Home Drugs Chronic oophoritis. Oophoritis: how it manifests itself, why it is dangerous and how to treat it

Chronic oophoritis. Oophoritis: how it manifests itself, why it is dangerous and how to treat it

IN gynecological department women who are concerned about the disorder often contact menstrual cycle and long absence of pregnancy. Having carried out all the necessary diagnostic measures, the doctor determines the cause of such failures. Often it becomes oophoritis. What is it? Symptoms and treatment of the disease.

What is oophoritis? And why does it occur in women? This disease is an inflammatory process that occurs in the ovaries and is accompanied by unpleasant sensations.

The most basic reason why bilateral oophoritis occurs in women is the penetration of the infectious agent into fallopian tubes, through which it later entered the ovaries upward path.

Those women who often change sexual partners and do not use contraceptives are more susceptible to infection with oophoritis. The disease can also cause complications after caesarean section, after childbirth, abortion, surgery in the uterus.

Bilateral oophoritis can be caused by the following reasons:

Infectious diseases, sexually transmitted.
Inflammations that occur in the body, for example, inflammation of the suture after a cesarean section.
Abortions performed on later pregnancy.
The appearance of complications after childbirth in women, childbirth by cesarean section, as a result of which the suture may become inflamed.
Hypothermia of the body.
Stressful situations, depression.
Crash hormonal levels.
Using IUDs to prevent pregnancy.

In most cases, bilateral ovarian oophoritis in women can affect adjacent genital organs. To prevent this from happening, timely treatment is necessary.

Clinical picture of the disease

Signs of oophoritis appear depending on the stage at which the pathology develops and how it proceeds. Therefore, experts identify several types of ovarian inflammation in women.

Acute form of pathology

The manifestation of acute oophoritis in a woman is very pronounced. Signs of pathology greatly torment patients and require urgent medical attention. This stage causes the following symptoms of oophoritis:

High body temperature.
The occurrence of chills, weakness throughout the body, decreased performance.
Malfunction of the digestive organs.
Pain in the lower abdomen, in the head, muscle tissue, as well as when urinating.
Vaginal discharge containing pus.
Bleeding from the uterus caused by dysfunction of the reproductive gland.
Pain during sexual intercourse.

Acute bilateral ovarian oophoritis is diagnosed by a gynecologist when examining the patient in a chair. He notices a strong enlargement of the ovaries due to swelling and inflammatory process. When pressing on the affected area, the woman feels pain.

Chronic stage of the disease

Chronic oophoritis develops slowly and has no such clear signs bilateral oophoritis, as in the acute form. This stage is characterized by the following manifestations:

Failure of the menstrual cycle in women, lengthening or shortening of menstruation, excessive or scanty bleeding.
Aching pain in the groin area, as well as during sexual intercourse.
Scanty discharge with white and going regularly.

Chronic oophoritis of the ovaries is of little concern to the patient, so it is rarely detected in a timely manner. Typically, ovarian pathology is discovered when trying to determine why a woman cannot conceive a child or has menstrual irregularities. When the gynecologist feels the area of the appendages, the patient feels pain, and the doctor feels an enlargement of the woman’s ovaries.

Manifestation of signs chronic oophoritis touch and nervous system, for example, the ability to work decreases, nervousness appears, there is no desire to sleep or eat, one feels constant fatigue. In some cases, chronic oophoritis in women occurs not as a consequence of untreated acute oophoritis, but as an independent pathology of the ovaries.

Subacute form of the disease

Subacute oophoritis of the ovaries in women is diagnosed quite rarely. It occurs when fungal or tuberculosis bacteria develop in a woman's body. The signs of this stage appear in the same way as in acute oophoritis, but they are less pronounced.

Thanks to modern methods treatment this stage ovarian inflammation can be successfully treated. And if you don’t fight it, the disease will develop into a chronic type, then therapy will last long and difficult.

Inflammation on the left and right side of the uterus

Since the uterine inflammatory process in women can affect not only two ovaries at once, but only one, left-sided and right-sided oophoritis are distinguished. Their symptoms bother patients almost the same, however, there are some differences.

For example, right-sided oophoritis causes severe pain of a sharp nature in a woman with right side. This symptom is very similar to the symptom of appendicitis. In this regard, the doctor needs to exclude the presence of appendix pathology during examination.

Left-sided ovarian oophoritis in women leads to pain on the left side. Basically, the infection passes from one ovary to another, so most often bilateral inflammation develops. Right-sided and left-sided oophoritis together cause pain not in a specific side, but in the lower abdomen, lumbar and sacral region.

Inflammation in pregnant women

The combination of chronic bilateral oophoritis of the ovaries and conception of a child is considered unsuccessful. After all, the activity of the ovaries is disrupted, which produces negative effect on conception, the normal course of pregnancy and the birth of a baby. This is explained by the fact that these organs are responsible for the full maturation of the egg and its release from the follicle.

Even if there is a chance of becoming pregnant with inflammation of the ovaries, then before this you should undergo a thorough examination and treat perio-oophoritis. If this is not done, negative consequences may occur:

Hormonal imbalance in a woman, which can lead to miscarriage.
Development ectopic pregnancy. It happens that the occurrence of right-sided or left-sided oophoritis ovaries combined with inflammation of the uterine tubes. As a result, adhesions are formed that can interfere with normal fertilization of the egg.
Inability to conceive a child. Impaired functioning of the ovaries adversely affects the formation of a mature egg, as a result of which ovulation does not occur.
Transmission of infection to the baby. This can happen both in utero and when a woman is already giving birth.

Disease detection

Bilateral ovarian oophoritis in women is difficult to detect. After all, the signs of the disease are very similar to other diseases of the abdominal organs. In most cases, pathology is identified when a woman goes to the doctor with a complaint about changes in the menstrual cycle or a long absence of pregnancy.

Therefore, it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis. For this purpose, the following diagnostic measures are carried out for inflammation of the ovaries in women:

Studying the patient's symptoms and information about previous abortions, difficult childbirth, and the use of IUDs to prevent unwanted pregnancy, the presence of diseases of the genital organs and inflammation of the sutures after childbirth.
Examination in a chair, during which the specialist feels the enlargement of the ovaries and the mobility of the uterus.
Laboratory tests of blood, urine and smear. When inflammation develops, it is observed increased content leukocytes. Using a smear, the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs are determined.
Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, with the help of which it is possible to see inflammation and its localization.
Analysis for oophoritis of the ovaries for the presence in the body of an infection that caused the development of the disease. If there is a gonorrheal or tuberculous inflammatory process, then prescribed additional measures diagnostics
Hysterosalpingoscopy, which makes it possible to detect severe disturbances in the structure of the uterine tubes, the reason why the ovaries began to become inflamed.
Laparoscopy, which is the most effective method of examination for inflammation of the ovaries in women. She gives the doctor more information about the condition of the uterus. This method is used when there is constant pain in the lower abdomen, there is inflammation of the ovaries, for a long time unable to conceive a child, ineffectiveness observed medicinal method treatment of oophoritis. A diagnostic measure makes it possible to identify disturbances in the patency of the fallopian tubes in a woman, the formation of adhesions and the penetration of infection.

How to get rid of the disease?

Treatment of oophoritis is prescribed from the moment an accurate diagnosis is made. The doctor draws up a treatment plan depending on the stage of the disease and what symptoms it causes.

If a woman suffers from acute oophoritis of the ovaries, then treatment in a hospital is necessary under the constant supervision of specialists. Patients must adhere to strict bed rest, they are allowed to apply something cold to the affected area of the body. The doctor must prescribe antibiotics for inflammation of the ovaries.

It is also recommended to use medications that have desensitizing and analgesic properties. In addition, it is necessary to maintain the condition immune system, strengthen the body. The subacute type of pathology is also treated, but physiotherapeutic procedures are also added.

Treatment of chronic ovarian oophoritis in women takes a fairly long period of time and is complex. Indeed, this stage often leads to the development of various severe complications, which can often only be treated surgical intervention. Each patient is prescribed individual therapy. Treatment for chronic ovarian oophoritis consists of taking medicines and carrying out physiotherapeutic procedures.

Procedures such as electrophoresis, laser therapy, massage, and magnet treatment are widely used for inflammation of the ovaries in women. These techniques help reduce the risk of obstruction in the fallopian tubes and the formation of adhesions. Also to eliminate pain acupuncture is used.

The most basic task of the treatment plan for oophoritis is to suppress the inflammatory process. In addition, it is necessary to restore activity reproductive system, activate the immune system, normalize hormonal levels, get rid of disorders of the vascular and nervous system.

When prescribing antibiotics, the sensitivity of the pathogen to a particular drug is first determined. Otherwise, the recommended drug for oophoritis in women may be ineffective. Be sure to take vitamins to strengthen the body, painkillers to eliminate discomfort,

Many doctors prefer medications in the form rectal suppositories. They are quickly absorbed into the blood and begin to act within a few minutes. It is recommended to use Betadine. Such suppositories for oophoritis can destroy infection, eliminate pain, and suppress inflammation.

Preventing Disease

In order to prevent the development of ovarian inflammation in women, it is necessary to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist. After all, the disease can occur without manifestations, which makes it difficult to detect it in time. It is necessary to promptly get rid of any inflammation developing in the pelvic organs.

It is necessary to refuse to have promiscuous sex life in order to avoid sexually transmitted infections, to use contraceptives, to prevent abortions, and to treat sutures after childbirth.

It is important to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right, exercise physical exercise, have a good rest. You should also know what oophoritis is in order to recognize changes in the body and contact a gynecologist in time.

Thus, ovarian perioophoritis in women is serious illness, which may arise from various reasons, for example, act as a complication after cesarean section, abortion, wearing an IUD to prevent conception and other factors. If you notice the first symptoms of inflammation, you must immediately visit a doctor, otherwise there is a high risk of not conceiving a child.

Some women do not know that oophoritis is a disease during which the ovaries become inflamed. Often the inflammatory process spreads to the uterine tubes. This leads to inflammation of the ovaries. Because of of this disease the tubes are soldered to the ovaries. After this, a tubo-ovarian formation appears between them.

There are various classifications of this disease. Oophoritis is divided into two types:

Specific. The disease appears due to sexually transmitted infections.
Non-specific. Caused by bacteria that are found in the intestines or vagina. This form of the disease may be preceded by abortion, various gynecological manipulations and decreased immunity.

According to the nature of their course, several forms of oophoritis are distinguished:

Acute form. During acute oophoritis there are very severe symptoms which manifest themselves as muscle pain and headaches, general weakness and fever. All this negatively affects the general condition of the patient.
Chronic form. In this case, the symptoms are not very pronounced. Only during exacerbations are minor pains in the lower abdomen observed.
Subacute form. Develops against the background of mycotic infection or tuberculosis. It is quite rare.

The ovaries are a paired organ, so sometimes not all ovaries are affected, but only part of them. On this basis, the following forms of oophoritis are distinguished:

double-sided;
left-handed;
right-sided

Causes of oophoritis

Such inflammation necessarily appears due to some reason. The ovaries are located in such a way that the primary penetration of infection into them is impossible. Inflammation of the ovaries appears in the uterine tubes. However, this is not the only source of inflammation. The disease can even appear due to appendicitis. In this case, inflammation appears due to staphylococci, streptococci and E. coli.

Oophoritis can occur if a person has infections. Infectious agents include various viruses.

There are factors that contribute to the appearance of oophoritis. These include:

sexual contacts without protection;
long-term use of an intrauterine device;
non-regular sexual partners;
stress, which negatively affects protective properties ah immunity;
smoking and drinking alcohol, which, when ingested, contributes to changes in the composition of mucus;
problems with the genitourinary system;
presence of chronic infections;
problems with the endocrine system;
hypothermia.

In addition, inflammation of the ovaries can be triggered by diseases such as tuberculosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and trichomoniasis.

Mechanism of disease development

The spread and development of infection in the body does not occur immediately. First it enters the uterine cavity and spreads to the tubes. At the very beginning of the development of the disease, the mucous membrane suffers. After this, the muscular and serous layers are affected. The fallopian tube becomes denser and lengthens. Inside, purulent fluid appears and is secreted.

Over time, the process moves to the ovaries. Their tissues are damaged by the pus that is released from the fallopian tubes. This leads to the appearance of adhesions. Sometimes changes can even affect the surrounding peritoneum.

This process is called periadnexitis. The secretion that has accumulated as a result of the development of infection may contain pus or be completely transparent. Pus accumulated in the ovaries leads to the appearance of pyovar. If the infection continues to develop, it will spread beyond the ovary, which will lead to the appearance of pelvioperitonitis.

Symptoms of ovarian inflammation

The disease has various symptoms. The acute form is expressed by the following symptoms:

sexual intercourse is accompanied by field sensations;
bleeding between periods;
fever and fever;
often purulent and serous discharge comes out of the genital tract;
pain when urinating;
The lower abdomen can be very painful, sometimes the pain extends to the lower back and sacrum.

Symptoms of chronic oophoritis include:

problems with the menstrual cycle;
relapses of the disease that appear after severe hypothermia;
sexual intercourse is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen.

If the disease is not cured in time, exacerbations may occur. They have the following symptoms:

the appearance of white discharge;
decreased libido, problems with sexual function;
ovarian function is impaired;
severe pain that may be in the vagina and lower abdomen;
increased pain before the onset of menstruation.

During an examination by a gynecologist, it may be discovered that the size of the ovaries has increased. Sometimes the chronic form is the cause of disorders of the neuropsychological sphere of a person. Violations include increased irritability, sleep problems, reduced level performance and fatigue. Sometimes the chronic form does not have pronounced symptoms.

If some of the above symptoms are detected, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist.

Oophoritis during pregnancy

Disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries have a bad effect on the course of pregnancy in women. The ovaries are responsible for producing the required amount of sex hormone. The maturation and release of the egg also depend on them. All this affects not only the pregnancy itself, but also fertilization. Sometimes the disease leads to infertility in a woman.

If chronic oophoritis does not lead to infertility, then before conception you must make an appointment with a doctor for examination. This will avoid the following complications:

Hormonal imbalance, which sometimes leads to miscarriage.
Infertility. Due to impaired functioning of the ovaries, problems with the production of eggs may occur, which make the process of ovulation impossible.
Oophoritis often leads to the appearance of adhesions. Because of them, fertilization can occur in the fallopian tube rather than in the uterus.
Fetal infection. It is carried out due to an infection that is present in the woman’s body. In this case, infection occurs not only during pregnancy, but also during childbirth.

It is for these reasons that it is better to visit a doctor before planning a pregnancy.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosing this disease is difficult. The most common symptom of the disease is sharp pain in the abdominal area. It can also appear in other diseases. Other signs of oophoritis may appear when various diseases abdominal organs.

Oophoritis is often diagnosed if a woman complains of problems with her menstrual cycle. To establish the maximum accurate diagnosis The following examinations are carried out:

Carrying out analyzes in the laboratory. They are done to determine the level of white blood cells in the urine and blood. It increases if there is inflammation of the ovaries.
Gynecological history. Determines the location and nature of pain.
Ultrasound. It is carried out to examine the pelvic organs.
Gynecological examination. Abnormalities in uterine mobility and ovarian size are checked.
Hysterosalpingoscopy. It can be used to identify changes in the uterine tubes.

To the most informative and effective ways diagnostics include laparoscopy. During which a visual examination of the uterus, its tubes and ovaries takes place. It is performed if the patient has pain in the lower abdomen. During the examination, the doctor may identify adhesions and low level patency of the fallopian tubes.

Treatment methods

Most often, the course of treatment consists of antibiotics. Many of them are in the group of penicillins and cephalosporins. The most popular drugs include Cefatoxime, Timentin and Amoxiclav.

Antimicrobial agents are also used during treatment. They are very effective in treating chronic form diseases. Medicines such as Tinidazole and Metromindazole are often used.

Oophoritis is accompanied severe pain. To relieve them, drugs related to anti-inflammatory drugs are used. non-steroidal drugs. This group includes Ibuprofen, Indometac and Diclofenac. In gynecology, suppositories or tablets with indomethacin are often used.

Treatment of the disease must be carried out comprehensively. The bulk of treatment is aimed at treating the infection, with additional measures aimed at supporting the body's immune system. To increase the effectiveness of the immune system, immunomodulating agents and vitamins are prescribed. Many gynecologists use the drug Vagilak, which places lactobacilli in the vagina. This allows the natural acidic environment to be restored.

Care should be taken to ensure that the ovaries are completely “rested” from the resulting inflammatory shock. In this case, combined oral contraceptives. With their help, the menstrual cycle is regulated, which allows you to preserve the required number of eggs.

Prevention of oophoritis

To avoid the appearance of this pathology, you need to follow some rules. These include the following points:

should be carried out active image life;
avoid hypothermia;
do not forget about personal hygiene;
use different methods contraception;
be regularly examined by a gynecologist.

The above rules must be followed adolescence. It is very important that parents explain to teenage girls how to prevent the occurrence of inflammatory processes. This will help in the future to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as oophoritis.

When it comes to clean women's health, then we mean the health of the reproductive system, which plays an important role both in the life of the beautiful and in the life of the strong half of humanity. It's about reproductive function when a person is able to leave offspring. Secondly, we're talking about about general health body, even when reproductive system can make a person weak, incapacitated, and depressed. .

What is it - oophoritis?

The female reproductive system consists of several sections and organs. Inflammation in one of them has its own development and course. What is oophoritis? This is inflammation of the ovaries. Sometimes the inflammatory process affects the fallopian tubes. The inclusion of the uterine appendages is called salpingoophoritis, or adnexitis.

The classification of oophoritis is very simple:

The form is divided into:

Acute – there is an enlargement of the ovaries;
Subacute - rare, develops against the background of mycotic infection or tuberculosis. It has the same symptoms as the acute form, only less pronounced. If treatment is ineffective, it becomes chronic;
Chronic – is an advanced acute form, not pronounced. Develops with suppressed immunity. The ovaries are slightly enlarged and located behind the uterus.

By the number of affected ovaries:
- One-sided, which in turn is divided into

Left-sided - inflammation occurs in the left ovary;
Right-sided - inflammation occurs in the right ovary.

Bilateral – when both ovaries are inflamed at once.

The following types are distinguished separately:

Autoimmune – occurs as a result of suppressed immunity for unknown reasons. Leads to the development of lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus, anemia, rheumatoid arthritis etc.
Salpingoophoritis is inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Reasons

The causes of ovarian inflammation are various factors, the main ones being:

Specific, that is, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, chlamydia, which are the main causes of the disease.
Nonspecific, or opportunistic, which are found in the microflora of the reproductive system, but for some reason have multiplied more than normal: streptococci, coli, staphylococcus, candida.

Provoking factors may be:

Menstrual cycle;
Hypothermia;
Intrauterine device;
Surgical operations on the genital organs;
Abortion.

Oophoritis can become a secondary disease when the ovaries are infected from other organs. Rarely do bacteria and viruses enter through the blood and lymph. Often the infection comes from the uterus, cervical canal or fallopian tubes.

Other causes of secondary oophoritis are:

Appendicitis;
Chronic infections;
Diseases of the endocrine system;
Decreased immunity due to stress and overwork;
Damage to the reproductive system;
Promiscuous sexual partners and unprotected sex;
Promiscuity;
Smoking.

Symptoms and signs of ovarian oophoritis

Symptoms and signs of ovarian oophoritis completely depend on the form of the course. Each form has a characteristic pattern. Acute, for example, is characterized by the following symptoms:

High temperature;
Pain in muscles and head;
Chills;
Disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
Irritability;
Insomnia;
Pain when urinating;
Pain during sexual intercourse;
Weakness;
Uterine bleeding;
Loss of appetite;
Pain in the area of the affected ovary, unilateral or bilateral.

The main danger of untreated acute oophoritis is the transition of inflammation from one ovary to another, the development of infertility, as well as the formation of a chronic form.

Symptoms of the chronic form are as follows:

Changes in the menstrual cycle;
Periodic relapses due to overwork or hypothermia;
Pain stupid character, worsening during other illnesses, after hypothermia, during sexual intercourse or before menstruation;
Constant scanty discharge;
Decreased sexual desire;
Inability to conceive a child.
Mental disorders in the state: insomnia or bad dream, irritability, decreased performance, fatigue.

If the chronic form is not treated, then it will lead to obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Adhesions form around the ovaries and infertility develops.

With an exacerbation of the chronic form, the following signs of the disease appear:

Pain in the lower abdomen;
Mucous or purulent discharge abundant in nature;
Pain when urinating;
Irritability;
Malaise;
Pain during sex;
Menstrual irregularities;
High temperature;
Pathological discharge from the ovaries;
Chills;
Insomnia;
Fatigue.

It is worth highlighting the special symptoms of salpingoophoritis, which affects not only the ovaries, but also the fallopian tubes:

Pain in the lower abdomen is cutting, sharp, aching, throbbing, aggravated by exercise;
The temperature rises periodically;
Weakness;
Menstrual cycles are disrupted;
Purulent vaginal discharge;
Difficulty urinating;
If pus gets into abdominal cavity pelvioperitonitis develops.

Oophoritis in children

Oophoritis is not usually observed in children. If this disease occurs, it occurs only in girls as a result of the spread of infection from other organs or after hypothermia.

Oophoritis in adults

Oophoritis is predominantly an adult disease, that is, it occurs only in adults. It does not appear in men. It is observed only in women for the reasons that were described in this article.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of oophoritis begins with a general examination of the genital organs based on the complaints that bother the patient. If appropriate signs of illness are observed, then additional research:

Radiography;
Ultrasound of the ovaries;
Blood test;
Urinalysis;
Bacteriological analysis of discharge (leucorrhoea);
Laparoscopy;
ELISA, PCR, RIF;
Immunohistological method for identifying autoimmune oophoritis;
Hysterosalpingoscopy.

Treatment

Treatment of ovarian inflammation depends on the form and stage of development. Thus, the acute form is treated only in stationary mode and requires the following procedures:

Undergoing physiotherapeutic and balneological procedures;
Taking antibiotics;
Taking vitamin complexes;
The use of vaginal suppositories to prevent the development of the chronic form.

The chronic form is difficult to treat, which forces you to undergo many procedures over a long period of time:

Drug treatment. Antibiotics are taken for exacerbations;
Taking immunomodulators;
Use of folk remedies: douching, baths, tampons;
Painkillers;
Medicines and procedures to normalize nervous and hormonal function body.

Exacerbation of the chronic form requires its own special approach. The patient is in a hospital or outpatient clinic:

If a tumor or suppuration is detected, surgical intervention is performed;
Balneotherapy and physiotherapy are provided;
Vitamins are given.

How is autoimmune oophoritis treated?

Combined estrogens early stage. Treatment of autoimmune oophoritis is long-term and therefore requires early detection;
Anti-extrogen drugs;
Glucocorticosteroids.

Salpingoophoritis is treated medically (antimicrobial and painkillers) or surgically, if medicinal methods didn't work.

Antibiotic therapy includes the following drugs:

For any form of oophoritis, suppositories are used:

Hexicon;
Betadine;
Suppositories with indomethacin.

The following procedures are used as physiotherapy:

Gynecological massage;
Hirudotherapy;
Mud therapy;
Acupuncture.

At home, you can use folk remedies that give your positive effect in the treatment of oophoritis:

Mix linden and chamomile flowers (2:3), pour cold water, boil and leave for 40 minutes. Use the strained infusion for douching or bathing.
Take Kalanchoe juice orally. Can be used in baths.
Mix oak and linden (2:3), add water, boil and leave for 40 minutes. Use in the morning as a douche.

As for the diet, it should contain more vitamin foods - vegetables and fruits.

Life forecast

The prognosis for life with oophoritis is very varied. How long do patients live? The disease does not lead to death, but causes serious complications:

Diseases genitourinary system, development various pathologies, for example, cystitis, pyelonephritis;
Disruption of the digestive system;
Development of a tumor, which will lead to removal of the uterus;
Central nervous system disorder;
Infertility;
Ectopic pregnancy;
Disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries.

To avoid this, you should adhere to preventive measures:

Treat all infectious diseases in a timely manner;
Eat right;
Do not overcool;
Contact a doctor if unusual symptoms appear;
Do not be promiscuous;

Maintain genital hygiene.

Oophoritis is an inflammatory process of the ovary. The ovaries mature eggs and produce sex hormones, so the disease can have the most unfavorable consequences, including infertility.

The disease can lead to the most various complications. The most common among them:

gastrointestinal diseases;
diseases of the urinary system (pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc.);
endocrine disorders;
deterioration of the central nervous system;
cycle disruptions (delays, pain);
ectopic pregnancy and infertility due to obstruction of the tubes and ovarian function.

Complications of the chronic form:

sactosalpinx (fluid accumulation in the tubes), leading to removal of the ovaries and the affected tube;
adhesive process, due to which the patency of the pipes is disrupted;
Ovarian dysfunction (impaired hormone production) is one of the causes of infertility.

In some cases pathological process spreads to the peritoneum: periadnexitis develops. If there is an accumulation of purulent secretion, a diagnosis of “pyosalpinx” is made, and if there is an accumulation of transparent secretion, a diagnosis of “hydrosalpinx” is made. Piovar – purulent inflammation ovary, as the infection spreads, pelvioperitonitis develops.

Oophoritis and pregnancy

Chronic oophoritis and its complications pose a threat to women:

against the background of ovarian dysfunction, disruptions in the menstrual cycle occur;
an adhesive process develops, which can lead to complete obstruction of the pipes;
possible spontaneous miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, infertility;
violated sexual function;
the inflammatory process affects other organs, cystitis, pyelonephritis, colitis, etc. develop.

Correct diagnosis and timely treatment will prevent complications. After effective therapy many women are able to become pregnant.

Diagnostics

The symptoms are vague. The acute form may have manifestations acute abdomen(appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy, peritonitis, ovarian cystoma, etc.).

An accurate diagnosis can be made based on gynecological history (finding out the causes of inflammation, provoking factors and the specifics of the reproductive system), laboratory tests ( high level leukocytes) and gynecological examination (enlarged ovaries, impaired mobility). Also held ultrasound examination(echo signs allow you to determine the degree of inflammation), bacteriological examination, PCR diagnostics.

Most informative diagnostic method– laparoscopy. Indications for the procedure are prolonged pain of unknown origin, unsuccessful attempts to become pregnant, ineffective drug therapy. During laparoscopy, impaired patency of the fallopian tubes, the presence of infection and adhesions, and formations in the ovaries and tubes are observed.

Treatment

Treatment is prescribed after the gynecologist makes an accurate diagnosis. How the doctor will treat the disease depends on the degree and stage of its development, causes and symptoms.

Acute oophoritis should be treated with inpatient conditions. Treatment includes bed rest, desensitizing drugs, analgesics, antibiotics and restoratives.

Treatment with antibiotics is indicated for relapse of the disease, a pronounced increase in inflammatory phenomena. Antibacterial therapy is necessary during the period of exacerbation and is supplemented with restorative agents.

Treatment with antibiotics includes drugs from the cephalosporin and penicillin groups (Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone, Timentin, etc.). Proven effectiveness in the treatment of acute and chronic forms antimicrobial agents(Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin). Oophoritis can be treated with Metronidazole (analogous to Tinidazole), which is almost always included in treatment.

To reduce pain syndrome You can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin, Ibuprofen). Indomethacin suppositories are often used in gynecology. Suppositories used in the treatment of the disease are divided into two groups: anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. What candles can be used:

suppositories with chlorhesidine bigluconate (Pimafucin, Betadine, Hexicon);
suppositories with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances (Indomethacin);
candles with natural ingredients(propolis, oak bark extract).

Candles are part complex therapy, as self-treatment they cannot be considered.

How to treat autoimmune oophoritis: to strengthen the immune system, taking multivitamin complexes and immunomodulators is indicated. It is important not only to treat the underlying disease, but also to prevent the development of dysbiosis against the background antibacterial therapy. For these purposes, Linex, Lactofiltrum and other drugs that help restore microflora are prescribed. Good results gives Vagilak - suppositories that promote the colonization of the vagina with lactobacilli and the restoration of the natural acidic environment.

Oophoritis treatment: advanced and chronic form is more difficult to treat and may lead to the need for surgery. Treatment of the chronic form has the main goal: achieving an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, strengthening the immune system and the ability to become pregnant in the future.

If there is a subacute form, additional physical therapy is performed. Chronic oophoritis also requires physiotherapeutic procedures and balneotherapy.

Treatment of oophoritis should be comprehensive and long-term. Important role women play for health preventive measures: a woman should avoid hypothermia and overwork, maintain hygiene and regularly visit a gynecologist. Healthy image life, proper nutrition, the exclusion of promiscuity will prevent the development of the inflammatory process.

Oophoritis— inflammation in the ovaries, which leads to damage to the genitourinary system of a girl/woman. Has a danger to the reproductive system.

An inflammatory process in the ovary can cause inflammation in fallopian tubes. The disease appears both in one ovary (then unilateral oophoritis is diagnosed) and in two at once, which is called bilateral oophoritis. If inflammation develops in both the ovaries and uterine appendages, they talk about adnexitis or salpingo-oophoritis.

Causes and pathogens

The disease can be caused by the following pathologies:

The development of the disease is influenced by the following factors:

menstrual cycle
hypothermia
surgical manipulation of the genitals
abortions
installation of an intrauterine device

Inflammation of the ovaries in most cases - secondary process. This means that the infection first develops in the fallopian tubes, uterus or cervical canal, and then moves upward. IN in rare cases oophoritis pathogens penetrate the gonads through lymph and blood.

If the disease is not treated, the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes, causing them to thicken. Pathological changes in the ovaries negatively affect periadnexitis, and the accumulated inflammatory exudate causes the accumulation of pus and forms pyovar. The infection may subsequently extend beyond the ovary and be accompanied by pelpioperitonitis. The cause of oophoritis can also be appendicitis, from which the infection spreads to the ovaries.

Oophoritis develops actively if the following factors are present:

endocrine system diseases
infections in the body that develop chronically
stressful situations and overwork
diseases of the genitourinary system
lack of a regular sexual partner
unprotected sexual intercourse
smoking
promiscuity

Symptoms of oophoritis

Manifestations may vary depending on the stage of the pathological process. The stage can be identified by palpation and ultrasound, which makes it possible to determine swelling, tissue changes and soreness of the ovaries. Pathology can be acute, subacute and chronic course, depending on which the symptoms differ.

Acute oophoritis is manifested by a number of such signs:

disruption of the gastrointestinal tract
general weakness
high temperature, chills
painful urination
headaches and muscle pain
uterine bleeding
purulent vaginal discharge
sharp pain during intercourse
intense pain lower abdomen

In the acute form of the disease, the ovaries are very enlarged due to the inflammatory process and swelling, and pain appears on palpation. The patient must be hospitalized and treated in a hospital.

The chronic form of oophoritis is characterized by the following symptoms:

pain in the lower abdomen during intercourse
menstrual irregularities
stupid and aching pain V groin area and in the vagina, which become stronger during critical days and with the development of pathologies of various natures
systematic “awakening” of the disease after remission due to cooling of the body, fatigue and infection in the body
unproductive attempts to conceive a child
leucorrhoea (constant scanty discharge)

Chronic oophoritis occurs if the acute form of the disease is not treated. The pathology is most often diagnosed when trying to understand the reason for the inability to conceive or when visiting a doctor with menstrual irregularities. The ovaries, as revealed by palpation (palpation by the doctor), are dense in consistency and located behind the uterus.

The chronic form of the disease leads to the following consequences:

decreased performance
problems falling asleep
fatigue
irritability
mood changes

Acute oophoritis

Typical symptoms for this form of the disease include pain when going to the toilet, constant pain lower abdomen, spotting and purulent vaginal discharge, ovarian dysfunction. The temperature may rise. Patients often suffer without sleep, become irritable and lethargic. During sexual intercourse there are discomfort and pain, therefore girls with acute oophoritis do not experience any desire for intimacy. The appendages are enlarged and pain is present.

In the structure of the fallopian tube there are pathological changes. It fuses with the ovary, forming a single inflamed area. When the ovarian tissue melts, purulent discharge from the fallopian tube is observed. The body is exposed to intoxication. If acute oophoritis is unilateral, then the disease can quickly spread to a healthy ovary. In this case, we can talk about a bilateral lesion, which is quite difficult to treat. Inflammation leads to the futility of trying to conceive a child.

Treatment comes only in a hospital. A sick girl/woman is prescribed painkillers antibiotic drugs. During the recovery process, physiotherapeutic and balneological procedures are prescribed to prevent the disease. Complex therapy should also include vitamins. Prescribe and vaginal suppositories, which helps prevent relapses.

Subacute oophoritis

This form is very rare. It occurs due to tuberculous or mycotic infectious lesion body. The symptoms are the same as described above, but less pronounced.

If the subacute form of the pathology is diagnosed in time and treated correctly, a complete recovery occurs. If left untreated, the disease transforms into a chronic form, which is characterized by remissions and periods of exacerbation, which complicates treatment.

Chronic oophoritis

The chronic form of oophoritis is a long-term inflammatory process in the ovaries, which occurs if the human body is weakened. Long time you may not suspect a pathology because there will be no obvious symptoms. The consequences are very dangerous: fallopian tube adhesions and infertility.

Typical symptoms of chronic oophoritis:

aching dull pain in the lower abdomen and groin, intensifying before the onset of menstrual periods, with acute respiratory viral infections and hypothermia
irregular cycle
regular heavy leucorrhoea (discharge)
inability to get pregnant
feeling tired, irritability, insomnia
sharp pain during intercourse

Oophoritis can be left-sided, right-sided or bilateral. With bilateral symptoms, the symptoms are blurred and treatment is complicated. Treatment of the chronic form of the disease is aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process and painful sensations, restoration of the protective properties of the immune system and lost functions of the female reproductive system. The doctor must not only cure the disease itself, but also nervous and hormonal disorders that affect women's health.

Exacerbations of oophoritis are treated with immunomodulators. A combination of medication and traditional treatment. Folk remedies suggest using herbal medicinal decoctions, make baths, douches and tampons out of them. It is also important to eliminate such a symptom as pain, because it affects the state of the cardiovascular and nervous system, provokes nervousness, chronic fatigue and irritability. Antibacterial treatment shown in subacute and acute stage oophoritis, as well as during exacerbation of the inflammatory process.

Exacerbation of chronic oophoritis

It's pretty common occurrence, which occurs due to weakened immunity and prolonged inflammation. Treatment is the same as for acute oophoritis. Most often, the disease worsens before scheduled menstruation. Typical complaints are abdominal pain, purulent vaginal discharge, general malaise, etc. Treatment can be inpatient or outpatient. If oophoritis was detected tumor process or a focus of suppuration, then this is an indication for surgery. Physiotherapy and balneotherapy methods are preventive.

Left-sided oophoritis

If you are diagnosed with left-sided oophoritis, this means that the pathological process affected only the left ovary. The reason lies in gynecological interventions, infectious diseases genitals, stress, weak immunity and cooling (for example, you sat in a cold room for a long time).

With left-sided oophoritis, pain is felt only on the left. Typically, there is an increase in temperature that does not go away when taking antipyretics. Between menstruation, bleeding may occur, which makes the woman very tired. Abdominal pain radiates to the sacrum and lower back. There is constant pain when urinating. Purulent and serous discharge from the genital tract is frequent.

Needed for diagnosis gynecological examination, laboratory methods and bacteriological examination. If the ovary is enlarged and there is pain during palpation, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, hystersalpingoscopy and laparoscopy with visual examination of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus are prescribed.

Right-sided oophoritis

The pathology is characterized by an inflammatory process in the right ovary. Often, right-sided inflammation is confused with appendicitis, due to very similar symptoms: sharp girdling pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lower back. The causative agents are microorganisms and infection. Without timely medical care inflammation can spread to a healthy ovary.

The cause of inflammation of the right ovary may be gynecological manipulations and operations, intrauterine device, abortions. The disease does not develop if you have strong immunity. Lack of personal hygiene, adherence to strict diets, frequent change sexual partners and alcohol consumption are factors that provoke the disease.

Symptoms of right-sided oophoritis:

pain in the lower abdomen on the right side
temperature rise
weakness and severe fatigue
vaginal bleeding
pathological vaginal discharge
pain during intercourse
the onset of menstruation at the wrong time (broken cycle)

During treatment, it is important to maintain sexual rest and fully follow the recommendations of the attending physician.

Bilateral oophoritis

Bilateral oophoritis is diagnosed if the right and left ovaries are inflamed at the same time. The reasons are the same as for unilateral oophoritis. The main manifestations are intense pain in the groin, lower abdomen and lower back. Pathological discharge, vaginal discharge and other symptoms that are characteristic of the unilateral form of the disease are also characteristic of bilateral ovarian pathology.

Bilateral oophoritis develops from a unilateral ovarian lesion. This happens when pathogenic microorganisms pass from the fallopian tubes through the abdominal cauda. And salpingoophoritis develops if simultaneous infection of the ovaries and uterine cavity occurs.

The main cause of 2-sided oophoritis: genital infections or microorganisms normal microflora, which began to multiply under the influence of certain factors. In this case, the provoking factor for exacerbation of the disease is unprotected sexual intercourse, hypothermia, a decrease in the protective properties of the immune system, infectious processes in the body, emotional and nervous shocks.

Diagnostics reveals swelling of the ovaries and the appearance of an abscess, which can be felt as a small lump. It is necessary to perform laparoscopy to determine the stage of the disease and the location of the inflammation. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe a puncture and administration of medications.

The goal of treatment is to eliminate intoxication of the body and weaken the inflammatory process. Antibiotics are used to treat the acute stage wide range actions. Treatment also includes anesthetics, immunostimulants and vitamin complexes to fight infection. In chronic cases, the patient should be prescribed anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy.

Prevention of inflammation is a mandatory step. It is necessary to exclude unprotected sexual intercourse, abortion and cooling of the genitourinary system. At the first manifestations of ARVI, it is necessary to urgently treat the disease, preventing its development and chronicity.

Salpingitis and oophoritis

As already noted, these two pathologies have similar symptoms. Often, inflammation of the ovaries causes damage to the fallopian tubes, that is, salpingitis. The causative agents are various microorganisms that can be combined, so antibiotics may not help in treatment (one drug acts on a specific pathogen, but it turns out that there are several pathogens). Inflammation leads to changes due to which the fallopian tube fuses with the ovary. Pus accumulates in the fallopian tube, which is why the ovarian tissue is destroyed.

Both pathologies under consideration are manifested by severe pain in the lower abdomen, in the left or right side. How severe the pain will be depends on the stage of the disease. Pain is characterized as:

aching
acute
cutting
pulsating

Oophoritis and salpingitis are diagnosed using a method such as ultrasound, it is important laboratory tests, laparoscopy, etc. Treatment depends on the pathogen identified. In the acute stage, the woman is sent to a hospital for treatment. At the beginning of the disease, the patient should remain completely at rest; cold compresses and ice should be placed on her stomach. After this, treatment is carried out with antibiotics and medications that relieve pain. If treatment with medications is ineffective, they resort to surgery.

Oophoritis during pregnancy

The disease is dangerous because it has serious consequences, which affect a woman’s ability to become pregnant. There are dysfunctions of the appendages, obstruction of the tubes, adhesions. The regularity of menstruation and sexual function are disrupted. Pathologies such as colitis and cystitis appear in other organs. Chronic inflammation of the ovaries can lead to miscarriages, etc.

For the reasons mentioned above, it is important to detect and treat oophoritis in a timely manner. When planning a pregnancy, you must undergo full examination. With the development of bilateral oophoritis, pregnancy will not occur at all. If there is an infection in the pelvis, the fetus can become infected, then its development is disrupted.

When the function of the appendages is impaired, the body's production of estrogen and progesterone is also impaired. This explains miscarriages if a woman still manages to get pregnant. Then hormone replacement therapy is carried out.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of oophoritis is considered complex process. Symptoms that are characteristic of this pathology may also occur in other diseases. Differential diagnosis is required for the following diseases:

ectopic pregnancy
cyst, etc.

A gynecological examination and medical history are needed at the very beginning when a patient consults a doctor. An examination is carried out on the chair and palpation of the ovary/ovaries. Special attention pay attention to the presence or absence of vaginal discharge and general condition body. The doctor collects anamnesis, including finding out complications after childbirth, if any.

Do laboratory diagnostics, that is, a study of blood and urine for the level of leukocytes. Swabs are taken from the urethra and vagina. The doctor also prescribes, as noted above, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Hysterosalpingoscopy may be necessary, which can detect pathological changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes, the cause of which is chronic inflammation ovaries.

Also, when diagnosing oophoritis, the body is checked for the presence of infectious pathogens using PCR, ELISA, and RIF methods. Additional studies may be prescribed if purulent or tuberculous inflammation is detected. Informative methods Diagnosis of the disease in question is laparoscopy. Examine the fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries; this method is also important for discriminating diagnostics. The main indication for laparoscopy is chronic pain lower abdomen, prolonged infertility, inflammation of the ovaries of unknown origin.

Treatment

When the diagnosis is accurately established, the stage of the disease is known, then treatment is determined. The acute form, as we have already noted, is treated in the hospital. The patient must remain in bed; cold compresses are applied to her lower abdomen. Desensitizing and painkillers, antibacterial and restorative drugs are prescribed.

Treatment of the chronic form of the disease is complex. An individual course of treatment is drawn up, which includes physical therapy and medication. Physical therapy may include:

hirudotherapy
electrophoresis
gynecological massage
magnetic therapy
laser therapy

Often resort to folk way treatment and herbal medicine, which are also used in the prevention of oophoritis. The therapy is long-term, but it must be completed. If the cause of the disease is a sexually transmitted infection, then the partner is also treated to avoid prostatitis and reinfection partners. During the treatment period, both are prescribed sexual rest.

control of psycho-emotional balance