Mumps (mumps)

What is Mumps (Mumps) -

Parotitis(synonyms: mumps, behind the ear; mumps - English; Mumps - German; parotidite epidemique - French) - acute viral disease caused by paramyxovirus and is characterized by fever, general intoxication, an increase in one or more salivary glands, often affecting other organs and the central nervous system.

The disease was first described by Hippocrates and identified by him as an independent nosological form. Frequent lesions of the central nervous system and orchitis in mumps were noted by Hamilton (1790).

The mumps virus was first isolated from the blood of a patient by L. Kilham (1949), and from testicular tissue during biopsy by B. Bjorvat (1973). Fundamental research in the field of this disease was carried out by domestic scientists I.V. Troitsky, N.F. Filatov, A.D. Romanov, A.A. Smorodintsev, A.K. Shubladze et al.

What provokes / Causes of Mumps (mumps):

The causative agent of mumps belongs to the paramyxoviruses (family Paramyxoviridae, genus Paramyxovirus). The causative agent of mumps was first isolated and studied in 1934 by E. Goodpasture and K. Johnson.

Virions are polymorphic, round virions have a diameter of 120-300 nm. The virus contains RNA and has hemagglutinating, neuraminidase and hemolytic activity. The virus agglutinates red blood cells of chickens, ducks, guinea pigs, dogs, etc. In laboratory conditions, the virus is cultivated on 7-8-day chicken embryos and cell cultures. Primary trypsinized kidney cell cultures from guinea pigs, monkeys, and monkeys are sensitive to the virus. Syrian hamster, chicken embryo fibroblasts. Laboratory animals are insensitive to the mumps virus; only monkeys can reproduce a disease similar to human mumps. The virus is unstable, inactivated by heat, ultraviolet irradiation, contact with fat solvents, 2% formalin solution, 1% Lysol solution. The attenuated strain of the virus (L-3) is used as a live vaccine. The antigenic structure of the virus is stable. It contains antigens that can cause the formation of neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies, as well as an allergen that can be used to perform an intradermal test.

Source of infection is only a person (patients with manifest and inapparent forms of mumps). The patient becomes infectious 1-2 days before the onset of clinical symptoms and in the first 5 days of illness. After the symptoms of the disease disappear, the patient is not contagious. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, although the possibility of transmission through contaminated objects (for example, toys) cannot be completely ruled out.

Susceptibility to infection high. Children get sick more often. Males suffer from mumps 1.5 times more often than women. The incidence is characterized by pronounced seasonality (seasonality index 10). The maximum incidence occurs in March-April, the minimum in August-September. After 1-2 years, periodic increases in incidence are observed. It occurs in the form of sporadic diseases and epidemic outbreaks. In children's institutions, outbreaks last from 70 to 100 days, producing separate waves (4-5) with intervals between them equal to the incubation period. In 80-90% of the adult population, anti-mumps antibodies can be detected in the blood, which indicates the widespread distribution of this infection (in 25% of those infected, the infection proceeds inappropriately). After the introduction of immunization with live vaccine, the incidence of mumps decreased significantly.

Pathogenesis (what happens?) during Mumps (mumps):

The gateway to infection is the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract(possibly tonsils). The pathogen penetrates the salivary glands not through the parotid (stenon) duct, but through the hematogenous route. Viremia is an important part of the pathogenesis of mumps, which is proven by the possibility of isolating the virus from the blood already in the early stages of the disease. The virus spreads throughout the body and finds favorable conditions for reproduction (reproduction) in the glandular organs, as well as in the nervous system. Damage to the nervous system and other glandular organs can occur not only after damage to the salivary glands, but also simultaneously, earlier, and even without affecting them (very rarely). It was possible to isolate the mumps virus not only from the blood and salivary glands, but also from testicular tissue, from the pancreas, and from the milk of a woman with mumps. Depending on the location of the pathogen and the severity of changes in a particular organ, the clinical manifestations of the disease can be very diverse. With mumps, the body produces specific antibodies(neutralizing, complement-fixing, etc.), detected over several years, and an allergic restructuring of the body develops, which persists for a very long time (possibly throughout life).

It has been established that immune mechanisms play a certain role in lesions of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and pancreas: a decrease in the number of T cells, a weak primary immune response with a low titer of IgM, a decrease in the content of IgA and IgG.

In the mechanisms of virus neutralization, a significant role is played by virucidal antibodies, which suppress the activity of the virus and its penetration into cells.

Symptoms of Mumps (Mumps):

Incubation period lasts from 11 to 23 days (usually 15-19 days). In some patients, 1-2 days before the development of the typical picture of the disease, prodromal phenomena manifested by chilling, headache, pain in muscles and joints, dry mouth, discomfort in the area of ​​the parotid salivary glands.

More often, the disease begins acutely with chills and an increase in body temperature from low-grade to high; fever persists for no more than 1 week. However, there are frequent cases of the disease occurring with normal temperature bodies. Fever is accompanied by headache, general weakness, malaise, and insomnia. The main manifestation of mumps is inflammation of the parotid, and possibly also the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. In the projection of these glands, a swelling appears, painful on palpation (more in the center), having a dough-like consistency. With a pronounced increase in the parotid salivary gland the patient's face takes on a pear-shaped shape, the earlobe on the affected side rises. The skin in the area of ​​swelling is stretched, shiny, difficult to fold, and its color is usually unchanged. More often the process is bilateral, involving the parotid gland on the opposite side after 1-2 days, but unilateral lesions are also possible. The patient is bothered by a feeling of tension and pain in the parotid region, especially at night; when compressed by a tumor eustachian tube There may be noise and pain in the ears. When pressing behind the earlobe, severe pain appears (Filatov's symptom). This symptom is the most important and early sign mumps. The mucous membrane around the opening of the Stenon's duct is hyperemic and edematous (Mursu's symptom); Hyperemia of the pharynx is often noted. In some cases, the patient cannot chew food due to pain, and in even more severe cases functional trismus of the masticatory muscles develops. Decreased salivation, dry mouth, and decreased hearing are possible. The pain continues for 3-4 days, sometimes radiating to the ear or neck, and gradually subsides by the end of the week. Around this time or a few days later, swelling in the projection of the salivary glands disappears. With mumps, regional lymphadenopathy is usually not noted.

In adults, the prodromal period is observed more often and is characterized by more pronounced clinical manifestations. In addition to general toxicity, catarrhal and dyspeptic symptoms are possible during this period. The acute phase of the disease is usually more severe. Much more often than in children, lesions (possibly isolated) of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are observed. With submaxillitis, the salivary gland has a pasty consistency and is slightly painful, elongated along the way lower jaw, which is recognized by tilting the head back and to the side. Edema subcutaneous tissue around the gland sometimes extends to the neck. Sublinguitis is manifested by swelling in the chin area of ​​the same nature, pain under the tongue, especially when protruding it, local hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane. Swelling in the projection of the salivary glands in adults persists longer (2 weeks or more).

Mumps can occur in various clinical forms, which is especially important when diagnosing of this disease. There is no generally accepted classification of clinical forms of mumps. A number of authors (S. D. Nosov, N. I. Nisevich, etc.) proposed classifications of the disease, but they had significant shortcomings and were not widely accepted practical application. The classification of V.N. Remorov was more successful.

Classification of clinical forms of mumps.
A. Manifest forms:
1. Uncomplicated: damage to only the salivary glands, one or more.
2. Complicated: damage to the salivary glands and other organs (meningitis, meningoencephalitis, pancreatitis, orchitis, mastitis, myocarditis, arthritis, nephritis).
According to severity:
- lungs (including erased and atypical);
- medium-heavy;
- heavy.
B. Inapparent form of infection.
B. Residual phenomena of mumps:
- testicular atrophy;
- infertility;
- diabetes;
- deafness;
- dysfunction of the central nervous system.

In the classification of manifest forms of mumps, two criteria are used: the presence or absence of complications and the severity of the disease. Next, the possibility of an inapparent (asymptomatic) course of infection is indicated and, for the first time, residual phenomena are identified in the classification, which persist for a long time (usually lifelong) after the elimination of the mumps virus from the patient’s body. The need for this section is determined by the severity of the consequences of mumps (infertility, deafness, etc.), which practitioners often forget about.

Uncomplicated forms include those cases of the disease when only the salivary glands (one or more) are affected. In complicated forms, damage to the salivary glands is also an obligatory component. clinical picture, but, in addition, damage to other organs develops, most often the glands (genital, pancreas, mammary, etc.), as well as the nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome), myocardium, joints, kidneys.

Criteria for the severity of mumps are associated with the severity of fever, signs of intoxication, as well as the presence or absence of complications. Uncomplicated mumps is usually mild, less common moderate severity, and in severe forms there are always complications (often multiple).

TO light forms mumps include diseases that occur with low-grade fever body, with absent or weak pronounced signs intoxication, without complications.

Moderate forms mumps are characterized by febrile temperature (38-39.9°C), prolonged fever and severe symptoms of general intoxication (chills, headache, arthralgia and myalgia), significant enlargement of the salivary glands, more often - bilateral parotitis, and the presence of complications.

Severe forms mumps are characterized by high body temperature (40°C and above), a prolonged increase (up to 2 weeks or more), pronounced signs of general intoxication: asthenia, severe weakness, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, sleep disturbance, anorexia, etc. Mumps almost always bilateral, complications are usually multiple. Toxicosis and fever occur in the form of waves, each new wave is associated with the appearance of another complication. Sometimes a severe course is not observed from the first days of the disease.

Complications of mumps. With mumps, complications most often manifest themselves in damage to the glandular organs and the central nervous system. In children with diseases, one of the common complications is serous meningitis. The incidence of this complication exceeds 10%. Mumps meningitis accounts for about 80% of all serous meningitis in children. Meningitis develops 3 times more often in men than in women. As a rule, symptoms of damage to the nervous system appear after inflammation of the salivary glands, but simultaneous damage to the salivary glands and nervous system is also possible (in 25-30%). In 10% of patients, meningitis develops before inflammation of the salivary glands, and in some patients with mumps, meningeal symptoms are not accompanied by pronounced changes in the salivary glands (probably, by the time meningitis develops, mild changes in the salivary glands have already passed). Meningitis begins acutely, often violently (usually on the 4th-7th day of illness): chills appear, body temperature rises again (up to 39°C and above), severe headache, vomiting, and severe headache soon develops. meningeal syndrome(stiff neck, Kernig, Brudzinski symptoms). The cerebrospinal fluid is transparent, flows out under pressure, the protein content increases to 2.5 g/l, cytosis up to 1000 in 1 μl, the content of chlorides and sugar is usually not changed, sometimes a fibrin film may fall out. Symptoms of meningitis and fever disappear after 10-12 days, sanitation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs slowly (up to 1.5-2 months).

In some patients, in addition to meningeal symptoms, signs of encephalitis (meningoencephalitis) or encephalomyelitis develop. Patients experience impaired consciousness, lethargy, drowsiness, uneven tendon and periosteal reflexes, paresis facial nerve, sluggish pupillary reflexes, pyramidal signs, hemiparesis.

Orchitis are more often observed in adults. Their frequency depends on the severity of the disease (in moderate and severe forms of orchitis occurs in approximately half of the patients). Signs of orchitis are observed on the 5-7th day from the onset of the disease and are characterized by a new wave of fever (up to 39-40 ° C), the appearance of severe pain in the scrotum and testicle, sometimes radiating to the lower abdomen. The testicle enlarges, reaching a size goose egg. Fever lasts 3-7 days, testicular enlargement lasts 5-8 days. Then the pain goes away, and the testicle gradually decreases in size. Later (after 1-2 months), signs of testicular atrophy may appear, which are observed in 50% of patients who have had orchitis (if corticosteroids were not prescribed at the beginning of the development of the complication). In mumps orchitis, a rare complication was observed pulmonary infarction, as a consequence of thrombosis of the veins of the prostate and pelvic organs. An even rarer, but extremely unpleasant complication of mumps orchitis is priapism (prolonged painful erection of the penis with filling with blood cavernous bodies, not associated with sexual arousal).

Acute pancreatitis develops on the 4-7th day of illness. Appear sharp pains in the epigastric region, nausea, repeated vomiting, fever; upon examination, some patients experience abdominal muscle tension and symptoms of peritoneal irritation. An increase in urine amylase activity is characteristic, which persists for up to a month, while other symptoms of pancreatitis are observed within 7-10 days.

Damage to the hearing organ sometimes leads to complete deafness. The first sign is the appearance of noise and ringing in the ears. Labyrinthitis is indicated by dizziness, vomiting, and lack of coordination of movements. Typically, deafness is one-sided (on the side of the salivary gland affected). During the period of convalescence, hearing is not restored.

Arthritis develop in approximately 0.5% of cases, more often in adults, and in men more often than in women. They are observed for the first time 1-2 weeks after damage to the salivary glands, although they may appear before the glands change. Large joints (wrist, elbow, shoulder, knee and ankle) are most often affected. The joints become swollen, painful, and serous effusion may appear in them. The duration of arthritis is usually 1-2 weeks; in some patients, symptoms of arthritis persist for up to 1-3 months.

It has now been established that the mumps virus in pregnant women can cause damage to the fetus. In particular, children experience a peculiar change in the heart - the so-called primary myocardial fibroelastosis.

Other complications(prostatitis, oophoritis, mastitis, thyroiditis, bartonylitis, nephritis, myocarditis, thrombocytopenic purpura) are observed rarely.

Diagnosis of mumps (mumps):

In typical cases, recognizing mumps is not difficult. Damage to the parotid salivary glands in other infectious diseases is secondary and has the character of a purulent lesion. Other diseases of the glands (recurrent allergic parotitis, Mikulicz's disease, stones of the ducts of the salivary glands, neoplasms) are characterized by the absence of fever and a long course. Greatest danger represent cases when the doctor mistakes toxic swelling of the cervical tissue for mumps in toxic or subtoxic diphtheria of the pharynx. However, a careful examination of the patient, in particular pharyngoscopy, makes it possible to easily differentiate these diseases.

The differential diagnosis of complicated forms of mumps presents great difficulties, especially if the damage to the salivary glands is not pronounced or is absent.

Mumps serous meningitis should be differentiated from serous meningitis of other etiologies, primarily from tuberculosis and enterovirus. A thorough examination of the salivary glands and other glandular organs (urine amylase test), contact with a patient with mumps, and absence of mumps in the past helps in diagnosis. Tuberculous meningitis is characterized by the presence of prodromal phenomena, a relatively gradual onset and a progressive increase in neurological symptoms. Enteroviral meningitis occurs in late summer or early autumn, when the incidence of mumps is sharply reduced.

Acute pancreatitis must be differentiated from acute surgical diseases abdominal cavity (acute cholecystitis, appendicitis, etc.). Orchitis is differentiated from tuberculous, brucellosis, gonorrheal and traumatic orchitis.

From laboratory methods confirming the diagnosis The most evidence is the isolation of the mumps virus from the blood, pharyngeal swabs, secretions of the parotid salivary gland, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Immunofluorescent methods make it possible to detect viruses on cell culture within 2-3 days (with the standard research method - only after 6 days). The immunofluorescence method allows you to detect the viral antigen directly in the cells of the nasopharynx, which makes it possible to obtain the answer most quickly. Serological methods make it possible to detect an increase in antibody titer only 1-3 weeks after the onset of the disease, for which various methods are used.

The most informative is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; later results are obtained using simpler reactions (RSC and RTGA). Paired sera are examined; the first is taken at the beginning of the disease, the second - after 2-4 weeks. An increase in titer of 4 times or more is considered diagnostic. An intradermal test with an antigen (allergen) can be used. The transition of a negative test to a positive one is considered diagnostic. If the skin test is positive already in the first days of the illness, this indicates that the person previously suffered from mumps.

Treatment of mumps (mumps):

People with mumps can be treated at home. Patients with severe complicated forms are hospitalized, as well as for epidemiological indications. Patients are isolated at home for 9 days. In children's institutions where a case of mumps is detected, quarantine is established for 21 days. Disinfection in areas of mumps is not carried out.

There is no etiotropic treatment for mumps. Hyperimmune specific serum did not provide a therapeutic effect and did not prevent the development of complications. An important task treatment is to prevent complications. Compliance required bed rest at least 10 days. In men who did not comply with bed rest during the 1st week, orchitis developed 3 times more often (in 75%) than in those hospitalized in the first 3 days of illness (in 26%). To prevent pancreatitis, in addition, it is necessary to follow a certain diet: avoid overeating, reduce the amount of white bread, pasta, fats, cabbage. The diet should be dairy-vegetable. For cereals, it is better to eat rice; brown bread and potatoes are allowed.

For orchitis, prednisolone may be prescribed earlier for 5-7 days, starting with 40-60 mg and reducing the dose every day by 5 mg, or other corticosteroids in equivalent doses.

For meningitis, the same course of treatment with corticosteroids is used. The proposal to use intramuscular injection of nucleases to treat mumps meningitis has no scientific basis; the effectiveness of this method has not yet been proven by anyone. The course of mumps meningitis has a beneficial effect spinal tap with the extraction of a small amount of liquor. Moderate dehydration therapy is of some importance. At acute pancreatitis prescribe a liquid gentle diet, atropine, papaverine, cold on the stomach, with vomiting - aminazine, as well as drugs that inhibit enzymes, in particular contrical (trasylol), which is administered intramuscularly (slowly) in a glucose solution, on the first day 50,000 units, then 3 days at 25,000 units/day and another 5 days at 15,000 units/day. Locally - warming compresses.

The prognosis is favorable, deaths are very rare (1 in 100,000 cases); however, the possibility of deafness and testicular atrophy with subsequent azospermia should be considered. After mumps meningitis and meningoencephalitis, asthenia is observed for a long time.

Prevention of mumps (mumps):

For specific prevention They use live mumps vaccine from the attenuated strain Leningrad-3 (L-3). Children aged 15 months to 7 years who have not previously had mumps are routinely vaccinated against mumps. If the medical history is unreliable, the child must be vaccinated. The vaccination is carried out once, subcutaneously or intradermally. At subcutaneous method 0.5 ml of the diluted vaccine is administered (one vaccination dose is dissolved in 0.5 ml of the solvent attached to the drug). With the intradermal method, the vaccine is administered in a volume of 0.1 ml using a needle-free injector; in this case, one vaccination dose is diluted in 0.1 ml of solvent. Children who have been in contact with a person with mumps, who have not been sick and have not been vaccinated before, can be immediately vaccinated with the mumps vaccine (in the absence of clinical contraindications).

Which doctors should you contact if you have mumps (mumps):

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The source of the disease is exclusively an infected person. What is mumps? The disease is popularly known as “mumps”, is often epidemic in nature and, as a rule, occurs during the off-season (March-April, October-November). Mumps in adults is an acute viral disease caused by paramyxovirus. People are highly susceptible to this infection, but mumps appears more often in children than in adults. Once a person has suffered from the disease, they acquire lifelong immunity.

Causes of mumps

The virus that causes mumps has low resistance outside the human body, but once inside, it quickly spreads to people around the patient. The infection sticks together the red blood cells of guinea pigs, chickens, dogs, ducks and other animals. Infection of adults and children occurs through airborne droplets: during a conversation, when sneezing, being close to an infected person, through household items (dishes, towels, etc.).

Chronic mumps develops against the background of serious metabolic disorders. The disease is characterized by the proliferation of interstitial connective tissue, which entails compression of the parenchyma with its further atrophy. Exacerbation of the chronic form of mumps is associated with congenital changes in the salivary ducts, a sharp decrease in immunity, and persistent infection entering the oral cavity. Sometimes the causative agent can be a common cold that is not treated in a timely manner. Often the disease is wavy in nature.

Types of disease

Mumps can occur in different ways, so to diagnose the disease it is important to determine the specific variant of its clinical form. In adults, it determines not only treatment tactics, but also helps prevent the likelihood of certain complications. To avoid unpleasant consequences, it is important to determine the type of mumps in time and begin its treatment.

Epidemic

Mumps is a common disease that most often affects children rather than adults. With mumps, one parotid gland becomes inflamed (less often, both), and pronounced swelling is observed in the area of ​​the ear and chin. When the disease develops to a severe stage, purulent inflammation appears. However, with the epidemic form of mumps, this phenomenon practically does not occur.

Non-epidemic

This type of infection is considered more dangerous and can occur with salivary stone disease, injury to the salivary gland, or as a result of the penetration of harmful bacteria from the oral mucosa. Non-epidemic mumps in adults is often a complication of other infectious diseases (influenza, typhoid, pneumonia). Depending on the pathologies developing in the body of an adult, this form of mumps is divided into three subspecies:

• Gangrenous (characterized by the death of the entire gland or its individual sections).
• Catarrhal (desquamation of the tissues of the gland ducts occurs, in which thick liquid accumulates).
• Purulent (purulent melting of certain areas of the salivary gland occurs).

First signs and symptoms in adults

Mumps is usually characterized by frequent headaches, fever, sore tongue, swelling and inflammation of the parotid gland. Symptoms purulent form appear in the second half of the course of the disease. If mumps in an adult occurs due to postoperative complications, then its signs will be noticeable already 4-5 days after surgery. Mumps often occurs without pronounced symptoms.

Other frequent symptoms mumps in adults:

• nausea, vomiting;
• hearing impairment;
• pain on palpation of the ears and chin;
• swelling of the salivary gland;
• reduction or cessation of salivation;
• redness and swelling in the salivary gland area;
• discharge of pus in the bacteriological form of mumps;
• decreased appetite, drowsiness.

How is diagnostics carried out?

With the classic course of mumps in an adult, there is no need to carry out a special examination. In atypical, exceptional cases, for example, in the case of a severe course of the disease or a previously vaccinated person being infected with mumps, a diagnosis is carried out. It includes examination of pharyngeal swabs, analysis of blood, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid. Based on the results, the doctor makes a diagnosis.

Treatment of the disease

As a rule, in the normal course of mumps, an adult patient is not prescribed injections or taking strong drugs. However, if complications develop, the doctor may prescribe serious therapy. Those infected with mumps are advised to stay in bed, drink plenty of fluids and rinse the mouth regularly. To reduce pain syndrome, hot and cold compresses or analgesics are prescribed. If mumps is detected in an adult at an early stage, the doctor prescribes gamma globulin to alleviate the condition.

Treatment for mumps is usually carried out at home. Only seriously ill people are hospitalized. At the initial stage of the disease, standard methods of therapy are used: taking antibiotics, following a diet, hygiene procedures. Suppuration requires urgent surgery, during which salivary stones are removed, and the source of inflammation is incised and drained. After suffering purulent or catarrhal parotitis, the salivary gland completely restores its functions.

How long is the incubation period?

The incubation period for mumps lasts on average from 12 to 20 days. However, an infected person begins to spread the infection even before the first symptoms of mumps appear. Some sick adults begin to feel muscle, head, and joint pain, dry mouth, chills.

Possible complications and consequences of mumps

Despite the fact that “mumps” is not one of the serious illnesses, it can provoke serious complications. If the patient's condition worsens, orchitis (in men), mastitis (in women), encephalitis may occur, and in the worst case, irreversible deafness and infertility develop. An equally serious complication of mumps is meningitis, in which the disease is extremely severe and recovery does not take a long time. Various tissues and organs (ovaries, mammary glands, pancreas) are affected by the virus.

Prevention methods

Mumps is called a controlled infection. Thanks to vaccines, which began in the mid-60s, the incidence of the disease has decreased significantly. Mumps vaccination is not given to adults, as it is considered ineffective; children aged 1-2 years are vaccinated. Typically, the vaccine is given in combination with the measles and rubella vaccine. This preventive measure is very effective and rarely produces local or general reactions. The surest way to avoid infection is to avoid contact with a sick person.

Nonspecific methods for preventing mumps are:

• Isolation of infected people during illness. Starting from the 9th day of the acute phase of mumps, the patient is considered non-infectious.
• Regular ventilation of the home. Changing the air reduces the likelihood of infection of the patient's roommates. To do this, you should ventilate the rooms 3-4 times a day.
• Use of protective masks. The patient must wear a special gauze bandage to prevent infection of others.
• Disinfection of household items. To treat dishes and other items with which a person has been in contact, use medical alcohol or chlorine-containing substances.
• Strengthening the immune system. Compliance healthy image life, regular walks fresh air, cold and hot shower and exercise reduce the risk of contracting mumps and other infectious diseases.

What mumps disease looks like in adults - photo

Many modern parents prefer to refuse vaccination, explaining their decision by the possibility of side effects. However, it is worth considering that unvaccinated people have a high chance of contracting mumps through contact with sick people. In addition, unvaccinated adults are more likely to develop mumps complications. Children who have not received the vaccine pose a danger to others because they are more likely to become infected with a mild form of mumps and play the role of a spreader of the virus. Below are photos of people infected with mumps.

Mumps disease symptoms often manifest in young children, on average from three to seven years. Moreover, boys are exposed to the disease much more often than girls. You can become infected through any contact with a sick person, and through shared utensils or toys. After an illness, a person develops strong immunity for life.

Mumps disease, what it is and what mumps disease looks like

So what is it called mumps disease - mumps and is considered viral disease, which can occur in an acute form and occurs when exposed to paramyxovirus. The disease manifests itself as fever, intoxication and severe enlargement of one or all salivary glands. It can also infect others internal organs, as well as the central nervous system.

Not many people know contagious or not this disease. The source of the disease can only be a person, that is, a sick person in whom the disease is already in its manifest form. A person becomes contagious within the first two days, from the moment of infection until the first symptoms appear. A person remains contagious for 5 days after the disease has appeared. After the patient's symptoms have passed, he may still remain contagious.

How the disease is transmitted

The virus spreads not only through airborne droplets, that is, through close contact with a sick person, but also through the use of contaminated dishes or toys. And the susceptibility to infection of every person who has not been sick is very high.

Children are especially susceptible to the disease. As for infection by gender, among males mumps disease symptoms appear twice as often as in women. The disease itself directly depends on seasonality, that is, in the spring months the disease is more active, but in the autumn it hardly manifests itself.

80% of the adult population has antibodies to the disease in their blood, which indicates its possible spread.

The disease enters the body through the upper respiratory tract and tonsils. After which the disease passes to the salivary glands. Then the disease spreads throughout the body, looking for the most appropriate place for reproduction, mainly nervous system or glandular organs. These places are affected by the disease simultaneously with the salivary glands, and sometimes even earlier.

Throughout the illness, the body actively produces antibodies, which can be detected for many years after the illness. And also an allergic restructuring of the entire body occurs, which can remain in this form throughout life.

Mumps gets its name from one key symptom – inflammation and severe swelling of the parotid salivary glands. The swelling spreads strongly and quickly to the cheek and front areas. ears. With the global spread of edema, the face greatly increases in size and is very reminiscent of the face of a pig.

About one or two days before the onset of illness, the infected person begins to:

• feel a headache
• painful symptoms occur in muscles and joints,
• chills and severe dry mouth begin.

In children, these symptoms are somewhat less pronounced than in adults.

But mumps symptoms can manifest in other ways.

1. Body temperature rises very quickly and can remain high for up to 7 days.
2. Very strong chills, weakness and very strong headaches.

The main symptom is severe swelling in the area of ​​the auricle, that is, inflammation of the glands near the ears. It can be located on the sublingual and submandibular glands. A swelling occurs in these places, which hurts a lot if you press on it. As the disease progresses, the parotid gland swells and the face begins to take on the shape of a pear.

The main pain occurs at night, and when chewing food. The severe pain does not go away for about 4 days, and only then begins to gradually subside. The swelling disappears after a few days, after the acute pain goes away, in an adult it can persist for up to two weeks.

During illness rash on face And rash on the body does not appear.

Mumps disease in children with photos. Children's disease mumps

Mumps is considered a childhood disease, and like others acute diseases occurs in children no older than seven years of age. Infection getting into children's body, promotes rapid damage to the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, nose and entire oral cavity. The parotid gland also suffers.

The first signs begin to appear twelve days after the baby came into contact with the patient. And the first sign is sharp increase temperatures above 40 degrees. After this, swelling of the ear area occurs, pain begins, especially when chewing and swallowing food, and excessive saliva production is activated. Rash in a child does not appear.

The incubation period for the disease is very long, and the baby remains contagious for a long time.

Most often, a child falls ill during a period of weakened immunity and severe lack of vitamins, mainly at the end of winter and throughout the spring.

Swelling occurs on both sides of the face, and can spread to the neck area, causing the entire face to become swollen, and character traits– pear-shaped, and resembles a pig’s face. This is where the name came from - pig.

There are children who suffer this disease with particular severity. In addition to swelling of the glands near the ears, swelling of the sublingual and submandibular glands may also occur. This swelling is very painful and greatly disturbs the baby. They often complain about unbearable pain during a conversation, when eating, and pain in the ear area. If the disease proceeds calmly and without complications, then mumps symptoms persist for about 10 days.

Mumps disease in children: consequences

The consequences of such a disease can be catastrophic for children; it is for this reason that at the first symptoms you should immediately consult a specialist for medical assistance and treatment.

The disease entails severe complications and disastrous consequences:

• Emergence serous meningitis, which occurs only in acute form;
• The manifestation of meningoencephalitis, which is dangerous not only for the health, but also for the life of the child;
• The middle ear is affected, after which complete deafness may occur;
• The thyroid gland begins to become very inflamed;
• The central nervous system works with serious disturbances;
• Manifestation of pancreatitis;
• The pancreas begins to become very inflamed.

But more serious danger The disease affects boys specifically. Moreover, the older the age in boys, the more dangerous the disease becomes for him. And all because in about 20% of sick boys, such a disease can affect not only general organs, but also the spermatogenic epithelium of the testicles. But this is fraught with a serious danger - male infertility in life.

Mumps that occurs with complications leads to acute inflammation testicles. There is severe pain in the groin and gonad area. Subsequently, the testicle swells greatly, its size increases and begins to turn red. Swelling first appears in one testicle and very quickly moves to the other. IN similar cases atrophy may occur, that is, the ovarian function simply dies, which is what leads to infertility.

There are no special techniques that can get rid of this complication, so conditions are created that do not allow the disease to diverge greatly. In this case, the boy needs to be placed in separate room and arrange complete bed rest.

To save a child from pancreatitis, the child must have an organized special diet. If the disease is not allowed to develop complications, it can be treated within ten days.

The disease becomes much more difficult with age. If a boy has had mumps, which was not accompanied by orchitis, then infertility will not occur. The disease is especially dangerous at the time of puberty. To avoid illness with big complication, it is necessary to be vaccinated in the first year of life, and then revaccinated at the age of six to seven years.

In an adult, mumps appears very rarely. But the course of the disease progresses with severe complications. If a person’s immunity is strong, the disease can proceed calmly. But even with such a course, the consequences of the disease cannot be avoided. During illness, complications of various forms appear, and to avoid this, vaccination should be done.

The disease in an adult develops very quickly, starting from an increase in body temperature to severe swelling in the area of ​​the auricle, neck and cheeks. Initial mumps symptoms in an adult, the symptoms are no different from the symptoms of children.

Rash in adults there are no people, but severe damage to the genital organs and pancreas occurs. If there is a complication in the stomach area, a person begins severe vomiting, diarrhea, acute pain and loss of appetite.

When the disease manifests itself in an adult, the first thing to do is to take all measures and not allow the disease to become more complicated, in which case testicular atrophy may occur in men, and severe menstrual irregularities in women.

You cannot treat this disease on your own. Since treatment can only be prescribed by the attending physician, who will first make a preliminary diagnosis.

Mumps disease consequences for men. Can there be children

The pig is very dangerous disease, especially among the older generation. It is especially terrible in males, and it is not the moment of the disease itself that is terrible, but precisely the consequences that can occur. The most common complication which occurs in men is inflammation of the testicles, or orchitis in other words.

If the disease occurs in a man after the age of 30, then it will be severe with special consequences. After a man falls ill, his condition begins to rapidly and greatly deteriorate. The temperature can reach 40 degrees, there is a complete loss of appetite, constant pain in the head, painful nausea and vomiting. A man has been suffering from mumps for more than three weeks, in a very acute form.

Their consequences can be disastrous if timely and correct treatment is not started. These consequences include:

• Nervous damage central system, as a result, the disease can enter the brain cells and develop meningoencephalitis, and partial or total loss hearing
• Strong changes occur in the male reproductive system. A disease such as orchitis occurs in more than 30% of men who have been ill in various forms. With this course, strong painful sensations, the scrotum begins to swell greatly, turn red and become hot. In this case, you cannot hesitate, and you should immediately contact a specialist for help. If the disease is started, orchitis will develop with high speed, and will entail dire consequences. In this case, reproductive function is impaired.
• Another complication is inflammation thyroid gland, as well as the development of diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis.
• Rash on hands And rash on legs with this disease it is completely absent.

The most terrible complication of this disease is, of course, male infertility. For the dignity of every man, such a consequence is simply unacceptable, but there is no point in doing nothing. To restore normality reproductive function, on this moment developed unique techniques, which can give a positive result in most cases. If you suddenly start experiencing severe pain in the groin area, vomiting for no reason and immediate loss of appetite, you should not wait until it goes away, you should immediately go to the hospital.

As a result, if you slow down the treatment of mumps in men, then the most dangerous consequence may become infertility and lack of children in the future.

People who have not experienced the disease wonder whether how to treat pig.

The treatment itself occurs at home, but in case of serious complications, hospitalization in the infection department is required, but this only happens if mumps disease symptoms manifested with complications.

It does not require any special treatment; most often, measures are taken to alleviate general condition sick.

1. Bandages or compresses are applied to the throat; it is advisable to bandage it with a warm scarf.
2. You can use an oil compress by heating a few tablespoons of oil and soaking a gauze bandage in it. Just don’t make it very hot, otherwise you can burn the patient.
3. Gargling with soda will also give positive results; for this, a teaspoon of soda is diluted in a glass of warm water.
4. Don't forget about bed rest. It is observed from the first to last day diseases. If the regimen is not followed, severe complications may occur.

A person with mumps should be in a separate room so as not to infect other residents of the house. We also provide separate utensils and hygiene products.

Mumps or mumps: drugs

High temperatures are reduced with antipyretics, paracetamol or intramuscular injections - analgin, suprastin, no-spa.

If the disease shows complications, then general treatment Antibiotics are added and should be started without delay. Prescribing these drugs can prevent purulent complications.

If suppuration of the glands occurs, the patient is hospitalized, and treatment is carried out only surgically, such therapy lasts at least 10 days.

Prescribed to relieve symptoms antihistamines, as well as drugs to eliminate intoxication and asthenia. If the patient has heart disease, heart medications must be added to the treatment.

Although mumps disease symptoms which are terrible, and the consequences can be disastrous, can manifest itself not only in children and adults, and occurs in various forms. It can not only be cured and prevent the development of complications, but also prevented with the help of special vaccination. It will prevent a person from getting sick and strengthen immunity against this disease, which is very important for everyone.

Save the information.

The name of the disease mumps has several synonyms - mumps or behind the ears. These words are associated with external manifestations of pathology accompanying the development of the disease. Characteristic signs are inflammation and an increase in the volume of the salivary glands, as well as the tissues around them; febrile state - indicate the introduction into the body of a virus belonging to the group of paramyxoviruses. Mumps is transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person, most often affecting children. After recovery, the patient acquires stable immunity to the pathogen and does not get sick again. The disease itself does not pose a serious threat to the patient; its consequences are dangerous. In each clinical case there is an increased risk of complications.

The disease occurs when the mumps virus enters the human body. This pathogen does not have pronounced resistance to conditions external environment Therefore, infection is possible only through prolonged and close contact with an infected person. The main ways of spreading the infection:

1. Airborne. The virus is found in the biological fluids of its carrier - saliva or mucus produced in the nasopharynx. The risk of its spread increases if an infected person is present nearby, talks, coughs, sneezes or moves to some active actions, for example, kisses.
2. Domestic. Infection occurs when sharing things or objects at the same time or after a carrier of the virus. Mumps is often acquired in this way by small children who readily lick their hands or chew toys, pencils or pens.

People can become sources of infection at several stages of the disease:

• during the incubation period;
• during the period of active manifestations of the disease, the ability to infect others remains for 1.5 weeks after the first symptoms of mumps appear.

After entering the body, the virus begins to act actively. It is able to settle on cells and destroy them, get into blood vessels, then spread to the glands (salivary and others), nervous tissue, causing certain symptoms.

Mumps may be non-epidemic. Non-infectious (false) mumps is formed due to the penetration of bacteria from the oral cavity into the salivary gland with the emergence and progression of a chronic inflammatory process.

Characteristic symptoms

During the incubation period, signs of mumps are not observed. The disease may have varying degrees of characteristic manifestations. Their severity depends on the characteristics of the infected person’s body and the resistance of its immune system. Mumps can leak into mild form, while its manifestations are similar to those of a cold or acute respiratory viral infection. In most cases, the symptoms of mumps are associated with a significant change in the patient’s well-being. He experiences severe headaches and a significant increase in body temperature. A person infected with a virus complains of discomfort in the neck area, behind the ears. Visible swelling, inflammation of the salivary glands, and redness of the tissues around them also indicate illness. The patient notes the presence of pain in the throat, tongue, nausea, which is accompanied by vomiting.

Manifestations of the disease in children

If a baby is infected with mumps, the first days after the virus enters his body will be normal. Changes in condition occur at the end of the incubation period. The spread of infection is indicated by:

• increase in body temperature to 38.0–38.5 °C;
• the appearance of a sore throat;
• runny nose;
• slight cough.

Then, after a few days, children develop noticeable swelling (usually on one side of the neck) in the area of ​​the parotid salivary gland. The area becomes painful and the child experiences discomfort. Salivation becomes difficult, which leads to excessive dryness in the mouth. Appears bad smell, changes in the mucous membrane are possible. The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands may be involved in the inflammation process. At the same time, the child’s face changes significantly and becomes puffy. Characteristic deformations associated with mumps are visible in the photo.

The condition is aggravated by the appearance of problems in the functioning of the stomach and intestines: nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea, bloating. Such symptoms are typical when the virus infects pancreatic tissue. If the disease affects other glands, children of different sexes experience:

• in boys, testicular damage is observed, accompanied by unilateral swelling of the scrotum, redness, and severe pain;
• in girls, the virus can attack the ovaries; characteristic features The pathological process becomes increased nausea, pain in the lower abdomen, increased weakness.

Manifestations of the disease in adults

Symptoms of pathology in adults are similar to those in children. The effect of the virus for the older category of patients is enhanced by the development of the inflammatory process in the salivary glands, as indicated by:

• the occurrence of severe pain when palpating problem areas of tissue;
• difficult or complete cessation of salivation;
• pronounced swelling of the neck and lower parts faces;
• the skin is significantly stretched, shiny, but does not change its color.

Mumps in adults in most cases affects the salivary glands on both sides. The patient is like this age group may note:

• significant pain when talking, eating, drinking;
• inability to take a comfortable sleeping position;
• the appearance of a feeling of noise in the ears, pain in them;
• severe pain that occurs when pressing on the area behind the earlobe;
• increased dry mouth, inability to chew food;
• the presence of rashes in the form of bright red spots on the face, torso, arms, legs.

Men may show signs of testicular inflammation (orchitis); in some cases, the pathological process is diagnosed on both sides. If the outcome is unfavorable, testicular atrophy may occur. In women, the disease is often accompanied by menstrual irregularities.

The acute period of mumps in adults usually lasts up to 4 days, then the symptoms decrease.

Diagnostic tests

Mumps is a disease accompanied by characteristic and striking clinical manifestations. To make a diagnosis, in most cases it is enough to interview the patient in detail about his condition, evaluate external symptoms that appear when infected with a virus. Before treatment, the diagnostician may conduct additional studies. Procedures are prescribed:

• if there are symptoms of mumps in a person vaccinated against it;
• when the disease is severe.

The following tests can confirm the presence of the mumps virus in a patient:

• Blood PCR;
• laboratory blood test for antibody levels.

If there is a suspicion of a malfunction in the functioning of the patient’s internal organs or systems, specialists conduct other studies that reflect the patient’s health status.

Effective treatments

Once the diagnosis of mumps is confirmed, treatment begins. It should be remembered that the disease has dangerous complications, therefore, independently choose the method of therapy, as well as medicines prohibited for adults or children.

When prescribing treatment, doctors draw patients’ attention to the fact that special means does not exist to combat mumps. List necessary medications for each patient is compiled individually and depends on the severity of the symptoms of mumps. In most cases, the fight against the disease is carried out at home. Patients with significant complications are subject to hospitalization.

By doing therapeutic measures experts recommend:

• strict adherence bed rest; it is necessary for a long period - from the appearance severe symptoms mumps until they stop completely;
• following a special diet that involves excluding spicy, fatty, fried foods from the diet, switching to dairy products and plant components of the diet;
• applying compresses ( dry heat) to the problem area;
• use of an increased drinking regime;
• frequent rinsing of the mouth with special solutions;
• exclusion of drinking alcohol and smoking.

Traditional therapy

• antibiotics or antivirals;
• medications with antipyretic effect;
• antihistamine medications;
• complexes of vitamins and microelements;
• strengthening compounds immune defense body.

In cases where the inflammatory process is accompanied by suppuration of the problem area, hospitalization of the patient and surgical procedures are required. During surgery, the stones formed in the salivary glands are removed from the patient, and if necessary, a drainage system is installed.

The therapy process is accompanied by the use of physiotherapy: electrophoresis, ultraviolet or infrared irradiation.

Treatment with herbs and other folk remedies

Your doctor's treatment recommendations may include: unconventional methods, many of which have been successfully used to combat the disease. The choice of each recipe is justified by the exceptional properties of the plant materials used.

Many herbs, fruits, inflorescences, and roots have an anti-inflammatory effect. Decoctions or infusions of them can be used for regular mouth rinses or taken orally as an immune booster.

One of the recipes suggests using chopped Linden blossom. 2 tablespoons of raw materials need to be poured with a glass of boiling water. The product is infused under the lid for half an hour, filtered. The infusion is drunk 3 times a day, the dosage for one dose is 100 grams.

An infusion of sage is prepared in the same way, using 1 tablespoon of dry herb. The strained solution is used to rinse the mouth, the procedure is repeated after each meal.

The body's protective functions when infected with mumps are enhanced by a decoction of rose hips. To prepare it, you need a container into which a liter of water is poured. Add 5 tablespoons of dry berries to the bowl, bring the mixture to a boil, leave on low heat for 10 minutes. The decoction must be infused and then used for drinking. Can improve the taste and medicinal properties of the product natural honey in small quantities.

As a compress for mumps, it is recommended to use porridge made from flax seeds with the addition of honey. You will need 100 grams of raw materials, pour half a glass of boiling water over it, cook until the mass is obtained thick consistency. Cool the mixture, add a little honey (no more than a tablespoon), stir, and form cakes. They should be applied to areas of inflamed salivary glands.

Possible complications

The pig may be accompanied dangerous conditions, against its background, the development of certain diseases is possible:

• inflammatory process in the testicles in men (orchitis);
• dysfunction of the prostate gland;
• brain damage - meningoencephalitis or serous meningitis;
• hearing loss due to the presence pathological processes in the inner ear;
• changes in the cartilage tissue of joints (arthritis);
• deterioration of thyroid function (thyroiditis);
• inflammation of the ovaries in women;
• mastitis (more often occurs in women, sometimes accompanies men).

Presence of the listed processes inflammatory in nature complicates the patient’s recovery and increases the duration of treatment. Some of these diseases increase the risk of residual effects after mumps. These include:

• infertility;
• complete hearing loss;
• development .

Prevention

The main and effective method to prevent the possibility of contracting mumps is vaccination, which is mandatory for children. Vaccination is carried out twice - upon reaching the age of twelve months, then before starting school. If a person has not been vaccinated, the procedure may be indicated for the following reasons:

• being in a dangerous epidemiological situation;
• patient's wishes.

The threat of mumps complications increases significantly for a pregnant woman. Therefore, vaccination against the disease should be carried out at the preparatory stage for an important period.

If viral mumps is diagnosed in a family member, strict adherence to the following measures is required:

• quarantine for the patient is indicated for at least 9 days after the onset of symptoms of the disease;
• thorough cleaning of premises and common areas;
• strengthening personal hygiene of each family member.

Prevention of mumps is especially important for children's institutions. The necessary joint measures are being taken medical workers and employees of kindergartens or schools.

Mumps is infectious disease, which was popularly called “pig”. This type of pathology can often be observed in childhood, since the mumps virus especially affects children from 5 to 15 years old. But today this disease is often observed in adulthood, due to the fact that many adults simply have significantly reduced protective functions body.

For doctors, treating mumps in adults is a much more complicated issue, since the course of the disease is very complex and the possibility of complications is high. Let's talk about what it looks like this pathology, how treatment occurs and what ways you can protect yourself from it.

Mumps- an acute infection caused by paramyxovirus, unstable to high temperatures, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental influences. Disease characterized by damage to special glands of the human body a (salivary, pancreas and seminal), including the nervous system.

The disease is also called, as mentioned earlier "piggy", and "behind the ear". The pathology received such names due to the fact that the salivary glands, which are located in front of the ears, swell, thereby forming a characteristic swelling.

Location of salivary glands in the human body

Parotitis spreads by airborne droplets. The source of infection can be exclusively a sick person who becomes infectious even before the appearance of primary symptoms and remains so for another 9 days.

Reference. During 12-24 hours before the onset of primary symptoms disease, a person becomes a spreader of this disease without knowing it.

This is what paramyxovirus, the causative agent of mumps, looks like

The mumps virus first enters the mucous membranes of the mouth and nasopharynx, then spreads through the bloodstream, penetrating the internal organs. The infection primarily affects the soft membranes of the brain, salivary glands, pancreas and seminal glands.

The incubation period of the disease can last from several weeks to one month. The main symptom of mumps in adults, the treatment of which is a very important task for doctors, is swelling and painful sensations in the salivary glands in the ear area, at the same time, the ear lobe rises slightly, and the ear itself protrudes.

Body temperature can even rise to 40°C and stay at this level for several days. Later 7 days after the onset of the disease, the temperature decreases and the swelling subsides. Approximately by day 10 all signs of mumps completely disappear.

Mumps: types of disease

Mumps can occur in different ways, which is why in order to diagnose the pathology it is important to determine the form of its clinical form.

This must be done in order to determine the necessary treatment strategy and prevent possible probability some complications.

In order to avoid negative consequences It is necessary to promptly determine the type of this pathology and begin prompt treatment.

The disease is divided into the following types, having their own characteristic features:

• epidemic- a pathology that most often develops in children, but adults are also affected. In this type of inflammation occurs one parotid gland (in in rare cases- both). There is swelling in the area of ​​the ear and chin. If it has developed to a complex form, then the appearance of inflammation is noted, but with this type of mumps this phenomenon is extremely rare;
• non-epidemic– a more dangerous type of pathology. It can develop due to salivary stone disease, injury to the salivary gland, or due to pathogens from the oral mucosa. This type in adults usually manifests itself as a complication of infectious diseases.

In its turn non-epidemic mumps is divided into the following forms, depending on other diseases the patient has:

1. Catarrhal– there is exfoliation of the tissue of the gland ducts and the accumulation of thick fluid in it.
2. Purulent– purulent melting of some areas of the salivary gland occurs.
3. Gangrenous- a form characterized by partial or complete death of the gland.

Symptoms of mumps

Swelling of the salivary glands - main symptom manifestations of mumps

A similar pathology as mumps is characterized by such manifestations as frequent headaches, a significant increase in body temperature, painful sensations on the tongue, swelling and inflammation of the salivary glands.

Symptoms of the purulent form appear only in the second half of the course of the disease.

In that case, if mumps develops in an adult due to the consequences of the postoperative period, then its symptoms are already appearing on the 5th day after the operation.

This type of disease can be without bright pronounced manifestations symptoms. Others common symptoms in the early stages of the disease in an adult the following:

• weakness, fatigue;
• nausea, vomiting;
• refusal to eat, drowsiness;
• muscle pain;
• hearing loss;
• swelling of the salivary gland;
• pain when touching the ears and chin;
• decreased salivation.

If the disease in an adult occurs classically, then special examinations are not required. In non-standard cases, diagnostics based on examination can be carried out analysis of blood, urine, pharyngeal swab, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid. Based on these studies, the specialist determines the diagnosis.

Complications

Mumps is dangerous due to various serious complications

It was previously noted that mumps in older age can cause severe complications.

These include diseases:

1. Meningitis.
2. Encephalomyelitis.
3. Meningoencephalitis.
4. Pancreatitis.
5. Diabetes.
6. Deafness.

Mumps is especially dangerous for men, who may develop pathologies such as orchitis. It can lead to incurable infertility.

In the case of orchitis and meningitis, patients are prescribed treatment with corticosteroid drugs, for example, Prednisolone. The course of such treatment is 1 week.

Attention! In no case should you carry out independent treatment for mumps in adults, because the disease is dangerous with various serious complications.

Only a specialist will be able to monitor the progression of this disease and prevent adverse consequences.

Treatment of mumps

First of all, it is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that Treatment of mumps in adults with antibiotics is not carried out, since antibacterial drugs cannot have an effect on viruses.

Special medications There are simply no people who can cope with paramyxovirus.

Bed rest is a mandatory measure in the treatment of mumps

And in general some kind of specific treatment mumps doesn't exist. If the pathology occurs without complications, it can be cured at home. If the disease is severe, the patient is treated in a hospital.

If we dwell on the features of treatment of the disease, it is worth noting that The main task is to prevent complications. First of all, the sick Strict adherence to bed rest is prescribed for at least 10 days.

When treating mumps, the following scheme is used:

• dieting. It consists of eliminating fried, fatty, spicy foods, pickles, marinades, and also limiting the consumption of white bread and pasta. All food must be ground;
• maintaining a drinking regime. The patient must be provided drinking plenty of fluids. For this purpose, weak tea, berry and fruit drinks and rosehip decoctions are suitable;
• after every meal the patient must certainly rinse your mouth a warm mixture of baking soda and water (1 teaspoon per glass of water), a decoction of sage or chamomile.

Concerning drug treatment, then it is mainly performed symptomatically and looks in the following way:

1. Antihistamines- “Claritin”, “Suprastin”.
2. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drugs- “Paracetamol”, “Panadol”.
3. Vitamin complexes- “Complivit.”
4. Alcohol and oil compresses to the area of ​​inflamed glands.
5. Physiotherapeutic procedures in the form of UHF and ultraviolet irradiation.

Reference. Warming the swollen area with a heating pad for mumps is strictly prohibited!

Strict adherence to all prescriptions prescribed by the doctor will help ease the course of the disease and avoid complications.

Prevention of mumps

Wearing a mask will help avoid infecting other households

We introduced the reader to a disease such as mumps in adults, photos of the symptoms and treatment of which are presented in this article. But another important question arises about how to protect yourself from this disease.

Unfortunately, today there is only one way to prevent this disease - this is vaccination, which began to be carried out back in the mid-60s.

Adults are not vaccinated against mumps., as it is considered an ineffective measure. Usually vaccinated children aged 1 to 2 years.

Nonspecific preventive measures to prevent mumps include the following::

• isolation of the patient up to 9 days of illness;
• ventilation of living space, preferably several times a day. This reduces the threat of infection to other households;