home Adviсe Medicines for kidney pyelonephritis. Symptoms of pyelonephritis and current treatments

Medicines for kidney pyelonephritis. Symptoms of pyelonephritis and current treatments

Treatment of pyelonephritis at home is of interest to many people who suffer from this pathology. It should be noted that now there are more and more of them. Therefore, this issue should be carefully considered.

Features of the disease

Pyelonephritis is an inflammatory disease of an infectious nature. It is non-specific. The main target of the lesion is the calyx and pelvis. If this pathology is not treated in time, more complex illness- nephrosclerosis.

The infection presented is not epidemic in nature, but the number of cases is increasing every year. Moreover, people may have different shape of this pathology. Treatment of pyelonephritis at home is effective, but it should be used only after consultation with a doctor, and in complex therapy.

Where does the disease come from?

First you need to find out why it appears this problem. Among the reasons for the development of pathology are the following:

1. General decrease in the body's defenses.

2. Obstructed outflow of urine from the kidneys.

3. Chronic inflammatory processes in the body.

4. Frequent hypothermia.

5. In men, the cause of the development of the disease can be prostate adenoma.

6. Urolithiasis.

Before you start treating pyelonephritis at home, you should definitely visit a doctor and determine what exactly caused the problem. Only in this case can adequate therapy be prescribed.

Types of disease

Most often, this pathology occurs in two forms: acute and chronic. The second type of disease appears only if you have not completed treatment of the first. That is, an acute attack is characterized by more severe symptoms and often requires immediate medical attention.

The chronic form of pyelonephritis can take much longer to develop. In this case, the strength of the symptoms may not be so pronounced. However, in any case, treatment will be required. It should be noted that the pathology can be unilateral or bilateral.

Symptoms of the disease

Before starting treatment for pyelonephritis at home, it is necessary to determine not only the cause and type of pathology, but also to determine its symptoms as accurately as possible. The acute form is characterized by the following symptoms:

The appearance of general weakness, headache, decreased ability to work;

In some cases, vomiting and nausea are possible;

A sharp increase in temperature up to 40 degrees;

Painful sensations of a dull nature in the area lumbar region(the intensity of the syndrome may vary);

Presence purulent discharge in urine.

As for the chronic form of the pathology, it is characterized by all the previous symptoms, expressed in to varying degrees. In addition, difficulty urinating and lack of appetite may be added.

Complications

If you have and the treatment of which depends on the type of pathology, then you should definitely get rid of it. The fact is that any delay is fraught with serious complications. In addition to constantly feeling discomfort and pain, you can significantly damage your kidneys.

First of all, the chronic form of the pathology can periodically worsen. If left untreated, it can lead to kidney failure. Small ulcers, abscesses, and carbuncles may appear in the damaged organ. This complication requires immediate surgical intervention.

The most severe form of pathology, which often leads to fatal outcome, is pyonephrosis. In this case, the kidney is destroyed by pus. That is, the damaged organ is filled with pus, tissue decay products and urine. In this case, the kidney consists of separate cavities.

After all that has been said, you must understand that if you have pyelonephritis, only a specialist can determine the symptoms and treatment.

Diagnosis of the disease

The presented pathology must be correctly diagnosed, because the symptoms may not show the full picture. However, the signs are playing important role in diagnostics. In addition, the doctor will order blood and urine tests for the patient to see if there is an increase in the number of white blood cells and protein. And some tests can determine which bacterium is the causative agent of the disease.

In addition to the tests, the doctor must also collect the patient’s medical history and see if there have been any recent inflammatory processes. To complete the picture, radiography and excretory urography are performed. These studies will help determine the size of the kidneys and the degree of their damage.

Features of eliminating an acute attack

If you have pyelonephritis, your doctor must determine the symptoms and treatment. So, the presented disease can occur in an acute form. Naturally, it is not enough to simply relieve the symptoms and call it a day. A problem has arisen and needs to be solved.

Most often during acute attack the patient must be hospitalized and given drug therapy. That is, the patient must take antibiotics that effectively act on pathogens. In addition, the patient should take medications that will help the body maintain its natural defenses.

At this stage, all the doctors’ efforts are concentrated on eliminating the source of inflammation, getting rid of the symptoms and preventing the acute form from turning into a purulent-destructive one. Naturally, during therapy it is imperative to restore the function of urine outflow from the kidneys.

Traditional treatment of chronic form

Before using a folk remedy for pyelonephritis, you should definitely consult a doctor. Conservative therapy involves the use of antibacterial and immunostimulating drugs.

Surgery may be used to restore the flow of urine. When comes quite quickly. Antibiotics should be prescribed only taking into account how the urine microflora will react to the drugs. As for anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs such as Nimesil and Voltaren can be used. To improve blood flow from the kidneys, you can use Trental and Heparin.

If you develop pyelonephritis, treatment folk remedies, reviews of which are mostly positive, can become an additional stage of therapy that will speed up the elimination of the disease. However, you should definitely consult your doctor.

How to get rid of pathology using non-traditional means?

So, herbs have been our helpers in the fight against many diseases for many hundreds of years. If you have pyelonephritis, it will help you in this case too.

Let's look at the most effective folk medicines:

1. A large spoonful of flax seeds must be steamed with a glass of boiling water. Next, the mixture will have to be boiled over high heat for about 3 minutes. One hour is enough to infuse the drink. You only need to drink the prepared product for 2 days, half a glass twice a day. This drink will help relieve inflammation and further cleanse your kidneys.

2. If you have chronic pyelonephritis, treatment with folk remedies will be very effective. For example, use hop cones. To prepare the decoction, take only 2 tbsp. spoons of raw materials and steam them with half a liter of boiling water. The mixture should sit for 2 hours. The drink should be consumed up to 4 times a day before meals. You only need to drink half a glass.

3. Sea buckthorn berries are excellent for kidney diseases.

4. Honey and viburnum are the richest products in vitamins and other useful substances. To prepare the medicine, you just need to mix the raw materials in equal quantities. You should take it 1 large spoon three times a day. Moreover, this should be done before eating.

5. To ensure that urine leaves the kidneys well, try to eat at least 2 kg of watermelon per day. Moreover, it doesn’t matter at all when you use it: during the day or at night.

Herbs such as stinging nettle, bearberry, oats, smooth hernia, chamomile, cornflower, and yarrow help greatly with this disease. If you have been diagnosed with pyelonephritis, herbal treatment may be an alternative to antibiotics. Although in some cases you should not refuse them, so as not to aggravate the situation.

Nutritional Features

Therapy is not the only method of getting rid of the disease. The point is that the approach must be comprehensive. Naturally, the patient will have to adjust his diet and diet. That is, you need to eat small meals at least 4-5 times a day. At the same time, spicy, canned, smoked, sweet and too salty foods are excluded from the diet. Do not consume spices, coffee, cocoa, or citrus juices.

Meat and fish should be eaten boiled. It is better to cook soups only from vegetables, without adding a large number of oils Any porridge is very useful. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits, and the most effective foods are those that have a large amount of fiber in their composition.

If you cannot give up sweets, then simply limit the amount. You are allowed to eat marshmallows, honey, pancakes, and jam. Drink more compotes, water, juices, milk, kefir. Cottage cheese, cheese, sour cream are useful. Eggs can be eaten in any form.

In order for vitamins C and P to enter the body, try to drink teas from chokeberry, currants and rose hips. Moreover, they should be consumed only 2-3 times a day. The amount of fluid consumed per day should be at least 1 liter for preschool children and 2.5 liters for adults.

Disease prevention

If you have pyelonephritis, traditional treatment methods will help you quickly get rid of this problem. However, at all times it was believed that prevention is the best remedy from all diseases.

So, so that you do not have to suffer from this pathology, try to strictly observe personal hygiene and do not catch a cold. Any infectious or inflammatory process should also be treated in a timely manner. Watch your diet and do exercises that strengthen your body physical exercise, strengthen your immune system.

If you have any problems with your kidneys, you should immediately consult a doctor who can promptly recognize and eliminate the source of the disease. Do not try to delay treatment, because the pathology can develop into a form where doctors are powerless. In this case, it is produced and this is enough swipe throughout the body.

Now you know how to treat chronic pyelonephritis with herbs. However, always be careful and attentive so as not to harm yourself further. Be healthy!

Pyelonephritis is an acute or chronic kidney disease that develops as a result of the influence of certain causes (factors) on the kidney that lead to inflammation of one of its structures, called the pyelocaliceal system (the structure of the kidney in which urine accumulates and is excreted) and adjacent to this structure, tissue (parenchyma), with subsequent dysfunction of the affected kidney.

The definition of "Pyelonephritis" comes from the Greek words ( pyelos- translated as, pelvis, and nephros-bud). Inflammation of the kidney structures occurs in turn or simultaneously, it depends on the cause of pyelonephritis, it can be unilateral or bilateral. Acute pyelonephritis appears suddenly, with severe symptoms (pain in lumbar region, increased temperature up to 39 0 C, nausea, vomiting, urination problems), with it proper treatment After 10-20 days, the patient recovers completely.

Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by exacerbations (most often in the cold season) and remissions (symptoms subside). Its symptoms are mild, most often it develops as a complication of acute pyelonephritis. Often chronic pyelonephritis is associated with any other disease of the urinary system (chronic cystitis, urolithiasis, abnormalities of the urinary system, prostate adenoma and others).

Women, especially young and middle-aged women, get the disease more often than men, approximately in a ratio of 6:1, this is due to the anatomical features of the genital organs, the onset of sexual activity, and pregnancy. Men more often develop pyelonephritis at an older age; this is most often associated with the presence of prostate adenoma. Children also get sick, more often early age(up to 5-7 years), compared to older children, this is due to the body’s low resistance to various infections.

Kidney anatomy

The kidney is an organ of the urinary system that is involved in removing excess water from the blood and products released by body tissues that are formed as a result of metabolism (urea, creatinine, medications, toxic substances and others). The kidneys remove urine from the body, then through the urinary tract (ureters, bladder, urethra), it is released into the environment.

The kidney is a paired organ, bean-shaped, dark brown, located in the lumbar region, on the sides of the spine.

The weight of one kidney is 120 - 200 g. The tissue of each kidney consists of the medulla (in the shape of pyramids), located in the center, and the cortex, located along the periphery of the kidney. The tops of the pyramids merge in 2-3 pieces, forming renal papillae, which are covered by funnel-shaped formations (small renal calyces, on average 8-9 pieces), which in turn merge in 2-3 pieces, forming large renal calyces (on average 2-4 in one kidney). Subsequently, the large renal calyces pass into one large renal pelvis (a cavity in the kidney, funnel-shaped), which in turn passes into next body urinary system, called the ureter. From the ureter, urine flows into the bladder (a reservoir for collecting urine), and from it through the urethra to the outside.

It is accessible and understandable about how the kidneys develop and work.

Inflammatory processes in the calyces and pelvis of the kidney are called pyelonephritis.

Causes and risk factors in the development of pyelonephritis

*Features of the urinary tract*
Congenital anomalies (improper development) of the urinary system	R develop as a result of exposure to the fetus during pregnancy unfavorable factors(smoking, alcohol, drugs) or hereditary factors(hereditary nephropathy, occurs as a result of mutation of the gene responsible for the development of the urinary system). Congenital anomalies leading to the development of pyelonephritis include the following malformations: narrowing of the ureter, underdeveloped kidney (small), prolapsed kidney (located in the pelvic region). The presence of at least one of the above defects leads to stagnation of urine in renal pelvis, and disruption of its excretion into the ureter, this is a favorable environment for the development of infection and further inflammation of the structures where urine has accumulated.
Anatomical features structure of the genitourinary system in women	In women, compared to men, the urethra is shorter and larger in diameter, so sexually transmitted infections easily penetrate the urinary tract, rising to the level of the kidney, causing inflammation.
*Hormonal changes in the body during pregnancy*
The pregnancy hormone, progesterone, has the ability to reduce the tone of the muscles of the genitourinary system, this ability has, positive effect(prevention of miscarriages), and a negative effect (impaired urine outflow). The development of pyelonephritis during pregnancy is caused by impaired outflow of urine (a favorable environment for the proliferation of infection), which develops as a result of hormonal changes and compression of the ureter by the enlarged (during pregnancy) uterus.
*Reduced immunity*
The task of the immune system is to eliminate all substances and microorganisms foreign to our body; as a result of a decrease in the body's resistance to infections, pyelonephritis can develop. Young children under 5 years old get sick more often because their immune system is not sufficiently developed compared to older children. Pregnant women normally have a decreased immune system; this mechanism is necessary to maintain pregnancy, but is also a favorable factor for the development of infection. Diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in immunity, for example: AIDS, cause the development of various infectious diseases, including pyelonephritis.
*Chronic diseases of the genitourinary system*
Stones or tumors urinary tract , chronic prostatitis	lead to impaired urine excretion and stagnation;
Chronic cystitis	(inflammation Bladder), in case of ineffective treatment or its absence, the infection spreads along the urinary tract upward (to the kidney), and its further inflammation.
Sexually transmitted infections of the genital organs	Infections such as chlamydia, trichomoniasis, when penetrating through the urethra, enter the urinary system, including the kidney.
Chronic foci of infection	Chronic amygdalitis, bronchitis, intestinal infections, furunculosis and other infectious diseases are a risk factor for the development of pyelonephritis . In the presence of a chronic focus of infection, its causative agent (staphylococcus, coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida and others) can enter the kidneys with the bloodstream.

Symptoms of pyelonephritis

burning and pain during urination due to inflammatory process in the urinary tract;
need in frequent urination than usual, in small portions;
beer-colored urine (dark and cloudy) is the result of the presence of a large number of bacteria in the urine,
unpleasant smell of urine,
often the presence of blood in the urine (stagnation of blood in the vessels, and the release of red blood cells from the vessels into the surrounding inflamed tissues).

Pasternatsky's symptom is positive - when a light blow is applied to the lumbar region with the edge of the palm, pain appears.
Edema occurs when chronic form pyelonephritis, in advanced cases(untreated), most often appear on the face (under the eyes), legs, or other parts of the body. Swelling appears in the morning, soft dough-like consistency, symmetrical (on the left and right sides). right side bodies of the same size).

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis

General urine analysis - indicates deviations in the composition of urine, but does not confirm the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, since any of the deviations may be present in other kidney diseases.
Correct urine collection: In the morning, the external genital organs are toileted, only after this the morning, first portion of urine is collected in a clean, dry container (a special plastic cup with a lid). Collected urine can be stored for no more than 1.5-2 hours.

Indicators of general urine analysis for pyelonephritis:

High level of leukocytes (normally in men there are 0-3 leukocytes in the field of view, in women up to 0-6);
Bacteria in urine >100,000 per ml; the excreted urine is normal and should be sterile, but when collecting it, hygienic conditions are often not observed, so the presence of bacteria up to 100,000 is allowed;
Urine density
Ph of urine – alkaline (normally acidic);
The presence of protein, glucose (normally they are absent).

Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko:

Leukocytes are elevated (normally up to 2000/ml);
Red blood cells are elevated (normally up to 1000/ml);
Presence of cylinders (normally they are absent).

Bacteriological examination of urine: used when there is no effect from the accepted course of antibiotic treatment. A urine culture is performed to identify the causative agent of pyelonephritis, and in order to select an antibiotic sensitive to this flora for effective treatment.

Kidney ultrasound: is the most reliable method for determining the presence of pyelonephritis. Determines different kidney sizes, reduction in the size of the affected kidney, deformation collecting system, identifying a stone or tumor if present.

Excretory urography, is also a reliable method for detecting pyelonephritis, but compared to ultrasound, it is possible to visualize the urinary tract (ureter, bladder), and if there is a blockage (stone, tumor), determine its level.

CT scan, is a method choice, using This method can assess the degree of damage to the kidney tissue and identify if complications are present (for example, the spread of the inflammatory process to neighboring organs)

Treatment of pyelonephritis

Drug treatment of pyelonephritis

Antibiotics, are prescribed for pyelonephritis; based on the results of a bacteriological examination of urine, the causative agent of pyelonephritis is determined and which antibiotic is sensitive (suitable) against this pathogen.

Therefore, self-medication is not recommended, since only the attending physician can select the optimal drugs and the duration of their use, taking into account the severity of the disease and individual characteristics.
Antibiotics and antiseptics in the treatment of pyelonephritis:

Penicillins(Amoxicillin, Augmentin). Amoxicillin orally, 0.5 g 3 times a day;
Cephalosporins(Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone). Ceftriaxone intramuscularly or intravenously, 0.5-1 g 1-2 times a day;
Aminoglycosides(Gentamicin, Tobramycin). Gentamicin intramuscularly or intravenously, 2 mg/kg 2 times a day;
Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, 0.1 g orally 2 times a day);
Levomycetin group(Chloramphenicol, 0.5 g orally 4 times a day).

Sulfonamides(Urosulfan, 1 g orally 4 times a day);
Nitrofurans(Furagin, orally 0.2 g 3 times a day);
Quinolones(Nitroxoline, 0.1 g orally 4 times a day).

Diuretics: prescribed for chronic pyelonephritis (to remove excess water from the body and possible edema), and not prescribed for acute pyelonephritis. Furosemide 1 tablet 1 time per week.
Immunomodulators: increase the body's reactivity in case of illness, and to prevent exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis.

Timalin, intramuscularly 10-20 mg 1 time per day, 5 days;
T-activin, intramuscularly 100 mcg once a day, 5 days;

Multivitamins , (Duovit, 1 tablet 1 time per day), Ginseng tincture – 30 drops 3 times a day, also used to improve immunity.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Voltaren), have an anti-inflammatory effect. Voltaren orally, 0.25 g 3 times a day, after meals.
To improve renal blood flow, these drugs are prescribed for chronic pyelonephritis. Chime, 0.025 g 3 times a day.

Herbal medicine for pyelonephritis

Herbal medicine for pyelonephritis is used as an addition to drug treatment, or to prevent exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, and is best used under the supervision of a physician.

Cranberry juice has antimicrobial effect, drink 1 glass 3 times a day.

Bearberry decoction has an antimicrobial effect, take 2 tablespoons 5 times a day.

Boil 200 g of oats in one liter of milk, drink ¼ glass 3 times a day.
Kidney collection No. 1: A decoction of a mixture (rose hips, birch leaves, yarrow, chicory root, hops), drink 100 ml 3 times a day, 20-30 minutes before meals.
It has a diuretic and antimicrobial effect.

Collection No. 2: bearberry, birch, hernia, knotweed, fennel, calendula, chamomile, mint, lingonberry. Finely chop all these herbs, add 2 tablespoons of water and boil for 20 minutes, take half a glass 4 times a day.

Good day, dear readers!

In today's article we will look at such things as pyelonephritis, as well as everything connected with it. So…

What is pyelonephritis?

Pyelonephritis– inflammatory disease of the kidneys, which primarily affects the renal collecting system (calyces, pelvis, tubules and renal parenchyma, most often its interstitial tissue).

The main cause of pyelonephritis- infection of the kidneys with Escherichia coli, staphylococci, enterococci and other pathogens, but mostly bacteria. It is not uncommon for the disease to develop due to simultaneous damage to an organ by several types of infection, especially the pair - E. coli + enterococci.

Synonyms for pyelonephritis are pyelitis (the inflammatory and infectious process is limited only to the renal pelvis).

Pyelonephritis is characterized by severe course and symptoms such as – severe pain in the area of the affected kidney and increased, often to high, body temperature.

If we talk about distribution by gender, pyelonephritis in women occurs almost 6 times more often than in men, and this inequality is observed even among children.

The appearance and development of pyelonephritis, as we said, is due. Reaching the pyelocaliceal system by pathogenic microflora occurs upward path– from the reproductive system to the bladder and higher, to the kidneys. This phenomenon is usually caused by poor urine flow, for example, with (prostatic hyperplasia), prostatitis, and decreased tissue elasticity due to aging of the body. It is also possible to get an infection through a descending route, when a person becomes seriously ill, and an infection that enters the bloodstream or lymphatic system spreads throughout the body.

The onset of the disease is predominantly severe - acute pyelonephritis. At the same time, the kidney increases in size, its capsule becomes thickened. Afterwards, the surface of the kidney may bleed, and signs of perinephritis may appear. In the kidney itself, during acute pyelonephritis, a large number of perivascular infiltrates are observed in the interstitial tissue, as well as a tendency towards their abscess formation (formation).

Purulent formations in combination with bacterial microflora move further and capture the lumen of the tubules and begin to form pustules in the medulla of the kidney, which in turn form serous-yellowish purulent stripes reaching the papillae. If the process is not stopped, blood circulation in the kidney is disrupted and parts of the organ cut off from blood supply, and therefore nutrition, begin to die (necrosis).

If you leave everything as it is, do not consult a doctor, or take any antibiotic without consultation that does not completely stop the spread of the infection, the disease often becomes chronic.

Acute pyelonephritis is accompanied by high body temperature, chills, acute pain, bacteriuria, leukocyturia.

Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by less pronounced symptoms, but exacerbations of the disease may periodically occur, especially when the body is exposed to various pathological factors (hypothermia and others).

Pyelonephritis can be primary or secondary.

Primary pyelonephritis develops as an independent disease - with direct infection of the kidneys.

Secondary develops against the background various diseases, for example, with urolithiasis.

Spread of pyelonephritis

The disease pyelonephritis is diagnosed annually in 1% of the world's population (about 65,000,000 people).

The majority is occupied by pyelonephritis in women, in a ratio of 6 to 1 compared to men.

The advantage was also noticed between children, to the side female body. However, in old age, pyelonephritis in men is more common, which is associated with certain urodynamic disorders.

Pyelonephritis accounts for 14% of all kidney diseases.

Pyelonephritis in pregnant women, on average, occurs in 8% of women, and the trend is increasing - over the past 20 years, the number of cases has increased 5 times.

This kidney disease is considered difficult to diagnose. Thus, autopsies show that every 10-12 people who died suffered from pyelonephritis.

At adequate therapy, symptoms are minimized in almost 95% of patients already in the first days from the start of treatment.

Pyelonephritis - ICD

ICD-10: N10-N12, N20.9;
ICD-9: 590, 592.9.

Among the main signs of the disease are...

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis

Severe pain with pyelonephritis is one of the main signs of the disease, the localization of which depends on the affected kidney. The pain can also be girdling in nature, radiating to bottom part backs. Increased pain is observed with palpation or deep breathing;
Symptoms of intoxication of the body, which are accompanied by lack of appetite and malaise;
, which during the day can either drop to 37 ° C or rise again;
, muscle pain;
Increased frequency of urination;
Moderate swelling of the patient;
The presence of bacteria and leukocytes in the patient’s urine and blood;
Approximately 10% of patients may develop bacterial shock;
Among not specific symptoms may be observed – , .

Symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis

Frequent urge to urinate;
Pain during urination with a cutting sensation;
The urine is dark in color, often cloudy, sometimes mixed with blood, and may have a fishy odor.

In urine and blood tests, the inflammatory process may not make itself felt - only a certain number of leukocytes can be observed in the urine, and the period of remission, the indicators are mostly normal.

Complications of pyelonephritis

Among the complications of the disease are:

The main cause of pyelonephritis is infection in the kidneys, mainly E. coli (Escherichia coli), and others (Proteus, Clesibella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, mycotic microorganisms).

A secondary reason is a decrease in the reactivity of the immune system, due to which the body is not able to repel an attack pathogens, stopping the infection, preventing its settlement and further spread.

Demotion protective properties immunity is promoted by - a sedentary lifestyle, uncontrolled use of medications.

How does infection get to the kidneys?

The source of E. coli, which is responsible for the development of pyelonephritis in 90% of all cases, is the intestines. Other types of infection can occur through contact with dirty hands and personal hygiene items.

During emptying, from the anus, the infection often enters the urinary system - the urethra, which is due to their close location. It is because of this feature that pyelonephritis develops most often in women.

Pyelonephritis in children often develops due to a pathology such as vesiculourethral reflux (vesicoureteral reflux)

Vesiculourethral reflux is characterized by the reverse flow of urine from the bladder to the ureters and partially to the renal pelvis. If this pathology is not detected in time, frequent urine reflux and stagnation lead to the proliferation of pathological microorganisms throughout the urinary system, resulting in the development of an inflammatory process in the kidneys.

To others negative consequence Vesiculourethral reflux is a violation of the structure of the kidneys - the more often stagnation of urine occurs with an acute inflammatory process, the faster normal renal tissue is replaced by scars. As a result, the functioning of the kidneys is disrupted, and it becomes increasingly difficult for them to perform their function.

Doctors note the presence of vesicoureteral reflux in most children with diagnosed pyelonephritis, under 6 years of age. In addition, kidney disease in childhood often applies serious harm health for the rest of a person’s life - about 12% of all patients on hemodialysis in childhood suffered from pyelonephritis.

Another cause of pyelonephritis, but quite rare, is infection reaching the kidneys through the blood and lymphatic system from other organs and systems. This is facilitated by the presence of common infectious diseases, especially with complications.

Other causes of pyelonephritis (risk factors)

Urolithiasis, in which the normal flow of urine is disrupted, and accordingly it stagnates;
Kidney stone disease;
Previous surgical methods of treatment of the pelvic organs;
Damage spinal cord;
, AIDS;
Obstruction of the bladder due to the insertion of a catheter into it;
Increased sexual activity in women;
Other diseases and various pathologies urinary system – urethritis, neurogenic dysfunction bladder, uterine displacement, etc.

Pyelonephritis in pregnant women can develop due to pregnancy. This is due to the fact that sometimes during pregnancy the tone decreases and the peristalsis of the ureters decreases. The risk especially increases with a narrow pelvis, large fetus or polyhydramnios.

Types of pyelonephritis

The classification of pyelonephritis is as follows:

By occurrence:

Primary;
Secondary.

Along the route of infection:

Ascending - from the urethra to the kidneys, through the urinary canal;
Descending - through blood and lymph.

According to the patency of the urinary tract:

Obstructive;
Not obstructive.

By localization:

Unilateral;
Bilateral.

With the flow:

Acute pyelonephritis- can occur in the following type (form):

Serous;
Purulent;
- focal infiltrative;
— diffuse infiltrative;
- diffuse with abscesses;
with a mesenchymal reaction.

Chronic pyelonephritis- can be divided into the following forms:

By outcome:

Recovery;
Transition to chronic form;
Secondary kidney shrinkage;
Pyonephrosis.

Classification of chronic pyelonephritis taking into account the developments of V.V. Serova and T.N. Hansen:

— with minimal changes;
- interstitial-cellular, which can have the following forms:

infiltrative;
sclerosing.

— interstitial-vascular;
— interstitial-tubular;
- mixed form;
- sclerosing pyelonephritis with kidney shrinkage.

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis includes the following examination methods:

Pyelonephritis - treatment

How to treat pyelonephritis? Treatment of pyelonephritis includes the following points:

2. Drug treatment:
2.1. Antibacterial therapy;
2.2. Antifungal therapy;
2.3. Anti-inflammatory therapy;
2.4. Infusion-detoxification therapy;
2.5. Strengthening the immune system;
2.6. Normalization of beneficial intestinal microflora;
2.7. Other medicines.
3. Physiotherapy.
4. Diet.
5. Surgical treatment.

1. Bed rest, hospitalization.

In the first days of acute pyelonephritis, it is necessary to observe bed rest, and it is especially important to focus on frequently being in a horizontal position, i.e. lie.

Damp cold is very dangerous during this period, so try to stay warm to avoid complications and exacerbation of pyelonephritis.

If the patient's condition does not allow outpatient treatment and taking medications at home, the patient must be hospitalized.

2. Drug treatment (medicines for pyelonephritis)

Important! Before using medications, be sure to consult your doctor!

2.1. Antibiotics for pyelonephritis

Antibacterial therapy for pyelonephritis is an integral part of the general course of treatment, but only if the root cause of this disease is a bacterial infection.

Before obtaining data from bacteriological examination of urine, antibiotics are prescribed empirically, i.e. wide range actions. After receiving test data, therapy is adjusted - antibiotics are prescribed more specifically, depending on the type of pathogen. This point is important enough to prevent the body from developing resistance (resistance) to antibacterial drugs in the future.

Thus, at the beginning of antibacterial therapy against pyelonephritis, fluoroquinolones (“Ciprofloxacin”, “Ofloxacin”) or cephalosporins (“Cefepin”, “Cefixime”, “Cefotaxime”, “”) are usually prescribed.

Next, combinations of more narrowly targeted antibiotics are prescribed - fluoroquinolones + cephalosporins or penicillin + aminoglycosides. The second combination is used less frequently, since many people of our time have developed resistance (resistance) pathogenic microflora to penicillins.

To increase effectiveness, it is best to use antibacterial drugs intravenously. Also, intravenous infusion of these drugs is advisable if the patient has nausea and vomiting.

The course of antibiotic therapy lasts from 1 to 2 weeks, which largely depends on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. After the first course, the doctor may prescribe repeat course treatment, but in different ways antibacterial drugs.

The diagnosis “Healthy” is made if, within a year after treatment, bacteriological examination of urine does not show the presence of infection in the body.

2.2. Antifungal therapy

Antifungal therapy is prescribed if the cause of pyelonephritis is a fungal infection.

Among antifungal drugs(antimycotics) for pyelonephritis, the most popular are Amphotericin and Fluconazole.

2.3. Anti-inflammatory therapy

Elevated temperature with pyelonephritis is considered normal occurrence because it is a disease infectious nature, which is why the immune system increases the temperature to stop and destroy the infection.

If the temperature fluctuates around 37.5 °C, you should not take any action, but to ease the course of the disease, you can apply a compress (water at room temperature + vinegar) to the front of the head.

In case of a rapid increase in body temperature to high levels - up to 38.5 ° C and above (in children up to 38 ° C), then antipyretic drugs are prescribed NSAID groups(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) – “Diclofenac”, “Metamizole”, “”, “”. Children can take "".

It is also worth noting that taking NSAID medications also relieves pain due to pyelonephritis.

2.4. Infusion-detoxification therapy

Symptoms of intoxication, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, high body temperature, headache, lack of appetite, general weakness and malaise, are the most common companions of infectious diseases. This is primarily due to poisoning of the body not only by infectious agents, but also by waste products of pathological microorganisms, which are actually toxins (poison). In addition, the use of antibacterial or antifungal drugs destroys the infection, but does not remove it from the body.

To cleanse the body of toxins, infusion-detoxification therapy is used, which includes:

Drink plenty of fluids, preferably with added vitamin C, drinking mineral waters is especially beneficial;
Intravenous infusion of solutions of glucose, polysaccharides (“dextran”) and water-salt solutions;
The use of detoxification medications – “Atoxil”, “Albumin”.

2.5. Strengthening the immune system

The development of pyelonephritis, as we said, is caused not only by the infection itself, but also by weakened immunity, which is responsible for preventing the spread of infectious agents throughout the body.

To strengthen the immune system, immunomodulators are prescribed, among which are Imudon, IRS-19, and Timogen.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is considered a natural immune stimulant, large amounts of which can be found in cranberries, dogwoods, rowan berries, currants, etc.

2.6. Normalization of beneficial intestinal microflora

The disadvantage of antibacterial therapy is a number side effects, one of which is the destruction of beneficial intestinal microflora, which is involved in the digestion and absorption of food.

To restore the intestinal microflora, probiotics are prescribed - “Linex”, “Bifiform”, “Acipol”.

2.7. Other medicines and therapies

Treatment of pyelonephritis may additionally include the use of the following medications:

Anticoagulants - reduce blood clotting, preventing the formation of blood clots: Heparin, Hirudin, Dicoumarin;
Glucocorticoids (hormones) - used to reduce the inflammatory process: Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone.
Antioxidants - prescribed to normalize the condition of biological membranes, which has a beneficial effect on rapid recovery from diseases of the urinary system - β-carotene, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), selenium and other substances;
Oxidants - prescribed when signs of renal failure appear - cocarboxylase, pyridoxal phosphate;
Prescribed: beta-blockers (“Atenolol”) or diuretics (“Furosemide”);
Hemodialysis is prescribed if the kidneys cannot cope with their function;
To maintain the functioning of the kidney, functional-passive gymnastics are sometimes used for them - 20 ml of furosemide is prescribed 1-2 times a week;
Other medications for the treatment of pyelonephritis are “Canephron”, “Urolesan”, “Fitolysin”.

3. Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures (physiotherapy) for pyelonephritis help eliminate the inflammatory process, relieve pain syndrome, normalize the flow of urine, relax the muscles of the urinary tract, which generally leads to an improvement in the course of the disease and accelerated recovery. However, physiotherapy is not used in the following cases - the active phase of pyelonephritis, the terminal stage of the chronic form of the disease, polycystic kidney disease, and hydronephrosis in the stage of decompensation.

Physiotherapeutic procedures for pyelonephritis include:

Electrophoresis using antimicrobials(“Furadonin” and others);
Magnetotherapy;
Ultrasound therapy;
Ultrahigh frequency therapy;
Amplipulse therapy;
Laser therapy;
Therapeutic baths using carbon dioxide and sodium chloride.

The diet for pyelonephritis has the following goals:

Reducing the load on the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract;
Normalization metabolic processes in the patient's body;
Lowering the patient’s blood pressure to normal levels;
Relieving swelling;
Removing toxic substances from the body, in fact, this point duplicates the goal of detoxification therapy.

M.I. Pevzner developed a special therapeutic diet for treatment kidney diseases-, for nephritis -, which are often used in the treatment of pyelonephritis.

The daily calorie content of the diet is 2400-2700 kcal.

Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Cooking method: steaming, boiling, baking.

Other features are that the amount of protein is slightly reduced, and fats and carbohydrates are consumed as in normal health. The amount of salt should not exceed 6 g per day.

It is necessary to emphasize drinking plenty of fluids– at least 2-2.5 liters of water per day. The more you drink, the faster the infection and toxins are eliminated from the body.

When choosing food products, remember that alkalization of the body helps to more quickly destroy the infection, while acidity - favorable conditions for its reproduction.

What can you eat if you have pyelonephritis? Not fatty varieties meat and fish (chicken, beef, hake), soups (with vegetables, milk, cereals), cereals, pasta, dairy products, butter, olive and sunflower oil, zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, beets, cucumbers, parsley, dill, unsalted day-old bread, watermelon, melon, pastries, weak tea, rosehip infusion, cranberry and other fruit drinks, jelly, compote.
What should you not eat if you have pyelonephritis? Rich broths, fatty meats and fish (carp, crucian carp, bream, pork), seafood, smoked meats, pickles, sauerkraut, marinades, semi-finished products (sausages, sausages, caviar), spinach, sorrel, radishes, radishes, onions, mushrooms, legumes (peas, beans, beans, chickpeas), margarine, alcoholic drinks, carbonated drinks, coffee, strong tea, cocoa.

Confectionery and baked goods are limited. Eggs – no more than 1 per day.

4. Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is advisable in the following cases:

Obstruction of the urinary tract, in which percutaneous puncture nephrostomy is used;
If the outflow of urine from the affected kidney is impaired, ureteral catheterization is used;
At purulent formations in the kidneys, kidney decapsulation is performed;
In case of apostematous pyelonephritis, decapsulation of the kidney is performed with opening of the apostemata;
When it is opened and excised;
In case of an abscess, it is opened and the walls are excised;
For sepsis and increasing renal failure, nephrectomy (kidney removal) is used.

Important! Before using folk remedies against pyelonephritis, be sure to consult your doctor!

Bearberry. Eating bearberry relieves inflammation, normalizes kidney function, improves urination, inhibits the activity of bacterial microflora and removes toxins from the body. Exacerbation of pyelonephritis and others, as well as pregnancy, are a contraindication to taking products with bearberry.

To prepare the product you need 1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of dry raw material into a glass of water and set aside overnight to infuse. In the morning, filter the infusion and drink 1-2 tbsp. spoons 3 times a day, before meals. The course of treatment is from 1 to several months.

Harlay (spreading cornflower, prostrate cornflower). Harlay herb helps relieve pain from pyelonephritis, as well as accelerate the recovery of the kidneys and other organs of the urinary system.

To prepare a healing remedy, you need to pour a pinch of chopped herbs into a small saucepan/scoop and fill it with a glass of water. Then, over low heat, bring the product to a boil, boil it for another 2-3 minutes, remove from heat, cover with a lid and set aside to cool and infuse for 30 minutes. Next, strain the product and drink 3 times, 10 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is a month, after which a month-long break is taken and the course is repeated. The chronic form of the disease may require taking this remedy for a year or two.

Cranberry. Cranberry juice is very useful, which not only improves the general condition of the body due to the ascorbic acid and other vitamins, but also helps restore the functioning of the immune system with other systems. To prepare cranberry juice, you need to squeeze the juice out of a glass of cranberries and pour it into another container. Pour 500 ml of boiling water over the remaining cake, place on the stove and boil for 5 minutes, cool. Next, you need to mix the boiled cake with pre-squeezed juice and drink 1 glass of fruit drink a day.

Kidney pyelonephritis (from Latin Pyelonephritis) is a fairly common infectious-inflammatory disease that affects the renal pelvis and its own tissue.

This pathology very often develops against the background of concomitant kidney diseases, for example, such as urolithiasis disease or glomerulonephritis. Today it is customary to distinguish chronic, acute and purulent forms of pyelonephritis.

If we talk about the frequency of occurrence of this disease, it should be noted that among the adult population it is approximately 10 out of 1000 people, and among children - 10 out of 2000. Most of The patients belong to the middle age group – from 26 to 44 years. An interesting fact is that more than 70% of all patients are young women who fall ill shortly after the first sexual intercourse. Among childhood diseases, kidney inflammation reliably holds 2nd position right after various respiratory diseases(bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.).

Causes of pyelonephritis

To date, no one has yet been able to identify the specific causative agent of pyelonephritis. Therefore, it is believed that the cause of the development of the disease can be both endogenous (own) microorganisms of a person, and exogenous (penetrated from the outside). In the vast majority of cases, these are all kinds of cocci or E. coli. Approximately 20% are mixed infections.

The following ways of penetration of infectious agents into the kidney are distinguished:

Urogenic (through contaminated urine);
Lymphogenic (through lymph, which comes from nearby affected organs);
Hematogenous (together with blood).

Factors contributing to the development of pyelonephritis:

Are common. These include:
- Chronic stress;
- Weakness;
- Lack of vitamins;
- Chronic fatigue;
- Decreased immune activity, etc.;
Local. Typically they include pathological conditions, in which there is some obstacle to the normal passage of urine.

Depending on the nature of the course, the following forms of pyelonephritis are distinguished:

Chronic;
Acute;
Purulent.

Chronic form of pyelonephritis

It is characterized by a sluggish course and periodic relapses in the form of acute pyelonephritis. As a result, there is a gradual replacement of normal renal tissue with connective (or non-functional) tissue. It is often complicated by the addition of renal failure and/or arterial hypertension.

Acute pyelonephritis

It appears suddenly and develops quickly. Depending on the pathogen, this form can last up to 20 days. However, with timely treatment, the prognosis is almost always positive.

Purulent pyelonephritis

In most cases, it develops against the background of chronic pyelonephritis and multiple problems with the genitourinary system. This pathology mainly affects people over 30 years of age who neglect treatment at the onset of the disease. As a rule, purulent pyelonephritis affects the area adjacent to the kidney adipose tissue(a kind of protective capsule).

Symptoms of pyelonephritis

Symptoms and treatment of pyelonephritis are closely interrelated, so it is extremely important to know fundamental differences V clinical manifestations various forms of the disease.

Acute form

Changes in urine: a cloudy or slightly reddish tint is possible, a pungent and fetid odor can be felt even from a distance;
Dull and sometimes sharp pain in the joints and/or lower back. They often radiate to the groin. Patients note increased pain when bending forward;
Constant nausea with bouts of vomiting;
Sudden rise in temperature against the background of complete well-being, chills;
Gradually worsening headache;
Decreased appetite, general weakness.

Chronic form

Very often it is asymptomatic, which significantly complicates it early diagnosis. Relapses are periodically observed, which in their manifestations are very similar to acute pyelonephritis.

Damaged kidney

The following types of chronic pyelonephritis are distinguished:

Hidden (or asymptomatic). Rare increases in temperature are observed, which, however, can last for quite a long time. They occur mainly after suffering an acute form of this disease;
Recurrent. Noted general symptoms in the form of weakness low-grade fever, dizziness, etc., as well as specific changes in urine. This course often leads to the development of renal failure, hypertension and even anemia.

Features of this pathology in children

Extremely unpleasant and quite difficult childhood disease kidney – pyelonephritis. Its distinctive feature in this age category is that it causes severe consequences in the child. One of the most dangerous complications is considered renal failure, which in 60% of cases leads to disability of the child.

Unfortunately, the incidence of morbidity among young and middle-aged children has recently increased significantly. Moreover, newborn boys are more likely to get sick. However, already at the age of 5-6 years, pyelonephritis predominantly affects girls, which is probably due to the characteristics of their genitourinary system.

Attention! In no case should we forget that pyelonephritis in children is often asymptomatic. You can notice the approach of the disease only by the following signs:

Unexplained increased frequency of urination;

Paleness of the skin;

Frequent mood changes;

Unreasonable fatigue of the child.

Despite all the warnings of doctors, parents often neglect the above symptoms, which often leads to very unpleasant consequences. Currently, childhood pyelonephritis is most often detected during a routine examination.

Pyelonephritis during pregnancy

Gynecologists note an increase in cases of pyelonephritis in pregnant women around 22-25 weeks. It is during this period that the immune system weakens, and the woman becomes an easy target for all kinds of infections.

The course of pyelonephritis during pregnancy has practically no features. Only sometimes pain when urinating is added to the usual symptoms. If treatment is started on time, then there is no threat to the health of the baby or mother. The prognosis is good in 95% of cases.

Diagnostics

The main thing you need to know to cure pyelonephritis is the cause of its occurrence and the nature of its course. This is precisely why all diagnostic measures are needed, which are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician.

Acute pyelonephritis

In this situation, a very important point is the patient’s complaints (low back pain, high temperature, chills and urinary disorders).

In addition, there is general analysis urine, which usually contains a huge number of pathogenic bacteria and leukocytes, and sometimes red blood cells.

A urine test according to Nechiporenko is mandatory, which usually reveals a significant increase in the number of leukocytes.

Often this data is enough for the doctor to make a diagnosis, but sometimes there is a need for additional methods diagnostics, such as ultrasound, x-ray examination and chromocystoscopy.

Chronic pyelonephritis

Diagnosis of this form is quite difficult, since a person very often simply does not notice the symptoms and, accordingly, does not make any complaints. In such a situation, everything depends on the doctor, or rather on his qualifications and experience. After all, only correctly selected questions can clarify the picture of the disease.

However, sometimes it is possible to identify chronic pyelonephritis only with the help of laboratory tests or when the first symptoms of renal failure appear.

Doctors recommend! In order to avoid severe consequences, which chronic pyelonephritis often leads to, you need to monitor your health. To do this, you need to systematically visit your doctor and, following his instructions, undergo certain diagnostic and preventive procedures.

In general, to identify chronic pyelonephritis, the following diagnostic methods are used:

Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko and Zemnitsky test;
X-ray examination using a contrast agent;
CT scan;
Renography and scintigraphy;
Immunological research;
Kidney biopsy.

Treatment of pyelonephritis

Treatment of this pathology consists of several separate stages:

Strict diet;
Use of drug therapy;
Surgery.

Diet

This is a fairly important point in the treatment of pyelonephritis, on which the success of treatment as a whole largely depends.

First, you need to increase the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables you eat. Secondly, you should drink more than 3 liters of water daily. And thirdly, you should exclude spicy, fried and excessively fatty foods from your diet.

If we're talking about exclusively about the chronic form, here the recommendations are slightly different:

The amount of liquid is more than 2 liters per day;
Daily intake of multivitamin complexes;
Limited consumption of meat and fish broths. It is not recommended to add seasonings to food. You can only eat well-cooked meat;
The daily maximum salt is 7-8 grams.

Drug therapy

Antibacterial drugs are the basis for pyelonephritis. They are taken in courses lasting at least 7 days. In case of complicated course – no less than a month. Drug therapy in chronic and acute forms there is practically no difference.

Remember! Directions for use and dosage necessary medications should only be prescribed by a doctor. In this situation, self-medication is unacceptable. It can cause a significant deterioration in the patient’s condition, even death.

Surgical treatment of pyelonephritis

In those situations where conservative methods treatment with antibiotics and other medicines don't bring desired result and the patient's condition continues to deteriorate, surgical intervention is indicated.

Operations are carried out mainly when purulent form(carbuncles, kidney apostemes). Moreover, the degree surgical intervention determined directly during surgery. This depends not only on the extent of the lesion, but also on the pathogenesis of the disease.

primary goal surgery– preventing the development of a purulent-inflammatory process in the damaged kidney and preventing the occurrence of a similar situation in a healthy kidney. If the patient has a disturbance in the normal outflow of urine, this is also eliminated during the operation.

Prevention

Prevention of pyelonephritis is quite simple, but requires a certain amount of care, especially if it is carried out among children. To do this you need:

Drink enough fluid per day (1.5-3 l). This will ensure normal urine flow;
Do not hold urination for a long time;
Timely and completely treat all infectious diseases;
Avoid prolonged hypothermia;
Observe basic rules of personal hygiene;
Adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes:
- Courses of restorative therapy;
- Moderate physical activity;
- Balanced diet;
- Periodic intake of multivitamins;
See a urologist regularly. This is especially true for men who have a predisposition to prostatitis;
Periodically submit your urine for analysis.

Kidney pyelonephritis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in acute or chronic form. An infectious and inflammatory process develops in the kidney parenchyma and the pyelocaliceal system.

What is kidney inflammation, what gives impetus to the inflammatory process? Everything about organ inflammation and treatment options in each specific case can be learned with the help of diagnostics and medical specialists.

Symptoms

People with weakened immune systems are most susceptible to disease.

How does the disease manifest itself? Symptoms of pyelonephritis and patient complaints vary and depend on the person’s age.

Symptoms of sluggish latent period The disease is an inflammatory process. Signs of pyelonephritis in adults are divided into local and general. At the first signs you should seek medical help.

Pathology can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

Malaise;
Fever, increased body temperature to 39;
The appearance of nausea and vomiting;
Pain in the lumbar region, radiating to the iliac fossa or suprapubic region;
Confusion;
Frequent, painful urination;
Blood in the urine;
Cloudy urine with a pungent odor.

Urinary dysfunction discomfort When urinating, frequent lower back pain can be a serious sign of illness.

The disease is often accompanied by diuretic disorders. Night diuresis prevails over daytime.
Acute form kidney inflammation manifests itself:

High fever, chills;
Heavy sweating;
Pain from the diseased organ;
On days 3-5, upon palpation, you can notice that the affected kidney is enlarged;
The appearance of pus in the urine on the third day;
Headache, joint pain.

Symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis are not clearly visible. Among the characteristic signs in this case are:

Frequent urination;
Unpleasant urine odor;
Constant aching pain in the lumbar region.

At late stages Kidney disease manifests itself:

Dry mouth;
Heartburn;
Belching;
Swelling of the face.

Nausea, severe pain, swelling of the face and legs, blood pressure above normal - all this can be serious signs launched chronic process.

Pyelonephritis in children and infants is often confused with ARVI or a cold, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. The sooner the symptoms appear, an examination is carried out and treatment is prescribed, the sooner the problem can be solved.

The identified symptoms and diagnostic results determine the treatment of the disease.

Causes

What causes pyelonephritis? The source of the disease is most often an infection caused by microorganisms. The classification is based on the pathogenesis of the disease.

The main causes of pyelonephritis are well known. The etiology of pyelonephritis and pathogenesis are associated with the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms along with the bloodstream into vascular system renal glomeruli. The main causative agent is Escherichia coli, as well as staphylococcus, streptococcus and enterococcus. The etiological factor causing the chronic process is microbial flora.

The development of pathology occurs when:

System anomalies;
Chronic kidney disease;
Presence of stones in the organ;
Exacerbations during pregnancy;
Adenoma or prostate cancer in men;
Diabetes mellitus of the first or second type;
Gout;
Severe hypothermia of organs;
Long-term use of antibiotics;
Protracted infectious diseases of other organ systems.

The exact causes of the disease are determined by a nephrologist.

The most significant risk factors for pyelonephritis are reflux at various levels.

The psychosomatics of kidney diseases has also been studied quite well. It is important to understand why the inflammatory process in the kidneys can be dangerous. Each new exacerbation of pyelonephritis involves more and more new areas of kidney tissue in the inflammatory process.

Classification

The most common renal pathologies are urolithiasis, nephropathies, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis.

There is no unified classification of such processes. Most criteria describe the types of pyelonephritis and the nature of the inflammatory process. The most common is the classification according to N. A. Lopatkin.

Hematogenous. The infection is carried by blood to the kidneys from other organs;
Urogenic or ascending. The penetration of bacteria into the kidney tissue occurs from the urinary tract.

According to the nature of the disease, pyelonephritis is classified into acute and chronic. The acute form has a short period with pronounced symptoms and requires hospitalization. More often, patients are diagnosed with a right-sided acute inflammatory process than a unilateral left one. Acute period always begins with serous inflammation. The acute serous period is the initial stage of the disease.

The chronic form can last a long time. There is a classification of chronic pyelonephritis according to the activity of the inflammatory process in the kidney.

About 1% of people with kidney infections xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis develops - this is a rare aggressive lesion of the reticular connective tissue with destruction of the parenchyma, which occurs as a result of chronic inflammation.

A rare form of acute purulent disease kidney - emphysematous pyelonephritis - severe, life-threatening a disease characterized by the presence of renal parenchymal and perirenal infection caused by gas-forming microorganisms.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics acute inflammation kidney problems usually do not cause problems. The symptoms of this disease are well known. The results of blood and urine tests in this case are abnormal. Multiple white blood cells usually appear as a sign of an inflammatory process.

Diagnosis of urinary system diseases includes:

Complete blood test;
General urine analysis;
Blood chemistry;
Bacterial culture of urine.

First of all, the color of the urine is assessed. The smell of urine is of particular importance. Bacteriological tests of urine identify the causative agent of the disease.

To determine a more accurate cause of the disease, the following procedures are performed:

Ultrasonography;
X-ray (without contrast or contrast urography);
CT and MRI.

Differential diagnosis of acute and chronic pathology carried out with several diseases. There is a special table that presents the distinctive features of each pathology.

The diagnosis will determine which doctor treats this disease and what appropriate treatment will be prescribed by the specialist.

Special forms of diagnostics corresponding to different types pyelonephritis does not exist. Even xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis can be recognized and detected using ultrasound. Emphysematous is diagnosed based on data x-ray examination urinary tract and bacteriological examination of urine.

The results of the examination will enable the doctor to diagnose correct diagnosis.

Treatment

The clinical picture of pyelonephritis can vary from latent, erased, asymptomatic forms to manifest forms, including urosepsis.

An attack of renal colic can begin suddenly. Inflammation of the kidneys may be accompanied by microhematuria or hematuria, which is defined as blood in the urine.

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis is carried out with antibiotics. Antibacterial therapy treatment is prescribed only by a doctor. Treatment is started with antibiotics and chemical antibacterial drugs, which must be prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of the urine microflora. Often in such cases Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, Suprax, Tsiprolet are used. Flemoxin Solutab is used to treat children and pregnant women.

IN difficult cases use the drug Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone. Analgesics - painkillers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic medications - help relieve symptoms. Norbactin is considered the most effective medicine for cystitis and pyelonephritis.

The standard of treatment and how many days sick leave lasts for pyelonephritis are known. A certificate of incapacity for work is issued to the patient for the time he is in the hospital - from 5 to 10 days.

How to cure chronic pyelonephritis

The disease must be treated comprehensively. The choice of treatment will depend on the stage, form and severity of the pathology. Manifestation syndromes are carefully studied.

Treatment of a chronic process in both the right and left kidneys takes quite a long time. For this purpose, various anti-infective drugs are used - uroantiseptics. One of the most commonly used uroseptics is Nitroxoline. The cleansing function of the kidneys is activated by the drug Fitolysin.

To treat this disease, you can and should use folk remedies. Herbs significantly help in the therapy process, providing anti-inflammatory, uroseptic, and diuretic effects. The most popular remedies for inflammation in the kidneys are lingonberry leaves and berries, birch leaves and buds, cornflower, and bearberry. Rosehip is used to strengthen the immune system.

Homeopathy improves all kidney functions.

During the recovery period and to prevent the disease, procedures are prescribed by a physiotherapist to increase the body's defenses. Physiotherapy and immunostimulation are carried out. Rehabilitation for pyelonephritis, restoration of the body and treatment chronic disease can happen at home.

Xanthogranulomatous

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most often treated only with surgery. Another disease associated with kidney inflammation is glamic nephritis, which, despite the seriousness of the disease, is usually treated with supportive care. The difference between glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis is that the pathological phenomena gradually spread and affect the calyces and pelvis of the kidneys.

Spicy

Treatment for acute kidney pyelonephritis takes place mainly in a hospital. This is dictated by the need for constant monitoring of the patient, monitoring his condition, taking multiple tests and monitoring the dynamics of the disease. This difficult work is performed by nurses.

To begin the nursing process of caring for a patient, it is necessary to ask the patient or his relatives about the problem, medical history, past illnesses, and conduct an objective study - this will allow nurse assess the patient's physical and mental condition.

Literate nursing care– a great help for the patient and speeding up the healing process. Nursing process includes the execution of certain actions:

Follow the instructions of the attending physician;
Collect patient tests in a timely manner;
Monitor the patient’s compliance with the diet prescribed by the doctor;
Maintain thermal conditions in the ward;
Monitor compliance with bed rest;
Provide emotional support to the patient;
Monitor the patient’s condition and, if necessary, provide first aid;
Promptly notify the doctor about the patient's condition.

There is no clear answer to the question whether chronic pyelonephritis can be completely cured. Which doctor treats this disease?

How to treat pyelonephritis in each specific case can be found out at an appointment with a doctor, after carrying out the appropriate diagnosis. Kidney disease in men and women is treated by a nephrologist, urologist, a therapist is also directly involved in this process, and in children - by a pediatrician.

Louise Hay explains kidney disease in the field of psychosomatics. For treatment renal pathologies It is recommended to pay attention to this point of view.

Is pyelonephritis congenital?

The structural features of the genitourinary system in a newborn can be provocateurs of pyelonephritis.

Dr. Komarovsky warns that pyelonephritis in newborns and infants up to a year is dangerous for complications, so diagnosis and treatment should be carried out as quickly as possible.

Are the concepts compatible: pyelonephritis and the army? Do people with chronic pyelonephritis join the army? It all depends on the course of the disease. Even a doctor’s conclusion about the presence of such a diagnosis does not guarantee exemption from military service. A decision on the eligibility of a conscript will be made in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the Schedule of Sicknesses.

An important point in the treatment of kidney inflammation is diet. If the disease is only in the initial stage, to treat it, you can try a decoction of oats in combination with the diet prescribed by the doctor. Oats can also be brewed to prevent disease. Oat infusions The body's immunity is also strengthened. In order to avoid the onset of the disease, prevent progression and speed up treatment, doctors usually prescribe massage for pyelonephritis and exercise therapy.

Is it possible to go to the bathhouse with pyelonephritis to improve the health of the body?

But bathhouses and saunas are not always indicated in such a situation. You should consult your doctor on this issue.

It is possible to get rid of the inflammatory process in the kidneys with timely examination and treatment, as well as following an appropriate diet and a healthy lifestyle. Complications in this case can lead to serious consequences. One of these complications, although quite rare, is xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. As a result of complications, hypertension and diseases of other organs and systems may appear.

Diet

What can you eat if you have pyelonephritis? The acute period of the disease, chronic, xanthogranulomatous and emphysematous pyelonephritis require a special diet.

At inflammatory disease kidneys, you need to drink plenty of fluids. Mineral water, which must be drunk according to a certain scheme, must be present in the diet. You need to eat right, lead healthy image life. The diet is usually agreed upon with the attending physician, but, as a rule, fatty, spicy, fried foods. Salt consumption should be kept to a minimum.

Diet for pyelonephritis is an important direction in the treatment of the disease, as it helps reduce the load on the affected kidneys and replenish the body important vitamins and minerals, which is a necessary measure in the process of increasing immunity.

Complications

Frequent exacerbations of the disease do not pass without leaving a trace, and the disease recurs again and again, turning into chronic phase, provokes complications.

In the absence of timely treatment for pyelonephritis, the disease can lead to serious complications.

Destruction caused by inflammation renal tissue can not only worsen the functioning of the organ, but also make it absolutely impossible. Serious consequences of pyelonephritis are xanthogranulomatous, emphysematous pyelonephritis and renal failure. Complications affect all organs and systems of the body.