it becomes more and more difficult for the heart to maintain such a rhythm.

According to the disappointing statistics, and based on all of the above, it should not be surprising that heart disease vascular system affects smokers significantly more often than non-smokers.

In general, myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, along with other related diseases, are observed in “nicotine addicts” 10-12 times more often than in those who are free from this bad habit.

Impact on the reproductive system

To the displeasure of most men (and, unfortunately, teenagers), cigarettes also have a very negative impact on reproductive system. Despite the outward “coolness” of this habit and its “help” in the matter of seduction, when it comes to bed, the smoker, in short, loses to the non-smoker on all fronts.

Harm to the health of smokers

In addition to the deterioration of sensitivity and “endurance” of the genital organs, there are also deeper, as well as more unpleasant consequences in this plan. The fact is that the glands involved in the reproduction process need a stable flow of oxygen. And nicotine tars significantly prevent this.

Also, the increased secretion of adrenaline caused by smoking impairs the functioning of all other secretory glands. All this is reflected in the activities hormonal system, and, of course, causes significant damage to the reproductive organs.

There is one very unpleasant thing that statistics show. According to it, less than one fifth of all cases of violation male potency associated with mental or genetic problems.

All other cases are a consequence long-term use nicotine 80%, to be somewhat accurate. A more than impressive figure that should be taken a closer look.

Harm to the embryo of a smoker

The most noticeable effect is on the reproductive system female body. Especially for offspring after conception. Yes, if a smoking man conceives, the fetus will be weakened. But he has a chance to survive and be born somewhat healthy.

But if during pregnancy the future mother of the embryo gets her hands on a cigarette, the consequences in terms of the child’s heredity, as well as the rate of its growth and development, will be much more serious, even catastrophic. Yes and breast-feeding It will be unacceptable here.

Effect on the nervous system

One of the most noticeable effects that nicotine has on the body concerns the autonomic nervous system. Of course, it manifests itself most strongly in adulthood, after many years of regular and active smoking.

However, even more early stages cigarettes have a certain Negative influence on this most important component of the human body (especially if it is a teenager).

The problem is that nicotine, in addition to all its other negative properties, is also a neurotoxin. Accordingly, it has a fairly strong effect on how efficiently brain signals travel through the nervous system. This leads to worse reaction, irritability, and memory problems.

Impact principle

Now let's talk about how this effect occurs. It all starts with the fact that nicotine, after the lungs, goes straight to the brain. This path along blood vessels takes him about 7 seconds.

There, without exaggeration, this drug begins its effect, aimed at acetylcholine receptors (they are responsible for pleasure). First comes a pleasant excited state, which, over time, gives way to slight depression.

Reason for addiction

It is this last point that is the reason for such a strong addiction from such a seemingly “frivolous” drug. A person unconsciously (or even consciously) notices that while smoking, and for a short period of time after it, he feels good.

Good - in the full sense of the word. And without a cigarette it’s bad. Therefore, he reaches for the coveted “pacifier” again and again, turning psychological dependence into physical one.

Combination of nicotine and alcohol

The most dangerous point is that smokers, over time, no longer have enough of just cigarettes to maintain their high spirits. Therefore, they supplement it with another “household” drug - alcohol.

The combined effect of alcohol and nicotine on the human body can be simply catastrophic. Alcohol speeds up blood flow, and, accordingly, the spread of nicotine throughout the body. In addition, it further slows down the rate at which signals are transmitted from the brain to the body.

Harm to organs

For example, nicotine reaches the lungs with the help of alcohol through the vessels just like “on a skid” and can be more effectively absorbed by the walls of this long-suffering organ (and also, of course, to the liver). The heart, being frequently exposed to doses alcoholic drinks, begins to grow fat.

Coupled with the blood clots formed by nicotine, this puts a colossal load on the main blood pump of the human body. Moreover, if this is not an adult, but a teenager, then the degree of destructive impact increases exponentially.

Well, there’s nothing to say about the effect of such a combination on the brain and its vessels. Slowing down the passage of signals, the death of brain cells due to oxygen deficiency, the formation of blood clots in the brain - all this is unlikely to have any effect positive influence on the state of the nervous system.

Related diseases and problems

As a result, when nicotine and alcohol are used together, a person is much more likely to be at risk for the following diseases:

• asthma;
• hypertension;
• coronary insufficiency;
• frequent headaches;
• stroke;
• sclerosis.

Of course, thanks to alcohol, both the liver and the stomach are damaged, affecting the entire digestive system along the way. And here everything is a little worse than it seems.

Alcohol also brings with it nicotine, which also contributes to this dirty deed. The result is unfavorable for the health of all these organs, liver, intestines, skin, vision, etc.

Conclusion

Considering all of the above, one can only wonder why millions of people in the world still remain susceptible to the harmful habit of smoking. However, a huge production and advertising machine works in favor of cigarettes, which, together, create such a seductive image of a successful and “cool” smoking person.

How does NICOTINE work? Experiment and overdose. Effects and Consequences

How does smoking affect the human body?

The effect of alcohol and nicotine on human health

How smoking affects thinking and brain function

As can be seen from the above, the reality for health is somewhat darker, and the matter will not be limited to headaches with pressure and shortness of breath.

Precisely as a process, a kind of ritual, a psychological action, because there is no benefit here. So, entering the lungs along with smoke, nicotine is absorbed into the alveoli and capillaries, where the process of gas exchange occurs. The next destination is the smoker's blood, which brings it to the brain.

Studies aimed at finding out the effect of nicotine on the human body have shown that it harmful substance most affects the respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems. At the first contact of a neuron with nicotine, the nerve reacted aggressively to the stimulus, for which it needed much less energy (electric current) than usual - the body resisted.

Subsequent contacts caused habituation of the nerve, and subsequently a “demand” to return the stimulus nicotine. This is precisely the principle of the body’s adaptation to this poison.

Nicotine can also replace (short-term) natural release endorphin (pleasure hormone), while the natural production of the hormone slows down and subsequently stops completely.

It takes only 8 seconds for nicotine to travel from the alveoli to the brain. The CNS (central nervous system) reacts to this poison as follows: acetylcholinergic receptors, under the influence of an irritant, change the functioning of all body systems. As a result, blood pressure rises, heart rate increases, blood vessels in the periphery narrow, and in the brain, on the contrary, they expand. Adrenaline is released into the blood, and at the same time glucose levels increase.

The body spends a certain amount of energy on all these reactions, therefore, even without exercising physical exercise, the smoker does not gain weight. But this is not the health-improving effect that sports, for example, brings. In this case, the result will most likely be negative. Due to the release of adrenaline and the release of endorphins, the smoker feels euphoria, clarity, increased mood and strength. But a maximum of half an hour passes, all of the above effects fade, and the body requires a dose of pleasure.

Nicotine causes both physical and mental dependence.

Physical dependence

The body gets used to the supply of nicotine and begins to require it in case of long absence(akin to drug addiction). When you give up cigarettes, the so-called “withdrawal” begins: performance decreases, interruptions in the functioning of the heart are observed, and depressive states accompanied by headache. But this, as they say, is only one side of the coin. If physical addiction were the only one, it could easily be overcome. For example, using nicotine-like drugs.

Mental dependence

This addiction is much more complex and harder to overcome. Smoking, as mentioned above, is a kind of rite, a kind of ritual, which, subsequently, is extremely difficult for a person to do without. Someone smokes while waiting for transport at a bus stop, someone whiles away the time with a cup of coffee, with friends, while talking. You never know, each person has their own habits. And since habit is second nature, you have to fight it very hard and persistently.

To change your habits, you need to change yourself, your stereotypes, your worldview. Such withdrawal is much more serious than physical need. Medicines are powerless here; a strong-willed decision is necessary. And without the consent of the smoker himself, without his firm intention, nothing will happen.

Effect on the body

Smoking is harmful digestive system. But before that, the blow falls on the teeth, mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and larynx. Due to temperature changes, tooth enamel is destroyed. Yellow occurs because tobacco tar settles in the cracks formed, which in addition to its color has a specific odor. Dissolving in saliva, nicotine enters the stomach, where it irritates its mucous membrane, and then the mucous membrane duodenum. This leads to pain, ulcers, and gastritis.

Harmful substances contained in tobacco (acids, ammonia, particulate matter, pyridine bases) irritate the lining of the lungs. Ammonia ( ammonia) can contribute to the development of non-febrile bronchitis, and this, in turn, significantly increases the risk of developing tuberculosis. Tobacco tar, which settles on the walls of the mucous membrane, interferes with gas exchange and oxygen enrichment.

The heart of a smoker makes 15 thousand more contractions per day than the heart of a person who does not have this addiction. Such a load leads to wear and tear of the heart muscle, firstly, and secondly, working at an increased rate, the heart does not receive enough oxygen that is required under this load. Why? The vessels are narrowed, spasmed, and blood flow is hampered. The second reason is that instead of carrying oxygen, hemoglobin “carries” carbon monoxide.

All these factors lead to the development ischemic disease heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack. Hypertonic disease- a frequent guest of a smoker, in addition, it is often complicated hypertensive crises. This leads to disruption cerebral circulation, and subsequently to a stroke.

A disease like obliterating endarteritis(damage to the vascular system of the legs) is a consequence of smoking, since it practically does not occur in non-smokers. The most severe form of this disease- the occurrence of gangrene.

Nicotine affects the condition of the skin, making it yellow and wrinkled. The fingers take on a yellowish-brown tint. There is a cough and shortness of breath. For men, smoking is fraught with impotence.

It is worth noting that smoking in school age directly affects student performance. If a student smokes, his mental and physical development. Since depression is not uncommon when smoking, young people lose the desire to develop and learn anything, and it is more difficult for them to decide on the choice of activities to their liking. Such teenagers are more “excited” and nervous, they experience memory deterioration, and they think slower.

Passive smoking is also unsafe. In this case, there is a significant risk of developing lung cancer, as well as acquiring other diseases associated with the respiratory system. If one spouse smokes in a family, the other has a 30% increased risk of developing cancer.

The influence of nicotine on the body of a pregnant woman is fraught with all sorts of pathologies and abnormalities in not yet pregnant women. born child. In such mothers, children are born prematurely, there is a high risk of miscarriage or fetal death, and the death of the child in the first year of life. Children of smokers often lag behind in physical and mental development.

To smoke or not to smoke? Of course, this is a personal matter for everyone, but any sane person will choose a healthy lifestyle without cigarettes.

Nicotine is an alkaloid synthesized in the roots of plants of the nightshade family and accumulated in the leaves. Nicotine is found mainly in tobacco and shag, but is also present in small doses in eggplants, green peppers, potatoes and tomatoes, as well as in coca leaves. Nicotine is a potent neuro- and cardiotoxin. When this substance is constantly ingested into the body, a person develops a strong but treatable addiction. The effect of nicotine on the body leads to the development of a number of serious diseases.

How nicotine works

When nicotine enters the body, it quickly spreads through the bloodstream throughout all organs. 7 seconds is enough for nicotine to penetrate the brain. Nicotine can cross the blood-brain barrier (the physiological defense of the central nervous system against microorganisms circulating in the blood). The dose of nicotine entering the body with each cigarette smoked is significantly less than the amount of nicotine contained in smoke. When smoking, the amount of nicotine entering the body is much lower than when using snuff and chewing tobacco.

Nicotine, entering the body, affects nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, increasing their activity, which leads to increased production of epinephrine, as well as the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood, which in turn changes the emotional background of a person, generating a feeling of excitement, vigor, clarity of mind, a surge of strength, psychological relaxation, a feeling of lightness and happiness.

The effect of nicotine on cardiovascular system manifests itself in the form of tachycardia, increased blood pressure, narrowing of blood vessels, which leads to disruption of the blood supply to organs. The effect of nicotine on internal organs is due to a reflex action. The effect of nicotine on receptors also increases the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, evoking feeling pleasure, satisfaction.

Nicotine under the influence of enzymes is oxidized to non-toxic nicotinic acid(vitamin PP), however, the human body does not produce the enzymes necessary for oxidation. Therefore, a lack of vitamin PP can be observed even in smokers.

The effect of nicotine on the human body

One cigarette can contain up to 1.27 mg of nicotine, which intravenous administration is lethal dose for a person. The influence of nicotine changes the functioning of all organ systems. Nicotine develops psychological and physical dependence.

Psychological dependence is a habit that forms against the background repetition any action. Psychological dependence on nicotine is enhanced by changes emotional background, which is one of the main factors in the effect of nicotine on the body. The smoker gets used not only to receiving a dose of nicotine that stimulates nervous activity (which is a physical addiction), but also to the ritual itself, which turns into an integral part of his life.

The negative effect of this substance on the body is manifested in disruption of the functioning of its main systems: the central nervous system, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. In addition to the formation of psychological and physical dependence, nicotine promotes development oncological diseases respiratory system, IHD, chronic bronchitis. Smokers exposed to constant exposure to nicotine are more likely to develop thrombosis and atherosclerosis, since nicotine promotes vasoconstriction.

The effect of nicotine on the body is also manifested in delayed healing of ulcers and chronic hypersecretion of mucus. The influence of nicotine contributes early development impotence in men. Women exposed to constant exposure to nicotine have difficulty conceiving and successfully carrying a pregnancy to term.

Nicotine poisoning: main signs

Exceeding the dose of nicotine in the body leads to poisoning. Main symptoms acute poisoning nicotine are:

• Severe dizziness, disorientation in space;
• Nausea, increased salivation, vomiting, diarrhea;
• Heart rhythm disturbances, increased blood pressure;
• Breathing disorder, hearing disorder, vision disorder;
• Convulsions;
• Paralysis of the respiratory center (leads to death).

Also distinguished chronic poisoning nicotine, the symptoms of which are:

• Inflammatory processes of the mucous membranes oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx;
• Development chronic diseases respiratory system;
• Increased salivation;
• Reducing the acidity of gastric juice;
• Increased motility of the large intestine.

Everyone knows that smoking causes irreversible changes in the body, the influence of nicotine is colossal, however, people still continue to use tobacco in various combinations.

This toxin, like one of the components of any cigarette, even in minimal proportions has a fatal effect on the entire organ system.

What is nicotine?

By chemical formula Nicotine is a substance that belongs to a class of alkaloids found in plants of the nightshade family. By origin it is a colorless liquid.

Tobacco is the leader in the content of these substances, however, it is also found in other crops (for example, in tomatoes and potatoes). The substance is lethal to insects and has found its use in agriculture in the synthesis of insecticides. It is formed in many substances, but its concentration does not harm humans.

Produce human body Nicotine can also be eliminated independently with the help of the liver; in this case, it is not a toxin and is excreted in a simple and natural way.

Operating principles

As soon as nicotine enters the human body, it disperses through the blood and all organs. It takes 7 seconds for the substance to enter the brain. It easily penetrates the defenses of the central nervous system. The proportion that enters the bloodstream after a cigarette is much lower than that from nicotine that enters with smoke.

The toxin changes the emotional state, euphoria and lightness appear. This is explained by the fact that it affects special receptors, the hormone epinephrine begins to be produced, and adrenaline and testosterone are produced and produced.

The effect on the cardiovascular system and heart is the manifestation of many diseases - tachycardia, high blood pressure, vascular walls begin to narrow, which ultimately ends in violations in normal functioning internal organs. The feeling of pleasure appears as a result of the work of dopamine hormones.

Nicotine also affects the patient’s body by causing a lack of vitamin PP.

Effect on the body

In a cigarette according to scientists comparison tables on average there is about 1.27 mg of this toxin, but if we inject such an amount into a vein, it will become fatal.

The negative impact on a person is shown in changes in the functioning of the main systems: central nervous, circulatory, hormonal background becomes different.

In addition to addiction, oncology of the respiratory organs is formed.

The ulcers of the subjects heal slowly, the potency of the man already suffers early age, violated reproductive function, smoking has a bad effect on heredity. Women cannot become pregnant for a long period of time.

Problems arise when carrying a child at any stage of pregnancy, including breast milk Nicotine can last for about 72 hours. Teenagers begin common problems with well-being.

Consequences and treatment of poisoning

Nicotine in pure form is a deadly poison, its lethal concentration is even lower than that of the famous potassium cyanide. However, the dose of its content in one cigarette is small and practically cannot lead to poisoning.

IN medical practice There have been cases where patients have died from nicotine.

This, as a rule, became a competition between smokers to see who could “master” the most pipes. No one in their right mind would dare to consume a pack at one time.

If you exceed the dose, you can get poisoned.

The main features in acute degree are considered:

• Loss of orientation;
• Diarrhea and difficulty breathing;
• Job changes heart rate, increase in pressure level;
• Impaired vision and hearing function;
• Paralysis of the respiratory center.

Doctors also determine in the chronic stage:

• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and upper respiratory tract;
• Reducing the level of acid in the stomach;
• Persistent diseases of the respiratory system.

It is almost impossible for a person without special education to independently diagnose nicotine poisoning or overdose, so it is necessary to urgently seek help medical care so that doctors would quickly neutralize him.

Before doctors arrive, it is recommended to rinse the stomach (in case nicotine has been swallowed) and then drink enterosorbent. If it enters the body in any other way, it is necessary to ensure rest. During convulsions, care must be taken to ensure that the patient does not accidentally harm himself.

Under no circumstances should we give anyone who has been poisoned by nicotine any medications, because it will be difficult for a doctor to determine how a particular drug will begin to react with a toxic substance.

You just need to wait for the ambulance and stay with the patient until the doctors arrive.

In the vast majority of cases of toxin poisoning, treatment is not carried out. Over time, all the symptoms disappear, only the aversion to cigarettes does not go away. If a person is poisoned by concentrated nicotine, then the hospital uses supportive measures to cleanse the body of the toxin.

Addiction to nicotine and cigarettes

The influence and mechanism of action of nicotine disrupts the functioning of organs.

Addiction appears, both physical, as a result of the body’s need for a substance, and in the field of psychology, when the hand itself reaches for a cigarette (this is the difference between them).

Psychological dependence- a type of habit that appears as a result of frequent repetition of the same action. It is characterized by changes in emotional state, which is determined by the main factor that affects the body.

A person becomes dependent not only on the dose of the toxin, but also on the process itself, which becomes an indispensable attribute of his life.

When a person gives up this habit, “withdrawal” or “withdrawal syndrome” appears, as the body begins to require nicotine, because the body can no longer do without this poison. This syndrome is accompanied by trembling, hands constantly reaching for a cigarette, an irritable and restless state, an increase or decrease in appetite.

Because of such syndromes, it is very difficult for smokers to quit the bad habit and many begin to give up after a couple of unsuccessful attempts. In order to finally get rid of smoking, doctors advise contacting a specialized specialist, a narcologist, who can develop a treatment program taking into account individual characteristics the patient's body.

To reduce withdrawal symptoms, the doctor may prescribe the use of special medications that reduce the effects of symptoms after quitting cigarettes. Even one puff can be detrimental to recovery. Nicotine addiction can be cured with acupuncture and course methods. (eg Allen Carr) and hypnosis.

Helpers in the fight can be special drugs, which do not contain nicotine, such as Tabex tablets. Doctors also recommend using certain types products (for example, fish).

Positive properties of nicotine

All doctors constantly and over a long period of time say that nicotine is a harmful and dangerous toxin. But everyone knows that many plants from the nightshade family, containing alkaloids (including narcotic substances), have found their positive and effective application in medical practice.

Today, a huge number of products are produced and sold on the market, the purpose of which is to replace cigarettes. These include chewing gum and nicotine patches. The toxin content in them is much less than in the same regular cigarette.

Active development is underway in a number of countries medicines, including nicotine, to combat many diseases. Pharmacology does not stand still and it is believed that in the future nicotine will benefit people, because in fact any Chemical substance– it is a toxin and a medicine at the same time.

The following are distinguished: useful characteristics nicotine:

• Its derivatives prevent the occurrence of cancer that can form due to harmful compounds contained in cigarettes;
• Reduces cravings for complex drugs. This effect of the toxin can be used to combat other addictions;
• Acts as an anti-inflammatory agent;
• Efficiency and mental activity increase when consumed;
• Many diseases are easier when smoking;
• Diabetes mellitus is characterized fast healing vessels;
• If you are overweight, your appetite decreases, which is a good effect for those who want to lose weight and balance the digestive system;
• There are practically no exacerbations of colitis;
• There is a theory that nicotine can reduce the chance of schizophrenia and is used as a psychotropic drug.

Conclusion

Judging by numerous studies, smoking affects both individual internal systems person and general state body.

Nicotine is a poison that slowly kills and leads to serious illnesses, poor health and other consequences. Quitting smoking is quite possible, the main thing is to choose the right method, lead a healthy lifestyle, play sports and start fighting bad habit, because there are so many other joys in life besides using tobacco.

To look better and younger, you need to quit cigarettes.

Development modern medicine does not stand still, and in the future nicotine will also be used to treat many diseases.