Why is the menstrual cycle disturbed. Failure of the cycle of menstruation - causes and treatment

Therefore, if your monthly cycle has gone astray, do not self-medicate, but be sure to seek help from a gynecologist. Only a doctor will correctly determine the cause that provoked the failure of the menstruation cycle and prescribe the correct treatment.

How to calculate the monthly cycle and determine the failure

The length of time from the onset of menstruation to the next - this is the cycle of menstruation. Ovulation is the process of exiting fallopian tube oocyte ready for fertilization. She divides the cycle into two phases: follicular (the process of maturation of the follicle) and luteal (the period from ovulation to the onset of menstruation). In girls who have a 28-day cycle of menstruation, ovulation, as a rule, occurs on the 14th day from their onset. After ovulation, the level of estrogen in the female body drops, but bleeding does not occur, since the corpus luteum controls the production of hormones. Strong fluctuations in the level of estrogen in one direction or another at the time of ovulation can cause uterine bleeding between periods, before and after them.

A normal monthly cycle lasts 21-37 days, usually a cycle is 28 days. The duration of menstruation is usually 3-7 days. If the monthly cycle has gone astray by 1-3 days, this is not considered a pathology. But if menstruation does not occur even 7 days after the right time you should consult your doctor for advice.

How to calculate the monthly cycle? The time interval between 1 day of the onset of menstruation and 1-1 days of the next is the duration of the cycle. In order not to be mistaken, it is better to use a calendar where you can mark the start and end times of menstruation.

In addition, there are currently quite a few computer programs to help with calculations. With their help, you can calculate the time of ovulation and even track the onset of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

You can most accurately calculate the monthly cycle using graphs. basal body temperature. The temperature in the first days after menstruation is kept within 37 ° C, after which it drops sharply to 36.6 ° C, and the next day it rises sharply to 37.5 ° C and stays within these limits until the end of the cycle. And then a day or two before menstruation decreases. If the temperature does not drop, pregnancy has occurred. In the case when it does not change during the entire cycle, ovulation does not occur.

Symptoms that signal a violation of the menstrual cycle:

• an increase in the time interval between menstruation;
• shortening monthly cycle(cycle less than 21 days);
• scanty or vice versa abundant menstruation;
• lack of menstruation;
• spotting and/or bleeding.

Same negative symptom is the duration of menstruation less than three or longer than seven days.

The cycle of menstruation has gone astray: causes

1. Adolescence. In young girls, the failure of the monthly cycle is a fairly common phenomenon, since the hormonal background is still being established. If two years have passed since the appearance of the first menstruation, and the cycle has not returned to normal, you should consult a gynecologist.

2. Severe weight loss or obesity . Extreme diets, starvation and malnutrition are seen by the body as a sign that Hard times and pregnancy is not desirable. Therefore, it turns on natural protection, causing a delay in menstruation. Too much speed dial weight is also bad for the body and leads to violations of the cycle of menstruation.

3. Acclimatization . Moving, air travel to another time zone, holidays in hot countries often cause the monthly cycle to fail. A sharp change in climate is a certain stress. Usually menstrual cycle during acclimatization, it returns to normal when the body gets used to new conditions.

4. Stress and physical overload. These factors quite often lead to a violation of the monthly cycle. When stressed, the body produces an excessive amount of the hormone prolactin. Its excess inhibits ovulation, and menstruation occurs with a delay. In this case, you should get enough sleep, spend more time on fresh air, and on the recommendation of a doctor, start taking sedatives.

5. Hormonal disorders . crash monthly cycle can be caused by problems in the work of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. In this case necessary treatment selected by an endocrinologist.

6. Diseases of the female genital organs . A possible cause is often the pathology of the cervix, inflammation of the uterus and its appendages, polyps and cysts. In most cases, such gynecological problems are treated surgically.

7. Hormonal contraceptives . Reception birth control pills or the rejection of them can cause the monthly cycle to go astray. In this case, you need to consult a gynecologist and take a break from taking oral contraceptives.

8. Pregnancy and lactation . Lack of menstruation during pregnancy and breastfeeding - normal phenomenon. After the cessation of lactation, the normal monthly cycle is restored. In the presence of severe pain in the lower abdomen, you should urgently consult a doctor, since the cause may be an ectopic pregnancy, the untimely determination of which can even lead to lethal outcome due to pain shock and significant blood loss due to rupture of the fallopian tube.

9. Preclimax. At the age of 40-45 years, a failure of the menstrual cycle can be a harbinger of menopause.

10. Forced or spontaneous abortions also have a bad effect on the condition of the uterus, cause delays in menstruation, and often cause infertility.

Also, the reasons for the failure of the cycle of menstruation can be diseases thyroid gland and adrenal glands infectious diseases, Availability bad habits(smoking, alcohol, drugs), taking certain medications, vaginal injuries, vitamin deficiency in the body.

Diagnosis of menstrual cycle disorders

Diagnostics consists of the following steps:

• questioning the patient;
• gynecological examination;
• taking all smears;
• ultrasound abdominal cavity or small pelvis;
• determination of the level of hormones in the blood;
• MRI (detailed examination of the patient for the presence of pathological changes in tissues and neoplasms);
• hysteroscopy;
• urine and blood tests.

The combination of these methods makes it possible to identify the causes that caused the monthly cycle to go astray and eliminate them.

Treatment of menstrual irregularities

The main thing is the treatment of the underlying disease, which caused the failure of the cycle. As preventive measures it is recommended to eat rationally: eat foods rich in protein and iron at least 3-4 times a week, give up bad habits, relax in the fresh air, sleep at least 8 hours a day, take vitamin complexes.

At heavy bleeding, after excluding blood clotting disorders, the doctor may prescribe:

• hemostatic preparations;
• ε-Aminocaproic acid (to eliminate bleeding);
• at heavy bleeding– infusion of plasma to the patient, and sometimes donated blood;
• surgery(extreme method for severe bleeding);
• hysterectomy (removal of the uterus);
• hormonal drugs;
• antibiotics.

Complications in case of failure of the monthly cycle

Remember, your health depends only on you! You should not be frivolous about violations of the monthly cycle, as irregular cycle menstruation can lead to infertility, and frequent heavy intermenstrual bleeding can cause fatigue and disability. Late detection of pathologies causing failure cycle of menstruation, can lead to lethal outcome, although this can be quite successfully avoided by contacting a doctor in time for help. Treatment of menstrual disorders is possible only under the supervision of a qualified specialist.

AT last years Increasingly, gynecologists receive complaints of menstrual irregularities (hereinafter referred to as MMC). Why this problem is so common is easy to understand - the crazy rhythm of life, inattention to one's own health and terrible ecology are to blame. But let's try to understand the reasons why there may be problems with the regularity of menstruation.

At healthy woman reproductive age the menstrual cycle should be stable. The ideal parameters of the correct cycle are the same for women of all nationalities and ages. The cycle is considered from the first day of menstruation and consists of three phases - the monthly, proliferative (ovulatory) and secretory phases.

Generally accepted cycle norms

Based on this elementary knowledge of normal options, you can easily find out if you have menstrual irregularities. For a more detailed definition of the causes of menstrual irregularities, you should contact specialists.

It is worth clarifying that every woman may have 1-2 menstrual disorders per year. A delay of 5–7 days, or vice versa - pre-started menstruation, can occur against the background of a sharp change environment, severe stress. Even factors such as a change of season, a vacation trip (especially with a change in time zone and climate zone), or a cold that has been transferred can lead to a one-time change in the menstrual cycle. You should not worry if this behavior of your body does not become a habit and does not last longer than 1-2 cycles.

Symptoms and types of NMC

Violations of the cycle can be conditionally systematized according to two principles - changes in the duration and frequency of the cycle and changes in the nature and abundance of secretions.

From time to time there may be such problems:

• absence of monthly discharge for 6 or more months (amenorrhea)
• more than 35 days between periods (oligomenorrhea)
• interval between periods less than 22 days (polymenoria)

When it comes to the nature of the discharge, the following deviations from the norm are classified:

• duration of menstruation period up to 3 days (hypomenorrhea)
• the duration of the period of menstruation for more than 7 days (hypermenorrhea)
• discharge lasting 10–14 days (menorrhagia)
• bleeding between periods
• menstruation causes too severe pain that can only be relieved with medication
• pronounced premenstrual syndrome

If you have one or more of the symptoms listed above, then there is a violation of the monthly cycle to one degree or another. The order in which they are listed indicates the severity of the symptom. That is, in the absence of menstruation in the region of six months, you should immediately consult a doctor, however, in the same way as in the case uterine bleeding between two periods of menstruation.

The last two signs of menstrual irregularities are usually ignored by women and endured with a stoic expression and condescending "I have THESE days, I'm a little tired." modern medicine insists that a woman should not endure menstrual pain or explicit PMS symptoms(swelling, nervousness, fatigue, chest pain). Today there is a huge selection of drugs that allow you to gently adjust the hormonal background and save you from this torment. It can even be regular B vitamins, herbal teas or capsules, preparations with a minimum content of hormones.

In just a couple of months of simple therapy, you can get rid of painful periods and nasty PMS for several years, if not for a lifetime! The argument “my grandmother endured, my mother endured, and I will endure” looks stupid and frankly looks like masochism. In addition, the notorious nervousness in PMS time causes inconvenience not only to others, but also to the woman herself. No one in their right mind wants to experience mood swings from sobs of tenderness to anger and the desire to kill. And these uncontrolled seizures gluttony never did anyone any good!

Why are you still suffering if you can easily and simply heal and live full life every day of the month?

Why is cycle failure dangerous?

In itself, the violation of the menstrual cycle in gynecology is not at all considered as a disease or dangerous state. With rare exceptions, it does not threaten the life of a woman. But abrupt change work order reproductive system does not carry anything good and indicates serious violations in the functioning of the body.

It is worth remembering that the actual violation of the menstrual cycle is not a diagnosis, it is a symptom that signals a serious illness.

The cause of a violation of the menstrual schedule can be almost anything - from a disorder in the functions of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland or adrenal glands, to chronic diseases kidney, liver, heart or nervous system lesions.

But greatest influence on the function of the reproductive system women have malfunctions endocrine system and especially the ovaries. Not the last place in the statistics of the causes of the disturbed menstrual cycle is also occupied by diseases of the uterus, chronic inflammation internal genital organs, infectious diseases and sexually transmitted viruses.

Risk factors

For most women and girls, menstrual irregularity becomes an unpleasant surprise. It would seem that nothing foreshadowed trouble, but suddenly a long delay is discovered, and pregnancy tests stubbornly give out negative result. Or just menstruation begins to go at random, not obeying either the calendar or the laws of logic. Of course, such phenomena can happen quite abruptly if serious changes suddenly occur in the body.

However, gynecologists have long identified the so-called risk groups - conditions or lifestyles in which a woman with highly likely may experience dysfunction hormonal system, the consequence of which will be a violation of the menstrual cycle.

We list the most common of them:

When is delay really dangerous?

Although we have already found out above that an irregular menstrual cycle is a symptom and not a disease, there are cases when this symptom is a harbinger of a problem and a reason for an urgent visit to the hospital.

First of all, it is worth mentioning ectopic pregnancy. Often its first signs coincide with those normal pregnancy- delay in menstruation, engorgement of the mammary glands, sensitivity of the nipples, high fatigue. But if the delay is accompanied by a scarlet or pink daub, pain in the appendages, temperature, reduced pressure or weakness, that is serious reason for worry. If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy, you should contact your gynecologist as soon as possible and undergo an ultrasound scan.

If severe cutting or spasmodic pains in the lower abdomen, or bleeding (blood differs from menstrual in color and smell), then you need to call an ambulance without delay.

NMC in gynecology is considered one of the first symptoms of the presence in the body of benign and malignant tumors. Moreover, the cycle is disrupted not only with neoplasms in the organs of the reproductive system, but also with brain tumors and other vital important organs. On the one hand, it is not very comfortable to know about the possibility of such terrible diagnosis and worry every time the menstruation schedule is violated. But if you look at this information differently, then women should be grateful to nature for such a clear bell about problems in the body, such as cycle failures.

Therefore, if you notice the irregularity of monthly discharge, and you have had cases of oncology in your family, or your age is at risk (from 35 and above), then you should immediately visit a gynecologist. If the cause of the NMC is not so serious, then excellent. If the gynecologist cannot find the cause of the cycle disorder, then he will send you for a more detailed examination.

The recommendation for all women to visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination every 6 months is not an unnecessary precaution! Oncological diseases tend to "get younger", and reproductive system women are especially prone to the appearance of neoplasms! Be vigilant and treat your body with attention and love, it will surely reciprocate in the form of health and longevity!

The menstrual cycle is set to adolescence and accompanies a woman throughout the entire childbearing period, up to 40-45 years. Its presence signals that the reproductive system is ready to conceive and bear a child, as well as that the body is actively producing female sex hormones.

Reasons for violation menstrual cycle(as it is sometimes called by the people, correct name“menstrual”) are due to a number of factors, among which the following can be noted:

Hormonal disbalance - Irregular periods may be due to a violation of the functioning of the endocrine system of a woman. With a lack of estrogens, the first phase of the cycle is significantly lengthened, and the dominant one is not released from the antral follicles. With an excess of testosterone, the capsule of the dominant follicle thickens.

As a result, the egg is not able to leave it and the follicle turns into follicular cyst. With a lack of progesterone, the second phase of the cycle becomes too short, which significantly brings the arrival of menstruation closer.

In addition, disruption of hormone production can lead to pathological changes in the structure of the endometrium, which not only leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle, but also to intermenstrual bleeding.

PCOS and MFJ - polycystic ovary syndrome and multifollicular ovaries. These two pathologies are associated with disruption of the paired female gonads. They often cause delays and cysts.

Women who have been diagnosed with one of these diseases have irregular menstrual cycles that tend to last for varying amounts of time. As a result, the intervals between menstrual bleeding can be up to 60-70 days (more on).

STD - Sexually transmitted diseases. Unlike hormonal disruptions can only once cause a violation of the menstrual cycle and completely disappear after treatment.

Most often, infections due to which delays and intermenstrual bleeding occur are gonococci, as well as exacerbation of ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis.

Disruption of the pituitary and hypothalamus - these parts of the brain produce luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (LH and FSH), as well as estrogens, progesterone and prolactin. Failures in the work of these glands can affect the change in the nature of menstruation, both in the direction of their increase and in the direction of decrease.

Physiological age-related changes - This category includes menstrual disorders in those women who are over 40. The reserve of eggs by this time ends and the ovarian reserve is depleted. This leads to a noticeable decrease in the level of estradiol and progesterone, which provokes the irregularity of menstruation.

Different causes of menstrual irregularities can affect the appearance of menstruation in different ways. Therefore, dysfunction of the reproductive system can be divided into two types depending on the frequency and nature of bleeding.

Types of menstrual irregularities by frequency:

• Polymenorrhea - involves a short cycle, less than 22 days. It is characterized by frequent absence of ovulation and insufficiency corpus luteum, in cases where the maturation of the egg does occur. Polymenorrhea can mean both a single-phase and a two-phase cycle. However, in a biphasic, there is usually a failure of the first or second phase, or both at once.
• Oligomenorrhea - involves the onset of menstruation at intervals of 40 to 90 days. This is the most common type of menstrual irregularity, it most often becomes its cause. Often, before the start of such menstruation, spotting is observed for 2-3 days. bloody issues.
• - suggests menstrual bleeding, which occurs at intervals of once every 3 or more months. Most often occurs with increased physical exertion, depletion of the ovarian reserve, stress and overweight body.

Types of menstrual disorders according to the nature of bleeding:

• - characterized by spotting spotting, the duration of which does not exceed 3 days. Such periods are painless, not accompanied by general weakness and do not have severe premenstrual syndrome.
• Abundant menstruation - characterized by large blood loss, strong (especially a few hours before menstruation and in the first hours after they start). They often have a pronounced premenstrual syndrome and a duration of at least 6 to 7 days.
• Intermenstrual bleeding - characterized by spotting blood secretions, which appear in the middle of the cycle and last 2-3 days. Do not confuse them with spotting, provoked by ovulation. The release of the egg from the follicle may contribute to the appearance of only a few drops of blood, which are expressed in the form of mild light brown one-day discharge. Intermenstrual bleeding is more abundant and has a bright color.
• Premenstrual bleeding - characterized by the appearance a few days before menstruation. Usually they intensify and develop into menstruation. Are characteristic symptom endometriosis.
• Postmenstrual bleeding - characterized by the presence of spotting spotting, which are observed for several days after the cessation of menstruation and gradually disappear. They are a sign of chronic.

Any of these types of menstrual irregularities can occur in a woman aged 40 to 45 years with the onset of menopause. Bleeding sometimes becomes scarce and rare, sometimes it becomes breakthrough and stops only for a short period of time.

Possible Complications

At any age, menstrual irregularities can lead to various complications that are hazardous to health.

• Anemia - may be due to too heavy periods. Its risk is especially high in the case when bleeding is frequent, with an interval of 2 to 3 weeks.
• A hematometra is a collection of blood and blood clots in the uterus, which for some reason cannot completely go outside. Instead of normal menstruation, in this case, there are very meager, but long-term spotting.
• - is not a direct consequence of irregular menstruation, however, menstrual irregularities signal that the woman's endocrine system is not functioning properly. The longer the start of treatment is delayed, the greater the likelihood of infertility.

Depending on what character irregular menstruation treatment will be determined. It provides two directions: drug therapy and surgical intervention.

Moreover, the first option is usually aimed at eliminating the cause of the cycle violation, and the second, implying surgical care, sometimes aimed at eliminating the consequences of the pathological course of menstruation.

• Conservative treatment

Therapy involves two tasks: regulation hormonal background and reduced blood loss. Before prescribing medication, the doctor should familiarize himself with the results of the ultrasound.

Oral contraceptives- often contain hormones of both the first and second phases. To regulate the cycle, OK is prescribed for several months (from 3 to 6). Endocrine glands under the influence of synthetic analogues of hormones, they will begin to function normally and menstruation will begin to come on time.

However, there are a number of difficulties with this treatment. Firstly, there is a category of women who do not tolerate oral contraceptives. Secondly, treatment with such drugs can only have a temporary effect, and after a few months the menstrual cycle will again become irregular.

Hormonal drugs- unlike oral contraceptives, they contain a synthetic analogue of only one hormone, or they contain substances that prevent the production of a certain hormone.

There, the doctor, based on the results of a blood test, can prescribe separate drug for each hormone that exceeds allowable rate or has a concentration below normal.

Hemostatic drugs- are prescribed for such violations of menstruation, which are characterized by excessive blood loss. Unlike hormonal drugs the use of hemostatic drugs does not treat the cause of hormonal failure, but only its consequence - bleeding.

Violation of the menstrual cycle in women after 45 years of age requires only symptomatic drug treatment, since the body enters the menopause period and after a certain time, menstruation will stop forever.

• Surgery

Irregular menstruation caused by hormonal disorders, can lead to the accumulation of blood clots in the uterine cavity, which different reasons not able to completely pour into the vagina.

In order to avoid inflammation and in order to save the patient from constant scanty bleeding, the body of the uterus is scraped. For treatment, a woman must lie down for a while in a hospital.

The operation is carried out under general anesthesia, and the contents of the uterine cavity, which was taken out, is sent for histology. If you do not correct the menstrual cycle with hormonal drugs, then clots can accumulate again after some time and surgical intervention will be required again.

If menstruation is irregular, you should pay close attention to this and do not postpone a visit to the doctor.

Every woman has experienced the symptoms of menstrual irregularities at least once in her life. Sometimes they mean the emergence of new life in the womb, but often indicate health problems.

Before diving into diseases and their manifestations, you need to understand how the female body functions. The most important task of the functioning of the body of a woman is childbearing. Therefore, the reproductive system is considered the most significant.

The reproductive organs are divided into:

• internal (vagina, ovaries, uterus);
• external (genital gap, large and small labia, clitoris).

The main task of the reproductive system is to continue the race. Therefore, all its components direct their action to maintain reproductive function. It is important that female sex hormones are produced in sufficient quantities. They contribute to the restoration of the mucous membrane after menstruation. Progesterone helps to gain a foothold in the uterus fertilized egg after ovulation. Sex hormones ensure the regularity of menstruation. Therefore, violations of monthly discharge entail serious consequences in the work of the reproductive system, and sometimes even infertility.

A woman has her own individual menstrual cycle, which on average lasts from 28 to 35 days. Menstruation is only one of the stages of the cycle and begins only if pregnancy has not occurred.

Symptoms of menstrual irregularity

Deviations in the course of the monthly cycle can express themselves in different ways. But in any case, the duration of bleeding is disturbed, they can change their structure, be accompanied by pain, or even disappear.

There are the following symptoms of menstrual irregularities:

• Too, they do not affect the duration of menstruation.
• Complete within six months.
• Too bloody discharge and their short duration (1-2 days).
• Periods come every 3 months.
• irregular cycle.
• normal, bleeding can last up to two weeks.
• Lack of cycle stability, accompanied by.
• Too frequent periods.
• Permanent and heavy menstruation, which affect general state women

All of the above signs of violations of the MC require attention. Therefore, having discovered any symptom in yourself, you need to contact a gynecologist, because starting the disease can quickly aggravate the situation.

Kinds

There are some forms of manifestation of violations of the monthly cycle:

1. Algodysmenorrhea. Pain lower abdomen and lower back. The most common type of violation.
2. Dysmenorrhea. Absence of systemic periods. Cycle times fluctuate constantly.
3. Oligoamenorrhea. Too rare spotting, accompanied by rapid weight gain, the presence of hair in places where they should not be.
4. Metrorrhagia. This type of MC disorder is characterized by bleeding between periods.
5. Amenorrhea. Prolonged absence monthly.

Above are perhaps the most common manifestations of cycle disorders. If a woman feels such features menstrual period, or it is absent at all, you should immediately see a specialist.

Causes

It is very important to take care of your health, because you can not buy it for any money. It is important to know that disturbances in the functioning of the female reproductive system can cause irregular periods.

Factors affecting the appearance of problems with MC:

• Pregnancy. This is the happiest factor.
• Violations of the functionality of the reproductive system (problems with the functioning of the ovaries, lack of ovulation, menopause, diseases of the endocrine system, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, hormonal disruptions).
• Health problems affecting the state of the whole female body(, endometrial hyperplasia, polyps in the uterus, cancer of the genital organs, neoplasms, malformations of the reproductive system, diseases of the kidneys, liver, anemia, anemia, overweight).
• Acquired as a result of long-term drug treatment (use hormonal drugs, contraceptives, drugs for getting rid of unwanted pregnancy after unprotected sex).

It is necessary to monitor the state of your health and seek medical help in time.

Treatment Methods

You can get rid of this disease in two ways: by medication or surgical.

Treatment medicines is:

• Eliminate the violation by getting rid of provoking factors.
• The use of hormone therapy.
• Purpose vitamin complexes and macronutrients.
• Getting rid of anemia, and with it anemia.

If we talk about surgical intervention, it could be:

1. Mucosal cleansing.
2. Removal of polyps, cysts, uterine fibroids and other formations.

In any case, only a qualified gynecologist prescribes treatment. You should never self-medicate, because you can also aggravate the situation with complications.

Folk methods

Grandma's recipes, of course, do not inspire confidence, but they are still popular:

1. With oligomenorrhea, you need to prepare a powder from 1 spoon of parsley seeds and take it twice a day, drinking large quantity water.
2. When menstruation is absent for a long period, take 1 tablespoon of wormwood and pour 200 gr. hot water. It is recommended to drink 50 g three times a day.
3. At copious secretions will help herbal infusion from equal parts of oak bark, raspberry leaves and strawberry leaves. All ingredients are mixed, 2 parts of water are added and boiled for 5 minutes. Next, you need to strain the broth and drink in small sips throughout the day for a week.

Prevention measures

To prevent violations in the MC, it is necessary to follow some recommendations:

1. Mark your periods on a calendar.
2. Go to the gynecologist every 6 months.
3. To control physical exercise.
4. Pay attention to nutrition. It should be as healthy and balanced as possible.
5. Drink a complex of vitamins every 3-4 months.

By following simple rules, you can protect yourself from unwanted difficulties with the menstrual cycle. And by detecting the disease in time, it is possible to prevent serious illness, the consequences of which may be irreversible.

On the video about the examination for violation of the menstrual cycle

I would very much like the body to always work perfectly, everything happened to it strictly according to the schedule, no excitement associated with the next “surprises” on its part did not hit nervous system. However, this is not possible, we constantly have to solve some problems: among women, the most common is the delay in the menstrual cycle. And if a few days are not critical, when the count goes to weeks, there are serious concerns for health.

Failure of menstruation: when to start worrying?

Before looking for the reasons for the disappearance of menstruation or a change in the schedule for their beginning and end, you should go through several periods in a woman's life, when this is an absolutely normal phenomenon that does not require any outside intervention: neither the woman herself nor the gynecologist.

• Age 13-15 years old, when the hormonal formation of the body occurs, is rather unstable. It is at this moment that a teenage girl's period should begin and, it is likely that after the first secretions will pass not 27-29 days before the next, but 2-3 months. At the same time, regularity can fluctuate even during the year. You should be worried if the girl does not have a relatively stable schedule in the 16th year.
• Age 40-45 years old, after which comes menopause, is also often accompanied by a failure of menstruation, however, this border can shift by the age of 50-55, depending on the woman's body. Both short-term and long-term disturbances are possible here, but in each of the cases, the intervention of a gynecologist is not required, unless there are overlapping other factors that will be discussed below.

If you do not fall under the age limits suggested above, but the cycle is still broken, the reasons can be both situational and severe. But in order to understand which category to put the current situation in, it is important to accurately determine the degree of failure.

• The classic duration of the menstrual cycle, set as the norm, is 28 days, while there may be a run-up from 21 to 37 days. A situational failure is considered a deviation from the formed duration by 3-6 days: it is better not to panic here, it is likely that serious problems not with the body. But with a delay of 7 or more days, you will have to start looking for internal causes.

Why does the menstrual cycle fail?

1. Acclimatization- most common cause failure of the menstrual cycle, which is situational in nature. Inherent in a sensitive organism, it does not need outside intervention, and nothing can be done with it. In its action, it is close to classical stress, but often passes much faster. Here the failure is usually short-term, for 3-5 days.
2. Transferred viral infections- from a common cold to a severe flu: such disorders affect all body systems, especially if accompanied by high temperature. In most cases, on the contrary, they cause an earlier onset of menstruation, but strong (up to 7 days) delays are not uncommon. Medical intervention is also not required, the body will recover on its own, and the cycle along with it.
3. elevated physical loads. For the body, they are considered a kind of mild stress, even if in a positive way. Delay or vice versa early start slight, but the discharge can be profuse, accompanied by weakness and pain in the lower abdomen. If the load was situational, the failure will be eliminated quickly, if it is long-term (entering a sports mode), then the body will get used to it for a long time, and over the next 2-3 cycles, the same violations of the schedule are possible.
4. Stress. It all depends on the degree of horror experienced: slight excitement will only stir up the schedule, but serious experiences, accompanied by constant insomnia, loss of appetite, apathy, reduced concentration, and other disorders, often lead to the fact that the cycle is shifted by 7-14 days, and this accompanied by painful symptoms in the abdomen and head, weakness, nausea. In such a situation, it is necessary to provide enhanced reinforcement to the nervous system, and it is better if qualified specialist. As a safe support, you can drink "Glycine" or tinctures of valerian, motherwort, St. John's wort.

Severe causes of menstrual cycle failure

Everybody possible reasons the menstrual irregularities set out below should be established and confirmed by a specialist, and the treatment in each of the situations should be prescribed by a doctor.

1. Changes hormonal background. The most common reason from the category of serious and, at the same time, the most complex. Here, there are also situational jumps in hormones, especially those associated with the use of oral contraceptives, which do not even out. drug treatment, and diseases of the pituitary or thyroid gland, requiring a visit to the endocrinologist.
2. Sharp changes masses body. As fast weight loss, and rapid weight gain, lead not only to the lowering of the kidneys and deterioration general well-being, especially weight loss to extreme values. In such a situation, the body hidden reserves, adjusting to a mode of life support, in which he is not able to share his energy and nutrients With possible fruit. Therefore, all possibilities of ovulation are suppressed, as a result of which menstruation completely disappears.
3. Diseases reproductive systems. Here can be like inflammatory processes uterus and appendages, polyps and cysts, or infections of the pelvic organs. Upon confirmation (via full complex tests and examinations) of the diagnosis and its elimination, the cycle is restored independently.
4. abortion and miscarriages- violation of the cycle after surgical intervention or unsuccessful pregnancy is the rule rather than the exception. However, if the delay is more than 10-14 days, it is likely that it indicates infertility.

And you can never discount the most pleasant cause of menstrual irregularities - pregnancy, as well as subsequent breastfeeding. The recovery of the body will happen immediately after the end of lactation, however, doctors warn that if on the days set by the schedule it is fixed pain syndrome in the lower abdomen, you need to see a specialist.