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Dense spots in a child. Red spots on the skin in children

A real nightmare for mothers and fathers is the “blooming” of the child’s skin. In medicine, red spots on a child’s body are manifestations of exanthematous infections, allergic and other diseases. Parents do not need to be afraid of rashes, but should worry about the cause of their appearance. A child becomes covered with red spots for a reason, but because of the skin’s reaction to changes inside the body and in environment. The degree of influence of such rashes on the health of children varies, and their treatment and prevention differ.

Rashes or exanthemas on the skin appear due to inflammation, which is accompanied by vasodilation and infiltration in the tissues. Among the elements of the rash, primary and secondary are distinguished. Spots, nodules, bubbles and blisters belong to the first group. Scales, crusts, cracks, erosions, and pigmentation disorders are considered secondary. Such processes in the skin are characteristic of infectious and non-communicable diseases, “triggering” inflammation in the dermis.

Signs of a spot as an element of a rash:

usually does not protrude above the level of healthy skin;
formed at the site of vasodilation;
most often has an irregular shape;
diameter varies from 0.5 to 2 cm.

A rash in the form of dots with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 cm is called “roseola”. For example, with scarlet fever. Rubella is characterized by a small-spotted rash with spots ranging in size from 0.5 to 1 cm. With measles, large red spots appear on the child’s head with a diameter of 1–2 cm. The characteristics of the rash, namely the shape and size of the elements, their number, color, location, are required taken into account by doctors examining a sick child. It is also taken into account that the spots disappear when pressure is applied to them, and appear again after the pressure is removed. If bulging skin tumors appear, they do not disappear with pressure.

A maculopapular rash rises above the level of the epidermis. If the red spots do not disappear when the skin is stretched, then this is hemorrhage. The appearance of such elements is associated with damage or increased permeability of the capillary walls. The spots are red at first, then they turn yellow. The smallest hemorrhages are petechiae - no more than 0.5 cm in diameter, larger ones are purpura and ecchymoses.

Doctor, candidate medical sciences A.S. Botkina (Moscow) in one of her publications in the journal “Pediatrician Practice” notes that various lesions skin accounts for 30% of all requests. A child health specialist reminds that the most significant causes of skin changes are dermatological problems and allergies.

Another group of factors requires special attention, namely infectious diseases. Sometimes exanthema becomes a sign of a microbial or viral infection, which allows you to make a diagnosis as soon as possible and begin treatment in a timely manner.

Six classic childhood diseases

At the appointment, the pediatrician will definitely ask about when the rash appeared and about the presence of itching. When examining a child's throat, rashes on the mucous membranes may be detected. For example, small spots appear on the inside of the cheeks in children with measles. A symptom of scarlet fever is petechiae on the palate.

It is important to take into account all manifestations: rash, fever, intoxication, sore throat, cough.

When a child has red spots all over his body, the possibility of infection with one of the 6 classic childhood infectious diseases cannot be ruled out:

IN medical literature, especially foreign ones, diseases are called by numbers: “first”, “second” and so on until “sixth”.

Measles

In developed countries, cases of this disease are few and do not become epidemics. Measles is characterized by the appearance of bright red spots approximately 5 days after the onset of the disease. The elements have scalloped edges and are prone to merging. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the palate becomes covered with pink dots. The child has a fever and sore throat.

Scarlet fever

Dots and spots of bright pink color appear already on the first or second day of the disease. Elements of the rash are located against the background of reddened skin, thicker in the groin folds, armpits, neck, and sides of the body. The rash persists for about a week, after which flaky elements remain.

At the same time, the child develops symptoms of a sore throat, the pharynx becomes “flaming” red, and nasolabial triangle remains pale. The tongue is initially covered with a white coating, but in the next 24 hours it clears and resembles raspberries. In modern children, scarlet fever often occurs without an increase in body temperature.

Rubella

One or two days after the onset of the disease, small red spots appear on the child’s bottom, as well as on the face, arms and legs. The spots disappear without a trace within 2–3 days. Redness of the throat, intoxication are mild, body temperature is subfebrile. Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck are characteristic.

Infectious mononucleosis

The causative agent of the disease is the Epstein-Barr virus, type-IV human herpes virus (HHV). Red spots and papules usually occur in children treated with ampicillin. Other symptoms infectious mononucleosis: prolonged fever, inflammation and sore throat, increased lymph nodes.

Erythema infectiosum

One of clinical manifestations parvovirus infection (B19). In foreign medical literature, mainly in English, fifth disease is often referred to as “slap marks” syndrome. In Russian publications you can find the following comparisons: “burning” or “slapped” cheeks. First, dots appear on the face, then they increase in size and merge into large red spots. These changes may be accompanied by itchy skin.

Two days before the rash appears, the child feels unwell, develops fever, nausea, and sore throat (in 30–35% of cases). Round pink-red spots appear on the shoulders, back and other parts of the body. The rash on the arms and legs appears less frequently. The infection is transmitted from patients only until the face turns red.

Sudden exanthema

The causative agent of the sixth disease or infantile roseola is HHV types VI–VII. Dry pink spots up to 5 mm in size become noticeable by 3–5 days of illness and disappear without a trace after a few days. The localization of the rash is mainly on the neck and torso, rarely on the face and limbs. Other signs of the disease: sharp increase Body temperature to febrile levels, weak severe symptoms general intoxication. The child may have seizures. Specific therapy usually not required, only symptomatic treatment.

Spotted rash in children

Red spots signal health problems and are signs of several dozen various syndromes and diseases. If the rash is allergic in nature, then sometimes it is enough to take antihistamines, use ointments with glucocorticoids. This treatment is ineffective for infectious diseases. It is necessary to fight the cause of rashes - microbes and viruses.

Flu

The disease begins suddenly with a sharp rise in T° and general intoxication. Often a red spot appears in a child’s eye, nose bleed. Occasionally, petechiae appear on the face and chest. The spots appear on the first day and disappear in the following days.

Hand-foot-mouth disease - enteroviral exanthema

Diseases are caused by enteroviruses, which are most active from spring to autumn. Measles-like enteroviral exanthema most often affects children early age. Spots with a diameter of about 3 mm are located on the face and torso and disappear after a day or two. Roseola-like exanthema is also called “Boston disease.” The rash on the face looks like round pink-red spots with a diameter of 0.5–2 cm. The spots disappear without a trace one or two days after their appearance.

Hand-foot-mouth disease or viral pemphigus are caused by Coxsackie viruses and enterovirus-71. Children under 10 years of age are most often affected. Mucous oral cavity covered with painful pink-red spots and vesicles. In approximately 75% of cases, a rash appears on the face, palms and heels, sometimes spreading to the buttocks and genitals. At first these are small red spots, then single or multiple bubbles. The disease usually proceeds without complications. Treatment is predominantly symptomatic, for example, if your palms itch, then give antihistamine drops.

Pityriasis rosea

The exact reasons for the appearance of a large, rough spot with a diameter of about 5 cm on the waist or thigh have not yet been established. Scientists suggest that the activity of herpes viruses increases against the background of immunosuppression. Later, small “daughter” plaques of light red, crimson or pink appear.

Ringworm

The spots are often localized on the back of the head and limbs, have the shape of a ring or oval, and are very itchy and flaky. Treatment is carried out antifungal ointment"Mikozolon", iodine tincture.

One of the causes of a small or large spotted rash is infection with thrush pathogens (yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida).

Staphylococcal infection

The cause is some kind of infectious focus, for example a purulent wound or phlegmon. A pinpoint “scarlet-like” rash occurs 3–4 days after staphylococcal inflammation. The disease resembles a sore throat: fever, redness of the throat. Elements of the rash are densely sprinkled on the lower abdomen, located in the groin, in the natural folds of the body.

The introduction of pyogenic streptococci into the skin is the cause of streptococcal pyoderma. This pustular disease affects the body against the background of decreased immunity, deficiency of vitamins A and C, infection of wounds and burns.

Pseudotuberculosis

If a child is covered with red spots, then he may be infected with bacteria of the genus Yersinia. When children suffer from pseudotuberculosis, the rash looks like dots, spots and papules of varying diameters throughout the body. Clusters form on the palms in the form of “gloves”, on the feet in the form of “socks”, and “hood” on the head and neck. The body temperature rises, signs of intoxication are observed. After about a week, dry scales remain in place of the spots.

Red spots in diseases of non-infectious etiology

Spots on the testicles in boys and on the vulva in girls appear due to irritation of the delicate skin by feces, after overheating, in conditions of excessive humidity. Miliaria is a disease that accompanies infants. You should wash your child correctly and in a timely manner, and use only products that are safe for children’s skin.

Prevention of red spots in groin area caused by insufficient hygiene in infancy, is to change the diaper correctly . After removing the wet baby product, you need to wash the baby or wipe it with a damp sanitary napkin without alcohol. Allow the skin to “breathe” a little, then apply Bepanten or zinc ointment, or use Depatenol cream. After this, you can put on a dry diaper.

Rough spots under the knees and on the shins in infants can be a reaction to dry air in the room, hard, chlorinated water or herbs used for bathing.

The appearance of erythema in a child may not be associated with any disease. A large spotted rash occurs after a massage or as a reaction of the autonomic nervous system to strong emotions and physical effort. The body releases a substance from the immune system - histamine. There is tingling, itching, and redness of the skin.

An increase in histamine levels appears on any part of the skin - on the face, on the stomach, on the arms. If the spots do not go away, swelling and itching of the skin bothers you, then the child is given antihistamines drops "Fenistil" or Zyrtec. You can take a warm bath with potassium permanganate; after water procedures Apply Fenistil gel to the spots.

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The health of a child at any age causes a lot of concern among parents. Even a minor runny nose or cough becomes a reason for a visit to your local pediatrician. What can we say about the situation when the child is covered with red spots. Blisters, blisters, pimples - any spots that suddenly appear on the baby’s body indicate that he should be provided with urgent care. health care.

Infectious diseases

The child’s fragile body is constantly susceptible to attack harmful microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. A newborn baby, as a rule, is transferred to the mother's immunity to all kinds of infectious diseases. But there are situations when a child is born with a weakened immune system, which contributes to his susceptibility to infectious diseases. IN later life the baby comes into contact with a large number of people, which can also cause infection with diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets or by everyday means.

The most common infections, often called childhood infections, include measles, rubella, roseola, scarlet fever, chicken pox(or chickenpox) and infectious mononucleosis. They are united by a common symptom - red rashes on the child’s body.

Measles rash

Measles is an infectious disease characterized by the highest contagiousness among other known diseases of this type. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and has an incubation period of 1-2 weeks.

Measles is characterized by:

increase in body temperature to 38 °C or more;
weakness, lethargy;
cough;
runny nose;
conjunctivitis (inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye);
rash on inside cheeks;
rashes all over the body.

With measles, the colors have an irregular shape. After a few days, the diseases change color to brown and merge with each other. The peculiarity of the disease is that it begins not with a rash, but with hyperthermia, cough and runny nose. Parents notice that the child is covered with red spots all over his body only on the 4-5th day of illness. All symptoms disappear and the skin is completely cleared after 2 weeks.

Treatment for measles is symptomatic, since special drug, aimed at combating its pathogen directly, is not yet available. It is important to maintain a drinking regime to avoid dehydration. Used to relieve eye inflammation eye drops, herbal infusions. At high temperatures, you cannot do without antipyretics.

Diagnosis of rubella

Rubella is an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets and household contact. The incubation period can last up to 25 days.

Symptoms:

low-grade fever body (within 37.5 °C);
slight runny nose;
lethargy;
enlarged and painful lymph nodes;
headache;
red, dotted rash that does not tend to develop significant areas of redness.

After the child is covered with small red spots, the skin will completely clear in 3-4 days.

A specific drug against rubella, as in the case of measles, is this moment does not exist, so the symptoms of the disease are eliminated. Antipyretic, antiallergic, immunostimulating and general antiviral drugs are used.

The only prevention of measles and rubella is vaccination.

Chicken pox

A disease caused by the herpes virus, which penetrates the upper Airways as a result of communication with a sick person. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks.

Signs of the disease:

rashes in the form of blisters all over the body, appear in stages over different areas skin;
heat bodies;
may be accompanied by headache.

With chickenpox, others note that the child itches and becomes covered with red spots.

For the treatment of chickenpox, drugs such as Acyclovir and Alpizarin are widely used. Prevention consists of vaccination and timely isolation of a sick child.

Exanthema with scarlet fever

If a child is covered with red spots all over his body, another reason for this may be scarlet fever. This is a bacterial infection transmitted by household and airborne droplets and received its name for its characteristic symptom - a bright red rash.

How to recognize scarlet fever:

red rashes that form large areas of redness throughout the body;
angina;
nausea;
enlarged lymph nodes in the neck;
high body temperature;
absence of rash in the area of the nasolabial triangle, its pallor;
peeling of the skin as the rash disappears.

Since scarlet fever is bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed for its treatment (Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and others). It is also necessary to adhere to bed rest, use immunomodulatory drugs, vitamins, agents for restoring intestinal microflora, and antipyretic drugs.

To reduce the likelihood of contracting scarlet fever, it is recommended to maintain personal hygiene and avoid large cluster people, especially during epidemics.

Roseola rash

Roseola is not an independent disease, but the body’s reaction to infection with herpes virus type 6. Children are most susceptible to this disease between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. You can become infected through airborne droplets or through household contact. Herpes type 6 is not transmitted through contact with skin covered in rashes.

Symptoms of roseola:

increase in body temperature to 38-39 °C;
slight runny nose and nasal congestion;
cold hands and feet against the background of general hyperthermia;
pale skin;
febrile convulsions are possible;
a dark pink rash, which consists of spots up to 5 mm in diameter, slightly convex above the surface of the skin, with a pale edge.

Antiviral drugs are not used to treat roseola. The main means to alleviate the baby’s condition are antipyretics, drinking regime, regular ventilation and wet cleaning.

To prevent the disease, it is important to strengthen the child’s immunity, maintain breastfeeding for as long as possible, ensure the child has healthy sleep and proper nutrition, appropriate for age.

Infectious mononucleosis

Mononucleosis is a disease caused by the herpes virus type 4, or Epstein-Barr. Your child may get mononucleosis contact-household method, mainly through saliva. A rash is observed in 25% of patients - upon examination it is noted that the child’s face is covered with red spots. The rash then spreads to the entire body.

Symptoms:

signs of pharyngitis and tonsillitis;
swollen lymph nodes;
rash in the form of compacted pink or dark red spots;
enlargement of internal organs (spleen, less often - liver).

Treatment for the virus is symptomatic. Analgesics are used to relieve pain, drinking plenty of fluids to remove toxic substances from the body, antiseptic drugs for the treatment of pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Antibiotics, antiherpetic and antivirals used for treatment severe forms disease and its complications.

Prevention consists of increasing the child’s immunity, limiting contact with sick people, and disinfecting the room where the sick person is located. A vaccine against infectious mononucleosis has not yet been created.

Allergy, diathesis, urticaria

Diathesis is a child’s predisposition to allergies. There are many reasons for diathesis and allergic reactions in infants and older children: bad habits of the mother during pregnancy, toxicosis, the presence of allergens in Everyday life mother and baby after birth (household dust, pet hair). In addition, the child’s immunity is not yet fully developed, which often causes an incorrect immune response to substances that are completely safe for an adult. These include some food products (eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits) and hygiene products (soap, shampoo, cream, and so on).

Symptoms of diathesis:

redness of the cheeks;
rashes of various types, which can be present both on the entire body and in individual parts of it, for example, it may be noted that the child’s hands are covered with red spots;
periodic occurrence in places of redness of crusts;
diaper rash that does not go away with personal hygiene;
If the first signs are ignored, metabolic disorders develop, and a decrease in the child’s activity is possible with subsequent developmental delay.

To treat childhood allergic reactions, sorbents are prescribed to quickly remove substances that cause allergies from the body, and antihistamines to eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

If a child suddenly becomes covered with red spots, it is worth assuming one of the types of childhood allergies - hives. This is a sudden allergic reaction that manifests itself as characteristic blistering rashes on the baby's skin. Sometimes this symptom is accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting.

To prevent any allergies, it is recommended to avoid adding highly allergenic foods to the child’s diet; for hygiene procedures, use only hypoallergenic products intended for children. If the baby is on breastfeeding, Special attention should be given to the mother's diet.

Erythema nodosum

There is another ailment that is allergic in nature, for which characteristic symptom are skin rashes. This is erythema nodosum - an inflammatory process in human blood vessels, which was preceded by various infectious diseases.

A characteristic manifestation of the disease is that the child is covered with red spots, or rather, dense subcutaneous nodules, which on the surface of the skin look like red spots with a diameter of no more than 5 cm.

Treatment of erythema consists of two stages - getting rid of the infection that caused the disease, and relieving the symptoms of inflammation itself.

Antibiotics are used to treat infections, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve inflammation, and physiotherapy is often prescribed.

Home preventive measure is a timely visit to a doctor for the treatment of infectious diseases that may further provoke erythema nodosum.

Manifestation of prickly heat

If your child is covered in red spots and his body itches, you may suspect he has a condition called prickly heat. This is a red rash on the baby’s body, most typical for newborns and children in the first year of life. Miliaria occurs because the skin of a baby is much thinner and more vulnerable than the skin of an adult, and besides, thermoregulation is not sufficiently developed in babies. Because of this, at the slightest irritation or irregular hygiene procedures, small pimples and sometimes blisters may appear on the child’s skin, which disappear after the irritant is removed (sweat, tight clothing, unnatural fabrics).

If a child becomes covered with red spots due to heat rash, what should he do?

Observe hygiene rules.
Dress your baby appropriately for the weather.
Ventilate the room in which the child is located.
Avoid tight swaddling.
Wear newborn clothes only from natural fabrics.
Use diapers made of breathable materials to help prevent diaper rash.

Ringworm and its variety - eczema

When a child itches and becomes covered with red spots, it is quite logical to assume that he has lichen - a disease of a fungal or viral nature. You can become infected with it from animals (ringworm), as a result of damage to the skin or diseases of internal organs (eczema), after infection with a fungus (pityriasis versicolor), as a result of disturbances in the functioning of the immune system (red lichen planus), due to infection by viruses (pityriasis rosea).

Depending on the type of disease, it is characterized by different types of rashes:

pityriasis rosea is characterized by the appearance of small round pink or red spots;
For pityriasis versicolor darker red or even red-brown rashes are characteristic;
at ringworm in addition to red spots, peeling and itching of the skin appears;
eczema is characterized by the appearance of red spots, crusts, peeling, cracks, blisters;
with lichen planus, shiny nodules of a reddish-purple hue are formed irregular shape.

Despite the fact that lichen is treated mainly at home, without medical care there is no way around it - only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of illness. Depending on the type of disease, antihistamines, corticosteroids and antifungals are used to treat it. It is also recommended to refuse bad habits and follow a special diet.

To prevent the disease, it is important to strengthen the immune system and limit the baby’s contact with street animals.

Psoriatic rashes

Psoriasis is a chronic disease of a non-infectious nature, the causes of which have now been studied in small degree. The disease is not contagious; according to one version, it is not psoriasis itself that is inherited, but a predisposition to it.

Symptoms of the disease:

spot-like rashes on the skin;
itching of the skin;
peeling.

Most often, young people under 20 years of age suffer from this disease. But it also occurs in children. Therefore, if a child is covered with red spots, one cannot ignore the likelihood of this particular skin lesion occurring.

Unfortunately, medicine is currently unable to cure psoriasis completely. To alleviate the condition and achieve a state of remission, blood purification, cryotherapy are used, and a visit to the solarium is recommended.

To prevent relapses, it is important to strengthen the immune system and avoid stressful situations.

Other causes of red spots on a child's body

In addition to the diseases described above, other reasons can cause the appearance of red spots on the body of babies:

Insect bites. The nature and size of the spots depends on what insect bit the child and on the individual reaction of his body, including the presence of allergic reactions.
Nervous system disorder - sometimes you can notice that when a child cries, he becomes covered in red spots. With such symptoms, you should exclude stressful situations in the child’s life, create a friendly atmosphere at home, and try to find out the cause nervous tension baby.
Spots in newborns. In newborns, mostly weak and prematurely born, red spots may appear on the skin in the first days after birth, which go away on their own and are considered normal.
Reaction to cold, or so-called cold allergy, - redness of a supercooled area of the skin, which goes away on its own after a few hours, sometimes the symptom persists for up to several days.
Diseases of cardio-vascular system and blood. These causes of rashes are extremely serious and require immediate consultation with a specialist.

If the question arises as to why the child is covered with red spots, an urgent consultation with a pediatrician is necessary, since the safest condition without timely help can be fraught with serious complications and consequences.

Human skin can be called an indicator of health. Especially it concerns small child, whose skin is very sensitive to any changes - as in external conditions, and in general condition internal organs and systems of the body.

Skin rashes may be different character. Some of them are not dangerous, others are a signal of the development of an allergic, infectious or autoimmune process. You cannot ignore a rash in a child or treat it yourself without finding out the root cause.

Skin rashes are a very common occurrence in young children.

Types of rashes in babies

In dermatology, there are three large groups into which all possible skin rashes in infants are divided:

Physiological. This type of rash occurs in newborns. Rashes appear on the body as a result hormonal changes occurring in the body.
Immunological. It is a consequence of exposure to various irritating factors on the epidermis, such as allergens, temperature or friction. Such rashes include urticaria, prickly heat, an allergic reaction, or atopic dermatitis. Violation of basic hygiene rules can also lead to unwanted manifestations.
Infectious. A rash is a symptom accompanying a certain infectious (viral) disease, for example, chicken pox or scarlet fever (more details in the article:).

Causes of rashes

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There are many reasons why rashes may appear on the head, face, arms, legs, sternum, back or back of the head. The most likely are:

Viral diseases. These include measles, rubella, chickenpox, and mononucleosis.
Diseases bacterial etiology. For example, scarlet fever.
Allergy. Food products, hygiene products, clothing, etc. can cause an allergic reaction. household chemicals, perfumes and cosmetics, insect bites.
Mechanical damage to the epidermis. If the wound is treated insufficiently, irritation of the skin around it may begin, manifested in the form of pimples, white spots, colorless blisters, goosebumps, red or pink spots.
Problems with blood clotting. In this situation, the rash consists of small hemorrhages characteristic of meningococcal meningitis.

So, rashes happen in babies different types and has different etiologies. It is not worthwhile to independently diagnose and determine the type of rash using photos from the Internet, even with good explanations. This should be done by a specialist.

Diseases accompanied by rashes

Any type of rash on the body is a symptom of the disease. They can be very different in appearance. The rash can be papular, pinpoint or, conversely, in the form of large dots or pimples. She's dating different colors, starting with transparent or white color and until bright red. The characteristics that describe rashes directly depend on their etiology or the illness that they accompany.

Dermatological diseases

Among the diseases of dermatological etiology, the symptoms of which are a variety of rashes, the following can be noted:

dermatoses (for example,);
psoriasis;
eczema;
candidiasis and other diseases of the epidermis.

Almost always skin diseases are caused by problems with internal organs and systems in conjunction with the impact external factors. For example, neurodermatitis can be triggered by disruptions in the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems against the background of decreased immunity. In such a situation, complex therapy using medications, and not just ointments or creams.

Psoriasis on the hands of a child

As for psoriasis, at the initial stage it looks like an allergic reaction, but over time the plaques acquire a characteristic appearance. Another name for the disease is scaly lichen. Psoriasis and eczema are very rare in children one month old. Genetic predisposition to these diseases only after 2 years.

Allergic reaction

One of the main symptoms of allergies is a rash. Negative reaction - result of taking medicinal drugs or the use of certain food products. Possessing various shapes and size, the rash can spread throughout the body, including the face, chest, and limbs.

The main characteristic difference between an allergy rash is that it increases in severity when exposed to an allergen and disappears after eliminating the irritant. Another feature is the presence of severe itching.

The most common manifestations of an allergic rash are:

. Occurs due to foods, medications and temperature factors. Sometimes determine the real reason urticaria is impossible.
. It is a papular red rash that, as it develops, merges and becomes crusty. It most often occurs on the face, cheeks and places where the arms and legs are bent. Accompanied by itching.

Atopic dermatitis or eczema

Infectious diseases

Quite often, a rash is a sign of an infectious disease. The most famous of them:

. The child develops characteristic watery blisters, which dry out and form a crust. They are characterized by itching. The temperature may also rise, but sometimes the disease goes away without it.
. The main symptoms are enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a rash in the form of small red spots or dots that first appear on the face and then move to the neck, shoulders and then spread throughout the body.
. Appears as round spots and nodules for ears spreading throughout the body. The disease is also accompanied by peeling, pigmentation disorders, fever, conjunctivitis, cough and photophobia.
. Initially, the rashes are localized on the cheeks, then move to the limbs, chest and torso. Gradually the rash becomes paler. Scarlet fever is also characterized by a bright red coloration of the palate and tongue.
. It starts with an increase in temperature. The fever lasts about three days, after which a pinpoint red rash appears on the body.
. It is characterized by a red rash that is very itchy.

The symptoms of chickenpox are difficult to confuse with the symptoms of another infection.

Rubella rash

Signs of measles

Roseola rash

Rashes in a newborn

The sensitive skin of newborns is most susceptible to negative external influences. Among the most common cases of rashes on the body of a baby are:

. It usually appears in a child due to heat as a result of overheating and difficulty sweating. Most often, this type of rash forms on the head, in particular under the hair, on the face, in the folds of the skin, where diaper rash is present. Rashes are blisters and spots that do not cause discomfort to the child (see also:).
. Inflamed papules and pustules affect the face, scalp under the hair and neck. They are a consequence of the activation of the sebaceous glands through maternal hormones. Such acne usually does not need to be treated, but quality care and moisturizing of the skin should be provided. They pass without a trace, leaving no scars or pale spots.
. It appears in the form of papules and pustules, having a white-yellow color, with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. They appear on the second day of life, then gradually go away on their own.

Heat rash on the face of a baby

How to determine the disease by the location of the rash?

One of the important characteristics of rashes on the body is their localization. It is by what part of the body the spots, dots or pimples are located that one can determine the nature of the problem and the disease that became the root cause of their appearance.

Naturally, this is not the only parameter that is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis, but it is quite possible to reduce the number of variants of ailments. However, a dermatologist should analyze the factors that caused the appearance of a rash on a particular part of the body and how to treat it in order to avoid serious consequences self-medication.

Rash on face

One of the parts of the body that is most susceptible various kinds dermatitis is the face.

Moreover, the appearance small pimples or spots on the face indicate pathologies in the body; such defects also become an aesthetic problem.

The reasons why the rash affects the facial area can be very diverse:

Reaction to Sun rays. Occurs with prolonged exposure to the sun.
Allergy. She may be called cosmetical tools, for example, creams based on citrus oils. Food is also often the cause.
Prickly heat. It is observed in infants one year of age and younger with poor quality skin care.
Diathesis. It affects children who are breastfed.
Puberty in adolescents.
Infectious diseases. Among them are measles, rubella and scarlet fever.

Rashes all over the body

Quite often, the rash affects more than one specific area, but spreads throughout almost the entire body.

Allergic rash in a newborn

If a child is covered with various kinds of rashes, this indicates:

Erythema toxic. The rash affects 90% of the body. Disappears within 3 days after toxins are removed.
Newborn acne (we recommend reading:). Bathing with baby soap, air baths, care and proper nutrition are the solution to this problem.
Allergic reaction. It can manifest itself as urticaria or contact dermatitis on any part of the body where there was contact with the allergen.
Infections. If nothing has changed in the child’s diet and habits, then the possible cause of the rash is an infectious disease.

Red dots on arms and legs

As for the rash on the extremities, its main cause is usually an allergy. Especially ones like this allergic manifestations touch hands. They can remain on the skin for a long time if the child experiences constant stress, emotional distress and fatigue. If left untreated, the problem can develop into eczema.

Another reason why your hands and feet may become itchy is a fungal disease (such as psoriasis, scabies or lupus). In cases where there is no rash in other places, a simple miliaria is possible.

Allergic rash on a child's foot

Rash on the stomach

The main factor that can trigger the appearance of a rash on the abdomen is infection, in particular such known diseases, like measles, rubella, scarlet fever and chicken pox. With timely and competent treatment, the rash begins to disappear within 3-4 days.

Usually, in addition to the abdomen, the skin is affected in other places. However, if the rash is present exclusively on the abdomen, then it is most likely contact dermatitis caused by an allergen coming into contact with the baby's tummy.

Rashes on the head and neck

A rash on the head or neck is most often a result of heat rash. In this case, the child’s thermoregulation should be normalized and proper skin care should be provided. You can also smear the affected areas with ointments and bathe the baby in a series.

Other reasons for the appearance of a rash in these places include:

chicken pox;
scabies (we recommend reading:);
neonatal pustulosis;
atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis

Red dots on the back

The most common causes of red spots on the back and shoulders are:

Two more probable diseases associated with such a place of localization of red dots as the back are:

Rashes on a child’s body are a reason for parents to worry about the baby’s health. Causes of spots different sizes and there can be many red colors on delicate skin - from a banal insect bite to the manifestation of allergic reactions or the presence of a disease. A pediatrician will help determine the cause of red spots in a child localized throughout the body. We will try to provide a list of possible causes of skin disease.

Has your temperature risen?

First, you need to find out whether the redness of the child’s skin is accompanied by an increase in body temperature. This will help eliminate the presence of infectious diseases such as:

Scarlet fever.
Chicken pox.
Rubella.
Measles.
Erythema, etc.

These diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets and through direct contact of a child with a patient, and are accompanied by elevated temperature. If you have these symptoms, you should go to the hospital immediately.

If the red plaques on the child’s body do not have additional accompanying symptoms, diagnoses may vary. You should not ignore the fact that each child has individual characteristics of the body and this or that disease can manifest itself in different ways (with or without fever).

Possible variations of childhood dermatitis

Allergy or diathesis

The body of young children is quite weak and cannot accept many foods and the artificial additives they contain. Flavorings, artificial food colors, preservatives, sweeteners, taste enhancers and other harmful chemicals can irritate the fragile children's digestive tract, causing severe diathesis. Often oval red or pink spots are accompanied by severe itching, may get a little wet, deliver painful sensations and discomfort. This reaction is normal and natural for children when eating foods such as chips, crackers in various flavors, candy, soda, and other common snack foods.

Even infants are susceptible to allergic reactions if it is not suitable for them for any reason. breast milk mother or artificial mixtures and additives.

If the child’s body has been exposed to intoxication with an accompanying rash, it is necessary to carefully review the baby’s diet to exclude all possible allergens.

If a child gets enough sleep while eating properly, there are external factors that irritate him. delicate skin. Some types of baby clothing fabrics or washing powders can cause allergic reactions, so it is important to choose only high-quality natural fabrics with processed internal seams and specialized children's hypoallergenic powders and conditioners. Very often the child gets enough sleep due to the use of:

Shampoo.
Kremov.
Bathing gel
Powder.

Prickly heat

Infants are more susceptible to heat rash, but older children are also prone to the problem. If a child wears a diaper, red dots are often observed in the areas under the diaper. This is justified by the fact that diapers or multi-layer diapers do not allow sufficient air to pass through to the child’s body during urination. sweat glands the baby stops, causing redness.

Also susceptible to heat rash are those areas of the baby’s body that sweat most often - the neck, elbow and knee bends and others, depending on individual characteristics little man place. When breastfeeding or eating through a bottle, due to salivation, sweat or fluid leakage from the container, the beard and cheeks of infants may also become covered with reddish dots.

Getting your baby used to urinating in a glass or small container at first or in a potty in the future will help get rid of the problem. It is also necessary to change diapers more often, leaving the baby without clothes for a short amount of time so that the skin can “breathe.” A wide range of baby powders, creams and other cosmetic products will also help solve the problem.

Ringworm

A disease such as lichen is quite common among children. There are three types of lichen:

Pityriasis rosea. Children with weakened protective properties body. Pityriasis rosea appears in the form of large red spots with small patches and redness around. The affected areas of the skin are very itchy, painful and uncomfortable. You can treat lichen by rubbing prescribed by your doctor. hormonal ointments, use antihistamines, follow a diet.
Ringworm manifests itself in redness of the skin throughout the body. Bright spots cause discomfort due to constant itching. Characteristic difference ringworm This is due to the fact that when you scratch the affected area, you may notice the exfoliation of dead skin cells. Dangerous this type depriving in that the redness quickly grows, covering almost the entire child’s body. For proper treatment You should contact your pediatrician or pediatric dermatologist.
Another type of disease is lichen versicolor. It differs from the two previous species in that the color of the spots on the body has a brownish tint. After the spots go away, the skin in this area becomes a little lighter. Usually dark spots stay on the body for about 2-3 weeks. The disease is treated by taking antifungal drugs, rubbing lichen with special solutions and ointments. The child needs to be examined by a doctor.

Nervous system disorder

Redness often appears and disappears on the child’s body - if this is not an allergy, then most likely a nervous disorder. Emotional overexcitement caused by stressful situations, often manifests itself as spots of unknown origin appearing on the body of your beloved child. Often nervous disorders accompanied by such accompanying indicators as mood changes, restless sleep, bitten nails, bitten lips, tearfulness, aggressiveness.

If such symptoms are detected, parents need to observe the baby’s behavior, reduce or completely eliminate his stay in places with increased stress, and create a calm and friendly atmosphere at home. Stress spots nervous condition can be lubricated with antiseptic ointments. During treatment, stimulating and irritating foods should be excluded from the child’s diet and should be given more pure drinks. drinking water. You should not self-medicate; it is better to consult with specialists in pediatrics, neurologists or psychotherapists.

If a child is covered with red spots observed all over the body, this may indicate allergic reactions or the development of infectious diseases in the child. It is important to immediately identify possible reason illness and completely eliminate the provocateur from the baby’s life. It is necessary to visit the clinic to undergo all the necessary tests for an accurate diagnosis and begin qualified treatment, discussed with the children's doctor.

For parents, the health of the baby always comes first. When dermatological problems arise, adults begin to sound the alarm. Small red spots can be caused by various factors that are the result of various diseases.

Basic causes of red spots in children

The reasons for the problem are quite varied.

There are several main symptoms of red spots:

The most common cause of red spots in children is an allergic reaction.

When an allergy occurs, the baby's skin becomes covered with red spots. Allergies can be triggered by food, various mixtures, wearing clothes made of synthetic materials, toys, and medications. Parents should be aware that failure to consult a doctor promptly can lead to anaphylactic shock.

Prickly heat

Red circles without health problems appear in connection with prickly heat. As a rule, it occurs in summer period time. Children tend to sweat a lot, especially for newborn babies. If you don't pay special attention to your baby's skin, prickly heat will get worse. It is important to use high-quality powders and thoroughly wash the newborn after exposure to sunlight.

Chicken pox

Chickenpox in children is a common illness. This is an infectious disease in which skin red dots and bubbles appear. The disease is accompanied by itching. The spots are localized between the fingers, in the armpits and on the inside of the cheeks.

Scarlet fever

An infectious disease that most often occurs due to improper hand hygiene, unsterile clothing and toys. The main symptoms of the disease are pink spots on the skin in the area of the nasolabial folds. Some children may have a sore throat.

Rubella

The pathology appears suddenly, with the formation of red spots on the back, chest and face. With rubella there is no increase in temperature.

Measles

Dry red spots are characteristic of a disease such as measles. At the initial stage of the disease, the baby is bothered by a runny nose and fever, and after a few days, irregularly shaped spots with a brownish tint appear. This pathology lasts about 2 weeks.

Hives

Hives are characterized by the appearance of red dots. Small blisters are accompanied by itching. Doctors say that this disease is a consequence of an allergic reaction. As a rule, the symptoms of the pathology disappear without the use of medications.

Pityriasis rosea

This pathology is accompanied by red spots in the area of the body where the sweat glands work most actively. Pityriasis rosea can occur with fever and enlarged lymph nodes.

Sudden exanthema

This disease poses a serious threat to the child's health. Viral infection, which affects children under 3 years of age. The initial stage of the disease is high fever, irritation meninges. After a few days, the temperature drops, and redness and papules appear on the body. The rashes are more concentrated on the torso and neck.

In addition to the diseases described, there are also other reasons that provoke the appearance of red dots on the body:

Insect bites;
Poor personal hygiene;
Diseases of blood vessels and blood;
Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
Nervous tension.

Red spots on the skin of newborns

Often the skin of the baby's head becomes covered with dry crusts, touching which you can notice the appearance of red dots. Experts call such crusts milky. Subject to proper hygiene this problem disappears on its own.

2 days after birth, the baby may develop blisters. After a while they burst and disappear. This problem most often occurs in a premature baby. In newborn babies, the skin often suffers from prickly heat and overheating of the body.

If a breastfed baby experiences rashes, the nursing mother should reconsider her diet. Due to the fact that spots may indicate the presence of allergies, it is worth thinking about the advisability of using artificial mixtures.

How to treat red spots in a baby?

Before dealing with such a problem, you need to know the reason for the appearance of dots. If these are manifestations of an allergic reaction, the specialist prescribes antihistamines. In addition, it is important to monitor the baby’s diet and eliminate foods that cause allergies.

It is very important that clothes for a newborn are made of high-quality material. To wash children's clothes you need to use hypoallergenic powders or regular soap. With proper care of the baby, the rashes disappear on their own.

When spots are caused infectious diseases, the baby needs to be isolated. It is recommended to give the baby plenty of fluids and include vitamins in the diet. Points on the child’s skin are treated using local funds. For example, with chickenpox, the rashes are lubricated with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. Children tolerate the disease easily, acquiring lifelong immunity to such viruses.

If rashes on the skin are caused by prickly heat, the baby should be bathed as often as possible.

It is useful to use special powders to keep the baby's skin clean and dry. Parents should monitor their baby's regular hygiene and prevent excessive sweating.

Prevention of red spots in a child

Prevention of red spots on the face and body of children is quite simple. The first and main rule is proper hygiene skin. Baby's skin should be cleansed using special means which are sold in pharmacies. You will be able to cleanse the dermis of pathogenic microbes and protect the delicate skin of the newborn.

In addition to pharmacy products, you can use folk remedies. For example, use a decoction of chamomile or string for bathing, and use regular starch instead of powder.

Proper nutrition will help you avoid spots on your child’s skin. It is necessary to exclude fatty, smoked and spicy foods from the diet. As a rule, it is precisely this kind of food that provokes allergic reactions. The menu should include fruits, dairy products, and vegetables.

Do not forget about the cleanliness of the room where the baby rests. Be sure to do wet cleaning daily.

If red spots appear, promptly seek help from a specialist. Only a doctor can determine the cause of the problem and prescribe the correct effective treatment for your child.

You should not purchase questionable medications at the pharmacy, which can significantly aggravate the situation. Remember that any reaction on your children's skin should be assessed an experienced doctor. By following the rules listed above, you can prevent the development of serious pathologies in the baby’s body.

It is advisable to discuss traditional treatment methods with your pediatrician, as some herbs have contraindications. Warn about possible contraindications to pharmaceutical drugs And medicinal herbs Only a specialist can.